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Angst PDM, Van der Velden U, Susin C, Gomes SC. Supportive periodontal care with or without subgingival instrumentation: Microbiological results of a 2-year randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38956881 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare the subgingival microbiota of patients receiving supportive periodontal care (SPC) with and without subgingival instrumentation, over 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a randomized clinical trial that included 62 participants (50.97 ± 9.26 years old; 40 females) who completed non-surgical periodontal therapy. Participants were randomly assigned to receive oral prophylaxis with oral hygiene instructions alone (test) or in combination with subgingival instrumentation (control) during SPC. Pooled subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from four sites per patient at SPC baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for absolute quantification of Eubacteria and the target bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equations, taking into consideration the clustering of observations within individuals. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the experimental groups regarding the mean counts of Eubacteria and target bacteria, as well as the periodontal parameters at the sampled sites. Although significant variability in bacterial counts was present during SPC, all counts after 2 years were not statistically different from those at baseline. Bacterial counts were associated with the presence of plaque, bleeding on probing, mean probing depth ≥3 mm, and follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS SPC with or without subgingival instrumentation can result in comparable subgingival microbiological outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01598155 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01598155?intr=supragingival%20control&rank=4#study-record-dates).
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Affiliation(s)
- P D M Angst
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - U Van der Velden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Susin
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - S C Gomes
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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2
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Bach L, Ram A, Ijaz UZ, Evans TJ, Haydon DT, Lindström J. The Effects of Smoking on Human Pharynx Microbiota Composition and Stability. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0216621. [PMID: 36786634 PMCID: PMC10101099 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02166-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota is essential to the health of the host, yet little is known about how it responds to disturbances. We examined the oropharyngeal microbiota of 30 individuals over 40 weeks. As the oropharynx is an important gateway to pathogens, and as smoking is associated with increased incidence and severity of respiratory infections, we compared the microbiota of smokers and nonsmokers to shed light on its potential for facilitating infections. We hypothesized that decreased species diversity, decreased community stability, or increased differences in community structure could facilitate invading pathogens. We found that smoking is associated with reduced alpha diversity, greater differences in community structure, and increased environmental filtering. The effects of short-term perturbations (antibiotic use and participants exhibiting cold symptoms) were also investigated. Antibiotic use had a negative effect on alpha diversity, irrespective of smoking status, and both antibiotic use and cold symptoms were associated with highly unique bacterial communities. A stability analysis of models built from the data indicated that there were no differences in local or global stability in the microbial communities of smokers, compared to nonsmokers, and that their microbiota are equally resistant to species invasions. Results from these models suggest that smoker microbiota are perturbed but characterized by alternative stable states that are as stable and invasion-resistant as are the microbiota of nonsmokers. Smoking is unlikely to increase the risk of infectious disease through the altered composition and ecological function of the microbiota; this is more likely due to the effects of smoking on the local and systemic immune system. IMPORTANCE Smoking is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections. Hypothetically, the altered community diversity of smokers' pharyngeal microbiota, together with changes in their ecological stability properties, could facilitate their invasion by pathogens. To address this question, we analyzed longitudinal microbiota data of baseline healthy individuals who were either smokers or nonsmokers. While the results indicate reduced biodiversity and increased species turnover in the smokers' pharyngeal microbiota, their ecological stability properties were not different from those of the microbiota of nonsmokers, implying, in ecological terms, that the smokers' microbial communities are not less resistant to invasions. Therefore, the study suggests that the increased propensity of respiratory infections that is seen in smokers is more likely associated with changes in the local and systemic immune system than with ecological changes in the microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Bach
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Ram
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Umer Z. Ijaz
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Evans
- School of Infection and Immunity, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T. Haydon
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Lindström
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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3
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Subgingival Microbiota Profile in Association with Cigarette Smoking in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120150. [PMID: 34940047 PMCID: PMC8700501 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While smoking is recognized as one of the factors for the development and progression of periodontal diseases, a relation between the composition of the subgingival microbiota and smoking is yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of subgingival bacteria in young smokers and non-smokers without clinical signs of periodontal disease. In this cross-sectional study, performed at the Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, we enrolled 32 periodontally healthy smokers and 32 non-smokers, aged 25–35 years old. The number of oral bacteria and the prevalence of particular bacteria were assessed for each subject. Subgingival plaque samples were collected with sterile paper points from two first molars for microbiological analyses with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In smokers, a significantly higher prevalence of Actinomyces odontolyticus was observed compared to non-smokers, and a significantly lower prevalence of Streptococcus sanguinis was observed compared to non-smokers. Smoking affects the composition of subgingival microbiota, either via depletion of beneficial bacteria or the increase in pathogenic bacteria.
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4
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Al Bataineh MT, Dash NR, Elkhazendar M, Alnusairat DMH, Darwish IMI, Al-Hajjaj MS, Hamid Q. Revealing oral microbiota composition and functionality associated with heavy cigarette smoking. J Transl Med 2020; 18:421. [PMID: 33167991 PMCID: PMC7653996 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy tobacco smoking, a hallmark feature of lung cancer, is drastically predominant in Middle Eastern populations. The precise links between nicotine dependence and the functional contribution of the oral microbiota remain unknown in these populations. METHODS We evaluated the composition and functional capabilities of oral microbiota with relation to cigarette smoking in 105 adults through shotgun metagenomics using buccal swabs. RESULTS The oral microbiota composition in our study subjects was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, in addition to the genera Prevotella and Veillonella, similar to previously described westernized cohorts. Furthermore, the smoker's oral microbiota represented a significant abundance of Veillonella dispar, Leptotrichia spp. and Prevotella pleuritidis when compared to non-smokers. Within the smoking groups, differential relative abundance testing unveiled relative abundance of Streptobacillus hongkongensis, Fusobacterium massiliense, Prevotella bivia in high nicotine dependent compared to low nicotine dependent profiles based on Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Functional profiling showed marked differences between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers exhibited an enrichment of Tricarballylate utilization and Lactate racemization when compared to the non-smokers. According to their nicotine dependence, enrichment of Xanthosine utilization, p-Aminobenzoyl-Glutamate utilization, and multidrug efflux pump in Campylobacter jejuni biosynthesis modules were detected in the high nicotine dependent group. CONCLUSIONS These compositional and functional differences may provide critical insight on how variations in the oral microbiota could predispose to respiratory illnesses and smoke cessation relapse in cigarette smokers. In particular, the observed enrichment of Fusobacterium and Prevotella in the oral microbiota possibly suggests an intriguing linkage to gut and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tahseen Al Bataineh
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Elkhazendar
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Mohamed Saleh Al-Hajjaj
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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5
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Angst PDM, Finger Stadler A, Mendez M, Oppermann RV, van der Velden U, Gomes SC. Supportive periodontal therapy in moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis patients: A two‐year randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1083-1093. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Finger Stadler
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health ‐ Periodontology Adams School of Dentistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
| | | | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Conservative Dentistry Department School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Ubele van der Velden
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
- Conservative Dentistry Department School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Vallès Y, Inman CK, Peters BA, Ali R, Wareth LA, Abdulle A, Alsafar H, Anouti FA, Dhaheri AA, Galani D, Haji M, Hamiz AA, Hosani AA, Houqani MA, Junaibi AA, Kazim M, Kirchhoff T, Mahmeed WA, Maskari FA, Alnaeemi A, Oumeziane N, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM, Weitzman M, Zaabi EA, Sherman S, Hayes RB, Ahn J. Types of tobacco consumption and the oral microbiome in the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future (UAEHFS) Pilot Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11327. [PMID: 30054546 PMCID: PMC6063860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking alters the oral microbiome; however, the effect of alternative tobacco products remains unclear. Middle Eastern tobacco products like dokha and shisha, are becoming globally widespread. We tested for the first time in a Middle Eastern population the hypothesis that different tobacco products impact the oral microbiome. The oral microbiome of 330 subjects from the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study was assessed by amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from mouthwash samples. Tobacco consumption was assessed using a structured questionnaire and further validated by urine cotinine levels. Oral microbiome overall structure and specific taxon abundances were compared, using PERMANOVA and DESeq analyses respectively. Our results show that overall microbial composition differs between smokers and nonsmokers (p = 0.0001). Use of cigarettes (p = 0.001) and dokha (p = 0.042) were associated with overall microbiome structure, while shisha use was not (p = 0.62). The abundance of multiple genera were significantly altered (enriched/depleted) in cigarette smokers; however, only Actinobacillus, Porphyromonas, Lautropia and Bifidobacterium abundances were significantly changed in dokha users whereas no genera were significantly altered in shisha smokers. For the first time, we show that smoking dokha is associated to oral microbiome dysbiosis, suggesting that it could have similar effects as smoking cigarettes on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Vallès
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Claire K Inman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Laila Abdel Wareth
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Abdishakur Abdulle
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayesha Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture; UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Divya Galani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muna Haji
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aisha Al Hamiz
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayesha Al Hosani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammed Al Houqani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Marina Kazim
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fatma Al Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | | | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Eiman Al Zaabi
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Scott Sherman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA.
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7
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Angst PDM, Stadler AF, Oppermann RV, Gomes SC. Microbiological outcomes from different periodontal maintenance interventions: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e33. [PMID: 28513785 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017vol310033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differences in the subgingival microbiological outcomes between periodontal patients submitted to a supragingival control (SPG) regimen as compared to subgingival scaling and root planing performed combined with supragingival debridement (SPG + SBG) intervention during the periodontal maintenance period (PMP). A systematic literature search using electronic databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE) was conducted looking for articles published up to August 2016 and independent of language. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, quality assessment and data collection. Only human randomized or non-randomized clinical trials with at least 6-months-follow-up after periodontal treatment and presenting subgingival microbiological outcomes related to SPG and/or SPG+SBG therapies were included. Search strategy found 2,250 titles. Among these, 148 (after title analysis) and 39 (after abstract analysis) papers were considered to be relevant. Finally, 19 studies were selected after full-text analysis. No article had a direct comparison between the therapies. Five SPG and 14 SPG+SBG studies presented experimental groups with these respective regimens and were descriptively analyzed while most of the results were only presented graphically. The results showed that both SPG and SPG+SBG protocols of PMP determined stability in the microbiological results along time. Nevertheless, new studies comparing these interventions in PMP are needed, especially if the limitations herein discussed could be better controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Finger Stadler
- Augusta University, The Dental College of Georgia, Department of Periodontics, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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8
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Yu G, Phillips S, Gail MH, Goedert JJ, Humphrys MS, Ravel J, Ren Y, Caporaso NE. The effect of cigarette smoking on the oral and nasal microbiota. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:3. [PMID: 28095925 PMCID: PMC5240432 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the study was to investigate whether cigarette smoking alters oral and nasal microbial diversity, composition, and structure. Twenty-three current smokers and 20 never smokers were recruited. From each subject, nine samples including supra and subgingiva plaque scrapes, saliva, swabs from five soft oral tissue sites, and one nasal swab from both the anterior nares were collected. 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was sequenced for microbial profiles. RESULTS We found that alpha diversity was lower in smokers than in nonsmokers in the buccal mucosa, but in other sample sites, microbial diversity and composition were not significantly different by smoking status. Microbial profiles differed significantly among eight oral sites. CONCLUSIONS This study investigates the effect of cigarette smoking on different sites of the oral cavity and shows a potential effect of cigarette smoking on the buccal mucosa microbiota. The marked heterogeneity of the oral microbial ecosystem that we found may contribute to the stability of the oral microbiota in most sites when facing environmental perturbations such as that caused by cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqin Yu
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E508, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9769, USA.
| | - Stephen Phillips
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell H Gail
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Humphrys
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yanfang Ren
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E508, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9769, USA
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9
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Casarin M, Antoniazzi RP, Vaucher RA, Feldens CA, Zanatta FB. RT-PCR quantification of periodontal pathogens in crack users and non-users. Oral Dis 2016; 23:324-330. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Casarin
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - RP Antoniazzi
- Dentistry Course; Franciscan University Center; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - RA Vaucher
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting; Center of Chemistry; Pharmaceutical and Food Science; Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel); Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - CA Feldens
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; Lutheran University of Brazil; Canoas Brazil
| | - FB Zanatta
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
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10
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Mendez M, Melchiors Angst PD, Stadler AF, Oppermann RV, Gomes S. Impacts of supragingival and subgingival periodontal treatments on oral health-related quality of life. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 15:135-141. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Mendez
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - PD Melchiors Angst
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - AF Stadler
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - RV Oppermann
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - S Gomes
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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11
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López NJ. Letter to the editor: re: intrapregnancy non-surgical periodontal treatment and pregnancy outcome: a randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol 2015; 85:880-1. [PMID: 24988126 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nestor J López
- Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Carvalho VF, Andrade PVC, Rodrigues MF, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC, Pannuti CM, De Micheli G, Conde MC. Antimicrobial photodynamic effect to treat residual pockets in periodontal patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:440-7. [PMID: 25808980 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of residual pockets of chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with at least four residual periodontal pockets undergoing maintenance care were included and randomly assigned to test group (PDT, n = 18) or control group (sham procedure, n = 16). The intervention was performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Clinical parameters such as pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) were measured before intervention and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Subgingival samples were obtained at baseline, and after 7 days, 3, 6 and 12 months to quantify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia by real-time polimerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS All clinical variables showed significant improvement during the study, but there was no significant difference between test and control groups. The microbiological analyses showed no differences between groups at any time during the study. CONCLUSION Within the limits of this clinical trial and considering the laser and photosensitizer protocol used, PDT failed to demonstrate additional clinical and bacteriological benefits in residual pockets treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica F Carvalho
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila V C Andrade
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle F Rodrigues
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario H Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosario D C Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio M Pannuti
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giorgio De Micheli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina C Conde
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Nociti FH, Casati MZ, Duarte PM. Current perspective of the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 67:187-210. [PMID: 25494601 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This literature review provides an overview of the current scenario regarding the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis; clinical, microbiological and immunological data from studies from our and other groups are presented. In general, preclinical and clinical data are unanimous in demonstrating that smokers present increased susceptibility, greater severity and faster progression of periodontal disease compared with nonsmokers. The evidence further demonstrates that smokers lose more teeth and have a less favorable response to therapy than do nonsmokers. Although it is well established that smoking significantly impacts on the onset, progression and outcome of periodontal disease, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. More importantly, some of the reported deleterious effects of smoking on periodontal tissues have been reported to be reversible upon participation in smoking-cessation programs. Therefore, clinicians should strongly advise smokers to enroll in cessation strategies, even temporarily, in order to improve the overall outcome.
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14
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GOMES SC, ABASCAL CC, HAAS AN, ANGST PDM, OPPERMANN RV, MARCANTONIO RAC. Influence of supragingival biofilm control and smoking habit on Interleukin-1β concentration. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100302. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Joshi V, Matthews C, Aspiras M, de Jager M, Ward M, Kumar P. Smoking decreases structural and functional resilience in the subgingival ecosystem. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:1037-47. [PMID: 25139209 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dysbiotic microbial communities underlie the aetiology of several oral diseases, especially in smokers. The ability of an ecosystem to rebound from the dysbiotic state and re-establish a health-compatible community, a characteristic known as resilience, plays an important role in susceptibility to future disease. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of smoking on colonization dynamics and resilience in marginal and subgingival biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Marginal and subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 25 current and 25 never smokers with pre-existing gingivitis at baseline, following resolution, after 1, 2 4, 7, 14 and 21 days of undisturbed plaque formation and following resolution. 16S cloning and sequencing was used for bacterial identification and multiplexed bead-based flow cytometry was used to quantify the levels of 27 immune mediators. RESULTS Smokers demonstrated an early pathogenic colonization that led to sustained pathogen enrichment with periodontal and respiratory pathogens, eliciting a florid immune response. Smokers also demonstrated greater abundance of pathogenic species, poor compositional correlation between marginal and subgingival ecosystems, and significantly greater pro-inflammatory responses following resolution of the second episode of disease. CONCLUSIONS The ability of the subgingival microbiome to "reset" itself following episodes of disease is decreased in smokers, thereby lowering the resilience of the ecosystem and decreasing its resistance to future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Joshi
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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16
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Wang P, Duan D, Zhou X, Li X, Yang J, Deng M, Xu Y. Relationship between expression of human gingival beta-defensins and levels of periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:113-22. [PMID: 24814979 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are a group of antimicrobial peptides important in epithelial innate immunity, and their differential expression is associated with periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to explore relationships among hBDs, total subgingival bacteria and periodontopathogens in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The periodontal clinical parameters of 29 healthy subjects and 25 patients with chronic periodontitis were recorded. The relative expression of hBD1, hBD2 and hBD3 genes in gingival biopsies was measured using real-time PCR. The numbers of total bacteria and of Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque were quantified by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS No significant differences in expression of the hBD genes were found between the group of healthy subjects and the group of patients with chronic periodontitis. Total bacteria and T. denticola were detected in all participants. F. nucleatum and T. forsythia were detected in all patients with chronic periodontitis and in 86.21% and 51.72%, respectively, of healthy volunteers. P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in 24.14% and 17.24%, respectively, of the healthy group and in 84.00% and 12.00%, respectively, of the chronic periodontitis group. The prevalence of all bacteria, except A. actinomycetemcomitans, was significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis than in the group of healthy subjects (p < 0.05). A significant, negative correlation was observed between total bacteria and hBD-2 (r = -0.384, p = 0.011). Upon analyzing the data in different groups, total bacteria and hBD-2 were significantly correlated (r = -0.492, p = 0.026) only in the group of healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The negative correlations between hBD-2 and total bacteria, especially in the group of healthy subjects, indicate that hBDs may play an important role by limiting an increase of bacterial load at the initial stage of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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He JY, Qi GG, Huang WJ, Sun XD, Tong Y, Peng CM, Zhou XP, Chen H. Short-term microbiological effects of scaling and root planing and essential-oils mouthwash in Chinese adults. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 14:416-25. [PMID: 23645178 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the short-term effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) and essential-oils mouthwash on the levels of specific bacteria in Chinese adults. METHODS Fifty Chinese adults with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to full-mouth SRP or a 7-d essential-oils mouthwash regimen. In addition, 22 periodontally healthy adults used essential-oils mouthwash for 7 d. Clinical examination and plaque/saliva sampling were performed at baseline and on Day 7. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and total bacterial loads in saliva, supra- and sub-gingival plaque samples. RESULTS The detection frequencies of four tested species remained unchanged after either treatment. However, the bacterial loads of Fn, Pg, and Pi were significantly reduced by SRP; the mean reduction of bacterial counts in saliva ranged from 52.2% to 62.5% (p<0.01), in supragingival plaque from 68.2% to 81.0% (p<0.05), and in subgingival plaque from 67.9% to 93.0% (p<0.01). Total bacterial loads were reduced after SRP in supra- and sub-gingival plaque (p<0.05). Essential-oils mouthwash reduced Fn levels in supragingival plaque by a mean of 53.2%, and reduced total bacterial loads in supra- and sub-gingival plaque (p<0.01). In subgingival plaque from periodontal patients, Pg and Pi reductions were high after SRP compared to essential-oils mouthwash (93.0% vs. 37.7% and 87.0% vs. 21.0%, p<0.05). No significant bacterial reduction was observed in periodontally healthy subjects using essential-oils mouthwash. CONCLUSIONS SRP and essential-oils mouthwash both have an impact on saliva and gingival plaque flora in Chinese periodontitis patients in 7 d, with greater microbiological improvement by SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-yan He
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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López NJ, Quintero A, Casanova PA, Martínez B. Routine prophylaxes every 3 months improves chronic periodontitis status in type 2 diabetes. J Periodontol 2013; 85:e232-40. [PMID: 24354651 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are major health problems, especially in low-income populations with little access to dental care. Low-cost models for treatment of periodontal disease have not been tested in controlled studies in low-income populations. Dental prophylaxis, which includes removal of supragingival calculus and plaque, has been shown to arrest the progression of periodontitis. A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of dental prophylaxis on periodontitis in T2DM. METHODS Twenty-six patients with T2DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) and 26 without T2DM with CP were selected. Periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and surfaces with plaque were recorded at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months after initial treatment. All the participants received instructions on oral hygiene and one session of dental prophylaxis at baseline and every 3 months. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured at baseline and every 3 months in patients with T2DM. RESULTS A significant improvement of PD, BOP, and sites with plaque was observed 3 months after treatment in patients with T2DM (P = 0.001). In controls, mean PD significantly improved after 6 months compared with baseline (P = 0.001). No significant improvement of CAL occurred in either group. No significant differences in periodontal parameters between the groups were detected, and no participant showed progression of CP during the 9-month study period. Dental prophylaxis did not influence HbA1c levels, and no association among HbA1c concentration, pretreatment metabolic status, and severity of CP was found. CONCLUSION Routine prophylaxes every 3 months significantly improve periodontal health and prevent progression of CP in both poorly controlled and well-controlled patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor J López
- Currently, Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; previously, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Interleukin 4 haplotypes of susceptibility to chronic periodontitis are associated with IL-4 protein levels but not with clinical outcomes of periodontal therapy. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1688-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.08.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Finoti LS, Corbi SCT, Anovazzi G, Teixeira SRL, Capela MV, Tanaka MH, Kim YJ, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Mayer MPA, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Pathogen levels and clinical response to periodontal treatment in patients with Interleukin 8 haplotypes. Pathog Dis 2013; 69:21-28. [PMID: 23821559 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non-surgical treatment of periodontitis on the levels of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters in patients with different genetic backgrounds produced by polymorphisms in the Interleukin ( IL8) gene. Thirty patients grouped according to IL8 ATC/TTC or AGT/TTC haplotypes were submitted to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were determined in 240 subgingival plaque samples by qPCR. The association between IL8 haplotypes and the levels of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters was investigated by multilevel analysis accounting for the clustering of diseased sites analyzed within patients. It was observed that neither levels of periodontopathogens nor non-surgical treatment was associated with the IL8 haplotype. The clinical parameters after periodontal treatment were similar in diseased and healthy sites, independently of the IL8 haplotype. Nonetheless, in the same period, diseased sites of AGT/TTC patients harbored higher levels of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and red complex than those of ATC/TTC patients. However, the non-surgical periodontal therapy decreased the levels of these periodontopathogens and of the tested clinical parameters of diseased sites in both groups. Non-surgical therapy is equally effective in improving clinical parameters and decreasing the levels of periodontopathogens, independent of the genotype groups produced by the IL8 haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Finoti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia C T Corbi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Anovazzi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia R L Teixeira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa V Capela
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia H Tanaka
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Yeon J Kim
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana R P Orrico
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Corbi SCT, Finoti LS, Anovazzi G, Tanaka MH, Kim YJ, Secolin R, Marcaccini AM, Gerlach RF, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Clinical outcomes of periodontal therapy are not influenced by the ATC/TTC haplotype in the IL8 gene. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:489-98. [PMID: 24033189 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial condition, few studies have investigated the potential association of gene variants with the outcome of periodontal therapy. In a previous study, we reported that variants in the interleukin-8 (IL8) gene were associated with CP in a Brazilian population. The aim of this nonrandomized study was to investigate whether genetic susceptibility to CP, conferred by the presence of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype, influences the clinical outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and the IL-8 protein levels in the gingival crevicular fluid. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-one individuals were grouped according to the presence (susceptible to CP; n = 21) or absence (not susceptible to CP; n = 20) of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype. These individuals received nonsurgical periodontal therapy from one periodontist, who was blinded to the genetic status of each patient, and follow up continued for 45 d. The clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at baseline and on day 45. The IL-8 levels were determined by an ELISA. The data were subjected to the Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon and Spearman tests and to multiple logistic-regression analysis. RESULTS No significant differences between patients with or without the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype were found for the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and IL-8 levels. The multiple logistic-regression analysis did not show a statistically significant association between the IL8 haplotype and the variables studied. CONCLUSION In this longitudinal clinical study, we observed that neither the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy nor the IL-8 levels were influenced by the IL8 ATC/TTC CP-susceptibility haplotype. Additional studies of CP patients from other ethnic populations are necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C T Corbi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Faveri M, Rebello A, de Oliveira Dias R, Borges-Junior I, Duarte PM, Figueiredo LC, Feres M. Clinical and microbiologic effects of adjunctive metronidazole plus amoxicillin in the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis: smokers versus non-smokers. J Periodontol 2013; 85:581-91. [PMID: 23826648 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of the adjunctive use of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) in the treatment of smokers and non-smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS Thirty-two smokers and 32 non-smokers were selected and received scaling and root planing (SRP) combined with MTZ (400 mg three times daily) and AMX (500 mg three times daily) for 14 days. Clinical and microbiologic examinations were performed at baseline and 3 months after SRP. Nine subgingival plaque samples per patient were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS Both groups presented a significant improvement in all clinical parameters at 3 months after therapy (P <0.05). Non-smokers showed lower mean number of sites with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm after therapy. Fewer non-smokers exhibited at least nine of these sites at 3 months after treatment. Non-smokers also presented the greatest reductions in mean PD and gain in clinical attachment between baseline and 3 months after therapy at initially deep (PD ≥7 mm) sites (P <0.01). The most beneficial changes in the microbial profile were also observed in the non-smoker group, which showed the lowest proportions of the orange complex at 3 months, as well as a significant increase in the proportions of Actinomyces species after treatment. CONCLUSION Smokers with CP benefit less than non-smokers from treatment by the combination of SRP, MTZ, and AMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Finoti LS, Anovazzi G, Pigossi SC, Corbi SCT, Teixeira SRL, Braido GVV, Kim YJ, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Mayer MPA, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Periodontopathogens levels and clinical response to periodontal therapy in individuals with the interleukin-4 haplotype associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1501-9. [PMID: 23748736 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results from an interaction between dental biofilm agents and the host immune-inflammatory response. Periodontopathogenic organisms, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, as well as the host's susceptibility, represented by the host's genetic makeup, are the key factors that influence this complex disease. Recently, we identified haplotypes in the IL4 gene that were associated with chronic periodontitis (CP). This study aimed to evaluate whether subjects with different IL4 haplotypes (TCI/CCI and TTD/CTI) would be differentially colonized by periodontopathogens and whether they would respond differently to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Thirty-nine patients carrying the IL4 haplotype of genetic susceptibility to CP (IL4+) or protection against CP (IL4-) were evaluated. Those groups were further subdivided into individuals with CP (CP IL4+ or CP IL4-) and those that were periodontally healthy (H) (H IL4+ or H IL4-). CP patients were submitted to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Clinical and microbiological analyses were performed considering the data at baseline and 45 and 90 days after periodontal therapy. Periodontopathogens levels were evaluated by absolute quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The baseline data revealed that the total levels of periodontopathogens were higher in the CP IL4+ than in the CP IL4- groups. Clinical analyses revealed that the periodontal therapy was equally effective, independent of the subject's IL4 genetic load. The TCI/CCI IL4 haplotype, previously associated with genetic susceptibility to CP, was also associated with increased levels of periodontopathogenic bacteria, but this genetic background did not influence the response to non-surgical periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Finoti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Finoti LS, Corbi SCT, Anovazzi G, Teixeira SRL, Steffens JP, Secolin R, Kim YJ, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Mayer MPA, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Association between IL8 haplotypes and pathogen levels in chronic periodontitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1333-40. [PMID: 23660697 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is considered to be a multifactorial disease influenced by microbial and genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the genetic susceptibility to CP in individuals with the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype is associated with subgingival levels of periodontopathogens. Sixty-five individuals, grouped according to the presence (n = 28) or absence (n = 37) of the IL8 haplotype, were evaluated. After clinical periodontal evaluation, each group was subdivided according to the presence (CP) or absence (H) of periodontitis. Four subgingival samples were obtained from CP and two samples per subject from H patients. The levels and proportions of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). No differences were found in the proportion of periodontopathogenic bacteria between groups with the presence or absence of the IL8 haplotype. However, in the CP groups, the levels of periodontopathogens were significantly higher in the individuals without the IL8 haplotype than in the individuals with the IL8 haplotype. These results suggest that periodontal destruction may occur in patients who are considered to be genetically susceptible to CP with a lower microbial challenge because of the presence of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype than in patients without this haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Finoti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Haplotypes of susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in the Interleukin 8 gene do not influence protein level in the gingival crevicular fluid. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1355-61. [PMID: 22877792 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, we identified that the ATC/TTC haplotype formed by polymorphisms in the Interleukin-(IL)8 gene conferred susceptibility to chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of the study was to investigate whether the IL8 haplotype ATC/TTC was associated with the volume of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), the concentration of interleukin IL-8 in the GCF, as well as periodontal conditions in patients with CP in comparison to controls without CP. METHODS Seventy-nine individuals (CP: n=41, controls: n=38) were grouped according to the presence (susceptible for CP) or absence (not susceptible for CP) of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype. After periodontal clinical evaluation, they were subdivided by the presence or absence of CP. GCF was collected from each patient and the IL-8 levels were determined by ELISA. The GCF volume of each subject was measured by means of a calibrated electronic device. Comparisons of means between carriers and non-carriers of the ATC/TTC haplotype were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test. Linear regression and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to analyse the association of the GCF volume with potential covariates and their contribution for the phenotype. RESULTS We did not find significant differences of both periodontal conditions and IL-8 concentration in the GCF of patients with the presence or absence of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype. However, the GCF volume was significantly higher amongst the patients affected by CP that are absent for the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype. In addition, linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between GCF volume and CP, IL8 haplotype ATC/TTC and IL-8 concentration. CONCLUSIONS The IL8 haplotype of susceptibility to CP was neither associated with IL-8 cytokine levels nor with clinical periodontal parameters. Also, CP, IL8 haplotype and IL-8 concentration showed a positive association with the GCF volume levels in the studied patients.
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Haas AN, Silva-Boghossian CM, Colombo AP, Susin C, Albandar JM, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK. Adjunctive azithromycin in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis: Microbiological findings of a 12-month randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2012; 40:556-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Froud R, Eldridge S, Diaz Ordaz K, Marinho VCC, Donner A. Quality of cluster randomized controlled trials in oral health: a systematic review of reports published between 2005 and 2009. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40 Suppl 1:3-14. [PMID: 22369703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the quality of methods and reporting of recently published cluster randomized trials (CRTs) in oral health. METHODS We searched PubMed for CRTs that included at least one oral health-related outcome and were published from 2005 to 2009 inclusive. We developed a list of criteria for assessing trial quality and reporting. This was influenced largely by the extended CONSORT statement for CRTs but also included criteria suggested by other authors. We examined the extent to which trials were consistent with these criteria. RESULTS Twenty-three trials were included in the review. In 15 (65%) trials, clustering had been accounted for in sample size calculations, and in 18 (78%) authors had accounted for clustering in analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were reported for eight (35%) trials; the outcome assessor was reported as having been blinded to allocation in 12 (52%) trials; 17 (74%) described eligibility criteria at individual level, but only nine (39%) described such criteria at cluster level. Sixteen of 20 trials (80%), in which individuals were recruited, reported that individual informed consent was obtained. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the quality of recent CRTs in oral health is relatively high and appears to compare favourably with other fields. However, there remains room for improvement. Authors of future trials should endeavour to ensure sample size calculations and analyses properly account for clustering (and are reported as such), consider the potential for recruitment/identification bias at the design stage, describe the steps taken to avoid this in the final report and report observed ICCs and cluster-level eligibility criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Froud
- Centre for Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK.
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Meulman T, Casarin RCV, Peruzzo DC, Giorgetti AP, Barbagallo A, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Gonçalves RB, Nociti FH. Impact of supragingival therapy on subgingival microbial profile in smokers versus non-smokers with severe chronic periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2012; 4:JOM-4-8640. [PMID: 22232720 PMCID: PMC3253304 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v4i0.8640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess subgingival microbiological changes in smokers versus non-smokers presenting severe chronic periodontitis after supragingival periodontal therapy (ST). METHODS Non-smokers (n=10) and smokers (n=10) presenting at least nine teeth with probing pocket depth (PPD) (≥5 mm), bleeding on probing (BoP), and no history of periodontal treatment in the last 6 months were selected. Clinical parameters assessed were plaque index (PI), BoP, PPD, relative gingival margin position (rGMP) and relative clinical attachment level (rCAL). Subgingival biofilm was collected before and 21 days after ST. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with the universal primer pair, 27F and 1492R. Amplified genes were cloned, sequenced, and identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t and Chi-Square tests (α=5%). RESULTS Clinically, ST promoted a significant reduction in PI and PPD, and gain of rCAL for both groups, with no significant intergroup difference. Microbiologically, at baseline, data analysis demonstrated that smokers harbored a higher proportion of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Bacteroidetes sp., Fusobacterium sp. and Tannerella forsythia and a lower number of cultivated phylotypes (p<0.05). Furthermore, non-smokers featured significant reductions in key phylotypes associated with periodontitis, whereas smokers presented more modest changes. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the present study, ST promoted comparable clinical improvements in smokers and non-smokers with severe chronic periodontitis. However, in smokers, ST only slightly affected the subgingival biofilm biodiversity, as compared with non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Meulman
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Barros SP, Al-Tarawneh S, Bencharit S, Loewy Z, Gendreau L, Offenbacher S. Salivary cytokines and levels in denture stomatitis: An exploratory case-control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2012.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Buduneli N, Larsson L, Biyikoglu B, Renaud DE, Bagaitkar J, Scott DA. Fatty acid profiles in smokers with chronic periodontitis. J Dent Res 2010; 90:47-52. [PMID: 21041552 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510380695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that tobacco smoke induces alterations to the 3-OH fatty acids present in lipid A in a manner consistent with a microflora of reduced inflammatory potential. Whole saliva samples and full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from persons with (22 smokers; 15 non-smokers) and without (14 smokers; 15 non-smokers) chronic periodontitis. Clear differences in the contributions of multiple saturated 3-OH fatty acid species were noted in the group with disease compared with healthy individuals. Increases in the long-chain fatty acids associated with anaerobic bacterial periodontopathogens, particularly 3-OH-C(i17.0) (146.7%, relative to controls), were apparent. Significant reductions in the 3-OH fatty acids associated with the consensus (high potency) enteric LPS structure (3-OH-C(12.0) and 3-OH-C(14.0); 33.3% and 15.8% reduction, respectively) were noted in smokers compared with non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Thus, smoking is associated with specific structural alterations to the lipid-A-derived 3-OH fatty acid profile in saliva that are consistent with an oral microflora of reduced inflammatory potential. These findings provide much-needed mechanistic insight into the established clinical conundrum of increased infection with periodontal pathogens but reduced clinical inflammation in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Stabholz A, Soskolne WA, Shapira L. Genetic and environmental risk factors for chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2010; 53:138-53. [PMID: 20403110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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