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Tan J, Lamont GJ, Scott DA. Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:270-290. [PMID: 38229003 PMCID: PMC11250950 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms promote pathogenesis by disguising antigens, facilitating immune evasion, providing protection against antibiotics and other antimicrobials and, generally, fostering survival and persistence. Environmental fluxes are known to influence biofilm formation and composition, with recent data suggesting that tobacco and tobacco-derived stimuli are particularly important mediators of biofilm initiation and development in vitro and determinants of polymicrobial communities in vivo. The evidence for tobacco-augmented biofilm formation by oral bacteria, tobacco-induced oral dysbiosis, tobacco-resistance strategies, and bacterial physiology is summarized herein. A general overview is provided alongside specific insights gained through studies of the model and archetypal, anaerobic, Gram-negative oral pathobiont, Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases,
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gwyneth J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases,
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David A. Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases,
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity,
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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2
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Stocke K, Lamont G, Tan J, Scott DA. Delineation of global, absolutely essential and conditionally essential pangenomes of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22247. [PMID: 39333542 PMCID: PMC11436796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic oral pathobiont, an etiological agent of periodontitis and the most commonly studied periodontal bacterium. Multiple low passage clinical isolates were sequenced, and their genomes compared to several laboratory strains. Phylogenetic distances were mapped, a gene absence-presence matrix generated, and core (present in all genomes) and accessory (absent in one or more genomes) genes delineated. Subsequently, a second pangenome delineating the prevalence of inherently essential genes was generated. The prevalence of genes conditionally essential for surviving tobacco exposure, abscess formation and epithelial invasion was also determined, in addition to genes encoding key proteolytic enzymes containing putative signal peptides. While the absolutely essential pangenome was highly conserved, significant differences in the complete and conditionally essential pangenomes were apparent. Thus, genetic plasticity appears to lie primarily in gene sets facilitating adaptation to variant disease-related environments. Those genes that are highly pervasive in the P. gingivalis absolutely essential pangenome or are highly prevalent and essential for fitness in disease-relevant models, may represent particularly attractive therapeutic targets worthy of further investigation. As mutations in absolutely essential genes are expected to be lethal, the data provided herein should also facilitate improved planning for P. gingivalis gene mutation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Stocke
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Gwyneth Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Ma KSK, Chan SY, Van Dyke TE, Wang SI, Wei JCC, Ashina S. Tooth Loss and Chronic Pain: A Population-based Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104529. [PMID: 38588761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Poor oral health conditions in adults are associated with chronic pain. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the link between tooth loss and chronic pain. The study involved 8,662 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Tooth count was categorized into 4 groups, and chronic pain was defined as persistent pain lasting over 3 months despite treatment. Location of the chronic pain, demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle determinants, and dietary intake were retrieved. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore cross-sectional associations between tooth count and chronic pain. Compared to participants with more than 20 teeth, those with severe tooth loss presented greater odds of chronic pain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.111, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.213-3.676 for patients with 1-8 teeth). Edentulous participants presented with significantly higher odds of chronic pain in the lower extremities (78.4%) and buttocks (49.5%). In the multivariate model, apart from rheumatic arthritis (aOR = 4.004, 95% CI = 2.766-5.798), variables of higher chronic pain included smoking (aOR = 1.518, 95% CI = 1.228-1.878), and hypertension (aOR = 1.463, 95% CI = 1.013-2.112). On the contrary, being Mexican American (aOR = .603, 95% CI = .414-.880) was associated with lower odds of chronic pain. The findings suggested a significant link between chronic pain and tooth loss, independent of ethnicity, lifestyle determinants, and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. PERSPECTIVE: A U.S. nationwide study examined tooth loss and chronic pain. Those with severe tooth loss had increased odds of chronic pain. Edentulous individuals presented higher odds of pain in lower extremities and buttocks. This study highlighted the link between tooth loss and chronic pain, independent of comorbidities and lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Shu-Yen Chan
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shiow-Ing Wang
- Center for Health Data Science, Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sait Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Comprehensive Headache Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Franciotti R, Pignatelli P, D’Antonio DL, Mancinelli R, Fulle S, De Rosa MA, Puca V, Piattelli A, Thomas AM, Onofrj M, Sensi SL, Curia MC. The Immune System Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in Neurological Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2555. [PMID: 37894213 PMCID: PMC10609495 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an association between oral microbial dysbiosis and the development and progression of pathologies in the central nervous system. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone pathogen of the oral cavity, can induce a systemic antibody response measured in patients' sera using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The present case-control study quantified the immune system's response to Pg abundance in the oral cavities of patients affected by different central nervous system pathologies. The study cohort included 87 participants: 23 healthy controls (HC), 17 patients with an acute neurological condition (N-AC), 19 patients with a chronic neurological condition (N-CH), and 28 patients with neurodegenerative disease (N-DEG). The results showed that the Pg abundance in the oral cavity was higher in the N-DEG patients than in the HC (p = 0.0001) and N-AC patients (p = 0.01). In addition, the Pg abundance was higher in the N-CH patients than the HCs (p = 0.005). Only the N-CH patients had more serum anti-Pg antibodies than the HC (p = 0.012). The inadequate response of the immune system of the N-DEG group in producing anti-Pg antibodies was also clearly indicated by an analysis of the ratio between the anti-Pg antibodies quantity and the Pg abundance. Indeed, this ratio was significantly lower between the N-DEG group than all other groups (p = 0.0001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.03 for HC, N-AC, and N-CH, respectively). The immune system's response to Pg abundance in the oral cavity showed a stepwise model: the response diminished progressively from the patients affected with an acute condition to the patients suffering from chronic nervous system disorders and finally to the patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Pamela Pignatelli
- COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande, Viale Jonio, 74122 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Domenica Lucia D’Antonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (M.C.C.)
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Matteo Alessandro De Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Astrid Maria Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Luca Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (M.C.C.)
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Böcher S, Meyer HL, Dafni E, Conrads G. Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Lipoprotein-Gene ragB-1 of Porphyromonas gingivalis-A Pilot Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1458. [PMID: 37760754 PMCID: PMC10525598 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) is a key pathogen involved in periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and phylogenetic origin of the lipoprotein-gene ragB in its most virulent variant, ragB-1 (co-transcribed with ragA-1 as locus rag-1), in different P.g. strains collected worldwide. A total of 138 P.g. strains were analyzed for the presence of ragB-1 by pooled analysis and subsequently individual PCRs. Sequencing a core fragment of ragB-1 of the individual strains made it possible to carry out a phylogenetic classification using sequence alignment. In total, 22 of the 138 P.g. strains tested positive for ragB-1, corresponding to a prevalence of 16%. The fragment investigated was highly conserved, with variations in the base sequence detected in only three strains (OMI 1072, OMI 1081, and OMI 1074). In two strains, namely OMI 1072 (original name: I-433) and OMI 1081 (original name: I-372), which originate from monkeys, two amino-acid alterations were apparent. Since ragB-1 has also been found in animal strains, it may be concluded that rag-1 was transferred from animals to humans and that this originally virulent variant was weakened by mutations over time so that new, less virulent, adapted commensal versions of rag (rag-2, -3, and -4), with P.g. as the host, evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Böcher
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hendrik L. Meyer
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (G.C.)
| | - Evdokia Dafni
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (G.C.)
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (G.C.)
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Villafuerte KRV, Martinez CJH, Palucci Vieira LH, Nobre AV. Benefits of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59040684. [PMID: 37109642 PMCID: PMC10142636 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze evidence of the clinical and microbiological benefits of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in smokers with periodontitis. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, through an electronic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for articles published in English until December 2022. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JADAD scale and the risk of bias was estimated using the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 175 relevant articles, eight RCTs were included. Of these, seven reported clinical results and five microbiological results, with a follow-up time of 3–6 months. A meta-analysis was performed for the probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain at 3 and 6 months. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were counted for the PD and CAL. The overall effect for the PD reduction at 3 and 6 months (WMD = −0.80, 95% CI = −1.44 to −0.17, p = 0.01; WMD = −1.35, 95% CI = −2.23 to −0.46, p = 0.003) was in favor of aPDT. The CAL gain (WMD = 0.79, 95% CI = −1.24 to −0.35, p = 0.0005) was statistically significant at 6 months, in favor of aPDT. In these RCTs, aPDT was unable to demonstrate efficacy in reducing the microbial species associated with periodontitis. aPDT as an adjuvant to SRP improves the PD reduction and CAL gain more effectively than only SRP. RCTs are needed to establish standardized protocols with longer follow-up times in order to provide more results on aPDT adjunctive to SRP in smokers with periodontitis.
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Arévalo-Caro C, Romero-Sánchez C, Garavito-Rodríguez E. Relation between anti- Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody titers and HLA-DRB1 neutral alleles in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:131-139. [PMID: 34379040 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1959053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the relation between titres of anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) antibody and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) HLA-DRB1 susceptibility region associated with shared epitope (SE) using the Gregersen's and de Vries's classification methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, results of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) anti-P. gingivalis antibodies, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), diagnosis for RA, and periodontal disease (PD), and a genetic study of the HLA DRB1 region were obtained from 50 patients with RA and 50 control individuals. RESULTS Anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels and PD parameters were similar in control and RA groups. Anti-P. gingivalis antibodies were not associated with SE or ACPA. There was no association between ACPA and SE. However, de Vries' classification in RA patients revealed an association between the HLA DRB1 neutral alleles and higher titres of anti-P. gingivalis antibodies as follows: IgG1 anti-P. gingivalis ≥ 1:400 (p = .039); IgG2 anti-P. gingivalis ≥ 1:400 with neutral/neutral genotype (N/N), being exclusive for RA (p = .008); and IgG2 anti-P. gingivalis ≥ 1:200 and N/N (p = .016). CONCLUSIONS Although no association was found between SE and anti-P. gingivalis antibodies; according to the de Vries' classification, there was an existing association between HLA DRB1 neutral alleles, with high titres of IgG anti-P.gingivalis antibodies for RA, focussing on novel associations between P.gingivalis and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Arévalo-Caro
- Grupo de Investigación en Periodoncia y Medicina Periodontal, Centro de Investigación y Extensión, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Romero-Sánchez
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department Hospital Militar Central, Grupo Inmunología Clínica Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá-Colombia. Universidad El Bosque, Facultad de Odontología, Grupo de Inmunologia Celular y Molecular InmuBo, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edgar Garavito-Rodríguez
- Department of Morphology, Genetics Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Brandi G, Turroni S, McAllister F, Frega G. The Human Microbiomes in Pancreatic Cancer: Towards Evidence-Based Manipulation Strategies? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9914. [PMID: 34576078 PMCID: PMC8471697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent pieces of evidence have emerged on the relevance of microorganisms in modulating responses to anticancer treatments and reshaping the tumor-immune microenvironment. On the one hand, many studies have addressed the role of the gut microbiota, providing interesting correlative findings with respect to etiopathogenesis and treatment responses. On the other hand, intra-tumoral bacteria are being recognized as intrinsic and essential components of the cancer microenvironment, able to promote a plethora of tumor-related aspects from cancer growth to resistance to chemotherapy. These elements will be probably more and more valuable in the coming years in early diagnosis and risk stratification. Furthermore, microbial-targeted intervention strategies may be used as adjuvants to current therapies to improve therapeutic responses and overall survival. This review focuses on new insights and therapeutic approaches that are dawning against pancreatic cancer: a neoplasm that arises in a central metabolic "hub" interfaced between the gut and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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9
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Potempa J, Madej M, Scott DA. The RagA and RagB proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2021; 36:225-232. [PMID: 34032024 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RagA and RagB proteins are major components of the outer membrane of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and, while recently suggested to represent a novel peptide uptake system, their full function is still under investigation. Herein, we (a) discuss the evidence that the rag locus contributes to P. gingivalis virulence; (b) provide insight to Rag protein potential biological function in macromolecular transport and other aspects of bacterial physiology; (c) address the host response to Rag proteins which are immunodominant and immunomodulatory; and (d) review the potential of Rag-focused therapeutic strategies for the control of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Madej
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Zhang Y, Kang N, Xue F, Qiao J, Duan J, Chen F, Cai Y. Evaluation of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 34001101 PMCID: PMC8130171 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) are related to periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers and to build a prediction panel for diagnosing periodontal disease. Methods A total of 80 participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and divided into healthy (n = 25), gingivitis (n = 24), and periodontitis (n = 31) groups based on their periodontal exam results. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed and unstimulated saliva was collected. Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Their potentials for diagnosing periodontal disease were analyzed and combined prediction panels of periodontal disease were evaluated. Results As a single marker, IL-1β showed the best diagnostic value of the four markers evaluated and exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.88 with 90% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects, an AUC value of 0.80 with 83% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects and an AUC value of 0.66 with 68% sensitivity and 64% specificity for differentiating periodontitis subjects from gingivitis subjects. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg exhibited the highest efficacy for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.94) and gingivitis subjects (AUC = 0.77). The combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 exhibited the best ability to discriminate gingivitis from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.84). Conclusions Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg showed significant effectiveness for diagnosing periodontal disease. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg can be used to discriminate periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects and gingivitis subjects, and the combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 can be used to discriminate gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Kang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Duan
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, No.11 Beijing Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Ebersole JL, Hamzeh R, Nguyen L, Al-Sabbagh M, Dawson D. Variations in IgG antibody subclass responses to oral bacteria: Effects of periodontal disease and modifying factors. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:863-876. [PMID: 33826149 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Local and systemic IgG antibodies or oral bacteria have been described with periodontitis. We extended these observations by assessing the impact of a range of intrinsic factors on serum IgG subclass antibodies to both commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria that would contribute to variations in immune protection or disease susceptibility in periodontitis have not been described. METHODS Subjects (n = 278) were classified as healthy, gingivitis, or periodontitis and categorized as mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Demographic stratification included sex, age, race/ethnicity, smoking, and obesity. Whole formalin-fixed bacteria were used as antigens to detect serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclass antibody levels using an ELISA. RESULTS The greatest differences in variations in IgG subclasses occurred in periodontitis versus health or gingivitis to bacteria considered oral pathogens (eg, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola) with IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 increased by three- to sevenfold with Pg. Differences in subclass levels and distribution were also observed related to disease severity, particularly related to individual subclass responses to Pg. Examination of the overall population showed that females had elevated antibody, reflected by elevated IgG2 amounts/proportions. The older group of subjects demonstrated elevated antibody to multiple oral bacteria, lacking any particular subclass pattern. IgG2 antibody to Aa and Pg was increased in smokers. Multiple IgG subclass antibody levels to oral pathogens were significantly decreased in the obese subset within this population. CONCLUSION This investigation identified patterns of IgG subclass antibody responses to oral bacteria and demonstrated substantial effects of disease impacting the level and subclass distribution of antibody to an array of oral bacteria. Altered subclass antibody profiles most often in IgG2 levels and for antibody to P. gingivalis were found related to sex, age, disease severity, race/ethnicity, smoking, and obesity to both pathogens and commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Razan Hamzeh
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Mohanad Al-Sabbagh
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dolph Dawson
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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12
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Bunte K, Kuhn C, Walther C, Peters U, Aarabi G, Smeets R, Beikler T. Clinical significance of ragA, ragB, and PG0982 genes in Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates from periodontitis patients. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12776. [PMID: 33667038 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Consistent detection of ragA, ragB, and PG0982 in the genome of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) isolates from periodontitis patients suggests that genotypes containing these genes may influence virulence and P. gingivalis-associated periodontitis progression. This study evaluated the prevalence of these genes in P. gingivalis isolates from periodontitis patients (n = 28) and in isolates from periodontally healthy P. gingivalis carriers (n = 34). The association of these genes with progression of periodontitis, in vitro cell invasiveness, and bacterial survival following periodontal therapy was also assessed. Periodontal charting and microbiological sampling were done at baseline, and at 6, 12, and 24 months following subgingival debridement of the periodontitis patients. Healthy controls were assessed at baseline for comparison. P. gingivalis isolates were analysed by ragA, ragB, and PG0982 specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Primary human gingival fibroblasts were used for invasion experiments. Results showed that 25% of the tested isolates from the periodontitis group had ragB detected, whereas this gene was undetected in isolates from healthy participants. However, none of the selected genes was associated with an increased cell invasiveness in vitro, with bacterial survival, or with significant clinical periodontal parameter changes. Identification of genes that influence P.gingivalis virulence and therapeutic outcome may have a diagnostic or prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Bunte
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Carolin Walther
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory, multifactorial diseases where the major triggering factors for disease onset are bacteria and their toxins, but the major part of tissue destruction occurs as a result of host response towards the periodontal microbiome. Periodontal microbiome consists of a wide range of microorganisms including obligate and facultative anaerobes. In health, there is a dynamic balance between the host, environment, and the microbiome. Environmental factors, mainly tobacco smoking and psychological stress, disrupt the symbiotic relationship. Tobacco smoke and its components alter the bacterial surface and functions such as growth. Psychological stressors and stress hormones may affect the outcome of an infection by changing the virulence factors and/or host response. This review aims to provide currently available data on the effects of the major environmental factors on the periodontal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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14
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Ebersole JL, Al-Sabbagh M, Dawson DR. Heterogeneity of human serum antibody responses to P. gingivalis in periodontitis: Effects of age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Immunol Lett 2020; 218:11-21. [PMID: 31863783 PMCID: PMC6956649 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging humans display an increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis, although the mechanisms underlying these findings remain poorly understood. This report examined antigenic diversity of P. gingivalis related to disease presence and patient demographics. Serum IgG antibody to P. gingivalis strains ATCC33277, FDC381, W50 (ATCC53978), W83, A7A1-28 (ATCC53977) and A7436 was measured in 426 participants [periodontally healthy (n = 61), gingivitis (N = 66) or various levels of periodontitis (N = 299)]. We hypothesized that antigenic diversity in P. gingivalis could contribute to a lack of "immunity" in the chronic infections of periodontal disease. Across the strains, the antibody levels in the oldest age group were lower than in the youngest groups, and severe periodontitis patients did not show higher antibody with aging. While 80 % of the periodontitis patients in any age group showed an elevated response to at least one of the P. gingivalis strains, the patterns of individual responses in the older group were also substantially different than the other age groups. Significantly greater numbers of older patients showed strain-specific antibody profiles to only 1 strain. The findings support that P. gingivalis may demonstrate antigenic diversity/drift within patients and could be one factor to help explain the inefficiency/ineffectiveness of the adaptive immune response in managing the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas and Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, United States.
| | - M Al-Sabbagh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas and Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - D R Dawson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas and Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, United States
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15
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Lin D, Hutchison KE, Portillo S, Vegara V, Ellingson JM, Liu J, Krauter KS, Carroll-Portillo A, Calhoun VD. Association between the oral microbiome and brain resting state connectivity in smokers. Neuroimage 2019; 200:121-131. [PMID: 31201984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a critical role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in brain and behavior via the complex gut-microbiome-brain axis. However, the influence of the oral microbiome in neurological processes is much less studied, especially in response to the stimuli, such as smoking, within the oral microenvironment. Additionally, given the complex structural and functional networks in brain, our knowledge about the relationship between microbiome and brain function through specific brain circuits is still very limited. In this pilot study, we leveraged next generation sequencing for microbiome and functional neuroimaging technique to enable the delineation of microbiome-brain network links as well as their relationship to cigarette smoking. Thirty smokers and 30 age- and sex-matched nonsmokers were recruited for 16S sequencing of their oral microbial community. Among them, 56 subjects were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to derive brain functional networks. Statistical analyses were performed to demonstrate the influence of smoking on the oral microbial composition, functional network connectivity, and the associations between microbial shifts and functional network connectivity alternations. Compared to nonsmokers, we found a significant decrease of beta diversity (P = 6 × 10-3) in smokers and identified several classes (Betaproteobacteria, Spirochaetia, Synergistia, and Mollicutes) with significant alterations in microbial abundance. Pathway analysis on the predicted KEGG pathways shows that the microbiota with altered abundance are mainly involved in pathways related to cell processes, DNA repair, immune system, and neurotransmitters signaling. One brain functional network connectivity component was identified to have a significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers (P = 0.032), mainly including connectivity between brain default network and other task-positive networks. This brain functional component was also significantly associated with smoking related microbiota, suggesting a correlated cross-individual pattern between smoking-induced oral microbiome dysbiosis and brain functional connectivity alternation, possibly involving immunological and neurotransmitter signaling pathways. This work is the first attempt to link oral microbiome and brain functional networks, and provides support for future work in characterizing the role of oral microbiome in mediating smoking effects on brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University], Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Salvador Portillo
- University of New Mexico, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Victor Vegara
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University], Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jarrod M Ellingson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; University of New Mexico, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University], Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Kenneth S Krauter
- Molecular,Cellular,and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- University of New Mexico, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; University of New Mexico, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University], Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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16
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Hanioka T, Morita M, Yamamoto T, Inagaki K, Wang PL, Ito H, Morozumi T, Takeshita T, Suzuki N, Shigeishi H, Sugiyama M, Ohta K, Nagao T, Hanada N, Ojima M, Ogawa H. Smoking and periodontal microorganisms. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2019; 55:88-94. [PMID: 31049117 PMCID: PMC6484221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolution of dysbiosis following treatment for periodontal disease and tobacco dependence has been reported in longitudinal intervention studies. In the present report, we evaluated the biological findings regarding the effect of smoking on the periodontal microbiome. A standardized electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE; overall, 1099 papers were extracted. Studies that addressed the relationship between tobacco and periodontal pathogens were included. Finally, 42 papers were deemed appropriate for the present review. Functional changes in periodontal pathogens exposed to nicotine and cigarette smoke extract support the clinical findings regarding dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome. Dysbiosis of the periodontal microbiome was presented in smokers regardless of their periodontal condition (healthy, gingivitis, or periodontitis) and remained significant only in smokers even after the resolution of experimentally-induced gingivitis and following reduction of clinical signs of periodontitis with non-surgical periodontal treatment and over 3 months post-therapy. Based on these findings, smoking cessation in periodontitis patients is beneficial for promoting a health-compatible subgingival microbial community. To maximize the benefits of these interventions in dental settings, further studies on periodontal microbiome are needed to elucidate the impact of tobacco intervention on preventing recurrence of periodontal destruction in the susceptible subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hanioka
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Disaster Medicine and Dental Sociology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan
| | - Koji Inagaki
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi Gakuin Junior College, Japan
| | - Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Dental Education Innovation, Osaka Dental University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Toru Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Toru Nagao
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Japan
| | - Miki Ojima
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Care, BAIKA Women's University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and WHO Collaborating Center for Translation of Oral Health Science, Niigata University, Japan
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17
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Kanmaz B, Lamont G, Danacı G, Gogeneni H, Buduneli N, Scott DA. Microbiological and biochemical findings in relation to clinical periodontal status in active smokers, non-smokers and passive smokers. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:20. [PMID: 31582931 PMCID: PMC6751988 DOI: 10.18332/tid/104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette users are more susceptible than non-smokers to periodontitis, a bacterial-induced, inflammation-driven, destructive disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth. We hypothesized that clinical periodontal findings and microbiological and/or inflammatory marker levels would be intermediate in those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke compared to active smokers and non-smokers. METHODS Sixty individuals were recruited from a University periodontal clinic and assigned as non-smokers, active smokers or passive-smokers according to their self reports. Clinical periodontal measurements, comprising plaque index, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing, were recorded at six sites per tooth. Cotinine levels were determined in whole saliva samples by EIA. Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection was determined by PCR, while matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Study groups were subsequently reassigned in accordance with the cotinine data. The smoker group exhibited higher mean PD and CAL values compared to the non-smoker group (p<0.05). Passive-smokers exhibited PD and CAL values smaller than those of the active smokers and greater than those of the non-smokers, but the differences were not statistically significant. PD and CAL values correlated with cotinine concentrations (p<0.05). P. gingivalis infection was noted in most subjects, irrespective of smoking status. T. denticola infection was noted in 4/23 (17.4%) smokers, 0/16 (0%) environmentally-exposed recruits and 2/21 (9.5%) non-smokers. Salivary MMP-8 and IL-8 levels were lower in smokers compared to both non-smokers and passive-smokers but the differences were not significant (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present clinical periodontal findings provide further support for a negative, dose-related effect of tobacco exposure on periodontal health. The tendency for a more prevalent detection of T. denticola and for a suppressed inflammatory response observed in the smokers may partly explain the increased susceptibility to periodontal tissue destruction, but needs to be verified in larger scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Kanmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gwyneth Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Gülcan Danacı
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Himabindu Gogeneni
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
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18
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Buduneli N, Scott DA. Tobacco-induced suppression of the vascular response to dental plaque. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:271-282. [PMID: 29768735 PMCID: PMC8246627 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking presents oral health professionals with a clinical and research conundrum: reduced periodontal vascular responsiveness to the oral biofilm accompanied by increased susceptibility to destructive periodontal diseases. This presents a significant problem, hampering diagnosis and complicating treatment planning. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporary hypotheses that help to explain mechanistically the phenomenon of a suppressed bleeding response to dysbiotic plaque in the periodontia of smokers. The influence of smoke exposure on angiogenesis, innate cell function, the production of inflammatory mediators including cytokines and proteases, tobacco-bacteria interactions, and potential genetic predisposition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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19
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Wagenknecht DR, BalHaddad AA, Gregory RL. Effects of Nicotine on Oral Microorganisms, Human Tissues, and the Interactions between Them. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Imamura K, Kokubu E, Kita D, Ota K, Yoshikawa K, Ishihara K, Saito A. Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in migration of gingival epithelial cells in response to stimulation by cigarette smoke condensate and infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:613-21. [PMID: 26667496 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke (CS) and periodontal pathogens could alter wound healing responses of gingival epithelial cells. To elucidate molecular mechanisms leading to these epithelial changes, we studied the signaling pathway involved in the modulation of cell migration by CS condensate (CSC) and the infection by a prominent periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human gingival epithelial cells (Ca9-22) were treated with CSC or vehicle control for 24 h. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in cells with or without infection by P. gingivalis was assessed by polymerase chain reaction array and immunoblotting using phospho-specific antibodies. Cell migration was assessed using in vitro wound closure model, and specific pharmacologic inhibitors of MAPK pathways were used to characterize further the extent of involvement of the MAPK pathways. RESULTS Polymerase chain reaction array showed that gene expression of several members of the MAPK, particularly p38 and JNK, was upregulated more than twofold in Ca9-22 cells stimulated with 10 μg/mL CSC. Coincubation with P. gingivalis induced a different pattern of gene expression for MAPK pathways, but it did not suppress the MAPK-related genes upregulated by CSC. A significant phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 was observed in cells stimulated with 10 μg/mL CSC (p < 0.05), whereas coincubation with a higher concentration of CSC (250 μg/mL) evoked no such activation. P. gingivalis infection resulted in a tendency to reduce the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, which had been enhanced by stimulation with 10 μg/mL CSC. Incubation with ERK1/2 and p38 inhibitors significantly reduced the wound closure of CSC-stimulated cells, by approximately 43% and 46%, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CSC exerts effects on the migration of human gingival epithelial cells through the activation of the MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. P. gingivalis infection attenuates the CSC-induced migration at least partly by suppressing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, but other pathways are likely to be involved in this modulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Imamura
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Kita
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ota
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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He CY, Gao XQ, Jiang LP. The impact of smoking on levels of chronic periodontitis-associated biomarkers. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:110-5. [PMID: 27450647 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of smoking on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 in patients with chronic periodontitis (ChP). METHODS This is an ex-vivo study. Our study consisted of 78 cases, all of which were diagnosed with ChP and were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these 78 cases, 38 patients were classified into the smoking group (S-ChP group), and 40 patients in the non-smoking group (NS-ChP group). The clinical periodontal parameters of all patients were recorded, including the plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), loss of attachment (LA) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI). Serum was collected from forearm blood to establish a Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) internalizing KB cell model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the KB cell lysis solution as well as IL-10 and TNF-α in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). RESULTS Fewer Pg internalizing KB cell colonies were observed in the NS-ChP group than in the S-ChP group (P<0.01). When 400μL serum was added, there were remarkable differences in the concentrations of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 secreted from the KB cells between the S-ChP and NS-ChP groups (MMP-1: t=-21.71, P<0.01; TIMP-1: t=64.35, P<0.001). Additionally, when 800μL serum was added, there were significant differences in the concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the KB cells between the S-ChP and NS-ChP groups (MMP-1: t=-81.89, P<0.001; MMP-9: t=-15.67, P<0.001; TIMP-1: t=109.4, P<0.001). The TNF-α levels were higher, but the IL-10 levels were lower in the GCF from the ChP patients in the S-ChP group than those in the NS-ChP group (both P<0.001). CONCLUSION The serum of S-ChP patients can enhance the concentrations of MMP-1 and MMP-9, but reduce TIMP-1 secreted from Pg internalizing KB cells. However, the concentration of TNF-α was increased and IL-10 was decreased. Abnormal concentrations of ChP-associated biomarkers may be conducive to the development and progression of ChP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan He
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China
| | - Xiu-Qiu Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China.
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22
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Gómez Real F, Pérez Barrionuevo L, Franklin K, Lindberg E, Bertelsen RJ, Benediktsdóttir B, Forsberg B, Gislason T, Jögi R, Johannessen A, Omenaas E, Saure E, Schlünssen V, Skorge TD, Torén K, Pérez Saavedra A, Svanes Ø, Åstrøm AN, Janson C, Svanes C. The Association of Gum Bleeding with Respiratory Health in a Population Based Study from Northern Europe. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147518. [PMID: 26808490 PMCID: PMC4725728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little knowledge about how oral and respiratory health is interrelated even though the mucosa of the oral cavity and airways constitutes a continuum and the exposures to these are partly similar. AIMS To investigate whether gum bleeding is related to asthma, respiratory symptoms and self-reported COPD. METHODS A postal questionnaire including questions about respiratory and oral health was sent to general population samples in seven Northern European centres. In 13,409 responders, gum bleeding when brushing teeth was reported always/often by 4% and sometimes by 20%. Logistic regressions accounted for age, smoking, educational level, centre and gender. Effects of BMI, cardio-metabolic diseases, early life factors, gastro-oesophageal reflux, dental hygiene, nasal congestion, and asthma medication were addressed. RESULTS Gum bleeding always/often was significantly associated with ≥ 3 asthma symptoms (OR 2.58, 95% CI 2.10-3.18), asthma (1.62 [1.23-2.14]) and self-reported COPD (2.02 [1.28-3.18]). There was a dose-response relationship between respiratory outcomes and gum bleeding frequency (≥ 3 symptoms: gum bleeding sometimes 1.42 [1.25-1.60], often/always 2.58 [2.10-3.18]), and there was no heterogeneity between centres (p(heterogeneity) = 0.49). None of the investigated risk factors explained the associations. The observed associations were significantly stronger among current smokers (p(interaction) = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS A consistent link between gum bleeding and obstructive airways disease was observed, not explained by common risk factors or metabolic factors. We speculate that oral pathogens might have unfavourable impact on the airways, and that the direct continuity of the mucosa of the oral cavity and the airways reflects a pathway that might provide novel opportunities for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Karl Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rain Jögi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ernst Omenaas
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirunn Saure
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kjell Torén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Øistein Svanes
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Padmalatha GV, Bavle RM, Satyakiran GVV, Paremala K, Sudhakara M, Makarla S. Quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis patients associated with diabetes mellitus using real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:413-418. [PMID: 27721606 PMCID: PMC5051289 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.190933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontal diseases, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss and affect at least one tooth in 80% of adults worldwide, with the main cause being a bacterial plaque. Among subgingival plaque bacterial species, Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as a major etiological agent causing tooth loss. Diabetics and smokers are two patient groups at high risk for periodontal disease. The increase in the number of this organism with the coexistence of other pathogenic microbes leads to rapid destruction of the periodontium, premature loss of teeth and also because of its virulence has implications in systemic pathology. Our aim was to observe the involvement of P. gingivalis in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients associated with periodontitis with and without tobacco-associated habits and to compare them with periodontitis patients having no other systemic pathologies. Materials and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from a total of seventy subjects were included in the study. DNA was isolated from the collected sample and was quantified using spectrophotometer for standardizing the polymerase chain reaction. The quantity of the isolated DNA was checked in a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotomer. Statistics: One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures were carried out. Results: The maximum score of P. gingivalis was seen in periodontitis patients having DM, whereas the least score was seen in periodontitis patients having DM with tobacco smoking habit compared to the other groups. Conclusion: P. gingivalis count is significantly reduced in periodontitis patients having DM with smoking habit; it is concluded that P. gingivalis might not be a key causative organism responsible for the periodontal destruction in case of smokers despite the DM condition. The decrease in counts may be attributed to change in the local environment like chemical (tobacco nitrosamines) and physical changes preventing the growth of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Padmalatha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhika M Bavle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - K Paremala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Sudhakara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya Makarla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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24
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Bunaes DF, Lie SA, Enersen M, Aastrøm AN, Mustafa K, Leknes KN. Site-specific treatment outcome in smokers following non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:933-42. [PMID: 26407817 PMCID: PMC6207927 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of smoking at patient, tooth, and site level following non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy. Material and Methods Eighty chronic periodontitis patients, 40 smokers and 40 non‐smokers, were recruited to this single‐arm clinical trial. Smoking status was validated by measuring serum cotinine levels. Periodontal examinations were performed at baseline (T0) and 3 months following non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy (T1). At T0 and T1, subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest periodontal pocket in each patient and analysed using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm with bleeding on probing (BoP) was defined as the primary outcome. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses, corrected for clustered observations within patients and teeth, were conducted comparing smokers with non‐smokers. Results Clinical parameters significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.001). An association was revealed between smoking and PD ≥ 5 mm with BoP (OR= 1.90, CI: 1.14, 3.15, p = 0.013), especially for plaque‐positive sites (OR= 4.14, CI: 2.16, 7.96, p < 0.001). A significant reduction of red complex microbiota was observed for non‐smokers only (p = 0.010). Conclusion Smokers respond less favourably to non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy compared with non‐smokers, in particular at plaque‐positive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar F Bunaes
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Atle Lie
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Enersen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Nordrehaug Aastrøm
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut N Leknes
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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25
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Hanioka T, Ojima M, Kawaguchi Y, Hirata Y, Ogawa H, Hinode D, Hanada N, Inoshita E. Education on tobacco use interventions for undergraduate dental students. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Gogeneni H, Buduneli N, Ceyhan-Öztürk B, Gümüş P, Akcali A, Zeller I, Renaud DE, Scott DA, Özçaka Ö. Increased infection with key periodontal pathogens during gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:506-12. [PMID: 25959628 PMCID: PMC4699310 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gingivitis, infection with specific periodontal pathogens and systemic inflammation each increase the risk for poor pregnancy outcome. We set out to monitor the interactions of gingivitis and GDM with respect to oral infection and the systemic inflammatory burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four case-control groups (n = 117) were recruited, (1) No gingivitis, No GDM (n = 27); (2) Gingivitis, No GDM (n = 31); (3) No gingivitis, GDM (n = 21); and (4) Gingivitis, GDM (n = 38). Oral infection with three key periodontal pathogens was determined by PCR. Systemic inflammation was determined by quantification of CRP by EIA. RESULTS Gingivitis during pregnancy was associated with oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis and Treponema denticola and combinations thereof (all p < 0.01). GDM was also associated with increased infection with individual and multiple oral pathogens (all p < 0.05). Gingivitis during pregnancy led to a 325% increase in systemic CRP (mean, 2495 versus 8116 ng/ml, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes and gingivitis act in concert to increase risk biomarkers for poor pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Gogeneni
- Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Ceyhan-Öztürk
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Aydın State Hospital, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Pınar Gümüş
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aliye Akcali
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Iris Zeller
- Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Diane E. Renaud
- Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David A. Scott
- Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Özgün Özçaka
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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27
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Hutcherson JA, Bagaitkar J, Nagano K, Yoshimura F, Wang HH, Scott DA. Porphyromonas gingivalis RagB is a proinflammatory signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 agonist. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:242-52. [PMID: 25418117 PMCID: PMC4624316 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are semi-ubiquitous and caused by chronic, plaque-induced inflammation. The 55-kDa immunodominant RagB outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, has been proposed to facilitate nutrient transport. However, potential interactions between RagB and the innate response have not been examined. We determined that RagB exposure led to the differential and dose-related expression of multiple genes encoding proinflammatory mediators [interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2; all P < 0.05] in primary human monocytes and to the secretion of tumor necrosis factor and IL-8, but not interferon-γ or IL-12. RagB was shown to be a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 agonist that activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 and nuclear factor-κB signaling, as determined by a combination of blocking antibodies, pharmaceutical inhibitors and gene silencing. In keeping, a ΔragB mutant similarly exhibited reduced inflammatory capacity, which was rescued by ragB complementation. These results suggest that RagB elicits a major pro-inflammatory response in primary human monocytes and, therefore, could play an important role in the etiology of periodontitis and systemic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Hutcherson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakui University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakui University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakui University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Yoshimura
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakui University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Huizhi H. Wang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakui University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakui University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - David A. Scott
- Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakui University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Aichi Gakui University, Nagoya, Japan
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28
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Hutcherson JA, Scott DA, Bagaitkar J. Scratching the surface - tobacco-induced bacterial biofilms. Tob Induc Dis 2015; 13:1. [PMID: 25670926 PMCID: PMC4323140 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-014-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual environmental factors, such as iron, temperature and oxygen, are known to have a profound effect on bacterial phenotype. Therefore, it is surprising so little known is about the influence of chemically complex cigarette smoke on bacterial physiology. Recent evidence has demonstrated that tobacco smoke and components alter the bacterial surface and promote biofilm formation in several important human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumonia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the relevance to increased susceptibility to infectious disease in smokers and to treatment are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Hutcherson
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 501 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
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