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Cai R, Liu Y, Wang X, Wei H, Wang J, Cao Y, Lei J, Li D. Influences of standardized clinical probing on peri-implant soft tissue seal in a situation of peri-implant mucositis: A histomorphometric study in dogs. J Periodontol 2024; 95:233-243. [PMID: 37515595 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical probing is commonly recommended to evaluate peri-implant conditions. In a situation of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis, the peri-implant seal healing from the disruption of soft tissue caused by probing has not yet been studied. This study aimed to investigate soft tissue healing after standardized clinical probing around osseointegrated implants with peri-implant mucositis in a dog model. METHODS Three transmucosal implants in each hemi-mandible of six dogs randomly assigned to the peri-implant healthy group or peri-implant mucositis group were probed randomly in the mesial or distal site as probing groups (PH or PM), the cross-sectional opposite sites as unprobed control groups. Histomorphometric measurements of implant shoulder (IS)-most coronal level of alveolar bone contact to the implant surface (BCI), apical termination of the junctional epithelium (aJE)-BCI, mucosal margin (MM)-BCI, and MM-aJE were performed at 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after probing. Apoptosis, proliferation, proinflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of peri-implant soft tissue were estimated by immunofluorescent analysis. RESULTS In the PM group, apical migration of junctional epithelium was revealed by significantly decreased aJE-BCI from 1 day to 2 weeks in comparison to unprobed sites (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found in the PH group. Immunofluorescent analysis showed higher levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MMP-1, and MMP-8, together with exaggerated apoptosis and proliferation of peri-implant soft tissue in the PM group. CONCLUSION Within the limitations, standardized clinical probing might lead to apical migration of the junctional epithelium in a situation of peri-implant mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanze Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Zhao Y, Li D, Bai X, Luo M, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Ma F, Yang GY. Improved thermostability of proteinase K and recognizing the synergistic effect of Rosetta and FoldX approaches. Protein Eng Des Sel 2021; 34:6404066. [PMID: 34671809 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase K (PRK) is a proteolytic enzyme that has been widely used in industrial applications. However, poor stability has severely limited the uses of PRK. In this work, we used two structure-guided rational design methods, Rosetta and FoldX, to modify PRK thermostability. Fifty-two single amino acid conversion mutants were constructed based on software predictions of residues that could affect protein stability. Experimental characterization revealed that 46% (21 mutants) exhibited enhanced thermostability. The top four variants, D260V, T4Y, S216Q, and S219Q, showed improved half-lives at 69°C by 12.4-, 2.6-, 2.3-, and 2.2-fold that of the parent enzyme, respectively. We also found that selecting mutations predicted by both methods could increase the predictive accuracy over that of either method alone, with 73% of the shared predicted mutations resulting in higher thermostability. In addition to providing promising new variants of PRK in industrial applications, our findings also show that combining these programs may synergistically improve their predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Daixi Li
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Manjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Ma
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Keling Rd., Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Kobayashi T, Maruyama T, Yoneda T, Miyai H, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Morita M. Effects of Coffee Intake on Oxidative Stress During Aging-related Alterations in Periodontal Tissue. In Vivo 2020; 34:615-622. [PMID: 32111761 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-aging effects of coffee intake on oxidative stress in rat periodontal tissue and alveolar bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Fischer 344 rats (8 weeks old) were randomized to four groups; the baseline group immediately sacrificed, the control group fed with normal powdered food for 8 weeks, and the experimental groups fed with powdered food containing 0.62% or 1.36% coffee components for 8 weeks. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss and gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were significantly lower in the 1.36% coffee group than in the control group. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 translocation to the nucleus was significantly higher in the 1.36% coffee group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Continuous intake of 1.36% coffee could prevent age-related oxidative stress in the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone loss, possibly by up-regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Maruyama
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hisataka Miyai
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Pillusky FM, Barcelos RCS, Vey LT, Barin LM, de Mello Palma V, Maciel RM, Kantorski KZ, Bürger ME, Danesi CC. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with photosensitizer in ethanol improves oxidative status and gingival collagen in a short-term in periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:119-127. [PMID: 28506773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) effects using the methylene blue (MB) in ethanol 20% on systemic oxidative status and collagen content from gingiva of rats with periodontitis. METHODS Rats were divided into five experimental groups: NC (negative control; no periodontitis); PC (positive control; periodontitis without any treatment); SRP (periodontitis and scaling and root planing), aPDT I (periodontitis and SRP+aPDT+MB solubilized in water), and aPDT II (periodontitis and SRP+aPDT+MB solubilized in ethanol 20%). After 7days of removal of the ligature, the periodontal treatments were performed. At 7/15/30days, gingival tissue was removed for morphometric analysis. The erythrocytes were used to evaluate systemic oxidative status. RESULTS PC group showed higher lipoperoxidation levels at 7/15/30days. aPDT indicated a protective influence in erythrocytes at 15days observed by the elevation in levels of systemic antioxidant defense. aPDT II group was the only one that restored the total collagen area in 15days, and recovered the type I collagen area at the same time point. CONCLUSIONS aPDT as an adjunct to the SRP can induce the systemic protective response against oxidative stress periodontitis-induced and recover the gingival collagen, thus promoting the healing periodontal, particularly when the MB is dissolved in ethanol 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Maia Pillusky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas, Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto, 1184, Centro, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Cristine Silva Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Taschetto Vey
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luisa Machado Barin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas, Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto, 1184, Centro, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Victor de Mello Palma
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Marinho Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas, Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto, 1184, Centro, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Karla Zanini Kantorski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas, Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto, 1184, Centro, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Estomatologia, Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto, 1184, Centro, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Escobar Bürger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Cademartori Danesi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas, Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto, 1184, Centro, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Saita M, Kaneko J, Sato T, Takahashi SS, Wada-Takahashi S, Kawamata R, Sakurai T, Lee MCI, Hamada N, Kimoto K, Nagasaki Y. Novel antioxidative nanotherapeutics in a rat periodontitis model: Reactive oxygen species scavenging by redox injectable gel suppresses alveolar bone resorption. Biomaterials 2016; 76:292-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tancharoen S, Matsuyama T, Kawahara KI, Tanaka K, Lee LJ, Machigashira M, Noguchi K, Ito T, Imamura T, Potempa J, Kikuchi K, Maruyama I. Cleavage of host cytokeratin-6 by lysine-specific gingipain induces gingival inflammation in periodontitis patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117775. [PMID: 25688865 PMCID: PMC4331500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Lysine-specific gingipain (Kgp) is a virulence factor secreted from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major etiological bacterium of periodontal disease. Keratin intermediate filaments maintain the structural integrity of gingival epithelial cells, but are targeted by Kgp to produce a novel cytokeratin 6 fragment (K6F). We investigated the release of K6F and its induction of cytokine secretion. METHODS K6F present in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontal disease patients and in gingipain-treated rat gingival epithelial cell culture supernatants was measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer-based rapid quantitative peptide analysis using BLOTCHIP. K6F in gingival tissues was immunostained, and cytokeratin 6 protein was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Activation of MAPK in gingival epithelial cells was evaluated by immunoblotting. ELISA was used to measure K6F and the cytokines release induced by K6F. Human gingival fibroblast migration was assessed using a Matrigel invasion chamber assay. RESULTS We identified K6F, corresponding to the C-terminus region of human cytokeratin 6 (amino acids 359-378), in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontal disease patients and in the supernatant from gingival epithelial cells cultured with Kgp. K6F antigen was distributed from the basal to the spinous epithelial layers in gingivae from periodontal disease patients. Cytokeratin 6 on gingival epithelial cells was degraded by Kgp, but not by Arg-gingipain, P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide or Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. K6F, but not a scrambled K6F peptide, induced human gingival fibroblast migration and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. These effects of K6F were mediated by activation of p38 MAPK and Jun N-terminal kinase, but not p42/44 MAPK or p-Akt. CONCLUSION Kgp degrades gingival epithelial cell cytokeratin 6 to K6F that, on release, induces invasion and cytokine secretion by human gingival fibroblasts. Thus, Kgp may contribute to the development of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takashi Matsuyama
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ko-ichi Kawahara
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanaka
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Lyang-Ja Lee
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Miho Machigashira
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takahisa Imamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Periodontics, Endodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Fujita T, Yoshimoto T, Matsuda S, Kajiya M, Kittaka M, Imai H, Iwata T, Uchida Y, Shiba H, Kurihara H. Interleukin-8 induces DNA synthesis, migration and down-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 in cultured human gingival epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:479-85. [PMID: 25244101 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Migration of the junctional epithelium occurs in association with the formation of a periodontal pocket. Although the migration of junctional epithelium is known to be related to the proliferation and migration of gingival junctional epithelial cells, the mechanism has not been clarified. In patients with periodontitis, the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in both gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid are dramatically increased. IL-8 has broad bioactive functions. In this study, we examined the role of IL-8 in DNA synthesis, migration and protection against apoptosis in cultured human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC). MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA synthesis was estimated by measuring the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine. The migration of gingival epithelial cells was assessed in a wound-healing assay. The expression of integrin beta-1 was analyzed using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and western blotting. Cleaved caspase-3 was detected using western blotting and a Caspase-Glo assay kit. RESULTS IL-8 increased the synthesis of DNA in HGEC, and the maximal effect was seen at 25 or 50 ng/mL of IL-8. In addition, 50 ng/mL of IL-8 induced cell migration, and a neutralizing antibody of integrin beta-1 inhibited the migration. IL-8 also activated expression of integrin beta-1. Furthermore, IL-8 reduced the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced increase in caspase-3 expression in HGEC. CONCLUSION IL-8 may facilitate the migration of gingival junctional epithelium by enhancing DNA synthesis, migration and preventing apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujita
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Yoshimoto
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Matsuda
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Kajiya
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Kittaka
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Imai
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Uchida
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Shiba
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Kurihara
- Division of Applied Life Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Gulle K, Akpolat M, Kurcer Z, Cengiz MI, Baba F, Acikgoz S. Multi-organ injuries caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal inflammation in rats: role of melatonin. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:736-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Gulle
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - M. Akpolat
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Z. Kurcer
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Health Sciences; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - M. I. Cengiz
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Health Sciences; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - F. Baba
- Department of Pathology; Selcuklu Faculty of Medicine; Selcuk University; Konya Turkey
| | - S. Acikgoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
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Host-bacteria crosstalk at the dentogingival junction. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:821383. [PMID: 22899931 PMCID: PMC3412119 DOI: 10.1155/2012/821383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentogingival junction is of crucial importance in periodontal host defense both structurally and functionally. Oral bacteria exert a constant challenge to the host cells and tissues at the dentogingival junction. The host response is set up to eliminate the pathogens by the innate and adaptive defense mechanisms. In health, the commensal bacteria and the host defense mechanisms are in a dynamic steady state. During periodontal disease progression, the dental bacterial plaque, junctional epithelium (JE), inflammatory cells, connective tissue, and bone all go through a series of changes. The tissue homeostasis is turned into tissue destruction and progression of periodontitis. The classical study of Slots showed that in the bacterial plaque, the most remarkable change is the shift from gram-positive aerobic and facultatively anaerobic flora to a predominantly gram-negative and anaerobic flora. This has been later confirmed by several other studies. Furthermore, not only the shift of the bacterial flora to a more pathogenic one, but also bacterial growth as a biofilm on the tooth surface, allows the bacteria to communicate with each other and exert their virulence aimed at favoring their growth. This paper focuses on host-bacteria crosstalk at the dentogingival junction and the models studying it in vitro.
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Irie K, Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, Yaegaki K, Morita M. Combined Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide and Lipopolysaccharide on Osteoclast Differentiation in Rats. J Periodontol 2012; 83:522-7. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Aoyama I, Yaegaki K, Calenic B, Ii H, Ishkitiev N, Imai T. The role of p53 in an apoptotic process caused by an oral malodorous compound in periodontal tissues: a review. J Breath Res 2012; 6:017104. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/6/1/017104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li JP, Li FYL, Xu A, Cheng B, Tsao SW, Fung ML, Leung WK. Lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2011; 83:816-24. [PMID: 22087807 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that chronic periodontal inflammation causes the accumulation of the transcriptional activator hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vivo. Here, evidence is provided that bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cellular hypoxia, both associated with periodontitis, can individually, or in combination, lead to the accumulation and activation of HIF-1 in HGF in vitro. METHODS Primary gingival fibroblasts were cultured from human gingival biopsies. HIF-1α peptide from HGFs treated with Escherichia coli LPS under normoxia or hypoxia was detected by nuclear protein extraction, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunocytofluorescence. HIF-1α transcripts were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The transcript expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), a downstream gene of HIF-1α, were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Two HIF-1α splicing transcription variants were found to be constitutively expressed in HGFs. E. coli LPS induced a dose- and time-dependent nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α peptide in HGFs. This accumulation could be attenuated by treatment with a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-neutralizing antibody. Under hypoxia, LPS further increased HIF-1α accumulation in HGFs. VEGF-A transcript expression was upregulated by LPS under both normoxia and hypoxia but was downregulated by pretreatment with TLR4-neutralizing antibody or the specific HIF-1α inhibitor 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole. CONCLUSION LPS induces the nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α in HGFs and induces HIF-1 biologic activity under normoxia or hypoxia possibly through TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Rd., Hong Kong, China
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Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Irie K, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Maruyama T, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T, Morita M. Relationships between periodontal inflammation, lipid peroxide and oxidative damage of multiple organs in rats. Biomed Res 2011; 32:343-9. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.32.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Phan TCA, Ooi J, Goonewardene MS. A novel molecule, SLURP-1, enhances the survival of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:331-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Calenic B, Yaegaki K, Murata T, Imai T, Aoyama I, Sato T, Ii H. Oral malodorous compound triggers mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and causes genomic DNA damage in human gingival epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:31-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Ekuni D, Yamanaka R, Yamamoto T, Miyauchi M, Takata T, Watanabe T. Effects of mechanical stimulation by a powered toothbrush on the healing of periodontal tissue in a rat model of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:45-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ekuni D, Endo Y, Irie K, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Tomofuji T, Morita M. Imbalance of oxidative/anti-oxidative status induced by periodontitis is involved in apoptosis of rat submandibular glands. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Irie K, Azuma T, Endo Y, Tamaki N, Sanbe T, Murakami J, Yamamoto T, Morita M. Preventive effects of a cocoa-enriched diet on gingival oxidative stress in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1799-808. [PMID: 19905949 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress affects the progression of periodontitis. Cocoa is a rich source of flavonoids with antioxidant properties, which could suppress gingival oxidative stress in periodontal lesions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a cocoa-enriched diet on gingival oxidative stress in a rat-periodontitis model. METHODS In this 4-week study, rats were divided into three groups (n = 8/group): a control group (fed a regular diet) and two periodontitis groups (fed a regular diet or cocoa-enriched diet [10% of food intake]). Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the mandibular first molars. Serum levels for reactive oxygen metabolites were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio were determined to evaluate gingival oxidative damage and antioxidant status, respectively. RESULTS Rats with experimental periodontitis that were fed a regular diet showed an increase in the level of serum reactive oxygen metabolites in a time-dependent manner. These rats also had an increased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level and decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in the gingival tissue, inducing alveolar bone loss and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. Although experimental periodontitis was induced in the rats fed a cocoa-enriched diet, they did not show impairments in serum reactive oxygen metabolite level and gingival levels for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. Alveolar bone loss and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration after ligature placement were also inhibited by cocoa intake. CONCLUSION Consuming a cocoa-enriched diet could diminish periodontitis-induced oxidative stress, which, in turn, might suppress the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Ekuni D, Firth JD, Nayer T, Tomofuji T, Sanbe T, Irie K, Yamamoto T, Oka T, Liu Z, Vielkind J, Putnins EE. Lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial monoamine oxidase mediates alveolar bone loss in a rat chronic wound model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1398-409. [PMID: 19779138 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an antimicrobial response to pathogenic challenge that may, in the case of persistent infection, have deleterious effects on the tissue of origin. A rat periodontal disease model was used to study ROS-induced chronic epithelial inflammation and bone loss. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied for 8 weeks into the gingival sulcus, and histological analysis confirmed the onset of chronic disease. Junctional epithelium was collected from healthy and diseased animals using laser-capture microdissection, and expression microarray analysis was performed. Of 19,730 genes changed in disease, 42 were up-regulated >/=4-fold. Three of the top 10 LPS-induced genes, monoamine oxidase B (MAO/B) and flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and 2, are implicated in ROS signaling. LPS-associated induction of the ROS mediator H(2)O(2), as well as MAO/B and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels were validated in the rat histological sections and a porcine junctional epithelial cell culture model. Topical MAO inhibitors significantly counteracted LPS-associated elevation of H(2)O(2) production and TNF-alpha expression in vivo and in vitro, inhibited disease-associated apical migration and proliferation of junctional epithelium and inhibited induced systemic H(2)O(2) levels and alveolar bone loss in vivo. These results suggest that LPS induces chronic wounds via elevated MAO/B-mediated increases in H(2)O(2) and TNF-alpha activity by epithelial cells and is further associated with more distant effects on systemic oxidative stress and alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Irie K, Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Morita M, Yaegaki K, Ii H, Imai T. A single application of hydrogen sulphide induces a transient osteoclast differentiation with RANKL expression in the rat model. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:723-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Sanbe T, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Irie K, Maruyama T, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T, Miyauchi M, Takata T. Effects of improvement in periodontal inflammation by toothbrushing on serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and liver injury in rats. Acta Odontol Scand 2009; 67:200-5. [PMID: 19301160 DOI: 10.1080/00016350902794818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis increases the serum lipopolysaccharide level, contributing to liver injury. Toothbrushing improves periodontitis and may also affect serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and periodontitis-induced liver injury. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the improvement in periodontal inflammation by toothbrushing clinically affects the serum lipopolysaccharide level and hepatic pathological changes in rat periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, 2 groups receiving topical application of pyrogen-free water to the gingival sulcus for 4 or 8 weeks. The next 2 groups received topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases for 4 or 8 weeks. The last group received topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases for 8 weeks, and the palatal gingiva was brushed with a powered toothbrush once a day for 4 weeks prior to the end of the experimental period. RESULTS Topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases induced not only periodontal inflammation but also an elevation in the serum lipopolysaccharide concentration, with increasing hepatic inflammation, steatosis and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in a time-dependent manner. The rats that received gingival stimulation showed decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and collagen loss levels in the periodontal lesions. Furthermore, this group also showed a decrease in serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and hepatic inflammation, steatosis and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels, compared with the group receiving no treatment. CONCLUSIONS Toothbrushing promoted healing of periodontal lesions, decreased serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and suppressed liver injury in a rat periodontitis model.
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Yamamoto T, Tomofuji T, Tamaki N, Ekuni D, Azuma T, Sanbe T. Effects of topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases on hepatic injury induced by high-cholesterol diet in rats. J Periodontal Res 2009; 45:129-35. [PMID: 19602105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases to the gingival sulcus induced not only periodontal inflammation but also detectable liver changes in rats fed a normal diet. However, these changes in the liver were not sufficient to induce pathological consequences. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether gingival inflammation-induced liver change would have more dramatic pathological consequences in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the effect of the high-cholesterol diet alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. During an 8 week experimental period, two groups were fed a normal diet and the other two were fed a high-cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol (w/w) and 0.5% cholic acid (w/w). Four weeks prior to the end of the experimental period, one of each of the dietary groups received daily topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases to the gingival sulcus, while the other was treated with pyrogen-free water. RESULTS In the rats without application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases, the serum level of hexanoyl-lysine, scores of steatosis and inflammation, and concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet were higher than in those fed a normal diet. In rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, the scores of steatosis and inflammation and the concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the liver of rats with application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases were higher than in those without. CONCLUSION In a rat model, application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases to the gingival sulcus augmented the effect of a high-cholesterol diet on steatosis, inflammation and oxidative damage in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan.
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Oral malodorous compound activates mitochondrial pathway inducing apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 14:367-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tomofuji T, Irie K, Sanbe T, Azuma T, Ekuni D, Tamaki N, Yamamoto T, Morita M. Periodontitis and increase in circulating oxidative stress. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Sanbe T, Irie K, Azuma T, Maruyama T, Tamaki N, Murakami J, Kokeguchi S, Yamamoto T. Effects of vitamin C intake on gingival oxidative stress in rat periodontitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:163-8. [PMID: 18983910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Studies suggest a negative association between plasma vitamin C level and the severity of periodontitis. We hypothesized that increases in plasma vitamin C levels after vitamin C intake might clinically reduce gingival oxidative stress in a rat periodontitis model. A ligature was placed around rat mandibular molars for 4 weeks to induce periodontitis, and the rats were then given drinking water with or without 1 g/L vitamin C for 2 weeks after the ligature was removed. The periodontitis-induced rats showed a 149% increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level and a 40% decrease in reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio in gingival tissue. Vitamin C intake induced a 175% increase in plasma vitamin C level, resulting in an improvement in the gingival 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level (decreased) and in the reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio (increased). Furthermore, in ligature-induced periodontitis lesions, gene expression encoding inflammation, including interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta, was more than twofold down-regulated by vitamin C intake. The results suggest that systemic administration of vitamin C could be clinically beneficial in improving periodontitis-induced oxidative stress by down-regulating inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Oxidative damage of rat liver induced by ligature-induced periodontitis and chronic ethanol consumption. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:1113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Oral malodorous compounds are periodontally pathogenic and carcinogenic. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Yaegaki K, Qian W, Murata T, Imai T, Sato T, Tanaka T, Kamoda T. Oral malodorous compound causes apoptosis and genomic DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:391-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Chamorro MM, Regan JD, Opperman LA, Kramer PR. Effect of storage media on human periodontal ligament cell apoptosis. Dent Traumatol 2008; 24:11-6. [PMID: 18173658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of storage media to preserve periodontal ligament (PDL) cell vitality has been previously evaluated. However, the mechanisms by which different storage conditions alter the functional status of PDL cells have not been determined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate, in vitro, the level of programed cell death or apoptosis in a population of PDL cells following storage under different conditions. Primary human PDL cells were plated into 24-well-culture plates and allowed to attach for 24 h. Cells were then exposed for 1 h to milk, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), Soft Wear contact lens solution or Gatorade at room temperature or on ice. Culture medium was used as a negative control. Apoptosis was evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment on quadruplicate samples by using the ST 160 ApopTag Fluorescein Direct In Situ Detection Kit. The total number of cells and the total number of apoptotic cells were counted. The results indicated that at 24 and 72 h, PDL treated with Gatorade and the contact lens solution displayed the highest percentages of apoptotic cells when compared with the other treatment groups at room temperature. Overall, cells treated on ice showed significantly lower levels of apoptosis when compared with treatments at room temperature. In conclusion, the results indicated that apoptosis plays a major role in cell death in cells treated with Gatorade and contact lens solutions in comparison to other storage solutions and that storage on ice can inhibit programed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica M Chamorro
- Department of Endodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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30
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Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Tamaki N, Sanbe T, Azuma T, Yamanaka R, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T. Mechanical stimulation of gingiva reduces plasma 8-OHdG level in rat periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:324-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Murata T, Yaegaki K, Qian W, Herai M, Calenic B, Imai T, Sato T, Tanaka T, Kamoda T, Ii H. Hydrogen sulfide induces apoptosis in epithelial cells derived from human gingiva. J Breath Res 2008; 2:017007. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/2/1/017007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sanbe T, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Yamamoto T. Oral administration of vitamin C prevents alveolar bone resorption induced by high dietary cholesterol in rats. J Periodontol 2008; 78:2165-70. [PMID: 17970684 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-cholesterol diet stimulates alveolar bone resorption, which may be induced via tissue oxidative damage. Vitamin C reduces tissue oxidative damage by neutralizing free radicals and scavenging hydroxyl radicals, and its antioxidant effect may offer the clinical benefit of preventing alveolar bone resorption in cases of hyperlipidemia. We examined whether vitamin C could suppress alveolar bone resorption in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. METHODS In this 12-week study, rats were divided into four groups: a control group (fed a regular diet) and three experimental groups (fed a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with 0, 1, or 2 g/l vitamin C). Vitamin C was provided by adding it to the drinking water. The bone mineral density of the alveolar bone was analyzed by microcomputerized tomography. As an index of tissue oxidative damage, the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level in the periodontal tissue was determined using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Hyperlipidemia, induced by a high-cholesterol diet, decreased rat alveolar bone density and increased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts. The expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was upregulated in the periodontal tissues. Intake of vitamin C reduced the effect of a high-cholesterol diet on alveolar bone density and osteoclast differentiation and decreased periodontal 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine expression. CONCLUSION In the rat model, vitamin C suppressed alveolar bone resorption, induced by high dietary cholesterol, by decreasing the oxidative damage of periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Sanbe
- Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Kurita-Ochiai T, Seto S, Suzuki N, Yamamoto M, Otsuka K, Abe K, Ochiai K. Butyric Acid Induces Apoptosis in Inflamed Fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2008; 87:51-5. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyric acid, an extracellular metabolite from periodontopathic bacteria, induces apoptosis in murine and human T- and B-cells, whereas intact gingival fibroblasts isolated from healthy humans are resistant to butyric-acid-induced apoptosis. We examined the susceptibility of inflamed gingival fibroblasts isolated from adult persons with periodontitis to butyric-acid-induced apoptosis. Butyric acid significantly suppressed the viability of inflamed gingival fibroblasts and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The incubation of inflamed gingival fibroblasts with butyric acid induced DNA fragmentation and apoptotic changes such as chromatin condensation, hypodiploid nuclei, and mitochondrial injury. Furthermore, butyric-acid-induced apoptosis in inflamed gingival fibroblasts was reduced by caspase-3/7, -6, -8, and -9 inhibitors. Thus, inflamed gingival fibroblasts from adult persons with periodontitis appear to be highly susceptible to mitochondria- and caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by butyric acid, compared with healthy gingival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kurita-Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; and
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - S. Seto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; and
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - N. Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; and
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - M. Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; and
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - K. Otsuka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; and
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - K. Abe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; and
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - K. Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; and
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Yamanaka R, Kusano H, Azuma T, Sanbe T, Tamaki N, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T, Miyauchi M, Takata T. Chronic Administration of Lipopolysaccharide and Proteases Induces Periodontal Inflammation and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1999-2006. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tomofuji T, Sakamoto T, Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T. Location of proliferating gingival cells following toothbrushing stimulation. Oral Dis 2007; 13:77-81. [PMID: 17241434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing promotes healing of gingivitis through accelerating cell proliferation. Junctional epithelium proliferates at periodontal pocket formation. A question is arisen whether toothbrushing contributes to the repair of gingival inflammation or deterioration of pocket formation. The location of proliferating cells in gingiva stimulated mechanically by toothbrushing was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 24 teeth of dogs underwent daily plaque removal with a curette (plaque removal) or both plaque removal and toothbrushing (toothbrushing). Proliferative activity of gingival cells in six individual zones was evaluated by assaying expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS Toothbrushing increased densities of PCNA-positive basal cells in the junctional epithelium, connective tissues adjacent to the junctional epithelium, the alveolar bone of the oral epithelial side and the oral epithelium. However, the densities of PCNA-positive cells at the apical portion of the junctional epithelium, connective tissues adjacent to the cementum and the alveolar bone of the periodontal ligament side did not increase following toothbrushing. CONCLUSIONS Toothbrushing promotes proliferation of gingival cells other than fibroblasts in periodontium and basal cells in the apical portion of the junctional epithelium. The repair of periodontal tissues might be promoted by toothbrushing within the limit of the direct mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomofuji
- Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Tomofuji T, Kusano H, Azuma T, Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T. Effects of a high-cholesterol diet on cell behavior in rat periodontitis. J Dent Res 2006; 84:752-6. [PMID: 16040735 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown an association between periodontitis and serum cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that high dietary cholesterol could influence periodontitis as a result of proliferation of the junctional epithelium. Rats were divided into 4 groups. Two groups were fed a regular diet, and 2 groups were fed a high-cholesterol diet. One of each dietary group was treated with periodontitis-inducing agents (lipopolysaccharide and proteases), while the other was treated with pyrogen-free water. Feeding rats with a high-cholesterol diet induced an increase in blood total cholesterol and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Proliferation of the junctional epithelium with increasing bone resorption was promoted by the consumption of a high-cholesterol diet. High dietary cholesterol further increased the cell-proliferative activity of the junctional epithelium induced by lipopolysaccharide and proteases. These results suggest that high dietary cholesterol can initiate and augment periodontitis in the rat periodontitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomofuji
- Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Ekuni D, Firth JD, Putnins EE. Regulation of epithelial cell growth factor receptor protein and gene expression using a rat periodontitis model. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:340-9. [PMID: 16827730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Regulation of epithelial cell behavior associated with periodontitis is not well elucidated but many responses will ultimately be regulated by growth factor receptors. Using a rat experimental periodontitis model, protein and gene expression of select growth factor receptors in junctional and pocket epithelium were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periodontal disease was induced by daily topical application of lipopolysaccharide using an established protocol. Animals were killed at time 0 (control), and at 2 and 8 wk. Frozen tissue samples were collected from the right palatal gingival soft tissue, and the left periodontal tissues were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Laser microdissection and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene expression, and in situ RT-PCR localized these increases to specific epithelial cells. Receptor protein expression was examined immunohistochemically. In cell culture, induction of HGFR and KGFR protein expression by serum, lipopolysaccharide and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Eight-week tissue samples exhibited histological changes consistent with periodontitis. KGFR and HGFR gene and protein expression were significantly induced at the 8 wk time point. KGFR expression was significantly up-regulated in basal and parabasal pocket epithelial cells, but HGFR was up-regulated throughout the pocket epithelium. In cell culture serum, lipopolysaccharide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha significantly induced KGFR protein receptor expression, but HGFR expression was only induced by serum. CONCLUSION KGFR and HGFR are highly up-regulated in this model of periodontal disease and may play a significant role in regulating the proliferation and migration of pocket epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ekuni
- Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Thammasitboon K, Goldring SR, Boch JA. Role of macrophages in LPS-induced osteoblast and PDL cell apoptosis. Bone 2006; 38:845-52. [PMID: 16377271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In periradicular lesions and periodontal disease, bacterial invasion leads to chronic inflammation resulting in disruption of the structural integrity of the periodontal ligament and progressive alveolar bone destruction. The pathogenesis of these conditions has been attributed not only to bacterial-induced tissue destruction but also to a defect in periodontal tissue repair. Accumulated data have also shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can directly induce cell death or apoptosis in many cell types, including macrophages, osteoblasts, vascular endothelial cells, hepatocytes and myocytes. The present study hypothesized that bacterial LPS-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDL cells) is an important contributing factor to the defect in periodontal tissue repair in periodontal and periapical disease. Macrophages have been shown to respond to bacterial LPS by increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, large numbers of macrophages are present in inflamed periodontal tissue. We speculated that macrophages were a potential candidate cell for mediating apoptosis in osteoblasts and PDL cells in response to bacteria-derived LPS. The macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7, was stimulated with LPS, and the conditioned medium was used to treat osteoblasts and PDL cells. Bacterial LPS had no direct apoptotic effect on mouse osteoblasts or PDL cells, whereas the conditioned medium from LPS-activated macrophages was able to induce apoptosis in these cells. To evaluate the contribution of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) released from macrophages on osteoblast and PDL cell apoptosis, cells were incubated with conditioned medium from LPS-treated macrophages in the presence and absence of anti-TNF-alpha neutralizing antibodies. TNF-alpha neutralizing antibody pretreatment inhibited the effect of conditioned medium from LPS-treated macrophages on osteoblast and PDL cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that LPS could indirectly induce apoptosis in osteoblasts and PDL cells through the induction of TNF-alpha release from macrophages. These studies provide insight into a potential mechanism by which bacterial-derived LPS could contribute to defective periodontal and bone tissue repair in periodontal and periapical disease.
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Tomofuji T, Azuma T, Kusano H, Sanbe T, Ekuni D, Tamaki N, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T. Oxidative damage of periodontal tissue in the rat periodontitis model: effects of a high-cholesterol diet. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3601-4. [PMID: 16750199 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest an association between consumption of a high-cholesterol diet and periodontitis. We addressed the mechanism by which high dietary cholesterol could be detrimental to periodontal health in a rat model. Feeding a high-cholesterol diet augmented the effects of bacterial pathogens and their products (e.g., lipopolysaccharide and proteases) on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fibroblasts. High dietary cholesterol also increased mitochondrial 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the periodontal tissues. These results suggest that excessive tissue oxidative damage induced by high dietary cholesterol could potentiate pro-inflammatory cytokine production by fibroblasts stimulated with bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Leone CW, Bokhadhoor H, Kuo D, Desta T, Yang J, Siqueira MF, Amar S, Graves DT. Immunization enhances inflammation and tissue destruction in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun 2006; 74:2286-92. [PMID: 16552059 PMCID: PMC1418897 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.4.2286-2292.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that host-bacterium interactions play a critical role in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. By the use of inhibitors, it has been shown that mediators associated with the innate immune response significantly contribute to the disease process. Less is known regarding the role of the acquired immune response. To investigate mechanisms by which the acquired immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis could affect connective tissue, we used a well-documented calvarial model to study host-bacterium interactions. Injection of P. gingivalis stimulated gamma interferon, interleukin 6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression as determined by real-time PCR. Prior immunization against P. gingivalis significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of these cytokines and chemokines. Similarly, immunization significantly increased and prolonged the formation of a polymorphonuclear leukocyte and mononuclear cell infiltrate (P < 0.05). In addition, the area of connective tissue destruction, osteoclastogenesis, bone loss, mRNA expression of proapoptotic genes, and degree of fibroblast apoptosis were increased in immunized mice (P < 0.05). These results indicate that activation of the acquired immunity by P. gingivalis increases the inflammatory and destructive responses which occur in part through up-regulating the innate immune response and enhancing osteoclastogenesis and fibroblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo W Leone
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-201, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Tomofuji T, Kusano H, Azuma T, Sanbe T, Yamanaka R, Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T. Effects of a Dentifrice Containing Vitamin C on Periodontitis in the Rat Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2329/perio.48.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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