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Bakaloudi DR, Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, Wickramasinghe K, Chourdakis M. Impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on body weight: A combined systematic review and a meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:3046-3054. [PMID: 34049749 PMCID: PMC8056819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the imposed lockdowns in order to control the pandemic, had undoubtedly influenced the lifestyle of millions of people worldwide. The period of confinement, which was characterized by seizing most business activities and allowing only for e-classes at schools and universities, leading also to a lower physical activity, could have affected eating behaviors of people of all ages. In this study we aimed to investigate the impact of the first lockdown period (March-May 2020) on body weight (BW) and on body mass index (BMI) in both adults and adolescents (>16 years old). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science® and EMBASE® databases and 36 observational (35 cross-sectional and one cohort) studies were included. BW and BMI changes after/during the lockdown period were examined. BW was stated as increased in a significant part of the individuals (11.1-72.4%), although a range of 7.2-51.4% of individuals reported weight loss. A significant higher BW was observed with a weighted mean between-group difference (WMD) 1.57 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.14) in the post-lockdown period compared to the before lockdown time and higher BMI, 0.31 WMD (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.45) was identified before the lockdown period. At variance with general trends, one study in older adults (>60 years old) notably reported a significant BW loss, suggesting a higher risk for lockdown-induced weight loss and potentially malnutrition in the elderly population. Overall increments in BW are an alarming effect of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to potential higher incidence of overweight, obesity and related health-risks as well as other noncommunicable diseases. Further studies are needed to assess potential group-specific impacts, with particular regard to weight gain in younger people and risk of weight loss, malnutrition and sarcopenia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- University of Hohenheim, Department of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Joao Breda
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Russian Federation.
| | - Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of NCDs, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Lee J, Kwon KH. A cross-sectional study on the use of big data for the past H1N1 influenza epidemic in obesity after COVID-19: Focused on the body slimming cream and leptin via DTC gene test. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5321-5335. [PMID: 36161752 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the big data of 2010, 2011, and 2012, when H1N1 influenza was prevalent around the world in the past, this study investigated the obesity rate, weight change, and dietary methods of Korean dieters based on the historical situation of the past H1N1 influenza epidemic in Republic of Korea. This is intended to be the data for utilizing the prognostic evaluation of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE After COVID-19, research on obesity should be conducted systematically, and to prevent obesity, nutrition education, customized inner beauty & cosmetics, and the development of body slimming cream and leptin for proper diet should be done at the national level. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between methods of weight control, generation, and gender, which have not yet been evaluated in the Korean adult population. METHODS The cross-sectional study was comprised of 25 534 Korean who participated in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012. RESULTS A 17 876 of the 19 375 respondents 20 years of age or older in the KNHNES answered about diet method. Two thousand and fifty-seven (15.63%) men and 4134 (25.77%) women thought of themselves as fat. However, 11 973 people (66.96%) did not change weight in the past year, 2536 people (14.19%) had increase in weight, and 3.164 (17.70%) reduced weight. A total of 7176 people (48.11%) indicated that they attempted to reduce weight through exercising, while 5553 people (37.23%) did so through reduced food intake. CONCLUSIONS This study was based on big data at the time of the H1N1 influenza epidemic in Korean population. The results of the present study will be helpful in the development of the body slimming cream and leptin via direct to consumer (DTC) gene test (GT) due to the rapid increase in obesity due to COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Lee
- Division of Beauty Arts Care, Department of Beauty Arts Care, Graduate School, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Beauty and Health Care, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Flores LE, Elgart JF, Abraham AG, Garrote GL, Torrieri R, Cepeda A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Gagliardino JJ. Changes in lifestyle behaviors during COVID-19 isolation in Argentina: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221127115. [PMID: 36221976 PMCID: PMC9554566 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify changes in population habits induced by COVID-19 confinement in Argentina. METHODS An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults in Argentina on December 2020, requesting possible changes occurring during the COVID-19 outbreak. It included 26 questions regarding general information (age, gender, location), eating habits, desire/anxiety for food or to eat between meals, weight gain, physical activity, and hours of sleep. We ran a descriptive statistical analysis of changes in habits and lifestyle during the confinement, followed by a logistic regression analysis to explore the relation between these changes and weight gain. Results: Out of 1536 survey participants, 57.1% were female, aged 38.8 ± 13.1 years. Data showed that during the outbreak, people experienced significant changes in food intake, physical activity, nutritional supplement consumption, anxiety, and sleeping disorders. These changes in behavior resulted in an elevated percentage of people (39.7%) that gained weight (average 4.8 ± 2.8 kg). Weight gain was associated with more food consumption (OR: 9.398), increased snacking between meals (OR: 1.536), anxiety about food (OR: 3.180), less practice of physical activity (OR: 0.586) and less consumption of nutritional supplements (OR: 0.762). Conclusions: COVID-19 outbreak was associated with unhealthy lifestyle changes and body weight increase. These adverse side effects could be prevented by active promotion of nutritional advice and physical activity, implementing virtual activities associated with regular mass promotion campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Flores
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET-CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jorge F. Elgart
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET-CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Analía G. Abraham
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, CIDCA (CONICET- UNLP- CIC.PBA), La Plata, Argentina
- Área Bioquímica y Control de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas- UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela L. Garrote
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, CIDCA (CONICET- UNLP- CIC.PBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rocío Torrieri
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET-CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA). Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA). Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, Lugo, Spain
| | - Juan J. Gagliardino
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET-CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Miragall M, Herrero R, Rodríguez-Arias M, Baños RM. Eating behaviors, eating styles and body mass index during COVID-19 confinement in a college sample: a predictive model. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35820922 PMCID: PMC9275146 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 confinement affected lifestyles. There is inconclusive evidence about changes in eating patterns, and there are few studies on the impact on body mass index (BMI), the occurrence of dysfunctional behaviors (binge eating, fat intake), and the predictive role of maladaptive eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained eating). OBJECTIVES (1) To analyze the differences in binge eating, fat intake, BMI, and maladaptive eating styles before and during COVID-19 confinement, and (2) to analyze whether maladaptive eating styles (before confinement) predicted binge eating, fat intake, and BMI during confinement. METHODS The sample consisted of 146 Spanish college students, divided into 104 females (71.2%; age: M = 22.20, SD = 2.97) and 42 males (28.8%; age: M = 24.74; SD = 3.53). All completed several dietary measures and BMI twice: before COVID-19 confinement (T1, November 2019) and during COVID-19 confinement (T2, April 2020). RESULTS BMI and maladaptive eating styles did not change in T2 (vs. T1). However, binge eating and fat intake decreased in T2. Emotional eating at T1 positively predicted BMI and binge eating at T2. External eating at T1 positively (and marginally) predicted fat intake at T2. Restrained eating at T1 positively predicted binge eating at T2, and negatively (and marginally) predicted BMI and fat intake at T2. The model explained 80.5% of the variance in BMI, 41.5% of the variance in binge eating, and 25.8% of the variance in fat intake during COVID-19 confinement. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 confinement had a positive impact on some eating behaviors. Future policies should focus part of their prevention on maladaptive eating styles to curb dysfunctional eating behaviors and BMI problems in times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Different Branches of the Agri-Food Industry in Extremadura (Spain)? LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the world economy since 2020. This study analyzed the impact of the pandemic on innovative agri-food companies from different branches of agro-industrial activity located in Extremadura (Spain). The main aim of this study was to determine which activities have been most affected. Differences between actions and changes made depending on the nature of the product, process, or services were also evaluated. The information was obtained from an online questionnaire in which the research questions were posed (what consequences, actions, or changes has the pandemic had on the development of firms’ activities?). Data were analyzed descriptively, and a statistical study was conducted on the existence or absence of independence between effects and actions based on the branches of activity of agri-food industries. The main results showed that companies’ financial (decrease in turnover and reduction/displacement of product demand) and operational functioning (difficulty in marketing activities and standstill/decline in the fiscal year) has mainly been affected. In response, innovative agro-industries have acted regarding their processes (increased ICT use and new marketing strategies) and procedures (implementation of stricter hygienic-sanitary protocols and reorganization of activities and personnel) to deal with the negative effects on their activities. In general, all agro-industrial branches have incorporated changes in their products and services, mainly by providing new and better customer benefits, and improving product formats and forms of payment to suppliers. These findings provide information for the regional public administration in the development of initiatives that mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic and favor the implementation of actions that help the adaptation of agro-industrial activities. Agricultural policies should incorporate specialized measures to ensure the global sustainability of the food and agriculture system and the supply and production.
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Rubio-Tomás T, Skouroliakou M, Ntountaniotis D. Lockdown Due to COVID-19 and Its Consequences on Diet, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Other Aspects of Daily Life Worldwide: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6832. [PMID: 35682411 PMCID: PMC9180681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for the disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides the important rates of mortality and morbidity directly attributed to the infection itself, many studies detected an important shift towards mostly unhealthy lifestyle patterns in previously healthy non-infected populations all around the world. Although most of the changes in lifestyle had or will have a negative impact on general population health status, some findings are encouraging. Notwithstanding that there was an obvious necessity for governments to apply national lockdowns, it is also necessary to identify and comprehend the consequences they have caused. A narrative literature review was performed, based on scientific articles and previous reviews. An accurate description of changes in eating habits and alcohol consumption, physical activity, mental health, daily routines, economic impacts, and broader effects on society is provided for each continent and different age groups through this review. The volume of selected scientific surveys encompasses approximately 400,000 persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Skouroliakou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Ntountaniotis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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7
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Changes in the Lifestyle of the Spanish University Population during Confinement for COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042210. [PMID: 35206397 PMCID: PMC8872173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on eating and physical activity behavior, in a university population. A healthy diet such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD) pattern, rich in fruit and vegetables, can prevent degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc. We conducted a cross-sectional study and data were collected by an anonymous online questionnaire. Participants completed a survey consisting of 3 sections: sociodemographic data; dietary behavior and physical activity; the Mediterranean Diet questionnaire (MEDAS-14) and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ). A total of 168 participants completed the questionnaire: 66.7% were women, 79.2% were from Spain, 76.8% were students, 76.2% lived in their family home and 66.1% were of normal weight. During lockdown our population shopped for groceries 1 time or less per week (76.8%); maintained the same consumption of fruits (45.2%), vegetables (50.6%), dairy products (61.9%), pulses (64.9%), fish/seafood (57.7%), white meat (77.4%), red and processed meat (71.4%), pastries and snacks (48.2%), rice/pasta/potatoes (70.2%) and nuts (62.5%), spirits (98.8%) and sugary drinks (91.7%). Cooking time increased (73.2%) and the consumption decreased of low alcohol drinks (60.1%), spirits (75%) and sugary drinks (57.1%), and physical activity also diminished (49.4%). University Employees (UE) gained more weight (1.01 ± 0.02) than students (0.99 ± 0.03) (p < 0.05) during the confinement period. A total of 79.8% of the participants obtained a Medium/High Adherence to the MD during lockdown. Emotional and very emotional eaters were higher in the female group (p < 0.01). In the event of further confinement, strategies should be implemented to promote a balanced and healthy diet together with the practice of physical activity, taking special care of the female and UE groups.
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8
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Sane Schepisi M, Di Napoli A, Asciutto R, Vecchi S, Mirisola C, Petrelli A. The 2008 Financial Crisis and Changes in Lifestyle-Related Behaviors in Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8734. [PMID: 34444482 PMCID: PMC8392284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal have all been strongly affected by the 2008 financial crisis, which has had a negative impact on health. We systematically evaluated the effects of the crisis on lifestyle and socioeconomic inequalities. We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and health economics databases for studies reporting quantitative comparisons before and after (or during) the crisis on the following risk behaviors: alcohol consumption, smoking habit, healthy diet, physical activity, and psychotropic drugs and substance abuse, without setting any age restrictions. We selected 34 original articles published between 2011 and 2020. During/after the crisis, alcohol consumption and substance abuse decreased, while psychotropic drug use increased. We also observed a deterioration in healthy eating behavior, with a reduction in fruit and vegetable consumption. Smoking habit and physical activity showed a more complex, controversial trend. Socioeconomic inequalities were affected by the recession, and the negative effects on unhealthy lifestyle tended to be more pronounced among the disadvantaged. These results suggest the need to implement health policies and interventions aimed at monitoring risk behaviors, with special regard to disadvantaged people, and considering the potential additional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sane Schepisi
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP), 00153 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.); (A.D.N.); (R.A.); (C.M.)
- Ministry of Health—General Directorate for Health Prevention, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Anteo Di Napoli
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP), 00153 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.); (A.D.N.); (R.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Rosario Asciutto
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP), 00153 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.); (A.D.N.); (R.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Simona Vecchi
- Department of Epidemiology—Lazio Region, ASL Rome 1, 00147 Rome, Italy;
| | - Concetta Mirisola
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP), 00153 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.); (A.D.N.); (R.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessio Petrelli
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP), 00153 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.); (A.D.N.); (R.A.); (C.M.)
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García-Esquinas E, Ortolá R, Gine-Vázquez I, Carnicero JA, Mañas A, Lara E, Alvarez-Bustos A, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Sotos-Prieto M, Olaya B, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Gusi N, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Struijk EA, Martínez-Gómez D, Lana A, Haro JM, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Ara I, Miret M, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Changes in Health Behaviors, Mental and Physical Health among Older Adults under Severe Lockdown Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7067. [PMID: 34281004 PMCID: PMC8297096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We used data from 3041 participants in four cohorts of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in Spain collected through a pre-pandemic face-to-face interview and a telephone interview conducted between weeks 7 to 15 after the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown. On average, the confinement was not associated with a deterioration in lifestyle risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, diet, or weight), except for a decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, which reversed with the end of confinement. However, chronic pain worsened, and moderate declines in mental health, that did not seem to reverse after restrictions were lifted, were observed. Males, older adults with greater social isolation or greater feelings of loneliness, those with poorer housing conditions, as well as those with a higher prevalence of chronic morbidities were at increased risk of developing unhealthier lifestyles or mental health declines with confinement. On the other hand, previously having a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and doing more physical activity protected older adults from developing unhealthier lifestyles with confinement. If another lockdown were imposed during this or future pandemics, public health programs should specially address the needs of older individuals with male sex, greater social isolation, sub-optimal housing conditions, and chronic morbidities because of their greater vulnerability to the enacted movement restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Gine-Vázquez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - José A. Carnicero
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.A.-B.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
| | - Asier Mañas
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Elvira Lara
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.A.-B.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- CIBEROBN (CIBER of Obesity and Nutrition), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Aragón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Francisco José Garcia-Garcia
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- AFYCAV (Physical Activity, Quality of Life and Health) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jose R. Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ellen A. Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, 33003 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Josep María Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.A.-B.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
| | - Ignacio Ara
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Zajác P, Čurlej J, Benešová L, Čapla J. Hygiene measures in supermarkets, retail food stores, and grocery shops during the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the hygiene measures that are applied in the Slovak Republic in supermarkets, food stores, grocery stores as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Slovakia. These measures have been published by the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic in the relevant legal regulations and are based on the decisions of the Government of the Slovak Republic, which took into account the opinions of the experts of the Pandemic Commission of the Government of the Slovak Republic. In general, these measures are based on the mask-distance-hand principle. In public areas outside and inside, it was ordered to wear masks and later wear a respirator of FFP2 class in exterior and interior, gloves on hands or disinfection of customers' hands before entering the store, observance of 2 m distance of people standing in a row at the cash registers, maximum capacity of persons in stores was determined one person per 25 m2 of sales area and later, this measure was tightened to 15 m2 of sales area. Also, to perform regular ventilation of the premises and to have as many cash registers as possible so as not to create long lines of customers. All shops were closed at 8:00 PM. In the case of shopping centers, entry is prohibited for people with a body temperature higher than 37 °C, and disinfection of hands is mandatory, wearing a mask and later wear respirators of FFP2 class is necessary. In a stricter regime, during the peak of the pandemic, there was a restriction for persons to shop food only in the nearest retail/grocery or similar place from the place of residence to the extent necessary to procure the essential needs of life.
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Abstract
Background: The primary objective worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been controlling disease transmission. However, lockdown measures used to mitigate transmission have affected human behavior and altered lifestyles, with a likely impact on chronic non-communicable diseases. More than a year into the pandemic, substantial peer-reviewed literature has emerged on altered lifestyles following the varying lockdown measures imposed globally to control the virus spread. We explored the impact of lockdown measures on six lifestyle factors, namely diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, social connectedness, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or other harmful substances. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed and the World Health Organization’s global literature database on COVID-19 and retrieved 649 relevant articles for the narrative review. A critical interpretative synthesis of the articles was performed. Results: Most of the articles included in the review identified the negative effect of lockdown measures on each of the lifestyle factors in many parts of the world. Encouraging lifestyle trends were also highlighted in a few articles. Such trends can positively influence the outcome of lifestyle-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to better understand the negative impact of strict lockdown measures on lifestyles. At the same time, it helps us identify and initiate positive behavioral changes, which, if consolidated, could improve chronic disease outcomes. It is up to governments, communities, and healthcare/academic entities to derive benefit from lessons learned from the pandemic, with the ultimate objective of better educating and promoting healthy lifestyles among communities.
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