1
|
Olczak T, Śmiga M, Antonyuk SV, Smalley JW. Hemophore-like proteins of the HmuY family in the oral and gut microbiome: unraveling the mystery of their evolution. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0013123. [PMID: 38305743 PMCID: PMC10966948 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00131-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX, FePPIX) is the main source of iron and PPIX for host-associated pathogenic bacteria, including members of the Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) phylum. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone oral pathogen, uses a unique heme uptake (Hmu) system, comprising a hemophore-like protein, designated as the first member of the novel HmuY family. Compared to classical, secreted hemophores utilized by Gram-negative bacteria or near-iron transporter domain-based hemophores utilized by Gram-positive bacteria, the HmuY family comprises structurally similar proteins that have undergone diversification during evolution. The best characterized are P. gingivalis HmuY and its homologs from Tannerella forsythia (Tfo), Prevotella intermedia (PinO and PinA), Bacteroides vulgatus (Bvu), and Bacteroides fragilis (BfrA, BfrB, and BfrC). In contrast to the two histidine residues coordinating heme iron in P. gingivalis HmuY, Tfo, PinO, PinA, Bvu, and BfrA preferentially use two methionine residues. Interestingly, BfrB, despite conserved methionine residue, binds the PPIX ring without iron coordination. BfrC binds neither heme nor PPIX in keeping with the lack of conserved histidine or methionine residues used by other members of the HmuY family. HmuY competes for heme binding and heme sequestration from host hemoproteins with other members of the HmuY family to increase P. gingivalis competitiveness. The participation of HmuY in the host immune response confirms its relevance in relation to the survival of P. gingivalis and its ability to induce dysbiosis not only in the oral microbiome but also in the gut microbiome or other host niches, leading to local injuries and involvement in comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Olczak
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Śmiga
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Svetlana V. Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John W. Smalley
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boutrin MC, Mishra A, Wang C, Dou Y, Fletcher HM. The involvement of CdhR in Porphyromonas gingivalis during nitric oxide stress. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:289-308. [PMID: 37134265 PMCID: PMC11018363 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, the causative agent of adult periodontitis, must gain resistance to frequent oxidative and nitric oxide (NO) stress attacks from immune cells in the periodontal pocket to survive. Previously, we found that, in the wild-type and under NO stress, the expression of PG1237 (CdhR), the gene encoding for a putative LuxR transcriptional regulator previously called community development and hemin regulator (CdhR), was upregulated 7.7-fold, and its adjacent gene PG1236 11.9-fold. Isogenic mutants P. gingivalis FLL457 (ΔCdhR::ermF), FLL458 (ΔPG1236::ermF), and FLL459 (ΔPG1236-CdhR::ermF) were made by allelic exchange mutagenesis to determine the involvement of these genes in P. gingivalis W83 NO stress resistance. The mutants were black pigmented and β hemolytic and their gingipain activities varied with strains. FLL457 and FLL459 mutants were more sensitive to NO compared to the wild type, and complementation restored NO sensitivity to that of the wild type. DNA microarray analysis of FLL457 showed that approximately 2% of the genes were upregulated and over 1% of the genes downregulated under NO stress conditions compared to the wild type. Transcriptome analysis of FLL458 and FLL459 under NO stress showed differences in their modulation patterns. Some similarities were also noticed between all mutants. The PG1236-CdhR gene cluster revealed increased expression under NO stress and may be part of the same transcriptional unit. Recombinant CdhR showed binding activity to the predicted promoter regions of PG1459 and PG0495. Taken together, the data indicate that CdhR may play a role in NO stress resistance and be involved in a regulatory network in P. gingivalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Boutrin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Oakwood University, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Arunima Mishra
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yuetan Dou
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Hansel M. Fletcher
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Peng W, Zhang G, Jiang M, Zhao J, Zhao X, Pan Y, Lin L. Role of PG0192 and PG0193 in the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12851. [PMID: 35049069 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is the main pathogen of chronic periodontitis. However, the specific mechanisms through which P. gingivalis induces immune and inflammatory responses in periodontitis have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of the P. gingivalis outer membrane protein OmpH (encoded by PG0192 and PG0193) on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in macrophages to assess the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. A PG0192-PG0193 deletion mutant strain and a com△PG0192-0193 strain were constructed. Furthermore, rOmpH-1 and rOmpH-2 encoded by PG0192 and PG0193, respectively, were cloned, expressed, and purified for subsequent experiments. Notably, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α at mRNA and protein levels was downregulated upon treatment of macrophages with the PG0192-PG0193 deletion mutant strain, whereas treatment of macrophages with P. gingivalis W83 co-incubated with rOmpH-1 or rOmpH-2 upregulated IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels. The addition of C5aR antagonist blocked this induction. Overall, our findings provided important insights into the roles of PG0192 and PG0193 for promoting IL-6 and TNF-α expression in macrophages exposed to P. gingivalis and revealed the involvement of C5aR in the pro-inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenying Peng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Luohu District, Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,China Aerospace Science & Industry Corp 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Muzhou Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chan WC, Tan L, Liu J, Yang Q, Wang J, Wang M, Yue Y, Hao L, Man Y. Inhibition of Rgs10 aggravates periodontitis with collagen-induced arthritis via the NF-κB pathway. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1802-1811. [PMID: 35122384 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of the Rgs10-associated nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway in periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Porphyromonas gingivalis and collagen were locally applied to mice to establish in vivo periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis models, respectively. Both agents were administered together to establish the comorbid group. All models were treated with adeno-associated virus-green fluorescent protein (AAV-GFP) or adeno-associated virus small hairpin Rgs10 (AAV-sh-Rgs10). In vivo expression of Rgs10 and inflammatory cytokines was analysed, along with exploration of the NF-κB signalling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse-derived RAW264.7 cells, with and without treatment of small interfering RNA (siRNA; Rgs10-Mus-MSS245072). RESULTS In the comorbidity mouse group (mice with both periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis), inhibition of Rgs10 exacerbated periodontitis, along with upregulation of phospho-RelA (pP65), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in the NF-κB signalling pathway. Similarly, treatment of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with siRNA resulted in the inhibition of Rgs10, along with upregulation of pP65, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in vitro. CONCLUSION Inhibition of Rgs10 in mice with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis can promote the progression of periodontitis, indicating the potential therapeutic role of Rgs10 in this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yue
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Man
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Interleukin-6 gene -174G>C promoter polymorphism reduces the risk of periodontitis in Brazilian populations: A meta-analysis. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:388-393. [PMID: 34478874 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is a multifactorial host-mediated oral disease caused by microbes. Previous studies suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene promoter polymorphism (-174G > C) are associated with the risk of periodontitis, although the results were inconclusive. This study investigated the association between IL-6 -174G > C polymorphism and susceptibility to periodontitis. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to retrieve relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association between 174G > C polymorphism and the risk of periodontitis. Cochrane Q and I2 statistics were used to measure heterogeneity between studies. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS Our results showed significant differences in the allelic (C vs. G: OR = 0.82, CI = 0.65-1.03), recessive (CC vs. GC + GG: OR = 0.69, CI = 0.42-1.13), and dominant (GC + CC vs. GG: OR = 0.85, CI = 0.63-1.13) genetic models of the IL6 -174G > C polymorphism and risk of periodontitis. Further, subgroup analysis showed decreased susceptibility to periodontitis associated with IL6 -174 G > C in a Brazilian population (C vs. G: OR = 0.60, CI = 0.41-0.88; GC + CC vs. GG: OR = 0.57, CI = 0.42-0.78) but not in Asian or Caucasian populations. CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that the IL6 -174 "C" allele is protective against periodontitis in the Brazilian population.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kozak M, Dabrowska-Zamojcin E, Mazurek-Mochol M, Pawlik A. Cytokines and Their Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Periodontal Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E4045. [PMID: 33327639 PMCID: PMC7765090 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque biofilm on the teeth and the host immune responses. PD pathogenesis is complex and includes genetic, environmental, and autoimmune factors. Numerous studies have suggested that the connection of genetic and environmental factors induces the disease process leading to a response by both T cells and B cells and the increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. Many studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PD. The studies have also indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes may be associated with risk and severity of PD. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of selected cytokines and their gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kozak
- Chair and Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Dabrowska-Zamojcin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Mazurek-Mochol
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan J, Du M, Cao Z, Zhang C, Hao Y, Zhu J, He H. miR-146a-5p attenuates IL-1β-induced IL-6 and IL-1β expression in a cementoblast-derived cell line. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1308-1317. [PMID: 32176411 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE miR-146a is widely induced during the immune response. However, little is known about the biogenesis, function and mechanism of miR-146a in cementoblasts during the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-146a in murine cementoblast-derived OCCM-30 cells following IL-1β stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS OCCM-30 cells were cultured and exposed to IL-1β. IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, and miR-146a-5p expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Mimics/inhibitors were transiently transfected into cells to determine the function of miR-146a-5p. Signalling pathways including p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and NF-κB were studied by using specific inhibitors. The indicated proteins were measured by Western blot analysis and ELISA. RESULTS In IL-1β-stimulated OCCM-30 cells, the expression levels of miR-146a-5p along with IL-6 and IL-1β increased in a time-dependent manner. The ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathway were activated upon IL-1β stimulation. Blocking the NF-κB pathway decreased IL-6, IL-1β and miR-146a-5p expression. The overexpression of miR-146a-5p reduced IL-6 and IL-1β expression, while the inhibition of miR-146a-5p increased IL-6 and IL-1β expression in IL-1β-treated OCCM-30 cells. miR-146a-5p attenuated IL-6 and IL-1β expression via the IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggested that miR-146a-5p attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammatory factors in cementoblast-derived cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Pan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyuan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunru Hao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang ZY, Xie MR, Liu Y, Li YX, Wu K, Ding YM. Effect of Periodontal Pathogens on Total Bone Volume Fraction: A Phenotypic Study. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:753-760. [PMID: 32862387 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that periodontal pathogens can enter the bloodstream, causing a series of reactions that can lead to a variety of systemic diseases. Epidemiological investigations also found a tight correlation between periodontitis (PD) and osteoporosis. This study aimed to further explore the effect of periodontal pathogens on bone volume fraction like bone tissue and mass, and explain the relationship between PD and osteoporosis. Sprague Dawley rats (female, 16 weeks old) were divided into the wild-type (WT) control group (n=9) and PD group (n=9). After eight weeks, periodontal tissues and ligatures, the fourth lumbar vertebra, the femur, the tibia, and blood were extracted and analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), respectively. We found that the bone mass of the lumbar vertebra, femur, and tibia was decreased in the PD group. The number of osteoclasts was higher in bone tissue in the PD group than in the WT group (P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory mediators and type I collagen C-terminal peptide (CTX-1) were higher in the PD group than in the WT group (P<0.05), although no significant difference in bone glutamic acid protein (BGP) levels was observed (P>0.05). In addition, we detected several periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, in blood samples from rats in the PD group. These findings suggest that periodontal pathogens can enter the blood circulation from periodontal tissue, promote a systemic inflammation response, and subsequently reduce systemic bone density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Yu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Meng-Ru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yao-Xu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu-Mei Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nobre Dos Santos-Lima EK, Araújo Paiva Andrade Cardoso K, Mares de Miranda P, Cirino de Carvalho-Filho P, Passos Rocha T, Ferreira de Moura-Costa L, Olczak T, Miranda Lopes Falcão M, Gomes-Filho IS, Meyer R, Tosta Xavier M, Castro Trindade S. Novel synthetic peptide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis Lys-gingipain detects IgG-mediated host response in periodontitis. Anaerobe 2020; 61:102140. [PMID: 31838319 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis. Analysis of the immunogenicity of its virulence factors may provide insight into the host response to this infection. The Kgp12 (IEDB Epitope ID 763561), an epitope of Lys-gingipain (Kgp) virulence factor from P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, elicits an immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoreactivity with low cross-reactivity and, therefore, more specificity. The aim of the present study was to determine in silico the localization of Kgp12 within the protein and to evaluate the IgG host response to this novel Kgp peptide through its capacity to differentiate individuals with different periodontal status. Sera of 71 volunteers were tested by indirect ELISA to detect the IgG immunoreactivity specific to Kgp12, as well as to the protein HmuY and to the sonicated total extract of P. gingivalis ATCC33277, both used as gold standard. The participants had no systemic disease and were classified according to periodontal clinical parameters to comparison, firstly, into periodontitis (P) and without periodontitis (WP) groups and, secondly, into periodontitis (P), gingivitis (G) and clinically health (CH) ones. All the antigens tested, Kgp12 (p = 0.02), HmuY (p = 0.00) and P. gingivalis extract (p = 0.03), could differentiate P from WP groups considering IgG serum levels. P group also had higher IgG levels specific to Kgp12 (p = 0.03), HmuY (p < 0.01) and P. gingivalis extract (p = 0.01) when compared to G group. We conclude that the Kgp12 synthetic peptide was useful to detect the IgG-mediated host response signaling that it is a promising epitope to analyze the immunogenicity of P. gingivalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thaise Passos Rocha
- Dentistry Course, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Roberto Meyer
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Soraya Castro Trindade
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Romero-Lastra P, Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Sanz M. Gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 when growing in an in vitro multispecies biofilm. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221234. [PMID: 31437202 PMCID: PMC6706054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral microorganism residing in the subgingival biofilm, may exert diverse pathogenicity depending on the presence of specific virulence factors, but its gene expression has not been completely established. This investigation aims to compare the transcriptomic profile of this pathogen when growing within an in vitro multispecies biofilm or in a planktonic state. MATERIALS AND METHODS P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was grown in anaerobiosis within multi-well culture plates at 37°C under two conditions: (a) planktonic samples (no hydroxyapatite discs) or (b) within a multispecies-biofilm containing Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans deposited on hydroxyapatite discs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) combined with Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) were used to verify the formation of the biofilm and the presence of P. gingivalis. Total RNA was extracted from both the multispecies biofilm and planktonic samples, then purified and, with the use of a microarray, its differential gene expression was analyzed. A linear model was used for determining the differentially expressed genes using a filtering criterion of two-fold change (up or down) and a significance p-value of <0.05. Differential expression was confirmed by Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS SEM verified the development of the multispecies biofilm and FISH confirmed the incorporation of P. gingivalis. The microarray demonstrated that, when growing within the multispecies biofilm, 19.1% of P. gingivalis genes were significantly and differentially expressed (165 genes were up-regulated and 200 down-regulated), compared with planktonic growth. These genes were mainly involved in functions related to the oxidative stress, cell envelope, transposons and metabolism. The results of the microarray were confirmed by RT-qPCR. CONCLUSION Significant transcriptional changes occurred in P. gingivalis when growing in a multispecies biofilm compared to planktonic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Romero-Lastra
- Laboratory of Dental Research, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. Sánchez
- Laboratory of Dental Research, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Llama-Palacios
- Laboratory of Dental Research, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos‐Lima EKN, Oliveira YA, Santos RPB, Sampaio GP, Pimentel ACM, Carvalho‐Filho PC, Moura‐Costa LF, Olczak T, Gomes‐Filho IS, Meyer RJ, Xavier MT, Trindade SC. Production of interferon‐gamma, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐1β by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with novel lys‐gingipain synthetic peptides. J Periodontol 2019; 90:993-1001. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri A. Oliveira
- Dentistry CourseFeira de Santana State University Feira de Santana Bahia Brazil
| | - Rebeca P. B. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in ImmunologyFederal University of Bahia Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Geraldo P. Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in ImmunologyFederal University of Bahia Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Olczak
- Faculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
| | - Isaac S. Gomes‐Filho
- Department of HealthFeira de Santana State University Feira de Santana Bahia Brazil
| | - Roberto J. Meyer
- Department of BiointeractionFederal University of Bahia Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Márcia T. Xavier
- Bahian School of Medicine and Public Health Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Soraya C. Trindade
- Department of HealthFeira de Santana State University Feira de Santana Bahia Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
In silico analysis as a strategy to identify candidate epitopes with human IgG reactivity to study Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors. AMB Express 2019; 9:35. [PMID: 30859419 PMCID: PMC6411804 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is one of the main pathogens in chronic periodontitis (CP). Studies on the immunogenicity of its virulence factors may contribute to understanding the host response to infection. The present study aimed to use in silico analysis as a tool to identify epitopes from Lys-gingipain (Kgp) and neuraminidase virulence factors of the Pg ATCC 33277 strain. Protein sequences were obtained from the NCBI Protein Database and they were scanned for amino acid patterns indicative of MHC II binding using the MHC-II Binding Predictions tool from the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Peptides from different regions of the proteins were chemically synthesized and tested by the indirect ELISA method to verify IgG immunoreactivity in serum of subjects with CP and without periodontitis (WP). T cell epitope prediction resulted in 16 peptide sequences from Kgp and 18 peptide sequences from neuraminidase. All tested Kgp peptides exhibited IgG immunoreactivity whereas tested neuraminidase peptides presented low IgG immunoreactivity. Thus, the IgG reactivity to Kgp protein could be reaffirmed and the low IgG reactivity to Pg neuraminidase could be suggested. The novel peptide epitopes from Pg were useful to evaluate its immunoreactivity based on the IgG-mediated host response. In silico analysis was useful for preselecting epitopes for immune response studies in CP.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao B, Li R. The association between periodontitis and interleukin-6 genetic polymorphism -174 G/C: A meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Cui D, Lyu J, Li H, Lei L, Bian T, Li L, Yan F. Human β-defensin 3 inhibits periodontitis development by suppressing inflammatory responses in macrophages. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:65-74. [PMID: 28886588 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) is a cationic peptide with immunomodulatory effects on both innate and acquired immune responses. Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that extends deep into periodontal tissues, causes the loss of supporting structures around the tooth. The present study assessed the effects of hBD3 as a monotherapy for periodontitis in mice and explored its potential mechanism. In vivo, hBD3 inhibited the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6, and matrix metalloprotease-9 in periodontium exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) in a mouse periodontitis model; reduced osteoclast formation and lower alveolar bone loss were also observed. In addition, hBD3 was related to the expression of polarization signature molecules in circulating monocytes. In vitro, hBD3 notably suppressed the production of TNF-α and interleukin-6 in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by the lipopolysaccharide of P.g. Moreover, hBD3 attenuated polarization of RAW 264.7 cells into the M1 phenotype, with reduced activation of nuclear factor-κB signal transduction. In conclusion, hBD3 exhibits potent anti-periodontitis properties both in vitro and in vivo, and this effect may be correlated to inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB pathway and macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Cui
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinglu Lyu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianying Bian
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Toker H, Görgün EP, Korkmaz EM. Analysis of IL-6, IL-10 and NF-κB Gene Polymorphisms in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25:157-162. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
16
|
Interleukin-6-174G/C Polymorphism Contributes to Periodontitis Susceptibility: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 21 Case-Control Studies. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9612421. [PMID: 28050060 PMCID: PMC5168484 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9612421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is suggested to be related to gene variations. Present study aims to quantitatively estimate the association between interleukin-6- (IL-6-) 174G/C polymorphism and CP susceptibility. Materials and Methods. Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to May 2016. The meta-analyses were performed using STATA 12.0. Results. 21 studies were yielded. Significant associations were found under heterozygote comparison and dominant model in studies fulfilling HWE (GC versus GG: OR = 0.690, 95% CI = 0.560–0.849, P = 0.000; CC + GC versus GG: OR = 0.690, 95% CI = 0.568–0.838, P < 0.001); significant associations were found under heterozygote comparison and dominant model in Caucasian studies fulfilling HWE (GC versus GG: OR = 0.752, 95% CI = 0.577–0.980, P = 0.035; CC + GC versus GG: OR = 0.737, 95% CI = 0.576–0.944, P = 0.016); significant associations were found under allele comparison, heterozygote comparison, and dominant model in Brazilian population (C versus G: OR = 0.648, 95% CI = 0.497–0.845, P = 0.001; GC versus GG: OR = 0.621, 95% CI = 0.441–0.876, P = 0.007; CC + GC versus GG: OR = 0.649, 95% CI = 0.470–0.896, P = 0.009). Conclusion. IL-6 174 polymorphism is associated with CP susceptibility. In Brazilian and Caucasian population, IL-6 174 GG genotype plays as a risk factor to CP.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gmiterek A, Kłopot A, Wójtowicz H, Trindade SC, Olczak M, Olczak T. Immune response of macrophages induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis requires HmuY protein. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1382-1394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Carvalho-Filho PC, Gomes-Filho IS, Meyer R, Olczak T, Xavier MT, Trindade SC. Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis HmuY in Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7465852. [PMID: 27403039 PMCID: PMC4925967 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7465852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, with participation of bacterial, environmental, and host factors. It results from synergistic and dysbiotic multispecies microorganisms, critical "keystone pathogens," affecting the whole bacterial community. The purpose of this study was to review the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the immunopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, with special attention paid to HmuY. The host response during periodontitis involves the innate and adaptive immune system, leading to chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. In this proinflammatory process, the ability of P. gingivalis to evade the host immune response and access nutrients in the microenvironment is directly related to its survival, proliferation, and infection. Furthermore, heme is an essential nutrient for development of these bacteria, and HmuY is responsible for its capture from host heme-binding proteins. The inflammatory potential of P. gingivalis HmuY has been shown, including induction of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CCL2, decreased levels of IL-8, and increased levels of anti-HmuY IgG and IgG1 antibodies in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Therefore, the HmuY protein might be a promising target for therapeutic strategies and for development of diagnostic methods in chronic periodontitis, especially in the case of patients with chronic periodontitis not responding to treatment, monitoring, and maintenance therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Carvalho-Filho
- Odontology Course, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, 41150-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - I. S. Gomes-Filho
- Department of Periodontics, Feira de Santana State University, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - R. Meyer
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - T. Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M. T. Xavier
- Odontology Course, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, 41150-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - S. C. Trindade
- Department of Periodontics, Feira de Santana State University, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
HmuY is an important virulence factor for Porphyromonas gingivalis growth in the heme-limited host environment and infection of macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:748-53. [PMID: 26482851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, the main etiologic agent and key pathogen responsible for initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis, is a haem auxotroph, and the uptake of this compound is essential for its survival and the ability to establish an infection. The aim of this study was to examine the role of a hemophore-like HmuY protein in P. gingivalis growth and infection of macrophages. Inactivation of the hmuY gene caused reduced P. gingivalis growth in vitro in the presence of serum as a heme sole source, as well as in vivo co-cultures with THP-1-derived macrophages. This resulted in diminished invasion efficiency of macrophages by live bacteria lacking functional hmuY gene. Both features were partially restored after addition of the purified HmuY protein, which was internalized when added either together with the hmuY mutant strain or alone to macrophage cultures. We conclude that HmuY is an important virulence factor of P. gingivalis for infection of macrophages in a heme-limited host environment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Śmiga M, Bielecki M, Olczak M, Smalley JW, Olczak T. Anti-HmuY antibodies specifically recognize Porphyromonas gingivalis HmuY protein but not homologous proteins in other periodontopathogens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117508. [PMID: 25658942 PMCID: PMC4320075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the emerging evidence of an association between periodontal infections and systemic conditions, the search for specific methods to detect the presence of P. gingivalis, a principal etiologic agent in chronic periodontitis, is of high importance. The aim of this study was to characterize antibodies raised against purified P. gingivalis HmuY protein and selected epitopes of the HmuY molecule. Since other periodontopathogens produce homologs of HmuY, we also aimed to characterize responses of antibodies raised against the HmuY protein or its epitopes to the closest homologous proteins from Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia. Rabbits were immunized with purified HmuY protein or three synthetic, KLH-conjugated peptides, derived from the P. gingivalis HmuY protein. The reactivity of anti-HmuY antibodies with purified proteins or bacteria was determined using Western blotting and ELISA assay. First, we found homologs of P. gingivalis HmuY in P. intermedia (PinO and PinA proteins) and T. forsythia (Tfo protein) and identified corrected nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Tfo. All proteins were overexpressed in E. coli and purified using ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography and gel filtration. We demonstrated that antibodies raised against P. gingivalis HmuY are highly specific to purified HmuY protein and HmuY attached to P. gingivalis cells. No reactivity between P. intermedia and T. forsythia or between purified HmuY homologs from these bacteria and anti-HmuY antibodies was detected. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that P. gingivalis HmuY protein may serve as an antigen for specific determination of serum antibodies raised against this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Śmiga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Bielecki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Olczak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - John W. Smalley
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Olczak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ascenzi P, di Masi A, Leboffe L, Frangipani E, Nardini M, Verde C, Visca P. Structural Biology of Bacterial Haemophores. Adv Microb Physiol 2015; 67:127-76. [PMID: 26616517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron plays a key role in a wide range of metabolic and signalling functions representing an essential nutrient for almost all forms of life. However, the ferric form is hardly soluble, whereas the ferrous form is highly toxic. Thus, in biological fluids, most of the iron is sequestered in iron- or haem-binding proteins and the level of free iron is low, making haem and iron acquisition a challenge for pathogenic bacteria during infections. Although toxic to the host, free haem is a major and readily available source of iron for several pathogenic microorganisms. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have developed several strategies to acquire free haem-Fe and protein-bound haem-Fe. Haemophores are a class of secreted and cell surface-exposed proteins promoting free-haem uptake, haem extraction from host haem proteins, and haem presentation to specific outer-membrane receptors that internalize the metal-porphyrins. Here, structural biology of bacterial haemophores is reviewed focusing on haem acquisition, haem internalization, and haem-degrading systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Loris Leboffe
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Nardini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Interleukin-6 c.-174G>C Polymorphism and Periodontitis in a Brazilian Population. Mol Biol Int 2014; 2014:490308. [PMID: 25548674 PMCID: PMC4274816 DOI: 10.1155/2014/490308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the teeth supporting structures, triggered by periodontal pathogens, and is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Genes encoding molecules related to the immune response, such as cytokine, are the main candidates for polymorphisms analysis and may be possibly associated with this pathology. A G/C promoter polymorphism on the IL6 gene has been shown to affect basal IL-6 levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the IL6 c.-174G>C polymorphism and periodontitis in individuals from Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Material and Methods. Three hundred and thirty individuals (134 cases, 196 controls) were genotyped for the IL6 c.-174G>C by MS-PCR technique. Concentrations of salivary IL-6 were determined by ELISA method. Results. The IL6 c.-174G>C polymorphism was associated with periodontitis when comparing the distribution of genotypes between patients with periodontitis and control subjects. The GC genotype appeared as a protective factor for periodontitis. Results showed increased levels of salivary IL-6 in periodontitis patients. Nevertheless, there was no relationship between the concentrations of IL-6 and genotypes when comparing the case and control groups. Conclusions. Our data indicate an association between IL6 c.-174G>C polymorphism and periodontitis and showed that IL-6 may be considered an important marker for periodontitis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Reichert S, Schlitt A, Beschow V, Lutze A, Lischewski S, Seifert T, Dudakliewa T, Gawe R, Werdan K, Hofmann B, Schaller HG, Schulz S. Use of floss/interdental brushes is associated with lower risk for new cardiovascular events among patients with coronary heart disease. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:180-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Reichert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - A. Schlitt
- Department of Cardiology; Paracelsus-Harz-Clinic Bad Suderode; Quedlinburg Germany
| | - V. Beschow
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - A. Lutze
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - S. Lischewski
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - T. Seifert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - T. Dudakliewa
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - R. Gawe
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - K. Werdan
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - B. Hofmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - H.-G. Schaller
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - S. Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang S, Hao L, McConnell M, Zhou X, Wang M, Zhang Y, Mountz JD, Reddy M, Eleazer PD, Li YP, Chen W. Inhibition of Rgs10 Expression Prevents Immune Cell Infiltration in Bacteria-induced Inflammatory Lesions and Osteoclast-mediated Bone Destruction. Bone Res 2013; 1:267-281. [PMID: 24761229 DOI: 10.4248/br201303005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein Signaling 10 (Rgs10) plays an important function in osteoclast differentiation. However, the role of Rgs10 in immune cells and inflammatory responses, which activate osteoclasts in inflammatory lesions, such as bacteria-induced periodontal disease lesions, remains largely unknown. In this study, we used an adeno-associated virus (AAV-) mediated RNAi (AAV-shRNA-Rgs10) knockdown approach to study Rgs10's function in immune cells and osteoclasts in bacteria-induced inflammatory lesions in a mouse model of periodontal disease. We found that AAV-shRNA-Rgs10 mediated Rgs10 knockdown impaired osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, local injection of AAV-shRNA-Rgs10 into the periodontal tissues in the bacteria-induced inflammatory lesion greatly decreased the number of dendritic cells, T-cells and osteoclasts, and protected the periodontal tissues from local inflammatory damage and bone destruction. Importantly, AAV-mediated Rgs10 knockdown also reduced local expression of osteoclast markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrate that AAV-shRNA-Rgs10 knockdown in periodontal disease tissues can prevent bone resorption and inflammation simultaneously. Our data indicate that Rgs10 may regulate dendritic cell proliferation and maturation, as well as the subsequent stimulation of T-cell proliferation and maturation, and osteoclast differentiation and activation. Our study suggests that AAV-shRNA-Rgs10 can be useful as a therapeutic treatment of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Matthew McConnell
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John D Mountz
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Reddy
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Paul D Eleazer
- Department of Endodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Carvalho-Filho PC, Trindade SC, Olczak T, Sampaio GP, Oliveira-Neto MG, Santos HA, Pereira BFP, Moura-Costa L, Xavier MT, Meyer R. Porphyromonas gingivalis HmuY stimulates expression of Bcl-2 and Fas by human CD3+ T cells. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:206. [PMID: 24025186 PMCID: PMC3848487 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis is a highly controlled process of cell death that can be induced by periodontopathogens. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of Fas and Bcl-2 proteins by CD3+ T cells in vitro under stimulation by total Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens and purified recombinant P. gingivalis HmuY protein. Results CD3+ T cells derived from CP patients and stimulated with HmuY expressed higher levels of Bcl-2 compared to identical cells stimulated with P. gingivalis crude extract or cells derived from NP control subjects (p = 0.043). Conclusion The authors hypothesize that P. gingivalis HmuY plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, possibly by reducing or delaying apoptosis in T cells through a pathway involving the Bcl-2 protein.
Collapse
|