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Han N, Li X, Du J, Xu J, Guo L, Liu Y. The impacts of oral and gut microbiota on alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1139-1147. [PMID: 37712722 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, primarily arises from infections and the invasion of periodontal pathogens. This condition is typified by alveolar bone loss resulting from host immune responses and inflammatory reactions. Periodontal pathogens trigger aberrant inflammatory reactions within periodontal tissues, thereby exacerbating the progression of periodontitis. Simultaneously, these pathogens and metabolites stimulate osteoclast differentiation, which leads to alveolar bone resorption. Moreover, a range of systemic diseases, including diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, can contribute to the development and progression of periodontitis. Many studies have underscored the pivotal role of gut microbiota in bone health through the gut-alveolar bone axis. The circulation may facilitate the transfer of gut pathogens or metabolites to distant alveolar bone, which in turn regulates bone homeostasis. Additionally, gut pathogens can elicit gut immune responses and direct immune cells to remote organs, potentially exacerbating periodontitis. This review summarizes the influence of oral microbiota on the development of periodontitis as well as the association between gut microbiota and periodontitis. By uncovering potential mechanisms of the gut-bone axis, this analysis provides novel insights for the targeted treatment of pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhu L, Tang Z, Hu R, Gu M, Yang Y. Ageing and Inflammation: What Happens in Periodontium? Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1274. [PMID: 38002398 PMCID: PMC10669535 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high incidence and severity in the elderly population, making it a significant public health concern. Ageing is a primary risk factor for the development of periodontitis, exacerbating alveolar bone loss and leading to tooth loss in the geriatric population. Despite extensive research, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between ageing and periodontitis remain elusive. Understanding the intricate mechanisms that connect ageing and inflammation may help reveal new therapeutic targets and provide valuable options to tackle the challenges encountered by the rapidly expanding global ageing population. In this review, we highlight the latest scientific breakthroughs in the pathways by which inflammaging mediates the decline in periodontal function and triggers the onset of periodontitis. We also provide a comprehensive overview of the latest findings and discuss potential avenues for future research in this critical area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanqi Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (L.Z.); (Z.T.); (R.H.); (M.G.)
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3
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Ng MY, Lin T, Chao SC, Chu PM, Yu CC. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Natural Compounds in Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133614. [PMID: 35806899 PMCID: PMC9267692 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major worldwide health burden. DM is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and if left untreated, can lead to various complications. Individuals with uncontrolled DM are more susceptible to periodontitis due to both a hyper-inflammatory host response and an impaired immune response. Periodontitis, on the other hand, may exacerbate DM by increasing both local and systemic inflammatory components of DM-related complications. The current standard for periodontal treatment in diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) focuses mostly on reducing bacterial load and less on controlling the excessive host response, and hence, may not be able to resolve DP completely. Over the past decade, natural compounds have emerged as an adjunct approach for modulating the host immune response with the hope of curing DP. The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic characteristics of natural substances are well-known, and they can be found in regularly consumed foods and drinks, as well as plants. The pathophysiology of DP and the treatment benefits of various bioactive extracts for DP will be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee Ng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yi-lan, Luodong 265501, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2471-8668
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Park OJ, Kim AR, So YJ, Im J, Ji HJ, Ahn KB, Seo HS, Yun CH, Han SH. Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death by Oral Streptococci in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738047. [PMID: 34721337 PMCID: PMC8551966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiation and progression of oral infectious diseases are associated with streptococcal species. Bacterial infection induces inflammatory responses together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), often causing cell death and tissue damage in the host. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oral streptococci on cytotoxicity and ROS production in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Streptococcus gordonii showed cell cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity might be due to apoptosis since S. gordonii increased annexin V-positive cells, and the cytotoxicity was reduced by an apoptosis inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Other oral streptococci such as Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus sobrinus also induced apoptosis, whereas Streptococcus mutans did not. All streptococci tested except S. mutans triggered ROS production in human PDL cells. Interestingly, however, streptococci-induced apoptosis appears to be ROS-independent, as the cell death induced by S. gordonii was not recovered by the ROS inhibitor, resveratrol or n-acetylcysteine. Instead, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) appears to be important for the cytotoxic effects of streptococci since most oral streptococci except S. mutans generated H2O2, and the cytotoxicity was dramatically reduced by catalase. Furthermore, streptococcal lipoproteins are involved in cytotoxicity, as we observed that cytotoxicity induced by the lipoprotein-deficient S. gordonii mutant was less potent than that by the wild-type and was attenuated by anti-TLR2-neutralizing antibody. Indeed, lipoproteins purified from S. gordonii alone were sufficient to induce cytotoxicity. Notably, S. gordonii lipoproteins did not induce H2O2 or ROS but cooperatively induced cell death when co-treated with H2O2. Taken together, these results suggest that most oral streptococci except S. mutans efficiently induce damage to human PDL cells by inducing apoptotic cell death with bacterial H2O2 and lipoproteins, which might contribute to the progression of oral infectious diseases such as apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A Reum Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ju So
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Usui M, Onizuka S, Sato T, Kokabu S, Ariyoshi W, Nakashima K. Mechanism of alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis - Periodontal bacteria and inflammation. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:201-208. [PMID: 34703508 PMCID: PMC8524191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria, which eventually leads to bone tissue (alveolar bone) destruction as inflammation persists. Periodontal tissues have an immune system against the invasion of these bacteria, however, due to the persistent infection by periodontopathogenic bacteria, the host innate and acquired immunity is impaired, and tissue destruction, including bone tissue destruction, occurs. Osteoclasts are essential for bone destruction. Osteoclast progenitor cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into osteoclasts. In addition, bone loss occurs when bone resorption by osteoclasts exceeds bone formation by osteoblasts. In inflammatory bone disease, inflammatory cytokines act on osteoblasts and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-producing cells, resulting in osteoclast differentiation and activation. In addition to this mechanism, pathogenic factors of periodontal bacteria and mechanical stress activate osteoclasts and destruct alveolar bone in periodontitis. In this review, we focused on the mechanism of osteoclast activation in periodontitis and provide an overview based on the latest findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Satoru Onizuka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongou, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infection and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
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Zhao C, Chen Q, Yu S, Xu C, Li X, Zhang C, Gao L. Effect of interleukin-22 on osteogenic differentiation and the osteoclastogenic response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1085-1097. [PMID: 31950496 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-22 (IL-22) exerts extensive biological effects, playing both protective and pathological roles in autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, the specific role and mechanism of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible roles of IL-22 in the osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis of periodontitis. METHODS Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) were treated with IL-22 and/or lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS), and the mRNA and protein expression of RANKL and OPG were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Western blotting was also used to examine the phosphorylated and total protein expression of MAPK signaling molecules. The role of the MAPK pathway in osteoclastogenesis marker expression was further confirmed by inhibition assays. For osteogenic assays, the mRNA expression of osteoblastic markers was quantified by qRT-PCR, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hPDLFs was measured by an ALP assay, and the mineralized nodules formed by hPDLFs were determined by Alizarin Red S staining. RESULTS IL-22 promoted the expression of RANKL in hPDLFs via the MAPK signaling pathway and further upregulated RANKL expression together with Pg-LPS via the p38 MAPK pathway. IL-22 could enhance the ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation of hPDLFs in the early period of osteogenic induction, while exhibiting no profound effect on the expression of osteoblastic markers. CONCLUSION IL-22 plays regulatory roles in bone homeostasis, and it is likely to contribute to osteoclastogenesis as a proinflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenrong Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiting Li
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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The Connection of Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Oxidative Stress. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease considered by the World Health Organization to be an epidemic, is now recognized as one of the factors behind the onset of periodontal disease. The connection between periodontal disease, which is an irreversible inflammatory disease of the supporting tissue of the teeth, and systemic diseases is reflected in the existence of common risk factors, subgingival dental biofilm, as a constant source of proinflamma-tory cytokines synthesized intensely in inflammatory periodontium. Diabetes mellitus leads to increased oxidative stress in periodontal tissues causing worsening of the disease and periodontopathy exacerbates deficiency of pancreatic β-cells. The most important role in primary inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of periodontopathy is played by neutrophils. Neutrophils cause periodontium destruction by the release of enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases), cytotoxic substances (free radicals, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) and the expression of membrane receptors. Matrix metalloproteinases within the “protease network” are critical to many physiological and pathological processes, including immunity, inflammation, bone resorption and wound healing. Matrix metalloproteinases levels are elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, which may contribute to more frequent complications. In this paper, the review of available literature data shows the correlation between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, as well as the role of matrix metalloproteinases and oxidative stress in these. In this regard, determining the value of matrix metalloproteinases may be helpful in the diagnosis of periodontal disease complicated by diabetes mellitus. Also, the parameters of oxidative stress could help to clarify the mechanisms of pathogenesis and etiology of periodontal disease, or indicate the potential benefit of antioxidant supplementation in these individuals. As the role of matrix metalloproteinases has not been fully clarified in the pathogenesis of periodontopathy, additional studies will be needed to indicate their importance.
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Lopes MP, Cruz ÁA, Xavier MT, Stöcker A, Carvalho-Filho P, Miranda PM, Meyer RJ, Soledade KR, Gomes-Filho IS, Trindade SC. Prevotella intermedia and periodontitis are associated with severe asthma. J Periodontol 2019; 91:46-54. [PMID: 31342509 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of multibacterial etiology that affects the protective and supporting tissues surrounding teeth, can influence the course of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, due to epithelial alterations arising from inflammatory and immunological processes, bronchial remodeling, or by the aspiration of pathogenic colonizers found in periodontal pockets. This study evaluated the levels of periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with and without severe asthma. METHODS A case-control study enrolling 457 individuals (220 with asthma and 237 without asthma) was conducted at the Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR) Clinic located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle habits. A clinical periodontal assessment was performed, including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Subgingival biofilm was collected at the deepest site of each sextant, and bacterial DNA was extracted. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to detect and relatively quantify periodontopathogens in the biofilm. RESULTS Statistically significant positive associations were found between periodontitis and severe asthma, (odds ratio [OR]adjusted] : 4.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26 to 7.10). High levels of P. intermedia were found in association with the presence of severe asthma (ORadjusted : 2.64; 95% CI: 1.62 to 4.39; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that periodontitis and P. intermedia are associated with severe asthma. However, the functional consequences of this dysbiosis upon asthma susceptibility and its phenotypes remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel P Lopes
- Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Álvaro A Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Márcia T Xavier
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Andreas Stöcker
- Universitary Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto J Meyer
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Kaliane R Soledade
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Isaac S Gomes-Filho
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Soraya C Trindade
- Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Brazil
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Boșca AB, Ilea A, Sorițău O, Tatomir C, Miklášová N, Pârvu AE, Mihu CM, Melincovici CS, Fischer-Fodor E. Modulatory effect of curcumin analogs on the activation of metalloproteinases in human periodontal stem cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:304-312. [PMID: 31270880 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis progresses due to increased levels of active metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the imbalance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Natural curcumin limits the lytic activity of MMPs but has low cellular uptake. Use of synthetic curcumin analogs could be a means of overcoming this limitation of treatment efficiency. Human periodontal stem cells were isolated from gingival tissue, gingival ligament fibers, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The effect of five synthetic curcumin analogs was compared with that of natural curcumin by assessing cytotoxicity [by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay], the cellular uptake (by fluorometry), the proteolytic activities of MMP-2 and -9 (by zymography), and the levels of TIMP-1 (by ELISA). Our results indicated increased cytotoxicity of synthetic curcumins for doses between 100 and 250 μM. At a concentration of 10 μM, cellular uptake of synthetic curcumins varied depending on their chemical structure. The curcumin compounds modulated pro-MMP-2 levels and increased TIMP-1 production. There was no detectable synthesis of pro-MMP-9 and no activation of MMPs 2 and 9. Gingival tissue and gingival ligament fiber stem cells were most responsive to treatment, showing inverse correlations between pro-MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels. In conclusion, synthetic curcumins influenced the balance between pro-MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in human periodontal stem cells in vitro, and this could open perspectives for their application as adjuvants in periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina B Boșca
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Sorițău
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Tatomir
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Natalia Miklášová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alina E Pârvu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen M Mihu
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen S Melincovici
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Medfuture Research Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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10
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Oral pathogenesis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:303-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Franco C, Patricia HR, Timo S, Claudia B, Marcela H. Matrix Metalloproteinases as Regulators of Periodontal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020440. [PMID: 28218665 PMCID: PMC5343974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis are infectious diseases characterized by immune-mediated destruction of periodontal supporting tissues and tooth loss. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key proteases involved in destructive periodontal diseases. The study and interest in MMP has been fuelled by emerging evidence demonstrating the broad spectrum of molecules that can be cleaved by them and the myriad of biological processes that they can potentially regulate. The huge complexity of MMP functions within the 'protease web' is crucial for many physiologic and pathologic processes, including immunity, inflammation, bone resorption, and wound healing. Evidence points out that MMPs assemble in activation cascades and besides their classical extracellular matrix substrates, they cleave several signalling molecules-such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, among others-regulating their biological functions and/or bioavailability during periodontal diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of emerging evidence of MMPs as regulators of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavalla Franco
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru, São Paulo 17012-901, Brazil.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Hernández-Ríos Patricia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
| | - Sorsa Timo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14183, Sweden.
| | - Biguetti Claudia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru, São Paulo 17012-901, Brazil.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Hernández Marcela
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile.
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12
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Suzuki JI, Sato H, Kaneko M, Yoshida A, Aoyama N, Akimoto S, Wakayama K, Kumagai H, Ikeda Y, Akazawa H, Izumi Y, Isobe M, Komuro I. Periodontitis and myocardial hypertrophy. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:324-328. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Bozkurt SB, Hakki SS, Hakki EE, Durak Y, Kantarci A. Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Induces a Pro-inflammatory Human Gingival Fibroblast Phenotype. Inflammation 2016; 40:144-153. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Manokawinchoke J, Sumrejkanchanakij P, Subbalekha K, Pavasant P, Osathanon T. Jagged1 inhibits osteoprotegerin expression by human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:789-799. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Manokawinchoke
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Sumrejkanchanakij
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - K. Subbalekha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T. Osathanon
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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15
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Osorio C, Cavalla F, Paula-Lima A, Díaz-Araya G, Vernal R, Ahumada P, Gamonal J, Hernández M. H2 O2 activates matrix metalloproteinases through the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and Ca(2+) signals in human periodontal fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:798-806. [PMID: 25824649 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated periodontal tissue breakdown are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of H2 O2 in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, and the involvement of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and Ca(2+) -mediated signals in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary cultures were characterized for their phenotype and exposed for 24 h to sublethal doses (2.5-10 μm) of H2 O2 or control media. NFκB involvement was evaluated through immunofluorescence of p65 subunit, using the NFκB blocking peptide SN50 and catalase. Ca(2+) signals were analyzed by loading the cells with Fluo4-AM and recording the fluorescence changes in a confocal microscope before and after the addition of H2 O2 . 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl was used to chelate intracellular Ca(2+) . The activity and levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed by gelatin zymogram and densitometric scanning, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed with stata V11.1 software using the ANOVA test. RESULTS H2 O2 at concentrations of 2.5-5 μm induced Ca(2+) signaling and NFκB subunit p65 nuclear translocation, whereas catalase, SN50 and BAPTA-AM prevented p65 nuclear translocation. H2 O2 at 2.5-5 μm significantly increased MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity, while SN50 resulted in lower MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity rates compared with controls. CONCLUSION Sublethal H2 O2 induces Ca(2+) -dependent NFκB signaling with an increase in MMP gelatinolytic activity in human periodontal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Osorio
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Paula-Lima
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Díaz-Araya
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Ahumada
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Gamonal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Di Nisio C, Zizzari VL, Zara S, Falconi M, Teti G, Tetè G, Nori A, Zavaglia V, Cataldi A. RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathways in necrotic jaw bone from bisphosphonate-treated subjects. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2455. [PMID: 25820558 PMCID: PMC4378212 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a chronic complication affecting long-term bisphosphonate-treated subjects, recognized by non-healing exposed bone in the maxillofacial region. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying ONJ has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway and, in parallel, to evaluate angiogenic and matrix mineralization processes in jaw bone necrotic samples obtained from bisphosphonate-treated subjects with established ONJ. Necrotic bone samples and native bone samples were processed for Light and Field Emission in Lens Scanning Electron Microscope (FEISEM) analyses, for Real-Time RT-PCR to evaluate the gene expression of TNFRSF11A (RANK), TNFSF11 (RANKL), and TNFSF11B (OPG) and for immunohistochemical analyses of VEGF and BSP expression. Morphological analyses performed by Light microscope and FEISEM show empty osteocytic lacunae and alteration of lamellar organization with degradation of the mineralized bone matrix in necrotic bone samples. A significant increase in TNFRSF11A, TNFSF11, TRAF6 and NFAT2 gene expression, and a reduction of TNFSF11B gene transcription level compared is also showed in necrotic bone compared to control samples. No significant difference of VEGF expression is evidenced, while lower BSP expression in necrotic bone compared to healthy samples is found. Even if the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-associated ONJ remains unknown, a link between oral pathogens and its development seems to exist. We suppose lipopolysaccharide produced by bacteria colonizing and infecting necrotic bone and the surrounding viable area could trigger RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway and, in this context, osteoclasts activation could be considered as a protective strategy carried out by the host bone tissue to delimitate the necrotic area and to counteract infection.
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17
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Lee DE, Kim JH, Choi SH, Cha JH, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. Periodontitis mainly increases osteoclast formation via enhancing the differentiation of quiescent osteoclast precursors into osteoclasts. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:256-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.-E. Lee
- Department of Oral Biology; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science; The Graduate School; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - J.-H. Kim
- Department of Oral Biology; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - S.-H. Choi
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - J.-H. Cha
- Department of Oral Biology; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science; The Graduate School; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - E.-J. Bak
- Oral Cancer Research Institute; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Y.-J. Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science; The Graduate School; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
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18
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Leite FRM, Aquino SGD, Guimarães MR, Cirelli JA, Junior CR. RANKL expression is differentially modulated by TLR2 and TLR4 signaling in fibroblasts and osteoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7243/2053-213x-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Gannon SC, Cantley MD, Haynes DR, Hirsch R, Bartold PM. Azithromycin suppresses human osteoclast formation and activity in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1098-107. [PMID: 23065774 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Azithromycin is an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory properties used as an adjunct to treat periodontitis, a common inflammatory mediated condition featuring pathologic alveolar bone resorption. This study aimed to determine the effect of azithromycin on human osteoclast formation and resorptive activity in vitro. Osteoclasts were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) ligand. The effects of azithromycin at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 40 µg/ml were tested. Osteoclast formation and activity, acidification, actin ring formation and expression of mRNA, and protein encoding for key osteoclast genes were assessed. The results demonstrated that azithromycin reduced osteoclast resorptive activity at all concentrations tested with osteoclast formation being significantly reduced at the higher concentrations (20 and 40 µg/ml). mRNA and protein expression of key osteoclast transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFATc1) was significantly reduced by azithromycin at later stages of osteoclast development (day 17). Azithromycin also reduced tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor-6 (TRAF6) mRNA expression at day 14, and cathepsin K mRNA expression at days 14 and 17. Integrin β3 and MMP-9 mRNA expression was reduced by azithromycin at day 17 in osteoclasts cultured on dentine. The osteoclast proton pump did not appear to be affected by azithromycin, however formation of the actin ring cytoskeleton was inhibited. This study demonstrates that azithromycin inhibits human osteoclast function in vitro, which may account for at least some of the beneficial clinical effects observed with azithromycin treatment in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan C Gannon
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Römer P, Köstler J, Koretsi V, Proff P. Endotoxins potentiate COX-2 and RANKL expression in compressed PDL cells. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17:2041-8. [PMID: 23392729 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to demonstrate in vitro the synergistic effect of orthodontic forces and periodontal pathogens on cyclooxygenase-2 regulation and the subsequent receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) production from periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In comparison to a control group, three experimental groups were formed from human primary PDL cells stressed with compressive forces, bacterial endotoxins, or a combination of both. Gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and RANKL was analysed with RT real-time PCR. The prostaglandin E2 production was determined with ELISA. A co-culture of PDL cells and an osteoclast-progenitor cell line was used in order to demonstrate the osteoclast formation effect caused by the simultaneous combined stress. RESULTS The simultaneous combined stress resulted in a 56-fold up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression with a subsequent noticeable rise in the prostaglandin E2 in the culture medium. The RANKL/osteoprotegerin gene expression ratio was 50-fold up-regulated and the osteoclast formation assay revealed 153.5 ± 15.7 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells per well compared with 42.3 ± 3.8 TRAP-positive cells per well of the control group. CONCLUSION The synergistic action of periodontal pathogens and orthodontic forces leads to an increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 from PDL cells that intensify the RANKL production which in turn induces osteoclast differentiation and subsequent osteoclastogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study puts an emphasis on the detrimental effect of orthodontic forces on patients with an active periodontal disease by underlining the significance of cyclooxygenase-2 activity and RANKL binding on the osteoclastogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Römer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany,
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21
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Maeda H, Wada N, Tomokiyo A, Monnouchi S, Akamine A. Prospective potency of TGF-β1 on maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissue. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:283-367. [PMID: 23809439 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue, central in the periodontium, plays crucial roles in sustaining tooth in the bone socket. Irreparable damages of this tissue provoke tooth loss, causing a decreased quality of life. The question arises as to how PDL tissue is maintained or how the lost PDL tissue can be regenerated. Stem cells included in PDL tissue (PDLSCs) are widely accepted to have the potential to maintain or regenerate the periodontium, but PDLSCs are very few in number. In recent studies, undifferentiated clonal human PDL cell lines were developed to elucidate the applicable potentials of PDLSCs for the periodontal regenerative medicine based on cell-based tissue engineering. In addition, it has been suggested that transforming growth factor-beta 1 is an eligible factor for the maintenance and regeneration of PDL tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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22
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Sekinishi A, Suzuki JI, Aoyama N, Ogawa M, Watanabe R, Kobayashi N, Hanatani T, Ashigaki N, Hirata Y, Nagai R, Izumi Y, Isobe M. Periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans deteriorates pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy in mice. Int Heart J 2012; 53:324-30. [PMID: 23038095 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.53.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although a relationship between periodontitis and myocardial hypertrophy has been reported, the precise mechanism has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between periodontal infection and myocardial hypertrophy. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed. Mice were injected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) (0.1 mL of 10(8) CFU/mL) in the infected group and PBS in the control group. Echocardiography, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Echocardiography indicated that left ventricular fractional shortening had decreased in the infected group compared to the control group on day 28. Heart to body weight ratio increased in the infected group compared to the control group. Histopathologically, A.a.-infected mice showed markedly enhanced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and arteriosclerosis 4 weeks after TAC operation. Immunohistochemistry revealed that expression of MMP-2 in the interstitial tissue was enhanced in the infected group. These results suggested that the periodontal pathogen caused a deterioration of pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy through MMP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Sekinishi
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Arirachakaran P, Apinhasmit W, Paungmalit P, Jeramethakul P, Rerkyen P, Mahanonda R. Infection of human gingival fibroblasts with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:964-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Frydman A, Verdugo F, Simonian K, Kar K. Trisomy 21–Associated Aggressive Periodontitis: A Five-Year Follow-Up. Clin Adv Periodontics 2011. [DOI: 10.1902/cap.2011.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Desjardins J, Grenier D. Neutralizing effect of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate on nicotine-induced toxicity and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 secretion in human oral epithelial cells and fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 3:189-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Zheng Y, Huang W, Yoo JG, Ebersole JL, Huang CB. Antibacterial compounds fromSiraitia grosvenoriileaves. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:890-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.490212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Miao D, Fenno JC, Timm JC, Joo NE, Kapila YL. The Treponema denticola chymotrypsin-like protease dentilisin induces matrix metalloproteinase-2-dependent fibronectin fragmentation in periodontal ligament cells. Infect Immun 2011; 79:806-11. [PMID: 21115719 PMCID: PMC3028863 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01001-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a bacterially mediated chronic inflammatory disease that results in destruction of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone that surround and support the dentition. While their precise roles are not well understood, periodontal pathogens, including Treponema denticola, are believed to initiate the destructive inflammatory responses and dysregulation of tissue homeostasis that characterize the disease. These responses are believed to result from both proinflammatory effects of acylated bacterial membrane components (lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins) and degradative effects of secreted bacterial proteases. Host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes both in tissue homeostasis and tissue destruction. MMP expression is modulated in part by specific proteolytic fragments of fibronectin (FN), which are associated with periodontal disease. FN is a predominant extracellular matrix component in the periodontium. We examined the ability of Treponema denticola and its acylated outer membrane PrtP protease complex to induce both activation of MMP-2 and generation of FN fragments in human PDL cell culture supernatants. T. denticola parent and isogenic mutant strains, as well as MMP-2 small interfering RNA and specific inhibitors of MMP-2 and PrtP activity, were used to examine protein expression, gelatinolytic activity, and FN fragmentation in culture supernatants. T. denticola and its purified protease induced both MMP-2 activation and FN fragmentation. Here, we demonstrate that PrtP proteolytic activity induces the activation of MMP-2 and that active MMP-2 is required for FN fragmentation. These results suggest a specific mechanism by which the T. denticola protease may disrupt homeostatic processes required for the maintenance of periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Miao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China 610041
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China 610041
| | - John C. Timm
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China 610041
| | - Nam Eok Joo
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China 610041
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China 610041
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Kajiya M, Giro G, Taubman MA, Han X, Mayer MPA, Kawai T. Role of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in RANKL-mediated bone destruction in periodontal disease. J Oral Microbiol 2010; 2. [PMID: 21523224 PMCID: PMC3084575 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v2i0.5532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated lines of evidence suggest that hyperimmune responses to periodontal bacteria result in the destruction of periodontal connective tissue and alveolar bone. The etiological roles of periodontal bacteria in the onset and progression of periodontal disease (PD) are well documented. However, the mechanism underlying the engagement of periodontal bacteria in RANKL-mediated alveolar bone resorption remains unclear. Therefore, this review article addresses three critical subjects. First, we discuss earlier studies of immune intervention, ultimately leading to the identification of bacteria-reactive lymphocytes as the cellular source of osteoclast-induction factor lymphokine (now called RANKL) in the context of periodontal bone resorption. Next, we consider (1) the effects of periodontal bacteria on RANKL production from a variety of adaptive immune effector cells, as well as fibroblasts, in inflamed periodontal tissue and (2) the bifunctional roles (upregulation vs. downregulation) of LPS produced from periodontal bacteria in a RANKL-induced osteoclast-signal pathway. Future studies in these two areas could lead to new therapeutic approaches for the management of PD by down-modulating RANKL production and/or RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in the context of host immune responses against periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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KRAJEWSKI ANNAC, BIESSEI JANINE, KUNZE MELANIE, MAERSCH S, PERABO LUCA, NOACK MICHAELJ. Influence of lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-6 on RANKL and OPG expression and release in human periodontal ligament cells. APMIS 2009; 117:746-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Repeke CE, Trombone APF, Ferreira SB, Cardoso CR, Silveira EM, Martins W, Trevilatto PC, Silva JS, Campanelli AP, Garlet GP. Strong and persistent microbial and inflammatory stimuli overcome the genetic predisposition to higher matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression: a mechanistic explanation for the lack of association of MMP1-1607 single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes with MMP-1 expression in chronic periodontitis lesions. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:726-38. [PMID: 19659894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our objective was to evaluate the association between the MMP1-1607 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), periodontopathogens and inflammatory cytokines with matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) mRNA levels in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated the influence of genetic (MMP1-1607 SNP), microbial (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and inflammatory [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)] factors on the determination of MMP-1 mRNA levels in periodontal tissues of non-smoker chronic periodontitis (CP, N=178) and control (C, N=190) groups. The effects of single and repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cytokine stimulation of macrophages with distinct MMP1-1607 SNP genotypes were also investigated. RESULTS In healthy tissues, the MMP1-1607 2G allele was associated with higher MMP-1 levels while in CP MMP-1 levels were associated with the presence and load of periodontopathogens, and also with TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression irrespective of the MMP1-1607 genotype. In vitro data demonstrate that in 2G macrophages low- and intermediate-dose LPS and TNF-alpha+IL-1beta stimulation was associated with increased MMP-1 expression, while strong and repeated stimulation resulted in higher MMP-1 levels irrespective of the MMP1-1607 genotype. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a limited role for MMP1-1607 SNP in periodontitis, where the extensive chronic antigenic challenge exposure overcomes the genetic control and plays a major role in the determination of MMP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Repeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University - FOB/USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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31
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Bodet C, La VD, Epifano F, Grenier D. Naringenin has anti-inflammatory properties in macrophage and ex vivo human whole-blood models. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:400-7. [PMID: 18503517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of bacterial etiology, affecting tooth-supporting tissues. The host inflammatory response to periodontopathogens, notably the high and continuous production of cytokines, is considered a major factor causing the local tissue destruction observed in periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of naringenin, a major flavanone in grapefruits and tomatoes, on the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by host cells, using two different models. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of naringenin was characterized using macrophages stimulated with the lipopolysaccharide of either Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or Escherichia coli and using whole blood stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide, in the presence or absence of naringenin. Lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages and whole-blood samples treated with naringenin were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Changes in the phosphorylation states of macrophage kinases induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide and naringenin were characterized by immunoblot screening. RESULTS Our results clearly indicated that naringenin is a potent inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory cytokine response induced by lipopolysaccharide in both macrophages and in whole blood. Naringenin markedly inhibited the phosphorylation on serines 63 and 73 of Jun proto-oncogene-encoded AP-1 transcription factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSION The results from the present study suggest that naringenin holds promise as a therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bodet
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
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Bodet C, La VD, Gafner S, Bergeron C, Grenier D. A Licorice Extract Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Macrophages and Whole Blood. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1752-61. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.080052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rhamnus alpinus Leaf Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced, Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Chemokine Secretion. Inflammation 2008; 31:313-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-008-9080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Adamo V, Caristi N, Maugeri Saccà M, Ferraro G, Arcanà C, Maisano R, Santini D, Tonini G. Current knowledge and future directions on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:1351-61. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.8.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rossa C, Liu M, Kirkwood KL. A dominant function of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand expression and osteoclastogenesis induction by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:201-11. [PMID: 18302623 PMCID: PMC3086662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria is one of the microbial-associated molecular patterns that initiate the immune/inflammatory response, leading to the tissue destruction observed in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) expression by murine periodontal ligament cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin mRNA was studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The biochemical inhibitor SB203580 was used to evaluate the contribution of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to lipopolysaccharide-induced RANKL and osteoprotegerin expression. Stable cell lines expressing dominant-negative forms of MAPK kinase (MKK)-3 and MKK6 were generated to confirm the role of the p38 MAPK pathway. An osteoclastogenesis assay using a coculture model of the murine monocytic cell line RAW 264.7 was used to determine if osteoclast differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated periodontal ligament was correlated with RANKL expression. RESULTS Inhibiting p38 MAPK prior to lipopolysaccharide stimulation resulted in a significant decrease of RANKL mRNA expression. Osteoprotegerin mRNA expression was not affected by lipopolysaccharide or p38 MAPK. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated periodontal ligament cells increased osteoclast differentiation, an effect that was completely blocked by osteoprotegerin and significantly decreased by inhibition of MKK3 and MKK6, upstream activators of p38 MAPK. Conditioned medium from murine periodontal ligament cultures did not increase osteoclast differentiation, indicating that periodontal ligament cells produced membrane-bound RANKL. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide resulted in a significant increase of RANKL in periodontal ligament cells. The p38 MAPK pathway is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced membrane-bound RANKL expression in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keith L. Kirkwood
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Bertoldo F, Santini D, Lo Cascio V. Bisphosphonates and osteomyelitis of the jaw: a pathogenic puzzle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:711-21. [PMID: 18037875 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The maxillary and mandibular bones undergo high-turnover remodeling to maintain mechanical competence. Common dental or periodontal diseases can increase local bone turnover. Bisphosphonates (BPs) accumulate almost exclusively in skeletal sites that have active bone remodeling. The maxillary and mandibular bones are preferential sites for accumulation of BPs, which become buried under new layers of bone and remain biologically inactive for a long time. Surgical odontostomatological procedures create open bony wounds that heal quickly and without infection, as a result of activation of osteoclasts and subsequently osteoblasts. Once BPs are removed from the bone via activation of osteoclasts after a tooth extraction or a periodontal procedure, they induce osteoclast apoptosis. This inhibition of osteoclast bone resorption impairs bone wound healing because of decreased production of cytokines derived from the bone matrix, and the bone is exposed to the risk of osteomyelitis and necrosis. The pathogenic relationship between BPs and osteonecrosis of the jaw is unclear, but there is evidence to indicate an association between high-dose BP treatment and exposure to dental infections or oral surgical procedures. A better knowledge of the interactions between BPs and jaw and maxillary bone biology will improve clinical and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertoldo
- Internal Medicine, Bone Mineral Metabolism Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Chen R, Kanzaki H, Chiba M, Nishimura M, Kanzaki R, Igarashi K. Local osteoprotegerin gene transfer to periodontal tissue inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone resorption. J Periodontal Res 2007; 43:237-45. [PMID: 18086145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Osteoclastogenesis is primarily activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and is inhibited by osteoprotegerin (OPG). A previous study demonstrated that local OPG gene transfer to periodontal tissue inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and experimental tooth movement. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that local OPG gene transfer to the periodontium can neutralize RANKL activity induced by lipopolysaccharide injection, thereby inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and diminishing alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven-week-old male Wistar rats received an injection of lipopolysaccharide or phosphate-buffered saline in the palatal gingiva of the upper first molars on both the right and left sides. An inactivated haemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) envelope vector containing a mouse OPG expression plasmid [pcDNA3.1(+)-mOPG] or mock vector was injected periodically into the palatal periodontal tissue of the upper first molars. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide injection induced severe periodontal bone resorption. Local OPG gene transfer induced OPG production, and osteoclastogenesis was inhibited. Local OPG gene transfer significantly decreased alveolar bone resorption. CONCLUSION Osteoprotegerin gene transfer to periodontal tissue inhibited osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption in lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Division of Oral Dysfunction Science, Department of Oral Health and Developmenet Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Wara-aswapati N, Surarit R, Chayasadom A, Boch JA, Pitiphat W. RANKL Upregulation Associated With Periodontitis andPorphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1062-9. [PMID: 17539720 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are critical for homeostatic control of osteoclast activity, suggesting their vital roles in the progression of bone loss in periodontitis. In this study, the expression of RANKL and OPG mRNA and the relationship between these factors and periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal tissue were studied. METHODS Gingival tissue and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 15 patients with chronic periodontitis and 15 periodontally healthy subjects. RNA was extracted from the tissue and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific for RANKL or OPG. Beta-actin was amplified as a control to ensure equal loading. The intensity of RT-PCR products was analyzed by a densitometer in proportion to the intensity of beta-actin. The numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results showed increased levels of RANKL mRNA in chronic periodontitis tissues. The RANKL/OPG expression ratio was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy control group (P = 0.001). Interestingly, the expression of RANKL (r = 0.64; P <0.001), but not OPG (r = -0.24; P = 0.20), was significantly correlated with increased numbers of P. gingivalis. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in only 6.7% of all sites. CONCLUSIONS Chronic periodontitis was associated with RANKL mRNA upregulation and increased RANKL/OPG mRNA expression ratio. In addition, our data showed for the first time to our knowledge an association between upregulated RANKL levels and the number of P. gingivalis in clinically obtained periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawarat Wara-aswapati
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Bodet C, Chandad F, Grenier D. Cranberry components inhibit interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and prostaglandin E production by lipopolysaccharide-activated gingival fibroblasts. Eur J Oral Sci 2007; 115:64-70. [PMID: 17305718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tooth supporting tissues. Gingival fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in periodontal tissues and participate actively in the host inflammatory response to periodontopathogens, which is known to mediate local tissue destruction in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a proanthocyanidin-enriched cranberry fraction, prepared from cranberry juice concentrate, on inflammatory mediator production by gingival fibroblasts stimulated by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production by fibroblasts treated with the cranberry fraction and stimulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Changes induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS and the cranberry fraction in the expression and phosphorylation state of fibroblast intracellular signaling proteins were characterized by antibody microarrays. The LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, and PGE(2) responses of gingival fibroblasts were inhibited by treatment with the cranberry fraction. This fraction was found to inhibit fibroblast intracellular signaling proteins, a phenomenon that may lead to a down-regulation of activating protein-1 activity. Cranberry components also reduced cyclooxygenase 2 expression. This study suggests that cranberry juice contains molecules with interesting properties for the development of new host-modulating therapeutic strategies in the adjunctive treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bodet
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Bodet C, Chandad F, Grenier D. Inhibition of host extracellular matrix destructive enzyme production and activity by a high-molecular-weight cranberry fraction. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:159-68. [PMID: 17305875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory disorders that are initiated by specific gram-negative bacteria and lead to connective tissue destruction. Proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and elastase, produced by resident and inflammatory cells in response to periodontopathogens and their products, play a major role in gingival tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high-molecular-weight fraction prepared from cranberry juice concentrate on MMP-3, MMP-9 and elastase activities, as well as on MMP production by human cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. MATERIAL AND METHODS MMP-3 and MMP-9 production by gingival fibroblasts and macrophages treated with the cranberry fraction and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MMP-3, MMP-9 and elastase activities in the presence of the cranberry fraction were evaluated using colorimetric or fluorogenic substrates. The changes in expression and phosphorylation state of fibroblast intracellular signaling proteins induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide and the cranberry fraction were characterized by antibody microarrays. RESULTS The lipopolysaccharide-induced MMP-3 and MMP-9 responses of fibroblasts and macrophages were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the cranberry fraction. This fraction was found to inhibit fibroblast intracellular signaling proteins, a phenomenon that may lead to a down-regulation of activating protein-1 activity. MMP-3, MMP-9 and elastase activities were also efficiently inhibited by the cranberry fraction, even when it was used at low concentrations. CONCLUSION These results suggest that cranberry compounds offer promising perspectives for the development of novel host-modulating strategies for an adjunctive treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bodet
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Nagasawa T, Kiji M, Yashiro R, Hormdee D, Lu H, Kunze M, Suda T, Koshy G, Kobayashi H, Oda S, Nitta H, Ishikawa I. Roles of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin in periodontal health and disease. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43:65-84. [PMID: 17214836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Nagasawa
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Chapple ILC, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43:160-232. [PMID: 17214840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain L C Chapple
- Unit of Periodontology, The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
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Bodet C, Andrian E, Tanabe SI, Grenier D. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide regulates matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase, and plasminogen activator production by human gingival fibroblasts: A potential role in connective tissue destructio. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:189-94. [PMID: 17299802 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts, a major constituent of gingival connective tissue, can produce immunoregulatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes that may contribute to tissue destruction. In this study, we evaluated the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), and plasminogen activators by gingival fibroblasts stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) produced by periodontopathogens, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, changes in the expression and phosphorylation state of fibroblast intracellular signaling proteins induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS were characterized using antibody microarrays. We showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS induced the production of a 50 kDa plasminogen activator, MMP-2 and, to a lesser extent, MMP-3 by fibroblasts. The stimulation of fibroblasts with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS also resulted in the overproduction of TIMP-1, but had no effect on the production of TIMP-2. Comparable responses were also obtained with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum LPS. The results of the microarray analyses showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS induced changes in the phosphorylation state and expression of gingival fibroblast intracellular signaling proteins. More specifically, they suggested that A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS may induce both Jun N-terminus protein-serine kinases (JNK) and mitogen-activated protein-serine kinase p38 alpha (p38alpha MAPK) pathway activation, leading to increased activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFkappaB) activities, which in turn can stimulate MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-1, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) expression. This may contribute to periodontal connective tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bodet
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Division of Periodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Cantarella G, Cantarella R, Caltabiano M, Risuglia N, Bernardini R, Leonardi R. Levels of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in human gingival crevicular fluid during initial tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 130:568.e11-6. [PMID: 17110252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During orthodontic treatment, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress involves several metabolic changes that allow tooth movement. Many studies have evaluated these modifications through the analysis of various metabolites released into gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 in the GCF of human teeth exposed to orthodontic force on both the tension and compression sides in the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS GCF samples were obtained from 11 healthy orthodontic patients (8 girls, 3 boys; age, 13-15 years; mean, 13.9 years) who needed their 4 first premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. In each patient, the left maxillary canine having the fixed orthodontic appliance was used as the test tooth, and its antagonist, with no appliance, was the control tooth. Orthodontic force was applied by using a Sentalloy coil-spring (GAC International, Bohemia, NY) of 150 g. The GCF sampling on the mesiobuccal and distobuccal aspects of each experimental and control tooth was performed at specific times up to 8 hours with paper strips. Processing was carried out with western blot analysis to detect MMP-1 and MMP-2 levels on the compression and tension sides. RESULTS Compression force induced a significant increase of MMP-1 protein after 1 hour; the increase lasted until the third hour of force application and disappeared thereafter. The tension force induced significantly increased levels of the MMP-1 protein after just 1 hour of force application. MMP-2 protein was induced by compression and increased significantly in a time-dependent fashion, reaching a peak after 8 hours of force application. On the tension side, MMP-2 was significantly increased after 1 hour but gradually returned to basal levels within 8 hours. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic forces affect both MMP-1 and MMP-2 protein levels on the compression and the tension sides, although to different extents, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-2 protein levels change in a time-dependent fashion.
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Yongchaitrakul T, Lertsirirangson K, Pavasant P. Human periodontal ligament cells secrete macrophage colony-stimulating factor in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitro. J Periodontol 2006; 77:955-62. [PMID: 16734568 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells may support osteoclastogenesis by expressing receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in response to periopathogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines. Because osteoclastogenesis requires the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), we examined whether HPDL cells secrete M-CSF in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). METHODS Cultured HPDL cells were treated with TNF-alpha in serum-free condition. The expression of M-CSF and RANKL was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inhibitors and anti-TNF receptor (TNFR) neutralizing antibodies were used for the inhibitory experiments. A migration assay was performed. RESULTS TNF-alpha upregulated M-CSF and RANKL in HPDL cells. The effect on M-CSF expression could be partially blocked by pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate ammonium salt and LY294002 but not by NS398. Neutralizing antibody to TNFR1 could diminish the effect of TNF-alpha. In addition, TNF-treated culture medium exhibited chemotactic effect for RAW264.7. CONCLUSIONS HPDL cells are capable of secreting M-CSF and expressing RANKL in response to TNF-alpha. The upregulation of M-CSF is possibly one of the mechanisms essential for periodontal tissue destruction in response to inflammatory cytokines. The upregulation is partly through nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and possibly involves TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tussanee Yongchaitrakul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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