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Blufstein A, Pejcic N, Spettel K, Hausmann B, Seki D, Ertekin T, Hinrichs-Priller J, Altner S, Nehr M, Bekes K, Makristathis A, Andrukhov O. Salivary microbiome and MRP-8/14 levels in children with gingivitis, healthy children, and their mothers. J Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38696461 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease among children and adolescents and is associated with disrupted host-microbiome homeostasis. Family is an important factor influencing the prevalence of gingivitis. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome, oral hygiene habits, and the salivary level of myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8/14 in children aged 7-12 years with gingivitis, periodontally healthy children, and their mothers. METHODS This study included 24 children with gingivitis (including four sibling pairs) and 22 periodontally healthy children (including two sibling pairs) and their mothers. The whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted, the variable V3-V4 region of the eubacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified, and sample library preparation was performed according to the Illumina protocol. The salivary levels of MRP-8/14 were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Alpha diversity of the salivary microbiome was considerably higher in gingivitis children and mothers of gingivitis children compared to healthy children and their mothers, respectively. Significant differences in beta diversity between healthy and gingivitis children, healthy children and their mothers, and gingivitis children and their mothers were detected. Overall, the number of common core amplicon sequence variants between children and their own mothers was significantly higher than between children and other mothers. The salivary MRP-8/14 levels in children with gingivitis were significantly higher compared to healthy children; a similar tendency was also mentioned for mothers. CONCLUSION Our study underlines the importance of family as an essential factor influencing oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natasa Pejcic
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kathrin Spettel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Seki
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tugba Ertekin
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Hinrichs-Priller
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarra Altner
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Nehr
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Bekes
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fang T, Liu L, Song D, Huang D. The role of MIF in periodontitis: A potential pathogenic driver, biomarker, and therapeutic target. Oral Dis 2024; 30:921-937. [PMID: 36883414 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that involves an imbalance in the oral microbiota, activation of inflammatory and immune responses, and alveolar bone destruction. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a versatile cytokine involved in several pathological reactions, including inflammatory processes and bone destruction, both of which are characteristics of periodontitis. While the roles of MIF in cancer and other immune diseases have been extensively characterized, its role in periodontitis remains inconclusive. RESULTS In this review, we describe a comprehensive analysis of the potential roles of MIF in periodontitis from the perspective of immune response and bone regulation at the cellular and molecular levels. Moreover, we discuss its potential reliability as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for periodontitis. CONCLUSION This review can aid dental researchers and clinicians in understanding the current state of MIF-related pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Oner F, Onat FC, Ozkan Karasu Y. Salivary and serum nitric oxide synthase, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha and macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in periodontal disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25888. [PMID: 38384515 PMCID: PMC10878917 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Periodontal disease is multifactorial inflammatory disease involving both gingivitis and periodontitis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are mediators contributing to the progression of periodontal diseases with distinct functions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the local and systemic iNOS, MIP-1α and MIF concentrations in patients having periodontal disease with different severities. Design The study was conducted on 88 individuals equally divided into four groups; 1) Periodontally Healthy 2) Gingivitis 3) Stage I-II Periodontitis 4) Stage III-IV Periodontitis. Saliva and serum samples were obtained from each individual and then periodontal examinations were performed. Plaque and bleeding on probing indexes, probing depths and clinical attachment levels were measured on each tooth to determine the periodontal status. Concentrations of iNOS, MIP-1α and MIF were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Patients with stage I-II and stage III-IV periodontitis had more iNOS levels than periodontally healthy people in serum and saliva (p ≤ 0,001 for serum; p < 0,05 for saliva). Stage III-IV periodontitis group had significantly more serum-iNOS levels than that in gingivitis group (p = 0,005). When compared with periodontally healthy individuals, MIP-1α levels in stage III-IV periodontitis patients were measured significantly more in saliva; (p = 0,016) but less in serum (p = 0,006) samples. More serum-MIF concentrations were observed in stage I-II periodontitis groups than that in periodontally healthy individuals (p < 0,05). Conclusion Increased salivary and serum iNOS and serum-MIF levels in different stages of periodontitis suggest that these molecules might be involved in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Also, oral microenvironment may stimulate the enhanced MIP-1α concentration in advanced periodontitis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Oner
- Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Cagri Onat
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yerda Ozkan Karasu
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Erzurum, Turkey
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Alhammadi A, Koippallil Gopalakrishnan AR, Saqan R, Badran Z, Al Kawas S, Rahman B. Salivary macrophage chemokines as potential biomarkers of gingivitis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 36747174 PMCID: PMC9903476 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to analyze the salivary levels of macrophage-activating factor (MAF), macrophage-chemotactic factor (MCF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in healthy and gingivitis patients, and to correlate between the concentrations of these chemo attractants with the intensity of gingival inflammation clinically. METHODS Sixty saliva specimens were collected from periodontally healthy (n = 30), and gingivitis patients (n = 30). Bleeding on probing (BOP), Visible Plaque Index (VPI), and Simplified Modified Gingival Index (SMGI) were recorded through clinical examination. Salivary MAF, MCF, and MIF concentrations were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 28). Total mean score for each biomarker was determined, and descriptive bivariate statistics were conducted to characterize the levels of biomarkers among the study groups. The difference in the biomarker levels among the study groups were analyzed by independent sample t test and one-way ANOVA. The diagnostic ability of the biomarkers was further tested by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS Salivary levels of MAF was not significantly different between periodontally healthy individuals and gingivitis patients. The difference in MCF and MIF levels between patients with gingivitis and those with healthy periodontium was statistically significant (p 0.05 and p 0.001, respectively). When examined across the various stages of disease progression, MIF showed statistically significant difference among the three biomarkers (p 0.05). ROC curve analysis further revealed that area under the curve (AUC) for MIF has a better diagnostic capacity than MCF (AUC 0.981 vs. 0.673). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MIF could be considered as a potential salivary biomarker for gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Alhammadi
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Master of Dental Surgery in Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Aghila Rani Koippallil Gopalakrishnan
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Wound Healing and Oral Diagnostic Research Group-Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Roba Saqan
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Zahi Badran
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Science, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Betul Rahman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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Yilmaz N, Polat R, Gürsoy M, Kaman W, Gül Aydin E, Fteita D, Yilmaz D, Bikker F, Gürsoy UK. Salivary macrophage activation-related chemokines and mitogen-activated kinase kinase (MAPKK)-degrading proteolytic activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 2023. [PMID: 36601897 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate salivary concentrations of macrophage activation-related chemokines and mitogen-activated kinase kinase (MAPKK)-degrading proteolytic activity in children and adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS A total of 122 children and adolescents (65 T1DM patients, 50.8% female, mean age:10.9 years; 57 systemically healthy controls, 36.8% female, mean age: 9.5 years) were included in the study. Salivary concentrations of interferon gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) were quantified using a bead-based technique. MAPKK-degrading proteolytic activity was detected using fluorescent peptide substrates. RESULTS The T1DM group had higher plaque index (PI%, p = 0.032) and bleeding on probing (BOP%, p = 0.045) scores, and lower decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft/DMFT, p = 0.002) index scores compared to the healthy controls. Compared to the controls, salivary MCP-1 (p = 0.007), MCP-3 (p < 0.001), MIG (p = 0.007), and MIP-1α (p = 0.033) concentrations were elevated whereas MCP-4 concentrations decreased (p < 0.001) in the T1DM group. After adjusting for age, PI%, BOP%, and dmft/DMFT scores, significant differences in salivary concentrations of MIG (p = 0.033) and MIP-1α (p = 0.017) were observed between the groups. Moreover, protease activities directed to the cleavage sites of MEK23-18 (p = 0.001), MKK6b7-22 (p = 0.007), MKK451-66 (p = 0.005), MKK7b37-52 (p = 0.034), and MKK7b69-84 (p = 0.009) were elevated in the T1DM group. CONCLUSION T1DM disrupts the salivary macrophage activation-related chemokine profile and dysregulates proteolytic MAPKK cleavage. These findings can be an outcome of the impaired systemic immune response in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Recep Polat
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
| | - Wendy Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elif Gül Aydin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dogukan Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Floris Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Potential protein markers in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) revealed by salivary proteomics. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:243-251. [PMID: 35016969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The lack of specific pharmacological therapy for Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its clinical heterogeneity demand efforts directed toward the identification of biomarkers to aid in diagnosis. Proteomics offers a new perspective for studying the altered proteins associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and we have saliva as an easy-to-collect biological fluid with important biomolecules for investigating biomarkers in various diseases. In this sense, saliva could be used to identify potential biomarkers of ASD. In the current work, saliva samples were collected from children with different degrees of ASD and healthy children and proteomics approaches were applied to generate data on differentially expressed proteins between groups which will serve as a basis for future validation studies as protein markers. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030065. As results, 132 proteins were present in 80% of the saliva pools of all analyzed groups. Twenty-five proteins were identified as overexpressed in the group of severe and mild/moderate ASD carriers, among which, eight were identified as potential biomarkers for ASD.
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7
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Görgülü NG, Doğan B. Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment on Salivary and Serum Biomarkers in Stage III Grade B and C Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1191-1205. [PMID: 35043972 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the levels of total matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), macrophage-activating factors (MAF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), interleukin (IL)-34 in saliva and serum of periodontally healthy, periodontitis stage III grade B (P-III-B) and grade C (P-III-C) participants and to compare the changes after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). METHODS A total of non-smoker and systemically healthy 65 participants, 20 periodontally healthy, 20 P-III-B, and 25 P-III-C were recruited for the study. The periodontal parameters were recorded, saliva and serum samples were obtained from all participants at baseline. In periodontitis groups, the periodontal parameters were reevaluated, and the samples were recollected at 1 and 3 months following the NSPT. MMP-8, MAF, MIP-1α, M-CSF, and IL34 levels were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics curve was performed for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS All periodontal parameters were improved in periodontitis groups after NSPT (p<0.05). Among tested molecules, salivary MMP-8 and MAF were higher in both periodontitis groups compared to healthy controls (p<0.05) at baseline and significantly decreased after NSPT (p<0.05) to healthy levels or below. Salivary MMP-8 had the highest diagnostic ability both for P-III-B (AUC:0.78 sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 80%) and P-III-C (AUC:0.88 sensitivity: 88%; specificity: 80%). Moreover, after adjusting for age, periodontitis groups were associated with salivary MMP-8 and MAF levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study showed that high salivary MMP-8 and MAF levels were associated with non-smoker, systemically healthy P-III-B and P-III-C. Moreover, NSPT was remarkably reduced their levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimet Gül Görgülü
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Başak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Jukic A, Bakiri L, Wagner EF, Tilg H, Adolph TE. Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function. Gut 2021; 70:1978-1988. [PMID: 34145045 PMCID: PMC8458070 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) emerged with Westernisation of dietary habits worldwide. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic debilitating conditions that afflict individuals with substantial morbidity and challenge healthcare systems across the globe. Since identification and characterisation of calprotectin (CP) in the 1980s, faecal CP emerged as significantly validated, non-invasive biomarker that allows evaluation of gut inflammation. Faecal CP discriminates between inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the gut and portraits the disease course of human IBD. Recent studies revealed insights into biological functions of the CP subunits S100A8 and S100A9 during orchestration of an inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces across organ systems. In this review, we summarise longitudinal evidence for the evolution of CP from biomarker to rheostat of mucosal inflammation and suggest an algorithm for the interpretation of faecal CP in daily clinical practice. We propose that mechanistic insights into the biological function of CP in the gut and beyond may facilitate interpretation of current assays and guide patient-tailored medical therapy in IBD, a concept warranting controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almina Jukic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Lira-Junior R, Bissett SM, Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ, Boström EA. Levels of myeloid-related proteins in saliva for screening and monitoring of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1430-1440. [PMID: 34409624 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the salivary levels of myeloid-related markers in relation to periodontal disease and their potential screening capability, as well as the effects of periodontal treatment on these markers in periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants with a healthy periodontium (n = 60) and with gingivitis (n = 63) and periodontitis (n = 72) were recruited. Periodontitis patients received non-surgical treatment and were re-examined after 3 and 6 months. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after therapy for the periodontitis patients. Levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), interleukin-34 (IL-34), S100A8/A9, S100A12, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were analysed by immunoassays. RESULTS CSF-1, S100A8/A9, S100A12, IL-1β, MMP-8, and HGF were significantly elevated in saliva from periodontitis and gingivitis patients in comparison to healthy individuals, whereas IL-34 was significantly lower in periodontitis compared to both healthy individuals and gingivitis patients. IL-34 increased significantly 3 months after treatment, while IL-1β and MMP-8 decreased 1 month after therapy. Additionally, periodontitis patients clustered in high and low levels of S100A8/A9, whereby those with high levels had more bleeding, deeper pockets, and higher S100A12. CONCLUSIONS Salivary levels of myeloid-related markers are altered in periodontitis and are partially modulated by periodontal treatment. Measuring S100A8/A9 in saliva may identify distinct groups of periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Lira-Junior
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Susan M Bissett
- School of Dental Sciences and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - John J Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elisabeth A Boström
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Bozkurt Doğan Ş, Öngöz Dede F, Ballı U, Sertoğlu E. Emerging roles of Interleukin-34 together with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand and osteoprotegerin levels in periodontal disease. Cytokine 2021; 144:155584. [PMID: 34034144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dependence between gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of Interleukin-34 (IL-34) level and Receptor activator of nuclear factor -kB ligand/ osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio in the severity of periodontitis might reveal an unknown pathway of diseases with bone destruction. There is no study about the evaluation of IL-34 levels together with GCF RANKL and OPG levels in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). The objectives of this research were to investigate changes in the levels and relative ratios of IL-34, OPG, and RANKL in the GCF of patients with periodontitis before and after NSPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS 20 healthy participants (CTRL), 20 patients with stage 3-grade B periodontitis and 20 with stage 3-grade C periodontitis were recruited. GCF and clinical periodontal recordings were investigated at the baseline and 6 weeks after NSPT. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for quantifying of GCF IL-34, RANKL and OPG levels and their relative ratios were calculated. RESULTS Greater values for GCF IL-34 and RANKL levels were found in the both of periodontitis groups than in CTRL group at baseline, whereas GCF OPG levels were statistically lower at baseline (P < 0.05). GCF IL-34 and RANKL levels decreased in the 6th week after NSPT in the both periodontitis groups, while the concentration OPG levels statistically increased (P < 0.05). Significantly positive correlations among the IL-34 with RANKL, sampled-site clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI), whereas negative correlation with OPG were reported (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GCF IL-34 levels was high in patients with periodontitis and decreased after NSPT and its levels showed positive correlations with RANKL/OPG ratio levels CAL and GI. Determining of IL-34 levels together with RANKL/OPG ratio in GCF may therefore be valuable in detecting high risk individuals with periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Bozkurt Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Figen Öngöz Dede
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Umut Ballı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdim Sertoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Yoshida A, Bouziane A, Erraji S, Lakhdar L, Rhissassi M, Miyazaki H, Ansai T, Iwasaki M, Ennibi O. Etiology of aggressive periodontitis in individuals of African descent. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:20-26. [PMID: 33737991 PMCID: PMC7946349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a form of periodontitis that affects adolescents and has a significantly higher prevalence in individuals of African descent. AgP typically shows familial aggregation, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Young age, good health status, rapid attachment loss, and familial aggregation are the primary features of this disease. AgP has been closely linked to specific bacterial strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from patients with AgP produce leukotoxin (LtxA), which specifically affects polymorphonuclear leukocytes in primates, especially humans. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed differences in the subgingival microbiota between patients with AgP and those with chronic periodontitis (ChP). The genera Atopobium and Prevotella show increased prevalences in AgP than in ChP. According to AgP susceptibility, several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been detected in different genes in individuals of African descent. Interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β genetic polymorphisms may be associated with the severity of both ChP and AgP. An elevated serum level of IL-17 produced by Th17 cells may be a characteristic of AgP. Analyses of the relationships among bacteria, host defenses, genetic predisposition, and numerous other factors are required to understand the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Amal Bouziane
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Samir Erraji
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leila Lakhdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Rhissassi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Department of Dental Technology, Meirin College, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Oumkeltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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12
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Yilmaz D, Gönüllü E, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK. Salivary and serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inhibitory factor, and fractalkine in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1295-1305. [PMID: 33330982 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and fractalkine are chemokines that are expressed by a variety of cell types to regulate macrophage inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on their serum and salivary concentrations. METHODS Adults with either periodontitis (P, n = 21), or with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 23), or with both diseases (RA+P, n = 23) were included in the study. Systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (n = 22) served as controls. Saliva and serum samples were collected from all participants before the medical and periodontal examinations. Salivary and serum MCP-1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations were measured by the Luminex technique. Total salivary protein levels were determined by the Bradford assay. RESULTS Salivary MCP-1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations were elevated in both RA groups (RA+P and RA) in comparison with systemically healthy controls. As related to total salivary protein levels, higher MCP-1 (P = 0.003) and fractalkine (P = 0.045) concentrations were found in controls compared with the P group. In serum, MCP-1 concentrations in the RA+P group were higher (P = 0.003) than those of group P. Elevated serum fractalkine concentrations were observed in both periodontitis groups (RA+P, P = 0.014; and P, P = 0.013) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS In RA, MCP-1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations are elevated in saliva. These chemokines may disrupt oral macrophage responses and potentially take part in the interaction between periodontitis and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogukan Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Emel Gönüllü
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Mikolai C, Branitzki-Heinemann K, Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis A, Stiesch M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Winkel A. Neutrophils exhibit an individual response to different oral bacterial biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 13:1856565. [PMID: 33391628 PMCID: PMC7733916 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1856565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral innate immunity is led by neutrophils. It is still unclear how their main antimicrobial mechanisms against different biofilms may contribute to balance or dysregulation in the oral cavity. We investigated the capacity of commensal (Streptococcus oralis) and pathogenic (Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) monospecies biofilms to induce or to inhibit selected antimicrobial mechanisms of neutrophils. S. oralis induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 8 and 9 secretion. However, these responses were partially reduced in PMA-activated neutrophils indicating a balance-like neutrophil response, which might be important for the maintenance of oral health. P. gingivalis generally induced ROS. Reduced NET formation and significantly decreased MMP secretion were detectable in activated neutrophils highlighting P. gingivalis’ nucleolytic and proteolytic activity, which might support bacterial colonization and pathogenesis of periodontitis. In contrast, A. actinomycetemcomitans did not affect the levels of antimicrobial factors in activated neutrophils and induced NET formation, ROS production, and secretion of MMP-8 and -9 in neutrophils alone, which might contribute to tissue destruction and disease progression. In summary, neutrophil responses to biofilms were species-specific and might support either maintenance of oral health or pathogenesis of periodontitis depending on the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mikolai
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katja Branitzki-Heinemann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Salivary MRP-8/14 and the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria in children with bonded maxillary expansion treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3767-3774. [PMID: 33270150 PMCID: PMC8137619 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate changes in saliva concentration of the inflammatory marker MRP-8/14 and the presence of some periodontitis-associated bacteria in patients with mixed dentition treated with a rigid acrylic, bonded maxillary expander. METHODS Fifteen patients in mixed dentition treated with a bonded palatal expander were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Saliva samples were taken before the therapy, as well as in 2 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the beginning of the therapy. In each sample, the levels of MRP-8/14 were determined by ELISA and the presence of 11 bacteria was detected by PCR followed by DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS Salivary concentration of MRP-8/14 and the amount of Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly increased during treatment with bonded maxillary expander. These changes were transient and the maximal levels of MRP-8/14 and periodontitis-associated pathogens were observed 6-9 months after the beginning of the therapy. CONCLUSION Therapy with bonded maxillary results in higher MRP-8/14 levels and increased prevalence of some periodontitis-associated bacteria, namely T. forsythia, T. denticola, and E. corrodens. The results suggest the detection of salivary MRP-8/14 levels may be a potential tool to reflect the oral health status in children with fixed orthodontic treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that the treatment with bonded maxillary expander might influence the oral health status and should be accompanied by the careful control of the oral health during the therapy.
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15
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Expression profile of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:105003. [PMID: 33279833 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pivotal mediator of host innate immunity and influences the development of several inflammatory diseases. The role of MIF in periodontitis is unclear. METHODS Eighteen periodontally healthy volunteers and 18 patients with stage III or IV periodontitis were enrolled. Blood samples and gingival tissues were collected from all individuals. The serum concentrations of MIF and MCP-1 were measured by ELISA. The protein and mRNA levels of MIF and MCP-1 in gingival tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative PCR. The levels of secreted MIF and MCP-1, as well as their mRNA levels, were determined by ELISA and quantitative PCR in oral epithelial cells infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. RESULTS After adjusting for age, the level of MCP-1 was significantly higher in the serum and gingival tissue of periodontitis patients, as well as in infected epithelial cells. The serum concentration of MIF was increased in periodontitis patients (15.25 ± 2.16 ng/mL, P < 0.05) compared to healthy controls (10.43 ± 1.02 ng/mL). Increased MIF immunoreactivity was found in gingival epithelial tissue but not in the gingival connective tissue of periodontitis patients. The secretion of MIF was 3.82-fold higher in the supernatant of infected cells than in the supernatant of control (P < 0.01). No increase in the MIF mRNA level was found in either gingival tissue or epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Based on our limited evidence, we showed the level of MIF was related to periodontal conditions. P. gingivalis may contribute to the development and progression of periodontitis through MIF.
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16
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Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Manzano-Moreno FJ, Ruiz C, Illescas-Montes R. Salivary Biomarkers and Their Application in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of the Most Common Oral Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145173. [PMID: 32708341 PMCID: PMC7403990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a highly versatile biological fluid that is easy to gather in a non-invasive manner—and the results of its analysis complement clinical and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of multiple diseases. The objective of this review was to offer an update on the contribution of salivary biomarkers to the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases of the oral cavity, including oral lichen planus, periodontitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, oral leukoplakia, peri-implantitis, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Salivary biomarkers such as interleukins, growth factors, enzymes, and other biomolecules have proven useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of these diseases, facilitating the early evaluation of malignization risk and the monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. However, further studies are required to identify new biomarkers and verify their reported role in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (F.J.M.-M.); (R.I.-M.)
| | - Victor J. Costela-Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (F.J.M.-M.); (R.I.-M.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (F.J.M.-M.); (R.I.-M.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (F.J.M.-M.); (R.I.-M.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958243497
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (F.J.M.-M.); (R.I.-M.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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17
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Bikker FJ, Nascimento GG, Nazmi K, Silbereisen A, Belibasakis GN, Kaman WE, Lopez R, Bostanci N. Salivary Total Protease Activity Based on a Broad-Spectrum Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Approach to Monitor Induction and Resolution of Gingival Inflammation. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:667-676. [PMID: 31372941 PMCID: PMC6775538 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary total protease and chitinase activities were measured by a broad-spectrum fluorescence resonance energy transfer approach as predictors of induction and resolution of gingival inflammation in healthy individuals by applying an experimental human gingivitis model. METHODS Dental biofilm accumulated (21 days, Induction Phase) by omitting oral hygiene practices followed by a 2-week Resolution Phase to restore gingival health in an experimental gingivitis study. Plaque accumulation, as assessed by the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), and gingival inflammation, assessed using the Modified Gingival Index (MGI), scores were recorded and unstimulated saliva was collected weekly. Saliva was analysed for total protein, albumin, total protease activity and chitinase activity (n = 18). RESULTS The TQHPI and MGI scores, as well as total protease activity, increased until day 21. After re-establishment of oral hygiene, gingival inflammation levels returned to values similar to baseline (day 0). Levels of protease activity decreased significantly, but not to baseline values. Furthermore, 'fast' responders, who responded immediately to plaque, exhibited significantly higher proteolytic activity throughout the experimental course than 'slow' responders, who showed a lagged inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The results indicate that differential inflammatory responses encompass inherent variations in total salivary proteolytic activities, which could be further utilised in contemporary diagnostic, prognostic and treatment modalities for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Free University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Free University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Free University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Lopez
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Yucel ZPK, Silbereisen A, Emingil G, Tokgoz Y, Kose T, Sorsa T, Tsilingaridis G, Bostanci N. Salivary biomarkers in the context of gingival inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1339-1347. [PMID: 32100289 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening chronic inflammatory disease in children due to respiratory complications. Saliva could serve as a reservoir of bacterial colonization and potentially reflect systemic inflammation. This study investigated whether salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), interleukin (IL)-1β, and calprotectin are associated with CF or reflect concomitant gingival inflammation. METHODS Ten CF (aged 3 to 12 years) and 10 systemically healthy (SH) age- and sex-matched children (C) were enrolled in the study. Individuals with CF underwent routine laboratory determinations. Probing depth, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded on fully erupted teeth and saliva samples collected. Salivary TREM-1, PGLYRP1, IL-1β, and calprotectin were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Children with CF had significantly higher BOP scores (P = 0.001) and calprotectin levels (P = 0.017) compared with the C group. TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β could not distinguish between CF and SH but showed positive correlation with GI, PI, and BOP in both groups. Calprotectin levels positively correlated with procalcitonin (P = 0.014), thrombocyte counts (P = 0.001), mean platelet volume (P = 0.030), and with PGLYRP1 (P = 0.019) and IL-1β (P = 0.013) in CF children. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for calprotectin (CFvsC) showed an area under the curve of 0.79 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.99, P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS CF children presented with higher gingival inflammation scores and salivary calprotectin levels, that correlated with systemic inflammatory markers. Salivary calprotectin levels were not associated with periodontal parameters. Hence, preliminary data demonstrate that salivary calprotectin might have a chairside diagnostic potential for CF in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gulnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Tokgoz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Timur Kose
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georgios Tsilingaridis
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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S100A9 Increases IL-6 and RANKL Expressions through MAPKs and STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Osteocyte-Like Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7149408. [PMID: 32149126 PMCID: PMC7053464 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7149408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Calprotectin is a heterocomplex of S100A8 and S100A9 and is mainly secreted from neutrophils, monocytes, and chondrocytes in inflammatory condition. Calprotectin binds to RAGE and TLR4 and induces the expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in various cells. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. Calprotectin levels in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients are higher than healthy patients. In the present study, the effects of S100A8 and S100A9 on the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and bone metabolism-related factors in mouse osteocyte-like cells (MLO-Y4-A2) were investigated. Design MLO-Y4-A2 cells were treated with S100A8 and S100A9, and the expressions of RAGE, TLR4, RANKL, and several inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by PCR and Western blotting or ELISA methods. To investigate the intracellular signaling pathways, phosphorylation of MAPK and STAT3 was determined by Western blotting, and chemical specific inhibitors and siRNAs were used. Results Expressions of IL-6 and RANKL were increased by treatment with S100A9 but not S100A8. However, both S100A8 and S100A9 did not change expression of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α. Although RAGE and TLR4 expressions were not upregulated by S100A9 treatment, transfection of siRNA for RAGE and TLR4 significantly decreased IL-6 and RANKL expressions. In addition, S100A9 activated p38, ERK, and STAT3 signaling pathways, and inhibitors for these factors significantly decreased S100A9-induced IL-6 and RANKL expressions. Conclusions These results indicated that S100A9 induces IL-6 and RANKL production via engagement with RAGE and TLR4 signalings in osteocytes and suggested that S100A9 may play important roles in the periodontal alveolar bone destruction.
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20
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Cirano FR, Pimentel SP, Ribeiro FV, Casati MZ, Casarin RC, Gallafassi DF, Nishii D, Corrêa MG. Impact of history of periodontitis on gene expression of bone-related factors in young patients. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e014. [PMID: 32074214 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dental implants and bone regenerative procedures are important approaches for the reestablishment of esthetics and function in young patients with a history of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), no predictable outcomes have been reported, and the host osteo-immunoinflammatory response may play a relevant role in this context. In view of the lack of molecular investigations into the bone tissue condition of young patients with periodontitis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of bone-related factors in this population. Bone biopsies were obtained from the posterior mandible in 16 individuals previously diagnosed with GAP and on periodontal support therapy and from 17 periodontally healthy (PH) patients. The gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and type I collagen (COL-I), important biomarkers of bone turnover, was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Lower TGF-β and OPG mRNA levels were observed in GAP patients compared to PH individuals (p ≤ 0.05). There were no between-group differences in levels of TNF-α, BSP, RANKL, OC, or COL-I mRNA (p>0.05). In young adults, a history of periodontal disease can negatively modulate the gene expression of important bone-related factors in alveolar bone tissue. These molecular outcomes may contribute to the future development of therapeutic approaches to benefit bone healing in young patients with history of periodontitis via modulation of osteo-immuno-inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Ribeiro Cirano
- Universidade Paulista - UNIP, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzana Peres Pimentel
- Universidade Paulista - UNIP, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro
- Universidade Paulista - UNIP, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Zaffalon Casati
- Universidade Paulista - UNIP, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Corrêa Casarin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Freire Gallafassi
- Universidade Paulista - UNIP, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Nishii
- Universidade Paulista - UNIP, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Grazieli Corrêa
- Universidade Paulista - UNIP, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Azevedo AM, Carvalho Rocha LP, de Faria Amormino SA, Cavalieri Gomes C, Ornelas Dutra W, Santiago Gomez R, da Costa JE, Rocha Moreira P. DNA methylation profile of genes related to immune response in generalized periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:426-431. [PMID: 31943216 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epigenetic events, as the DNA methylation, may be related to development of inflammatory diseases. Due to the important role of host's response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the methylation profile of genes related to immune response in gingival tissues from patients with generalized periodontitis (GP) compared to healthy individuals. METHODS Gingival tissues were collected from 20 individuals with GP and 20 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted and submitted to enzymatic digestions. An initial screening using a panel of genes involved with the response immune was performed in pools containing six samples of each group. Genes that presented different levels of methylation between the groups were selected for individual assays for validation. RESULTS The array results showed an unmethylated profile in the majority of genes evaluated in both groups. MALT1, LTB, and STAT5 genes presented a profile of partial methylation in the control compared with GP group. Validation individual assays using a larger number of samples (n = 20, each group) confirmed the hypomethylation of STAT5 in the GP group compared with control group (P < .001). CONCLUSION Generalized periodontitis is associated with hypomethylation of the STAT5 gene. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the functional impact these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mara Azevedo
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Carvalho Rocha
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Cavalieri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José Eustáquio da Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paula Rocha Moreira
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Arreguin-Cano JA, Ayerdi-Nájera B, Tacuba-Saavedra A, Navarro-Tito N, Dávalos-Martínez A, Emigdio-Vargas A, Barrera-Rodríguez E, Blanco-García N, Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Ventura-Molina E, León-Dorantes G. MMP-2 salivary activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:113. [PMID: 31892956 PMCID: PMC6937721 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with a bidirectional relationship. The uncontrolled levels of glucose in T2DM patients change the pathophysiology and balance of inflammatory mediators. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is responsible for tissue remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix in periodontal tissue. Therefore, the uncontrolled levels of glucose in T2DM could lead to an imbalance in MMP-2 activity in saliva, favoring the development of periodontitis. METHODS Ninety-seven T2DM patients from Hospital Dr. Donato Alarcon were included in the study. Following clinical examination, the patients were classified into four groups according to the presence and degree of periodontal disease and glycemic control. Blood and whole saliva samples (WSS) were collected from each patient. Blood samples were used for Hba1c and polymorphonuclear cells count determination, while WSS were used to determine MMP-2 activity, TIMP-1 and nitrite. MMP-2 activity was determined by zymography. TIMP-1 were determined by Western blotting, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined by the Griess method. RESULTS Of the 97 patients with T2DM, 66 had periodontitis of different severities: 18 patients had mild periodontitis, 15 had moderate and 33 had severe. Salivary MMP-2 activity, HbA1c and TIMP-1 were positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. On the other hand, the increase in HbA1c was negatively correlated with MMP-2 activity and quantity of TIMP-1 but was positively correlated with nitrite levels. CONCLUSIONS T2DM with glycemic uncontrol conditions, distinct clinical alterations in periodontal tissue were identified, including a decrease in the gingival redness, increased the clinical attachment loss and imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-1, as the possible causes of disorders promoting the progression of periodontitis. Accelerated periodontitis development with poor glycemic uncontrol likely results from the altered response of host defenses and decreased activity of polymorphonuclear cells. Taken together, these findings identify MMP-2 as a promising molecular market for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Arreguin-Cano
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Brenda Ayerdi-Nájera
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Arvey Tacuba-Saavedra
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology of Cancer, School of Chemical Sciences-Biological, University Autonomy of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology of Cancer, School of Chemical Sciences-Biological, University Autonomy of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dávalos-Martínez
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Abel Emigdio-Vargas
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Elia Barrera-Rodríguez
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Nubia Blanco-García
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Gloria Gutiérrez-Venegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elías Ventura-Molina
- Intelligent Computing Laboratory, Computer Research Center, Polytechnic Institute in Computing, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gladys León-Dorantes
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
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Huang X, Hu X, Zhao M, Zhang Q. Analysis of salivary exosomal proteins in young adults with severe periodontitis. Oral Dis 2019; 26:173-181. [PMID: 31630466 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salivary exosomes harbour numerous constituents associated with oral and systemic diseases. However, no reports addressed components of salivary exosomes in patients with periodontitis. Our study aims to explore salivary exosomal proteins in young adults with severe periodontitis (SP) and to analyse the relationships between different proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected saliva from 11 young adults with SP and 11 periodontally healthy subjects. After isolation of salivary exosomes, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyse proteins. Gene ontology analysis was performed based on GeneCodis, and interaction network analysis for unique salivary exosomal proteins was performed by STRING. RESULTS Twenty-six proteins were identified only in the SP group, and 58 proteins were identified only in the healthy group. Gene ontology analysis revealed that innate immune response, cytolysis and complement activation were highly enriched in the SP group. Interaction network analysis showed that the correlations among immune-related proteins (e.g. complement components and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28) were significant in the SP group. C6 proteins expressed only in the SP group were evaluated by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS Salivary exosomes from periodontitis patients are enriched immune-related proteins that might participate in the immune response during the development of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinnong Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Minzhi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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24
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Wei L, Liu M, Xiong H. Role of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Periodontal Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3515026. [PMID: 31530995 PMCID: PMC6721252 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3515026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a common infectious and inflammatory disease characterised by inflammation of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth and destruction of the associated alveolar bone, eventually resulting in tooth loss. This disease is caused by periodontopathic bacteria in plaque biofilm and resultant innate and adaptive immune responses in periodontal tissues. Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein of the S-100 protein family and is found to be induced by activated granulocytes, monocytes, and epithelial cells. CLP has been shown to play an important role in numerous inflammatory diseases and disorders. Increasing evidence indicates that CLP is involved in the progression of PD, and its levels may be associated with disease severity and outcome of periodontal treatments. This review will summarise recent studies regarding the presence, regulation, and function of CLP in PD. The findings indicate that CLP may be an effective biomarker for diagnosis and treatment for the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwen Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haofei Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
As molecular biology advances, an increasing number of proteins are becoming detectable at very low levels in different biological tissues. In this regard, saliva holds vast promise. Unlike blood, saliva can be sampled 1) non-invasively; 2) across all ages (newborn to elderly); 3) in the field; 4) by study participants; and 5) many times per day. With respect to psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), physiological measures of stress such as cortisol have been well characterized. Alpha amylase provides another physiological index of stress; it is a measure of autonomic nervous system activation and is quantifiable in saliva. Other salivary measures, such as inflammatory biomarkers and immunoglobulin A (IgA), provide valuable information pertaining to the effects of stress on inflammation, mucosal immunity, and oral health. Importantly, due to various methodological issues and a lack of strong correlation between saliva and blood measures, investigators should proceed with caution in drawing conclusions from measures of salivary inflammation that pertain to systemic immunity or generalized health.
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26
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva, and Serum of Chronic Periodontitis Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7850392. [PMID: 30868074 PMCID: PMC6379857 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7850392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an infection that affects the teeth supporting structure. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important effector cytokine of the innate immune system. Due to its functional characteristics, MIF may be involved in the immunopathology of CP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MIF levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum of CP patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 subjects divided into two groups: subjects with CP (n= 30) and periodontally healthy subjects without CP (n=30). MIF was quantified in GCF, saliva, and serum of all participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MIF concentrations were higher in GCF, saliva, and serum in the group with CP compared with the group without CP and a higher MIF concentration was observed in GCF (p=0.001) and saliva (p=0.009) in the group with CP. MIF intragroup comparisons between fluids demonstrated significant high levels of MIF in saliva compared with GCF and serum in both study groups (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between clinical signs and MIF concentration in GCF (p<0.05). There is an association between the MIF and the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, MIF could have an important role in the pathology and progression of CP.
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Qin M, Zou Y, Zhong K, Guo Y, Zou X. Expression of S100A8 is induced by interleukin‑1α in TR146 epithelial cells through a mechanism involving CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2413-2420. [PMID: 30664211 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin in mucosal epidermal keratinocytes has an important role in fighting microbial infections. S100A8 belongs to the S100 protein family and is a subunit of calprotectin (heterodimer complex of S100A8/A9). Interleukin‑1α (IL‑1α) is one of the cytokines produced by oral keratinocytes. The primary aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of IL‑1α on the expression of S100A8 and its underlying molecular mechanism in oral epithelial cells. Determining the molecular mechanism of the induced expression of S100A8 by IL‑1α aims to improve current understanding of the roles of calprotectin during the infection of mucosal epithelial cells. The expression analysis indicated that IL‑1α significantly induced the expression of S100A8 in human TR146 epithelial cells at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The reporter assay demonstrated that the upregulatory effect of S100A8 induced by IL‑1α was dependent on the S100A8 promoter specific region (‑165/‑111). The results of electrophoresis mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay also demonstrated that the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) binding site (‑113/‑109) in the S100A8 promoter region was involved into the upregulatory effect on the expression of S100A8 induced by IL‑1α. Taken together, these results suggested that the activation of the expression of S100A8 induced by IL‑1α in TR146 epithelial cells involves a mechanism by which the binding activity of C/EBPβ to the specific site (‑113/‑109) of the S100A8 promoter is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqun Qin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Yantao Zou
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Kanghua Zhong
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
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28
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Zhou L, Bi C, Gao L, An Y, Chen F, Chen F. Macrophage polarization in human gingival tissue in response to periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2018; 25:265-273. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Chun‐Sheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Li‐Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Fa‐Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
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29
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Peyyala R, Emecen-Huja P, Ebersole JL. Environmental lead effects on gene expression in oral epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:961-971. [PMID: 30152021 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Host responses in periodontitis span a range of local and emigrating cell types and biomolecules. Accumulating evidence regarding the expression of this disease across the population suggests some component of genetic variation that controls onset and severity of disease, in concert with the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the oral microbiome at sites of disease. However, there remains little information regarding the capacity of accruing environmental stressors or modifiers over a lifespan at both the host genetic and microbial ecology levels to understand fully the population variation in disease. This study evaluated the impact of environmental lead exposure on the responses of oral epithelial cells to challenge with a model pathogenic oral biofilm. METHODS AND RESULTS Using NanoString technology to quantify gene expression profiles of an array of 511 host response-associated genes in the epithelial cells, we identified an interesting primary panel of basal responses of the cells with numerous genes not previously considered as major response markers for epithelial cells, eg, interleukin (IL)-32, CTNNB1, CD59, MIF, CD44 and CD99. Even high levels of environment lead had little effect on these constitutive responses. Challenge of the cells with the biofilms (Streptococcus gordonii/Fusobacterium nucleatum/Porphyromonas gingivalis) resulted in significant increases in an array of host immune-related genes (134 of 511). The greatest magnitude in differential expression was observed with many genes not previously described as major response genes in epithelial cells, including IL-32, CD44, NFKBIA, CTSC, TNFAIP3, IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-8 and CCL20. The effects of environmental lead on responses to the biofilms were mixed, although levels of IL-8, CCL20 and CD70 were significantly decreased at lead concentrations of 1 and/or 5 μmol/L. CONCLUSION The results provided new information on a portfolio of genes expressed by oral epithelial cells, targeted substantial increases in an array of immune-related genes post-biofilm challenge, and a focused impact of environmental lead on these induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Peyyala
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Pinar Emecen-Huja
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Laputková G, Schwartzová V, Bánovčin J, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Salivary Protein Roles in Oral Health and as Predictors of Caries Risk. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:174-200. [PMID: 33817083 PMCID: PMC7874700 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Laputková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Schwartzová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Bánovčin
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, Košice, 041 90, Slovakia
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
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