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Liu X, Wang F, Wang X, Luan Q. Impact of body mass index and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes on periodontal health in Chinese women with PCOS and periodontitis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2405097. [PMID: 39305479 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2405097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) subtypes on periodontal parameters in Chinese women with PCOS and periodontitis. METHOD We conducted a retrospective case-control study analyzing data from 88 women with PCOS and 82 healthy controls. Participants were categorized by BMI (<24.0 kg/m2and ≥24.0 kg/m2) and PCOS subtypes. We compared periodontal parameters [including probing depth (PD), gingival bleeding index (GBI)] and reproductive hormone-related parameters. RESULTS Women with PCOS and periodontitis had a significantly higher GBI (2.71 ± 0.53) compared to controls (2.25 ± 0.41, p < 0.0001). Among patients with BMI <24.0 kg/m2, those with PCOS had a younger age [25.00(5.00) vs. 26.00(6.00) years, p < 0.05], lower PD [3.24(0.55) mm vs. 3.43 (0.48) mm, p < 0.01], and higher GBI [2.63(0.76) vs. 2.23(0.55), p < 0.0001]. For BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2, PCOS patients had a higher GBI [2.91(0.36) vs. 2.38(0.59), p < 0.01] but a lower percentage of severe periodontal disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION PCOS could potentially worsen gingival inflammation among women already suffering from periodontitis, and a higher BMI might further intensify this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengran Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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Jaglan S, Tewari S, Singhal SR, Sharma RK. Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Periodontal Status of Women of Adolescent and Adult Age Groups: A Cross-Sectional Study. Med Princ Pract 2024; 33:148-156. [PMID: 38211576 PMCID: PMC11095622 DOI: 10.1159/000536223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is identified as the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, and symptoms of PCOS appear during the early pubertal age. There is a gap in knowledge in recognizing the status of gingival inflammation/periodontal destruction and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hsCRP) in adolescents versus adults with PCOS. This study aimed to observe the impact of PCOS on periodontal status and systemic inflammation in adolescents and compared them with adults with PCOS. METHODS A total of 100 newly diagnosed female subjects with PCOS were enrolled into two groups: adolescents (11-19 years, n = 50) and adult females (20-40 years, n = 50). Periodontal parameters, anthropometric parameters, PCOS phenotype, hirsutism score, and serum hsCRP levels were recorded. RESULTS High levels of mean hsCRP, gingival index, and bleeding on probing % were observed in adolescent and adult PCOS groups, though nonsignificant between the groups (p > 0.05). Significantly more sites with probing pocket depth 3-4 mm, higher mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and sites with CAL 1-2 mm, and high frequency of patients (n = 11) with periodontitis (stage 1) were observed in adults with PCOS compared to adolescents (p ≤ 0.05). Similar and predominant prevalence of PCOS phenotype A (66%) and moderate hirsutism (46% adolescents vs. 58% adults) were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION Similar levels of hsCRP and periodontal inflammation were found in adolescents and adults with PCOS. More periodontal tissue destruction was observed in adults with PCOS as compared to adolescents with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jaglan
- Department of Periodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Shikha Tewari
- Department of Periodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Savita Rani Singhal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar Sharma
- Department of Periodontics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
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Min Q, Chen Y, Geng H, Gao Q, Zhang X, Xu M. Causal relationship between PCOS and related sex hormones with oral inflammatory diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1282056. [PMID: 38264282 PMCID: PMC10803436 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1282056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have identified a strong association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hormone levels related to oral inflammatory diseases. To better understand the relationship between them, we conducted an analysis using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods We gathered summary statistical data from previously published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on PCOS and three sex hormones (AMH, Estradiol, LH) along with four oral inflammatory diseases (painful gums, loose teeth, mouth ulcers, and toothache). We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables and employed four types of MR analysis methods to evaluate causal relationships between exposure and outcome. Finally, the robustness of our results was further validated through sensitivity tests and reverse MR. Results We observed that PCOS could increase the risk of mouth ulcers (ORIVW= 1.0013, 95%CI: 1.0001-1.0025, PIVW = 0.0278), painful gums (ORIVW= 1.0015, 95%CI:1.0003-1.0027, PIVW = 0.0163), and loose teeth (ORIVW= 1.0014, 95%CI: 1.0001-1.0027, PIVW = 0.0328). Moreover, LH was also found to increase the risk of mouth ulcers (ORIVW= 1.0031, 95%CI: 0.0001-1.0062, PIVW = 0.0457). MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and WE indicated similar results. Additionally, we discovered no causal link between PCOS and toothache (PIVW>0.05), LH and painful gums, loose teeth, or toothache (PIVW>0.05), or AMH and Estradiol level with any of the four oral diseases (PIVW>0.05). Conclusion Our research provides new insights and references for exploring the effects of PCOS and related hormones on oral inflammatory lesions. For patients with PCOS, especially those with elevated LH levels, early intervention measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusi Min
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongling Geng
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pavankumar S, Yellarthi PK, Jn S, Boyapati R, Damera TK, G NVK. Evaluation of periodontal status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome versus healthy women: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2023; 40:S17-S22. [PMID: 37157778 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 4% to 12% of females of reproductive age. Previous studies have shown an association between systemic and periodontal diseases. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of periodontal disease in women with PCOS and healthy women. METHODS A total of 196 women aged 17 to 45 years were included in this study. Oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), community periodontal index (CPI), and loss of attachment (LA) were assessed. Individuals who smoked, were pregnant, had any systemic disease (such as type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, osteoporosis, and thyroid dysfunction), had a history of systemic antibiotic use in the past three months, or received any periodontal intervention in the past 6 months of screening were excluded. Student t-test was used to analyze the data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Despite similar OHI-S scores (p=0.972) in the two groups, women with PCOS had significantly higher GI, CPI, and LA scores than healthy women (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Periodontal disease was more prevalent in women with PCOS than in healthy women. This finding may be due to the synergistic effects of PCOS and periodontitis on proinflammatory cytokines. PCOS may have an effect on periodontal disease, and vice versa. Hence, education on periodontal health and early detection and intervention for periodontal diseases is of paramount importance in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Pavankumar
- Department of Periodontics, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Yellarthi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Sandeep Jn
- Department of Periodontics, V.S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | - Naveen Vital Kumar G
- Department of Periodontics, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India
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Hu D, Wang J, Cheng T, Li H, Zhang F, Zhao D, Xu X, Yu R, Wen P, Cheng Y, Xu J, Jin L, Yao J. Comparative analysis of serum and saliva samples using Raman spectroscopy: a high-throughput investigation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and periodontitis. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:522. [PMID: 37794378 PMCID: PMC10552415 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontitis significantly affect women's oral and systemic health worldwide, and yet increase the risk of cardiovascular-metabolic diseases like diabetes and coronary heart disease. Regarding the PCOS-periodontitis connection, whether sex hormones, metabolic and inflammatory mediators could account for the underlying linking mechanism needs to be further investigated. This case-control study evaluated the hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory profiles in PCOS and non-PCOS subjects with various periodontal conditions, via assessing serum and saliva samples by Raman spectroscopy. METHODS A total of 66 females with PCOS and 22 systemically healthy female volunteers were recruited in a single hospital. Full-mouth periodontal examination was undertaken for identifying the subjects with periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. The datasets of sex hormones and metabolic indicators were retrieved from the hospital information system. Both serum and saliva samples were collected for detecting inflammatory mediators and Raman spectroscopic assessment. The subjects were categorized into four groups according to their conditions of PCOS and periodontitis for Raman spectroscopic analysis. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to examine the inter-group differences in Raman spectra. RESULTS PCOS patients exhibited greater mean probing depth (P < 0.05) and higher serum levels of triglycerides (P < 0.05) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (P < 0.05) than those in non-PCOS participants. Both probing depth and triglyceride level were positively correlated with PCOS (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in mean Raman spectra of saliva samples among the four groups with different conditions of PCOS and periodontitis (P < 0.05), while no significant inter-group difference existed in serum samples. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that periodontal condition may affect the biomolecular profiles of Raman spectra in serum and saliva of PCOS patients. It underscores the importance of the collaborative teamwork of dentists and gynecologists for enhancing women's oral health, general wellbeing and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Tianfan Cheng
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Department of Science & Education, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Science & Education, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Department of Science & Education, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Yunfei Cheng
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jilong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China.
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Mariam S, Mali A, Khan S, Agrawal N, Gupta J, Khalique N. Comparative Assessment of Periodontal Status in Subjects with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and its Correlation with Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:798-801. [PMID: 37970163 PMCID: PMC10637597 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1012_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
New avenues for research have opened, which assess the influence of systemic disease on periodontium and vice versa. To find the correlation between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontium by assessing clinical parameters [plaque index (PI), probing depth, periodontal disease index (PDI)] and the anthropological parameter [body mass index (BMI)] and to find the correlation between body mass index and periodontal disease index in subjects with and without PCOS. Sixty females comprising 30 with PCOS and 30 without PCOS were selected. Clinical, anthropological, and radiological assessment was done. Double blinding was incorporated. There was a statistically highly significant difference in mean age, mean PI, and mean PDI (P < 0.001) in PCOS group when compared to those without PCOS group by unpaired t-test for inter-group analysis. A statistically significant difference was found in mean probing depth and mean BMI (P < 0.05) in PCOS group when compared to those without PCOS group by unpaired t-test for inter-group analysis. No statistically significant correlation was found between mean PDI and mean BMI in PCOS and non-PCOS group subjects using Spearman's rank correlation. Women suffering from PCOS may be at a heightened risk for developing periodontal disease as our study re-establishes this association with respect to some periodontal parameters. With such a result, general practitioners/gynecologists can be encouraged to refer cases of PCOS to periodontists for early detection, prevention of periodontal disease, and maintenance of periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mariam
- Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amita Mali
- Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College and Hospital, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, India
| | - Neha Agrawal
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College and Hospital, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, India
| | - Juhi Gupta
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College and Hospital, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, India
| | - Najam Khalique
- Department of Community Medicine, J N Medical College and Hospital, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dou Y, Xin J, Zhou P, Tang J, Xie H, Fan W, Zhang Z, Wu D. Bidirectional association between polycystic ovary syndrome and periodontal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1008675. [PMID: 36755917 PMCID: PMC9899846 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1008675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal disease (PDD) share common risk factors. The bidirectional interaction between PCOS and PDD has been reported, but until now, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Endocrine disorders including hyperandrogenism (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS disturb the oral microbial composition and increase the abundance of periodontal pathogens. Additionally, PCOS has a detrimental effect on the periodontal supportive tissues, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Systemic low-grade inflammation status, especially obesity, persistent immune imbalance, and oxidative stress induced by PCOS exacerbate the progression of PDD. Simultaneously, PDD might increase the risk of PCOS through disturbing the gut microbiota composition and inducing low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, genetic or epigenetic predisposition and lower socioeconomic status are the common risk factors for both diseases. In this review, we will present the latest evidence of the bidirectional association between PCOS and PDD from epidemiological, mechanistic, and interventional studies. A deep understanding on their bidirectional association will be beneficial to provide novel strategies for the treatment of PCOS and PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dou
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinglei Xin
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Women and Children hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Women and Children hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongliang Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Maboudi A, Nasiri Amiri F, Shafizade S, Qujeq D, Mohammadpour RA, Moaddabi A, Amiri M, Yosefnia-Pasha S, Odhaib SA. Evaluation of the Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Women With Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome and Gingival Inflammation: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e34458. [PMID: 36874743 PMCID: PMC9980837 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease of women of reproductive age that impacts their oral and systemic well-being. This study aimed to compare the gingival inflammation indices and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) of non-obese women with PCOS. Materials and methods This is a case-control study in which 78 women were referred to the Babol Clinic Hospital in Northern Iran between 2018 and 2019. They were divided into three groups: 26 women with PCOS and gingivitis, 26 women with PCOS with no gingivitis, and 26 women with no PCOS and no gingivitis as a control group. After recording the anthropometric and demographic variables, fasting saliva samples were taken from all participants before any periodontal intervention. These samples were transferred to Babol Molecular Cell Research Center under highly guaranteed cold-chain conditions to measure the serum levels of MMP-9. Periodontal status was evaluated for Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean results for these indices. The significance level was considered when p ≤ 0.05. Results All the gingival indices were significantly higher for women with PCOS with gingivitis compared to the results for women from the other two groups. Similarly, women with PCOS showed high salivary MMP-9 levels but were within the normal reference ranges. Conclusion The gingival indices (GI, PI, and BOP) and salivary MMP-9 are higher in women with PCOS, regardless of the gingival status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avideh Maboudi
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IRN
| | - Fatemeh Nasiri Amiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IRN
| | - Sara Shafizade
- Department of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IRN
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IRN
| | - Reza-Ali Mohammadpour
- Department of Statistic and Epidemiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IRN
| | - Amirhosain Moaddabi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IRN
| | - Mania Amiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetricians, Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IRN
| | | | - Samih A Odhaib
- Department of Adult Endocrinology, Thi Qar Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center (TDEMC) Thi Qar Health Directorate, Thi Qar, IRQ
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YENİÇERİ HİLALOĞLU NE, GURSEL SURMELİOGLU D. ASSESSMENT OF DMFT INDEXES, SALIVARY FLOW RATE, PH, AND DETECTIONS OF S.MUTANS SALIVARY LEVELS BY A QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1132273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: PCOS is an endocrine disorder that is common in women. However, PCOS effects on oral and dental health have not been stated clearly. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which is common in women of reproductive age, on saliva and dental tissues in these women.
Materials and Methods: One-hundred individuals who were / were not diagnosed with PCOS and insulin resistance were included in this study (n=100). Subsequently, individuals, with PCOS and insulin resistance (PCOSID +), with PCOS and non-insulin resistance (PCOSID-), without PCOS and insulin resistance (ControlID +) and without PCOS and non-insulin resistance (ControlID-) were divided into 4 groups (n=25). DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) index was used for dental health evaluation, while pH meter was used for saliva pH measurement. Also, Streptococcus Mutans (S. Mutans) numbers were analyzed by the real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. In statistical analysis p
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Salivary microbiome differences in prepubertal children with and without adrenal androgen excess. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1797-1803. [PMID: 34341500 PMCID: PMC8807752 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature adrenarche is a condition of childhood adrenal androgen excess (AAE) in the absence of gonadotropin-dependent puberty, and has been linked to insulin resistance and progression to metabolic syndrome. Microbial dysbiosis is associated with progression of inflammatory states and chronic diseases. Here, we aimed to examine the salivary microbiomes of children with AAE and assess the relationship with adrenal androgens and metabolic parameters. METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study of children with AAE and healthy controls, adrenal and metabolic parameters were characterized and salivary microbiome was profiled using V3-V4 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. RESULTS There was increased α-diversity in AAE (5 M, 15 F) compared to controls (3 M, 8 F), with positive correlation of 11OHA4, 11KA4, testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, and DHEAS. Subanalyses showed increased α-diversity in both overweight/obese AAE and normal weight AAE compared to normal weight controls. Genus Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, and Streptococcus salivarius were increased in normal weight AAE. Genus Prevotella, Abiotrophia, and Neisseria were increased in overweight/obese AAE. CONCLUSION These pilot data demonstrate differences in salivary microbiome profiles of children with and without AAE. Further studies are needed to assess the causal relationships between adrenal androgens, metabolic dysfunction, and salivary microbiome composition. IMPACT This study is the first to report the salivary microbiome of prepubertal children with adrenal androgen excess (AAE). α-Diversity is increased in the salivary microbiome of children with AAE independent of weight status, and in this study cohort several serum androgens are positively associated with α-diversity. Several taxa that have been associated with periodontal disease and inflammation are found to be significantly increased in AAE.
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Comparative evaluation of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein and complete hemogram indices in subjects with and without apical periodontitis: A prospective interventional study. J Endod 2022; 48:1020-1028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zia A, Hakim S, Khan AU, Bey A, Ateeq H, Parveen S, Khalid S, Yusufi F. Bone markers and bone mineral density associates with periodontitis in females with poly-cystic ovarian syndrome. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:487-497. [PMID: 35072780 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest an association between poly-cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and chronic periodontitis (CP), both being inflammatory conditions. However, insufficient evidence assesses the impact of this inflammation on bone metabolism and bone turnover markers (BTMs). The present study aimed to determine the association between BTMs, bone mineral density (BMD), and clinical periodontal parameters in PCOS women with CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups, each with 40 newly diagnosed (1) PCOS+CP, (2) PCOS alone, (3) CP alone, and fourth group (n = 20) systemically and periodontally healthy females aged 18-30 years were included in the study. Full mouth clinical periodontal parameters, C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX), bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP), BMD and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (VD) were recorded for all. RESULTS Low BMD (0.89 ± 0.11 g/cm2), increased CTX levels (2.76 ± 4.64 ng/ml), decreased bone ALP levels (11.09 ± 6.86 ng/ml), higher VD levels (289.02 ± 168.28 nmol/l) and poor clinical periodontal status were observed in PCOS + CP females. BMD-spine showed weak positive correlation with CTX, bone ALP, VD (r = 0.02, r = 0.07, r = 0.15, respectively) in PCOS + CP group. ANCOVA depicted covariates had no confounding effect. Multiple regression model explained 21.0% for BMD-spine and 12.7% for BMD-femur of total variability signifying association with all measured parameters among all groups. CONCLUSION Enhanced inflammatory thrust by periodontitis increases CTX levels and decreases bone ALP and BMD levels in women with PCOS. Screening PCOS women for periodontal disease and vice versa may have a direct bearing on overall bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Zia
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College (DRZADC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S Hakim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital (JNMCH), AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A U Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Bey
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College (DRZADC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H Ateeq
- Department of Biochemistry, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Parveen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital (JNMCH), AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Khalid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fnk Yusufi
- Department of Statistics and Operations, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Wu P, Zhang X, Zhou P, Zhang W, Li D, Lv M, Liao X. Assessment of Bidirectional Relationships Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Periodontitis: Insights From a Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:644101. [PMID: 33868379 PMCID: PMC8044848 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.644101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have indicated an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontitis, but it is unclear whether the association is cofounded or causal. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the bidirectional relationship between genetically predicted PCOS and periodontitis. Methods From two genome-wide association studies we selected 13 and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with PCOS and periodontitis, respectively, as instrumental variables. We utilized publicly shared summary-level statistics from European-ancestry cohorts. To explore the causal effect of PCOS on periodontitis, 12,289 cases of periodontitis and 22,326 controls were incorporated, while 4,890 cases of PCOS and 20,405 controls in the reverse MR. Inverse-variance weighted method was employed in the primary MR analysis and multiple sensitivity analyses were implemented. Results Genetically determined PCOS was not causally associated with risk of periodontitis (odds ratio 0.97; 95% confidence interval 0.88-1.06; P = 0.50) per one-unit increase in the log-odds ratio of periodontitis. Similarly, no causal effect of periodontitis on PCOS was shown with the odds ratio for PCOS was 1.17 (95% confidence interval 0.91-1.49; P = 0.21) per one-unit increase in the log-odds ratio of periodontitis. Consistent results were yielded via additional MR methods. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated no presence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Conclusion The bidirectional MR study couldn't provide convincing evidence for the causal relationship between genetic liability to PCOS and periodontitis in the Europeans. Triangulating evidence across further observational and genetic-epidemiological studies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Department of Laboratory Animals, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinghao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liao
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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14
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Aboeldalyl S, James C, Seyam E, Ibrahim EM, Shawki HED, Amer S. The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052734. [PMID: 33800490 PMCID: PMC7962967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the current literature associates polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with chronic inflammation, the evidence for this link remains inconclusive and its causal nature remains unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the inflammatory status in PCOS women and to determine whether it is related to PCOS or to its associated adiposity. We searched electronic databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and MEDLINE, SCOPUS, DynaMed plus, TRIP, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library, for studies investigating C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammatory makers in PCOS women versus healthy controls. Quality and risk of bias for selected studies were assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. CRP data were extracted and pooled using RevMan for calculation of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Eighty-five eligible studies were included in the systematic review, of which 63 were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of the 63 studies revealed significantly higher circulating CRP in PCOS women (n = 4086) versus controls (n = 3120) (SMD 1.26, 95%CI, 0.99, 1.53). Sensitivity meta-analysis of 35 high quality studies including non-obese women showed significantly higher circulating CRP in PCOS women versus controls (SMD 1.80, 95%CI, 1.36, 2.25). In conclusion, circulating CRP is moderately elevated in PCOS women independent of obesity, which is indicative of low-grade chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Aboeldalyl
- Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Minia, Minia 61519, Egypt; (E.S.); (E.M.I.); (H.E.-D.S.)
| | - Cathryn James
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Library & Knowledge Service, Derby DE22 3NT, UK;
| | - Emaduldin Seyam
- Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Minia, Minia 61519, Egypt; (E.S.); (E.M.I.); (H.E.-D.S.)
| | - Emad Moussa Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Minia, Minia 61519, Egypt; (E.S.); (E.M.I.); (H.E.-D.S.)
| | - Hossam El-Din Shawki
- Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Minia, Minia 61519, Egypt; (E.S.); (E.M.I.); (H.E.-D.S.)
| | - Saad Amer
- Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(1332)-786773
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15
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Wendland N, Opydo-Szymaczek J, Mizgier M, Jarząbek-Bielecka G. Subgingival microflora in adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with oral hygiene, gingivitis, and selected metabolic and hormonal parameters. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:1485-1496. [PMID: 32779013 PMCID: PMC7878225 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research studies suggest that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may influence the composition of the oral microflora in women. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the number of selected periopathogens in a young cohort of females with PCOS and to assess the association between oral hygiene, subgingival microbiome, gingival health, and metabolic and hormonal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two subjects with PCOS and twenty-three healthy controls aged 15-19 years were examined periodontally by a calibrated dentist. A real-time PCR method was used for the identification of 9 subgingival microorganisms. Subjects with PCOS underwent blood tests for determination of FSH, LH, total testosterone, DHEA-S, estradiol, SHBG, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile. RESULTS Gingival index (GI), the proportion of bleeding sites (BOP%), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PLI) did not differ significantly between cases and healthy age-mates. The control group had significantly higher levels of Peptostreptococcus micros and substantially greater percentage of subjects infected by Treponema denticola. Capnocytophaga gingivalis count was positively correlated with the level of estradiol, while the concentration of HDL-C was negatively correlated with the number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and orange complex bacteria. CONCLUSIONS PCOS in young patients was not associated with higher pathogenicity of subgingival biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Further studies are needed to explain the relationship between hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, subgingival microflora, and periodontal health in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wendland
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Mizgier
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 4-6 Orląt Lwowskich Street, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 22 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
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16
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Li N, Li Y, Qian C, Liu Q, Cao W, Ma M, He R, Chen R, Geng R, Liu Y. Dysbiosis of the Saliva Microbiome in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:624504. [PMID: 33665172 PMCID: PMC7921782 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.624504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant differences in salivary microbiota communities between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and healthy controls have been reported, and interestingly, some salivary microbiota exhibit diurnal oscillation in healthy people. However, whether the diurnal oscillation of salivary microbiota is present in PCOS patients is unknown. In this study, we describe the differences in the saliva microbiome between the PCOS group and the control group at different time points over 24 h. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on salivary and fecal samples from 10 PCOS patients and 10 healthy controls, and salivary samples were collected at 6-h intervals over 24 h (Zeitgeber (ZT)0, ZT6, ZT12, and ZT18). Among the salivary samples, those from the PCOS group showed significant differences from those of the control group at each time point. Differences were evident in taxa level and metabolic pathways. Interestingly, we found that PCOS disrupted the diurnal rhythm of the salivary microbiota abundance, as determined in the group of healthy women. In addition, no similar changes were found in PCOS patients and controls between the oral and fecal microbiota, including differential microbiota at the phylum level. In this study, significant differences in the composition of the salivary microbiota between PCOS and healthy women were detected at different time points. We also showed that the diurnal rhythm of relative abundance of the salivary microbiota was disrupted in patients with PCOS, which might be related to development of oral-related diseases and systematic metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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The Relationship Between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Periodontal Disease, and Osteoporosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:950-962. [PMID: 32914348 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder to affect women in their reproductive years. There has been growing concern that women with PCOS may suffer from long-term metabolic consequences due to the high degree of insulin resistance that is often present in PCOS. However, few longitudinal studies exist in this area and there is a paucity of data on whether women with PCOS are at risk of other chronic diseases as they age. Specifically, current evidence suggests that reproductive-age women with PCOS may be at increased risk for both osteoporosis and periodontal disease (PD)-both these chronic diseases can have serious implications for health and quality of life. However, few studies have addressed how risk factors for osteoporosis and PD may be altered by aging in PCOS. The PCOS phenotype of women beyond reproductive years is poorly understood, and it is not known whether the metabolic profile of older women with PCOS results in an increased risk of osteoporosis and PD. The objective of this review is to discuss the relationships between PCOS, osteoporosis, and PD, and how these relationships could be impacted during aging. The long-term goal of this review is to provide direction for future research that is needed to more clearly elucidate these relationships and eventually provide a basis for evidence-based health recommendations.
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18
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Machado V, Botelho J, Proença L, Mendes JJ. Comparisons of Periodontal Status between Females Referenced for Fertility Treatment and Fertile Counterparts: A Pilot Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5281. [PMID: 32707937 PMCID: PMC7432159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies investigating the periodontal status of women seeking fertility treatment have never been conducted. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the periodontal status among females referenced to a Fertility Clinic (FC) when compared to matched females from a representative regional epidemiological sample. Our secondary aims were to investigate if periodontal clinical measures differ between these two groups of females and how they impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). We enrolled 18 women from an FC and 18 age, race and body mass index matched controls from the epidemiological survey Study of Periodontal Health in Almada-Seixal (SoPHiAS). In each subject, we performed a circumferential periodontal inspection to infer the periodontal status and applied a questionnaire measuring OHRQoL. FC females presented higher levels of periodontal disease, with higher periodontal epithelial surface area, periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment loss. However, periodontal diseases did not impact OHRQoL in this particular group of women seeking fertility care, suggesting unawareness about periodontal diseases. Within the limitations of this study, females referenced for fertility treatment presented worse periodontal measures than females from a representative control sample. These preliminary results may support future prospective studies to further explore the periodontal status and possible consequences in women seeking fertility care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Machado
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - João Botelho
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Luís Proença
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
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Machado V, Escalda C, Proença L, Mendes JJ, Botelho J. Is There a Bidirectional Association between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Periodontitis? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061961. [PMID: 32585861 PMCID: PMC7355910 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has reproductive and metabolic properties that may be linked to periodontitis (PD). This study aimed to update and render a robust critical assessment on all evidence linking PCOS and PD, and appraising a hypothetical bidirectional association. Five databases (PubMed, Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science and CENTRAL) were searched up to May 2020. Case-control and cohort studies on the association of PCOS and PD were included. The risk of bias of observational studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random effects meta-analyses of standardized mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR) were performed. We followed Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) to appraise the strength and quality of the evidence. Twelve case-controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria (876 with PCOS and 48170 healthy controls), all scored as having a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis revealed that PCOS females have 28% more risk towards PD, and PD females have 46% more risk to have PCOS. PCOS females with PD had higher gum bleeding, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss than non-PCOS females with PD. Populations with undefined periodontal status contribute to underestimated results. On the basis of the available evidence, it is possible to assume a bidirectional link between PCOS and PD. That is, PCOS increases by 28% the risk of having PD and in the same fashion, PD increases by 46% the risk of having PCOS. Furthermore, women with PCOS were associated with worsening clinical characteristics and inflammation of PD. These findings suggest that PCOS and PD may be linked. Hence, further prospective and clinical trial studies with nonsurgical periodontal therapy are necessary to clarify the existence of an increased risk of PCOS in women with PD and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (C.E.); (J.J.M.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cláudia Escalda
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (C.E.); (J.J.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (C.E.); (J.J.M.); (J.B.)
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (C.E.); (J.J.M.); (J.B.)
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Association between Periodontal Diseases and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051586. [PMID: 32456146 PMCID: PMC7290429 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A convergent association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal disease, in particular chronic periodontitis (CP), has recently been proposed. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this association are not fully understood, though it is thought that chronic inflammation is responsible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontal disease—gingivitis and CP—and PCOS. Materials and Methods: The PICO (Participants, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes) question was as follows: “Is there an association between PCOS and CP?” A systematic review of three databases—PubMed, Embase and Scopus—was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Original studies in human cohorts carried out in the last 10 years and including a control group were eligible for inclusion. Letters to the editor, case reports, and reviews were not considered. Results: Ten articles met all the selection criteria and provided a positive answer to the PICO question. Our review of these articles revealed an association between CP and PCOS, since periodontal parameters were altered more frequently in patients with these conditions than in healthy young women. This altered periodontal response in PCOS was associated with a proinflammatory status that seemed to increase susceptibility to periodontal disease. Conclusion: Patients with PCOS appear to be more susceptible to developing periodontal diseases than women without the pathology.
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Işık Y, Telatar GY, Neşelioğlu S, Biçer C, Gürlek B. Evaluation of periodontal status in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in untreated patients of early reproductive age: A case-control study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:459-465. [PMID: 31922343 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM A few studies demonstrated an increased risk of periodontal disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status in women of reproductive age who were recently diagnosed with different phenotypes of PCOS. METHODS This prospectively designed cross-sectional case-control study included 116 consecutive subjects with PCOS and 90 healthy volunteers, aged between 18 and 24, who were admitted to the gynecology polyclinic between April 2018 and December 2018. All subjects of PCOS diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria were subdivided into four phenotypes based on clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic parameters according to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health. The same dentist investigated periodontal parameters including plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing (%), probing depth, clinical attachment loss and the decayed, missing, filled teeth index. RESULTS Probing depth, a periodontal parameter, was higher in all sub-phenotypes of the PCOS group compared to the control group. There was no difference in other periodontal parameters. CONCLUSION Periodontal probing depth, which is an important parameter in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases, was higher in all phenotypic subgroups of PCOS in early reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Işık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Gül Y Telatar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Biçer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beril Gürlek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Farook FF, Ng KT, MNM N, Koh WJ, Teoh WY. Association of Periodontal Disease and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Several articles have suggested a potential synergistic relationship between periodontal disease and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus. However, the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS population remain unclear in the literature.
Objective:
The primary aim of this review is to examine the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS with different scoring methods, namely clinical attachment loss, probing depth, gingival index, percentage of bleeding on probing and plaque index.
Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for observational studies and case-control studies from its inception until 2nd June, 2019. Case reports, case series, non-systematic reviews and trials published as abstracts were excluded.
Results:
Four articles (614 subjects) were included for analysis. Out of 614 subjects, 329 PCOS patients were compared to 285 healthy subjects. In comparison to healthy cohort, women with PCOS had a statistically significant increase in clinical attachment loss (MD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.55, ρ=0.002), probing depth (MD: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21-0.48, ρ<0.001), gingival index (MD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.70-1.11, ρ<0.001) and percentage of bleeding on probing (MD: 34.41, 95% CI: 20.23-48.59, ρ<0.001). No difference was demonstrated in plaque index (MD: 0.42, 95% CI: -0.29-1.12, ρ=0.24) for both PCOS and healthy cohort.
Conclusion:
PCOS is significantly associated with a higher severity of the periodontal disease. This association should be emphasized during the management of PCOS patients, by including referral to dentists or periodontists for regular mechanical debridement of plaque and periodontal maintenance.
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Saglam E, Canakci CF, Sebin SO, Saruhan N, Ingec M, Canakci H, Sezer U. Evaluation of oxidative status in patients with chronic periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2019; 89:76-84. [PMID: 28844187 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), chronic periodontitis (CP) contributed to increased oxidative stress (OS), owing to an increase in serum and salivary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in serum total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. The aim of the present study is to investigate salivary and serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels as well as total antioxidant status (TAS) in females with CP and PCOS compared with healthy females. METHODS Four groups, each consisting of 22 individuals, were: 1) women with both PCOS and CP (PCOSCP); 2) systemically healthy women with CP; 3) periodontally healthy women with PCOS (PCOSPH); and 4) periodontally and systemically healthy women (PH). Demographic and clinical periodontal parameters were measured. Oxidative parameters were evaluated in serum and salivary samples. RESULTS Salivary 8-OHdG levels in the PCOSCP and CP groups were statistically higher than those in both the PCOSPH and the PH groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the PCOSCP, CP, and PCOSPH groups with regard to salivary MDA and TAS levels (P > 0.05). Highest serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels and lowest serum TAS levels were seen in the PCOSCP group (P < 0.05). Serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels in the PCOSPH group were higher than those in both systemically healthy groups (PH and CP) (P < 0.05). Salivary TAS levels were highest (P < 0.05) in the PH group. There was no statistical difference between the CP and PCOSPH groups, but serum TAS levels were lower than those in the PH group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CP, which led to an increase in serum and salivary 8-OHdG and MDA levels and a decrease in serum TAS levels in patients with PCOS, contributed to increased OS. This effect was more prominent in serum levels than in salivary levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Saglam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Fatih Canakci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saime Ozbek Sebin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Saruhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Metin Ingec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University
| | - Hümeyra Canakci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Sezer
- Periodontology, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tong C, Wang YH, Yu HC, Chang YC. Increased Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Taiwanese Women with Chronic Periodontitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019; 28:1436-1441. [PMID: 31145020 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. Both hormonal and inflammatory influences are assumed to affect periodontal tissues. Previous studies have shown that PCOS patients could have higher prevalence of gingival inflammation. However, the relationship between PCOS and chronic periodontitis (CP) is not clear. Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the risk of PCOS from CP exposure in a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. We studied the claims data of Taiwanese population from 2001 to 2012. The 24,410 female patients with CP were identified from the National Health Insurance Database. The 24,410 controls were selected with randomly frequency matched by age, sex, and index year from the general population. The risk of PCOS was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression models, including sex, age, and comorbidities. Results: In this study, 24,410 female patients with CP (mean age: 35.14 ± 8.81 years) and 24,410 controls (mean age: 35.14 ± 8.8 years) were observed for 8.89 and 8.85 years, respectively. A total of 441 cases of PCOS were identified in CP cohort and 304 cases in non-CP cohort. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the incidence rate of PCOS was significantly higher in CP cohort than those in non-CP cohort (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-1.67). Conclusions: Taken together, this nationwide retrospective cohort study demonstrated that the risk of PCOS was significantly higher in female patients with CP than those without CP in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Tong
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Endodontics and Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chieh Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Influence of polycystic ovary syndrome on the periodontal health of Indian women visiting a secondary health care centre. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3249-3255. [PMID: 30430337 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal disease and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) share risk factors like obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, along with evidence of chronic inflammation in the two conditions. Evaluating the influence of PCOS on periodontal health would, therefore, identify a possible association. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty women, divided into equal groups of PCOS and healthy patients, were clinically examined for periodontal parameters like probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (mGI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FI), triglycerides (TG), and free testosterone along with serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were the biochemical parameters evaluated. RESULTS Women with PCOS had statistically significant differences in mGI, PI, testosterone, FBS, and TG when compared with healthy women (p < 0.05). MDA levels in serum and GCF between women with PCOS and controls were also significantly different. BOP and mGI showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.45 and 0.44) with serum levels of MDA. Relatively greater gingival inflammation was observed in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls, independent of the risk factors present. CONCLUSION PCOS seemed to have an impact on gingival inflammation, in addition to the effect of dental plaque and other local factors in the oral cavity, in PCOS patients when compared with healthy individuals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Women diagnosed with PCOS may have probabaility of co-existing gingival inflammation. Therefore, emphasis on medical treatment for PCOS and periodic screening for periodontal disease may be warranted.
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Tanguturi SC, Nagarakanti S. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Periodontal disease: Underlying Links- A Review. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:267-273. [PMID: 29911043 PMCID: PMC5972486 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_577_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, which negatively affects various health systems. There is an extensive literature regarding the association of PCOS and other systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and psychological disorders. However, there is a lack of literature in associating PCOS and periodontal disease. Hence, PubMed search was done for various articles related to PCOS and its association with other comorbidities, including periodontal diseases. Analysis was done and data were synthesized and compiled in a sequential and presentable paradigm. This literature review of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking the two diseases suggests a positive relation between the two comorbidities. However, multicenter studies, with larger sample sizes, are to be conducted to establish a clearer and stronger association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Chandana Tanguturi
- Department of Periodontology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sreenivas Nagarakanti
- Department of Periodontology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Martinez-Herrera M, Silvestre FJ, Silvestre-Rangil J, López-Domènech S, Bañuls C, Rocha M. Levels of serum retinol-binding protein 4 before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment in lean and obese subjects: An interventional study. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 45:336-344. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Martinez-Herrera
- Service of Stomatology; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- Department of Stomatology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Silvestre
- Service of Stomatology; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- Department of Stomatology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | | | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group; CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
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Martinez-Herrera M, Silvestre FJ, Silvestre-Rangil J, Bañuls C, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A. Involvement of insulin resistance in normoglycaemic obese patients with periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:981-988. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Martinez-Herrera
- Service of Stomatology; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- Department of Stomatology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Silvestre
- Service of Stomatology; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- Department of Stomatology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | | | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group; CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Department of Medicine; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
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Deepti, Tewari S, Narula SC, Singhal SR, Sharma RK. Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Along With Myo-Inositol on High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Periodontol 2017; 88:999-1011. [PMID: 28598285 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy and medical treatment on the level of a serologic marker of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP]) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA]) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS Women with PCOS and CP (n = 60) were randomly divided into two groups. The test group was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and myo-inositol (MI). The control group was treated with MI and given oral hygiene instructions. Anthropometric, metabolic, and periodontal parameters were assessed at baseline and re-evaluated at 3 and 6 months. All parameters of both groups at 6 months were compared with 25 systemically and periodontally healthy females (group A). RESULTS Periodontal parameters were significantly improved in the test group compared with the control group at 3- and 6-month follow-up (P <0.001). A statistically significant reduction was observed in hsCRP and HOMA in both groups at 3- and 6-month follow-up (P <0.05). However, significantly more improvement in hsCRP (P <0.05) and a statistically comparable reduction in HOMA (P >0.05) was observed in the test group compared with the control group at 3 and 6 months. Both the test and control group showed significant consistent improvement in metabolic parameters at 3- and 6-month follow-up, which was further comparable to group A. CONCLUSION SRP together with medical treatment results in a greater reduction of systemic inflammatory burden compared with medical treatment alone in management of women with PCOS and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shikha Tewari
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Satish Chander Narula
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Savita Rani Singhal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar Sharma
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Association between periodontal disease and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Int J Impot Res 2017; 29:89-95. [PMID: 28275229 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to review systematically the association between periodontal diseases (PDs) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). To address the focused question, 'Is there a relationship between PD and PCOS?' indexed databases were searched up to October 2016 without time or language restrictions using different combinations of the following key words: PCOS, ovarian cysts, PD, periodontitis, gingival diseases and gingivitis. Letters to the Editor, commentaries, historic reviews, case-report, unpublished articles and animal/experimental studies were excluded. Seven case-control studies were included. The number of study participants ranged between 52 and 196 females aged between 15 and 45 years. In three and three studies, proinflammatory cytokines were assessed in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva samples, respectively. In one study, salivary microbes were investigated. All studies reported that a positive association exists between PD and PCOS. In conclusion, there is a positive association between PD and PCOS; however, further well-designed longitudinal controlled clinical trials are needed in this regard. It is recommended that physicians should refer patients with PCOS to oral health-care providers for comprehensive oral evaluation and treatment.
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Lindheim L, Bashir M, Münzker J, Trummer C, Zachhuber V, Pieber TR, Gorkiewicz G, Obermayer-Pietsch B. The Salivary Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Its Association with Disease-Related Parameters: A Pilot Study. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1270. [PMID: 27610099 PMCID: PMC4996828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrine condition of unclear etiology characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/amenorrhoea, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS is often complicated by infertility, overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. The gut microbiome is known to contribute to several of these conditions. Recently, an association between stool and saliva microbiome community profiles was shown, making saliva a possible convenient, non-invasive sample type for detecting gut microbiome changes in systemic disease. In this study, we describe the saliva microbiome of PCOS patients and the association of microbiome features with PCOS-related parameters. Methods: 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on saliva samples from 24 PCOS patients and 20 healthy controls. Data processing and microbiome analyses were conducted in mothur and QIIME. All study subjects were characterized regarding reproductive, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters. Results: PCOS patients showed a decrease in bacteria from the phylum Actinobacteria and a borderline significant shift in bacterial community composition in unweighted UniFrac analysis. No differences between patients and controls were found in alpha diversity, weighted UniFrac analysis, or on other taxonomic levels. We found no association of saliva alpha diversity, beta diversity, or taxonomic composition with serum testosterone, oligo/amenorrhoea, overweight, insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, age, or diet. Conclusions: In this pilot study, patients with PCOS showed a reduced salivary relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Reproductive and metabolic components of the syndrome were not associated with saliva microbiome parameters, indicating that the majority of between-subject variation in saliva microbiome profiles remains to be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lindheim
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Mina Bashir
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Münzker
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Zachhuber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University GrazGraz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in MedicineGraz, Austria
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University GrazGraz, Austria; BioTechMed, Interuniversity CooperationGraz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University GrazGraz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in MedicineGraz, Austria
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Rahiminejad ME, Moaddab A, Zaryoun H, Rabiee S, Moaddab A, Khodadoustan A. Comparison of prevalence of periodontal disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 12:507-12. [PMID: 26759585 PMCID: PMC4696351 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.170547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, affecting 4-18% of them. Previous studies also showed that periodontal diseases are associated with different components of the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to determine the association between PCOS and periodontal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 196 women (98 with PCOS and 98 healthy controls) were enrolled. PCOS diagnosis was confirmed by history, clinical signs, physical examination, laboratory parameters, and ultrasound studies. Both cases and controls were examined by the same periodontist. Periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index, and tooth loss were investigated in all participants. Pregnant women, smokers, individuals with a history of malignancy or osteoporosis, and those taking prophylactic antibiotics for dental procedures or receiving periodontal treatment during the 6-month period before examination were excluded. Data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square test, and linear regression. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS CAL and sites with BOP were significantly higher in women with PCOS (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the tooth loss rate between PCOS and non-PCOS participants (P = 0.384). CONCLUSION The prevalence of periodontal disease seems to be higher in women with PCOS. This may be related to the role of chronic systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of both PCOS and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ehsan Rahiminejad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Moaddab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hassan Zaryoun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Soghra Rabiee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arta Moaddab
- Department of Dentistry, Standard Dental Health Care, Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - Amin Khodadoustan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran
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