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Wang LM, Zhang WW, Qiu YY, Wang F. Ferroptosis regulating lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2781-2792. [PMID: 38994139 PMCID: PMC11236228 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its occurrence and development involve complex biological processes. Iron death, as a new cell death mode, has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, the regulatory mechanism of iron death in gastric cancer and its effect on lipid peroxidation metabolism remain unclear. AIM To explore the role of iron death in the development of gastric cancer, reveal its relationship with lipid peroxidation, and provide a new theoretical basis for revealing the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. METHODS The process of iron death in gastric cancer cells was simulated by cell culture model, and the occurrence of iron death was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The changes of gene expression related to iron death and lipid peroxidation metabolism were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. In addition, a mouse model of gastric cancer was established, and the role of iron death in vivo was studied by histology and immunohistochemistry, and the level of lipid peroxidation was detected. These methods comprehensively and deeply reveal the regulatory mechanism of iron death on lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. RESULTS Iron death was significantly activated in gastric cancer cells, and at the same time, associated lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly. Through high-throughput sequencing analysis, it was found that iron death regulated the expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism. In vivo experiments demonstrated that increased iron death in gastric cancer mice was accompanied by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the important role of iron death in regulating lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. The activation of iron death significantly increased lipid peroxidation levels, revealing its regulatory mechanism inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Mei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang 262123, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Feicheng People's Hospital, Tai’an 271600, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Yang Qiu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Wei J, Ji K, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Ji X, Zhou K, Yang X, Lu H, Wang A, Bu Z. Exploration of molecular markers related to chemotherapy efficacy of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:677-693. [PMID: 37943484 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy may not improve the prognosis of patients with hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS), a rare pathological type of gastric cancer. Thus, the study aimed at the genomic and transcriptomic impacts of preoperative chemotherapy on HAS. METHODS Patients with HAS who underwent surgical resection at Peking University Cancer Hospital were retrospectively included in this study. Whole exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing were performed on pre-chemotherapy, non-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy samples. We then compared the alterations in molecular markers between the post-chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups, and between the chemotherapy-effective and chemotherapy-ineffective groups, respectively. RESULTS A total of 79 tumor samples from 72 patients were collected. Compared to the non-chemotherapy group, the mutation frequencies of several genes were changed after chemotherapy, including TP53. In addition, there was a significant increase in the frequency of frameshift mutations and cytosine transversion to adenine (C > A), appearance of COSMIC signature 6 and 14, and a reduced gene copy number amplification. Interestingly, the same phenomenon was observed in chemotherapy-ineffective patients. In addition, many HAS patients had ERBB2, FGFR2, MET and HGF gene amplification. Moreover, the expression of immune-related genes, especially those related to lymphocyte activation, was down-regulated after chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy is closely associated with changes in the molecular characteristics of HAS. After chemotherapy, at genomic and transcriptome level, many features were altered. These changes may be molecular markers of poor chemotherapeutic efficacy and play an important role in chemoresistance in HAS. In addition, ERBB2, FGFR2, MET and HGF gene amplification may be potential therapeutic targets for HAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hongfeng Lu
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhaode Bu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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3
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Jalali Z, Nejad Ebrahimi S, Rezadoost H. Identifying natural products for gastric cancer treatment through pharmacophore creation, 3D QSAR, virtual screening, and molecular dynamics studies. Daru 2023; 31:243-258. [PMID: 37733194 PMCID: PMC10624797 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is known as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and the fifth major cancer in the world, and this is a serious threat to general health all over the world. The lack of early detection markers results in a belated diagnosis, i.e. the final stages, which could be associated with the ineffectiveness of the treatment strategies, and naturally, it leads to poor prognosis. Even though a variety of treatments have been developed, there is a trend of studying traditional medicinal plants, due to the worrying side effect of drugs available in the market. METHODS In this study, pharmacophore generation and 3D-QSAR model were created using 50 compounds with anti-gastric cancer activity (with IC50 had been reported in the previous studies). RESULTS Based on three of the best pharmacophoric hypotheses, virtual screening was performed to discover the top anti-gastric cancer compounds from a database of 183,885 compounds. The selected compounds were used for molecular docking with three protein receptors 7BKG, 4F5B, and 4ZT1 to investigate the intermolecular interactions between these ligands and receptors. Finally, 21 lead compounds with the highest amount of docking score ranging from - 13.366 to -6.404 kcal/mol were selected, and then the ADME/Tox properties of these compounds were calculated. All these compounds have a fitness score above 1.8, a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol, hydrogen bond donors up to 3, hydrogen bond acceptors up to 8.50, and logP of 1.013 to 4.174. Finally, molecular dynamic simulations for top-scoring ligand-receptor complexes were investigated. CONCLUSION These selected lead compounds have the most anti-gastric cancer effects among the 183,885 compounds in the database. Therefore, lead compounds might be considered for gastric cancer therapy in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jalali
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
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4
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An B, Nie W, Hu J, Fan Y, Nie H, Wang M, Zhao Y, Yao H, Ren Y, Zhang C, Wei M, Li W, Liu J, Yang C, Zhang Y, Li X, Tian G. A novel c-Met/TRK inhibitor 1D228 efficiently inhibits tumor growth by targeting angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:728. [PMID: 37945598 PMCID: PMC10636171 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple tumors are synergistically promoted by c-Met and TRK, and blocking their cross-signalling pathway may give better effects. In this study, we developed a tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1D228, which exhibited excellent anti-tumor activity by targeting c-Met and TRK. Models in vitro, 1D228 showed a significant better inhibition on cancer cell proliferation and migration than the positive drug Tepotinib. Models in vivo, 1D228 showed robust anti-tumor effect on gastric and liver tumor growth with 94.8% and 93.4% of the TGI, respectively, comparing 67.61% and 63.9% of Tepotinib. Importantly, compared with the combination of Larotrectinib and Tepotinib, 1D228 monotherapy in MKN45 xenograft tumor models showed stronger antitumor activity and lower toxicity. Mechanistic studies showed that 1D228 can largely inhibit the phosphorylation of TRKB and c-Met. Interestingly, both kinases, TRKs and c-Met, have been found to be co-expressed at high levels in patients with gastric cancer through IHC. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis has revealed that both genes are abnormally co-expressed in multiple types of cancer. Cell cycle analysis found that 1D228 induced G0/G1 arrest by inhibiting cyclin D1. Additionally, vascular endothelial cells also showed a pronounced response to 1D228 due to its expression of TRKB and c-Met. 1D228 suppressed the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells, which are the key functions of tumor angiogenesis. Taken together, compound 1D228 may be a promising candidate for the next generation of c-Met and TRK inhibitors for cancer treatment, and offers a novel potential treatment strategy for cancer patients with abnormal expressions of c-Met or NTRK, or simultaneous of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijiao An
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Wenyan Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Haoran Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Yaxuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Han Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chuanchuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Mengna Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiadai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Geng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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De Marco K, Lepore Signorile M, Di Nicola E, Sanese P, Fasano C, Forte G, Disciglio V, Pantaleo A, Varchi G, Del Rio A, Grossi V, Simone C. SMYD3 Modulates the HGF/MET Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2481. [PMID: 37887325 PMCID: PMC10605494 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most deadly cancer worldwide. Considerable efforts have been made to find targetable drivers in order to improve patient outcomes. MET is one of the most important factors involved in GC initiation and progression as it plays a major role in GC invasiveness and is related to cancer stemness. Unfortunately, treatment strategies targeting MET are still limited, with a proportion of patients responding to therapy but later developing resistance. Here, we showed that MET is a molecular partner of the SMYD3 methyltransferase in GC cells. Moreover, we found that SMYD3 pharmacological inhibition affects the HGF/MET downstream signaling pathway. Extensive cellular analyses in GC models indicated that EM127, a novel active site-selective covalent SMYD3 inhibitor, can be used as part of a synergistic approach with MET inhibitors in order to enhance the targeting of the HGF/MET pathway. Importantly, our data were confirmed in a 3D GC cell culture system, which was used as a surrogate to evaluate stemness characteristics. Our findings identify SMYD3 as a promising therapeutic target to impair the HGF/MET pathway for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Nicola
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Vittoria Disciglio
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Pantaleo
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Alberto Del Rio
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (A.D.R.)
- Innovamol Consulting Srl, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Teh JH, Amgheib A, Fu R, Barnes C, Abrahams J, Ashek A, Wang N, Yang Z, Mansoorudeen M, Long NJ, Aboagye EO. Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-EMP-105 for Molecular Imaging of C-Met. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1915. [PMID: 37514101 PMCID: PMC10383791 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
C-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in a range of different cancer types, and has been identified as a potential biomarker for cancer imaging and therapy. Previously, a 68Ga-labelled peptide, [68Ga]Ga-EMP-100, has shown promise for imaging c-Met in renal cell carcinoma in humans. Herein, we report the synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of an [18F]AlF-labelled analogue, [18F]AlF-EMP-105, for c-Met imaging by positron emission tomography. EMP-105 was radiolabelled using the aluminium-[18F]fluoride method with 46 ± 2% RCY and >95% RCP in 35-40 min. In vitro evaluation showed that [18F]AlF-EMP-105 has a high specificity for c-Met-expressing cells. Radioactive metabolite analysis at 5 and 30 min post-injection revealed that [18F]AlF-EMP-105 has good blood stability, but undergoes transformation-transchelation, defluorination or demetallation-in the liver and kidneys. PET imaging in non-tumour-bearing mice showed high radioactive accumulation in the kidneys, bladder and urine, demonstrating that the tracer is cleared predominantly as [18F]fluoride by the renal system. With its high specificity for c-Met expressing cells, [18F]AlF-EMP-105 shows promise as a potential diagnostic tool for imaging cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hui Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ala Amgheib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ruisi Fu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris Barnes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joel Abrahams
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ali Ashek
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Muneera Mansoorudeen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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7
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Tumor-associated neutrophils and neutrophil-targeted cancer therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188762. [PMID: 35853517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the frontline cells in response to microbial infections and are involved in a range of inflammatory disorders in the body. In recent years, neutrophils have gained considerable attention in their involvement of complex roles in tumor development and progression. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) that accumulate in local region could be triggered by external stimuli from tumor microenvironment (TME) and switch between anti- and pro-tumor phenotypes. The anti-tumor neutrophils kill tumor cells through direct cytotoxic effects as well as indirect effects by activating adaptive immune responses. In contrast, the pro-tumor phenotype of neutrophils might be associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression in TME. More recently, neutrophils have been proposed as a potential target in cancer therapy for their ability to diminish the pro-tumor pathways, such as by immune checkpoint blockade. This review discusses the complex roles of neutrophils in TME and highlights the strategies in neutrophil targeting in cancer treatment with a particular focus on the progresses of ongoing clinical trials involving neutrophil-targeted therapies.
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8
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Ghosh S, Cho SJ. Structure–activity
relationship and
in silico
development of
c‐Met
kinase inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine College of Medicine, Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
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9
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Kasai S, Kuwayama N, Motoo Y, Kawashima A, Matsumoto K, Yano S, Matsushima K, Yasumoto K. Dual blockade of MET and VEGFR2 signaling pathways as a potential therapeutic maneuver for peritoneal carcinomatosis in scirrhous gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Floresta G, Abbate V. Recent progress in the imaging of c-Met aberrant cancers with positron emission tomography. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1588-1606. [PMID: 35292998 PMCID: PMC9314990 DOI: 10.1002/med.21885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine-protein kinase Met-also known as c-Met or HGFR-is a membrane receptor protein with associated tyrosine kinase activity physiologically stimulated by its natural ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and is involved in different ways in cancer progression and tumourigenesis. Targeting c-Met with pharmaceuticals has been preclinically proved to have significant benefits for cancer treatment. Recently, evaluating the protein status during and before c-Met targeted therapy has been shown of relevant importance by different studies, demonstrating that there is a correlation between the status (e.g., aberrant activation and overexpression) of the HGFR with therapy response and clinical prognosis. Currently, clinical imaging based on positron emission tomography (PET) appears as one of the most promising tools for the in vivo real-time scanning of irregular alterations of the tyrosine-protein kinase Met and for the diagnosis of c-Met related cancers. In this study, we review the recent progress in the imaging of c-Met aberrant cancers with PET. Particular attention is directed on the development of PET probes with a range of different sizes (HGF, antibodies, anticalines, peptides, and small molecules), and radiolabeled with different radionuclides. The goal of this review is to report all the preclinical imaging studies based on PET imaging reported until now for in vivo diagnosis of c-Met in oncology to support the design of novel and more effective PET probes for in vivo evaluation of c-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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11
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Xu L, Chen X, Jiang H, Xu J, Wang L, Sun Y. NDUFC1 Is Upregulated in Gastric Cancer and Regulates Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Cycle and Migration. Front Oncol 2021; 11:709044. [PMID: 34966665 PMCID: PMC8710466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.709044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common primary tumors of the digestive system. NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C1 (NDUFC1), which is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), is responsible for the transportation of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain essential for the oxidative phosphorylation. However, little is known about the roles of NDUFC1 in carcinogenesis. In this study, NDUFC1 protein level in NSCLC tissues was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. NDUFC1 mRNA level in gastric cancer cell lines was determined by qRT-PCR. MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells were transfected with shNDUFC1 lentivirus designed to silence NDUFC1. MTT assay, CCK8 assay, wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were conducted. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. In vivo experiments were performed using nude mice. The results indicated that overexpressed NDUFC1 in gastric cancer was related to more serious tumor infiltrates, a higher risk of lymphatic metastasis, a higher proportion of positive lymph nodes, and a more advanced tumor stage. Compared with shCtrl groups, MGC-803 and SGC-7901 of shNDUFC1 groups had lower abilities of proliferation and migration, higher levels of apoptosis. NDUFC1 knockdown also inhibited SGC-7901 cell growth in vivo and suppressed Ki67 expression in xenograft tumors. More importantly, we found that NDUFC1 downregulation made the levels of P-Akt, P-mTOR, CCND1, CDK6, PIK3CA, Bcl-2, Survivin, and XIAP decreased, and that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway agonist SC79 rescued the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration, reversed the promoted effects on cell apoptosis caused by NDUFC1 knockdown. More importantly, compared with NDUFC1 knockdown group, the expression of P-Akt, Bcl-2, Survivin, and XIAP was raised in shNDUFC1 + SC79 group. Thus, our suspicion was that NDUFC1 exacerbates NSCLC progression via PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, our study indicated that targeting NDUFC1 could open innovative perspectives for new multi-targeting approaches in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Surgery of Breast Nail, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Yuemin Sun
- Department of Pancreatic & Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Yang X, Liao HY, Zhang HH. Roles of MET in human cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 525:69-83. [PMID: 34951962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The MET proto-oncogene was first identified in osteosarcoma cells exposed to carcinogens. Although expressed in many normal cells, MET is overexpressed in many human cancers. MET is involved in the initiation and development of various human cancers and mediates proliferation, migration and invasion. Accordingly, MET has been successfully used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, survival, post-operative recurrence, risk assessment and pathologic grading, as well as a therapeutic target. In addition, recent work indicates that inhibition of MET expression and function has potential clinical benefit. This review summarizes the role, mechanism, and clinical significance of MET in the formation and development of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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13
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Proteomic Signatures of Diffuse and Intestinal Subtypes of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235930. [PMID: 34885041 PMCID: PMC8656738 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of death from cancer globally. Gastric cancer is classified into intestinal, diffuse and indeterminate subtypes based on histology according to the Laurén classification. The intestinal and diffuse subtypes, although different in histology, demographics and outcomes, are still treated in the same fashion. This study was designed to discover proteomic signatures of diffuse and intestinal subtypes. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based multiplexed analysis was used to identify proteins in tumor tissues from patients with diffuse or intestinal gastric cancer with adjacent normal tissue control. A total of 7448 or 4846 proteins were identified from intestinal or diffuse subtype, respectively. This quantitative mass spectrometric analysis defined a proteomic signature of differential expression across the two subtypes, which included gremlin1 (GREM1), bcl-2-associated athanogene 2 (BAG2), olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) and melanoma-associated antigen 9 (MAGE-A9) proteins. Although GREM1, BAG2, OLFM4, TRIP6 and MAGE-A9 have all been previously implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, they have not been linked to intestinal or diffuse subtypes of gastric cancer. Using immunohistochemical labelling of a tissue microarray comprising of 124 cases of gastric cancer, we validated the proteomic signature obtained by mass spectrometry in the discovery cohort. Our findings should help investigate the pathogenesis of these gastric cancer subtypes and potentially lead to strategies for early diagnosis and treatment.
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14
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Targeting HGF/c-Met Axis Decreases Circulating Regulatory T Cells Accumulation in Gastric Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215562. [PMID: 34771724 PMCID: PMC8583551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Restoring an effective immune response is the key goal of immunotherapy. One of the major mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression is regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulation. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo analysis, we assessed the impact of the HGF/c-Met pathway, involved notably in tumor angiogenesis, on Treg accumulation in patients with gastric cancer. First, we reported that c-Met is expressed on circulating monocytes of gastric cancer patients and this expression seems to be associated with the worst outcome. Secondly, during in vitro cultures, c-Met+ monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties able to induce the proliferation of Treg. Finally, rilotumumab, an anti-HGF antibody, decreases the percentage of circulating Treg in gastric cancer patients. Using HGF/c-Met inhibitors to partially reverse immunosuppression could lead to the development of new treatment associations, for example with immune checkpoint blockers. Abstract Elucidating mechanisms involved in tumor-induced immunosuppression is of great interest since it could help to improve cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Here we show that Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), a pro-tumoral and proangiogenic factor, and its receptor c-Met are involved in regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulation in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer (GC) patients. We observed that c-Met is expressed on circulating monocytes from GC patients. The elevated expression on monocytes is associated with clinical parameters linked to an aggressive disease phenotype and correlates with a worse prognosis. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from GC patients differentiated in the presence of HGF adopt a regulatory phenotype with a lower expression of co-stimulatory molecules, impaired maturation capacities, and an increased ability to produce interleukin-10 and to induce Treg differentiation in vitro. In the MEGA-ACCORD20-PRODIGE17 trial, GC patients received an anti-HGF antibody treatment (rilotumumab), which had been described to have an anti-angiogenic activity by decreasing proliferation of endothelial cells and tube formation. Rilotumumab decreased circulating Treg in GC patients. Thus, we identified that HGF indirectly triggers Treg accumulation via c-Met-expressing monocytes in the peripheral blood of GC patients. Our study provides arguments for potential alternative use of HGF/c-Met targeted therapies based on their immunomodulatory properties which could lead to the development of new therapeutic associations in cancer patients, for example with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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15
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Liu J, Tian Z, Liu T, Wen D, Ma Z, Liu Y, Zhu J. CHSY1 is upregulated and acts as tumor promotor in gastric cancer through regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1861-1874. [PMID: 34412565 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1963553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors, with rapid progression and poor prognosis. The role of chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1) in the development and progression of gastric cancer was explored and clarified in this study. The immunohistochemistry analysis of clinical tissue samples as well as data mining of public database showed that CHSY1 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer and associated with more advanced tumor stage and poorer prognosis. In vitro loss-of-function experiments demonstrated the inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, as well as the promoted cell apoptosis by CHSY1 knockdown. Moreover, recovery of CHSY1 expression could attenuate the regulatory effects induced by CHSY1 knockdown. Correspondingly, gastric cancer cells with CHSY1 knockdown showed reduced tumorigenicity and slower tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, this study identified CHSY1 as a tumor promotor in gastric cancer, which may be utilized as a novel indicator of patients' prognosis and therapeutic target for developing more effective drug for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenwei Tian
- Intensive Care Unit, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tianzhou Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dacheng Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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16
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Bednarz-Misa I, Fleszar MG, Fortuna P, Lewandowski Ł, Mierzchała-Pasierb M, Diakowska D, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Altered L-Arginine Metabolic Pathways in Gastric Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081086. [PMID: 34439753 PMCID: PMC8395015 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for molecular targets and biomarkers in gastric cancer (GC). We aimed at identifying aberrations in L-arginine metabolism with therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Systemic metabolites were quantified using mass spectrometry in 293 individuals and enzymes’ gene expression was quantified in 29 paired tumor-normal samples using qPCR and referred to cancer pathology and molecular landscape. Patients with cancer or benign disorders had reduced systemic arginine, citrulline, and ornithine and elevated symmetric dimethylarginine and dimethylamine. Citrulline and ornithine depletion was accentuated in metastasizing cancers. Metabolite diagnostic panel had 91% accuracy in detecting cancer and 70% accuracy in differentiating cancer from benign disorders. Gastric tumors had upregulated NOS2 and downregulated ASL, PRMT2, ORNT1, and DDAH1 expression. NOS2 upregulation was less and ASL downregulation was more pronounced in metastatic cancers. Tumor ASL and PRMT2 expression was inversely related to local advancement. Enzyme up- or downregulation was greater or significant solely in cardia subtype. Metabolic reprogramming in GC includes aberrant L-arginine metabolism, reflecting GC subtype and pathology, and is manifested by altered interplay of its intermediates and enzymes. Exploiting L-arginine metabolic pathways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is warranted. Functional studies on ASL, PRMT2, and ORNT1 in GC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (M.G.F.); (P.F.); (Ł.L.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Mariusz G. Fleszar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (M.G.F.); (P.F.); (Ł.L.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Paulina Fortuna
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (M.G.F.); (P.F.); (Ł.L.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Łukasz Lewandowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (M.G.F.); (P.F.); (Ł.L.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Mierzchała-Pasierb
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (M.G.F.); (P.F.); (Ł.L.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (M.G.F.); (P.F.); (Ł.L.); (M.M.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Brinkmann U, Auslaender S. Gastric Cancer: Identification of microRNAs Inhibiting Druggable Targets and Mediating Efficacy in Preclinical In Vivo Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:497-514. [PMID: 34183383 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapies have been approved for treatment of locally advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. The therapeutic benefit is significant but more durable responses and improvement of survival should be achieved. Therefore, the identification of new targets and new approaches for clinical treatment are of paramount importance. In this review, we searched the literature for down-regulated microRNAs which interfere with druggable targets and exhibit efficacy in preclinical in vivo efficacy models. As druggable targets, we selected transmembrane receptors, secreted factors and enzymes. We identified 38 microRNAs corresponding to the criteria as outlined. A total of 13 miRs target transmembrane receptors, nine inhibit secreted proteins and 16 attenuate enzymes. These microRNAs are targets for reconstitution therapy of gastric cancer. Further target validation experiments are mandatory for all of the identified microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRed), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Simon Auslaender
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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18
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Grojean M, Schwarz MA, Schwarz JR, Hassan S, von Holzen U, Zhang C, Schwarz RE, Awasthi N. Targeted dual inhibition of c-Met/VEGFR2 signalling by foretinib improves antitumour effects of nanoparticle paclitaxel in gastric cancer models. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4950-4961. [PMID: 33939252 PMCID: PMC8178268 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of multiple growth factors and receptors including c‐Met and VEGFR has been reported in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and thus provides a potentially useful therapeutic target. The therapeutic efficacy of foretinib, a c‐Met/VEGFR2 inhibitor, was determined in combination with nanoparticle paclitaxel (NPT) in GAC. Animal studies were conducted in NOD/SCID mice in subcutaneous and peritoneal dissemination xenografts. The mechanism of action was assessed by Immunohistochemical and Immunoblot analyses. In c‐Met overexpressing MKN‐45 cell‐derived xenografts, NPT and foretinib demonstrated inhibition in tumour growth, while NPT plus foretinib showed additive effects. In c‐Met low‐expressing SNU‐1 or patient‐derived xenografts, the foretinib effect was smaller, while NPT had a similar effect compared with MKN‐45, as NPT plus foretinib still exhibited an additive response. Median mice survival was markedly improved by NPT (83%), foretinib (100%) and NPT plus foretinib (230%) in peritoneal dissemination xenografts. Subcutaneous tumour analyses exhibited that foretinib increased cancer cell death and decreased cancer cell proliferation and tumour vasculature. NPT and foretinib suppressed the proliferation of GAC cells in vitro and had additive effects in combination. Further, foretinib caused a dramatic decrease in phosphorylated forms of c‐Met, ERK, AKT and p38. Foretinib led to a decrease in Bcl‐2, and an increase in p27, Bax, Bim, cleaved PARP‐1 and cleaved caspase‐3. Thus, these findings highlight the antitumour impact of simultaneous suppression of c‐Met and VEGFR2 signalling in GAC and its potential to enhance nanoparticle paclitaxel response. This therapeutic approach might lead to a clinically beneficial combination to increase GAC patients’ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Grojean
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Margaret A Schwarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Johann R Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Sazzad Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Urs von Holzen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.,Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, USA.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Roderich E Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
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19
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Rihawi K, Ricci AD, Rizzo A, Brocchi S, Marasco G, Pastore LV, Llimpe FLR, Golfieri R, Renzulli M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inflammatory Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer: Novel Translational Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083805. [PMID: 33916915 PMCID: PMC8067563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, with a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease despite many improvements in systemic treatments in the last decade. In fact, GC has shown resistance to several treatment options, and thus, notable efforts have been focused on the research and identification of novel therapeutic targets in this setting. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in several malignancies including GC, due to its pivotal role in cancer progression and drug resistance. Therefore, several agents and therapeutic strategies targeting the TME are currently under assessment in both preclinical and clinical studies. The present study provides an overview of available evidence of the inflammatory TME in GC, highlighting different types of tumor-associated cells and implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Rihawi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (K.R.); (A.D.R.); (A.R.); (F.L.R.L.)
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (K.R.); (A.D.R.); (A.R.); (F.L.R.L.)
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (K.R.); (A.D.R.); (A.R.); (F.L.R.L.)
| | - Stefano Brocchi
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (L.V.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luigi Vincenzo Pastore
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (L.V.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Fabiola Lorena Rojas Llimpe
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (K.R.); (A.D.R.); (A.R.); (F.L.R.L.)
| | - Rita Golfieri
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (L.V.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Matteo Renzulli
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (L.V.P.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512142958; Fax: +39-0512142805
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20
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Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33655327 PMCID: PMC7834960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC‑related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Amoolya Wunnava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Zeng W, Xing ZT, Tan MY, Wu YW, Zhang CY. Lidocaine suppresses the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells via the c-Met/c-Src pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:424. [PMID: 33747163 PMCID: PMC7967831 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role and mechanism of action behind the action of lidocaine in gastric cancer cells. Lidocaine was tested for its potential role in affecting the viability of cells using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. It was found that there was a decreased MKN45 cell viability upon lidocaine treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphorylated c-Met, phosphorylated c-Src, c-Met and c-Src levels were detected using western blotting following lidocaine or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) intervention. It was found that the phosphorylation levels of c-Met and c-Src were markedly reduced by lidocaine treatment, with this effect being further relieved by the addition of HGF. Subsequently, whether lidocaine repressed the malignant biological properties of gastric cancer cells through the c-Met/c-Src axis was further investigated through the detection of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (N-caderin and vimentin), wound healing and transwell assay analysis. In addition, cell apoptosis and the levels of apoptosis-related proteins were determined using TUNEL and western blot assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that the malignant behavior of cells were notably repressed upon lidocaine treatment, but the addition of HGF markedly reversed these effects, indicating that the effects of lidocaine on supressing the malignant behaviour of cells could be mediated through the c-Met/c-Src axis. Subsequently, whether lidocaine affected the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin or 5-FU was analyzed using a CCK-8 assay. Enhanced sensitivity of cells to cisplatin or 5-FU was observed when treated in combination with lidocaine. The present study concluded that the involvement of the c-Met/c-Src pathway in the biological behaviour of MKN45 cells was mediated by lidocaine. Therefore, lidocaine may have the potential to suppress the malignant behaviour and proliferation of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Ze Ting Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yun Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Chun Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
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22
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El Darsa H, El Sayed R, Abdel-Rahman O. MET Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer: What's Their Potential? J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:349-361. [PMID: 33116950 PMCID: PMC7547764 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s242958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a disease with a dismal prognosis. Extensive efforts to find targetable disease drivers in gastric cancer were implemented to improve patient outcomes. Beyond anti-HER2 therapy, MET pathway seems to be culprit of cancer invasiveness with MET-overexpressing tumors having poorer prognosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the HGF/MET pathway were studied in MET-positive gastric cancer, but no substantial benefit was proven. Some patients responded in early phase trials but later developed resistance. Others failed to show any benefit at all. Etiologies of resistance may entail inappropriate patient selection with a lack of MET detection standardization, tumor alternative pathways, variable MET amplification, and genetic variation. Optimizing MET detection techniques and better understanding the MET pathway, as well as tumor bypass mechanisms, are an absolute need to devise means to overcome resistance using targeted therapy alone, or in combination with other synergistic agents to improve outcomes of patients with MET-positive GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar El Darsa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rola El Sayed
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Chaudhary SP, Kwak EL, Hwang KL, Lennerz JK, Corcoran RB, Heist RS, Russo AL, Parikh A, Borger DR, Blaszkowsky LS, Faris JE, Murphy JE, Azzoli CG, Roeland EJ, Goyal L, Allen J, Mullen JT, Ryan DP, Iafrate AJ, Klempner SJ, Clark JW, Hong TS. Revisiting MET: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic, MET-Amplified Esophagogastric Cancers. Oncologist 2020; 25:e1691-e1700. [PMID: 32820577 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic esophagogastric cancers (EGCs) have a poor prognosis with an approximately 5% 5-year survival. Additional treatment approaches are needed. c-MET gene-amplified tumors are an uncommon but potentially targetable subset of EGC. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated in patients with MET-amplified EGC and compared with those without MET amplification to facilitate identification of these patients and possible treatment approaches. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with locally advanced or metastatic MET-amplified EGC at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) were identified using fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, with a gene-to-control ratio of ≥2.2 defined as positive. Non-MET-amplified patients identified during the same time period who had undergone tumor genotyping and treatment at MGH were evaluated as a comparison group. RESULTS We identified 233 patients evaluated for MET amplification from 2002 to 2019. MET amplification was seen in 28 (12%) patients versus 205 (88%) patients without amplification. Most MET-amplified tumors occurred in either the distal esophagus (n = 9; 32%) or gastroesophageal junction (n = 10; 36%). Of MET-amplified patients, 16 (57%) had a TP53 mutation, 5(18%) had HER2 co-amplification, 2 (7.0%) had EGFR co-amplification, and 1 (3.5%) had FGFR2 co-amplification. MET-amplified tumors more frequently had poorly differentiated histology (19/28, 68.0% vs. 66/205, 32%; p = .02). Progression-free survival to initial treatment was substantially shorter for all MET-amplified patients (5.6 vs. 8.8 months, p = .026) and for those with metastatic disease at presentation (4.0 vs. 7.6 months, p = .01). Overall, patients with MET amplification had shorter overall survival (19.3 vs. 24.6 months, p = .049). No difference in survival was seen between low MET-amplified tumors (≥2.2 and <25 MET copy number) compared with highly amplified tumors (≥25 MET copy number). CONCLUSION MET-amplified EGC represents a distinct clinical entity characterized by rapid progression and short survival. Ideally, the identification of these patients will provide opportunities to participate in clinical trials in an attempt to improve outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This article describes 233 patients who received MET amplification testing and reports (a) a positivity rate of 12%, similar to the rate of HER2 positivity in this data set; (b) the clinical characteristics of poorly differentiated tumors and nodal metastases; and (c) markedly shorter progression-free survival and overall survival in MET-amplified tumors. Favorable outcomes are reported for patients treated with MET inhibitors. Given the lack of published data in MET-amplified esophagogastric cancers and the urgent clinical importance of identifying patients with MET amplification for MET-directed therapy, this large series is a valuable addition to the literature and will have an impact on future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Pal Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunice L Kwak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie L Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea L Russo
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aparna Parikh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darrell R Borger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence S Blaszkowsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason E Faris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Janet E Murphy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher G Azzoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric J Roeland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jill Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John T Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Yuan X, Sun Z, Yuan Q, Hou W, Liang Q, Wang Y, Mo W, Wang H, Yu M. Dual-function chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting c-Met and PD-1 exhibit potent anti-tumor efficacy in solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:34-51. [PMID: 32772342 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which is upregulated under the continuous induction of the tumor microenvironment, causes chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell hypofunction via interaction with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). This study aimed to construct CAR-T cells that are resistant to PD-1 inhibition to improve the effect of CAR-T cells in solid tumors. Methods We constructed a type of dual-function CAR-T cell that targets tumor-associated antigen c-Met and blocks the binding of PD-1 with PD-L1. The expression of c-Met, PD-L1, and inhibitory receptors was measured using flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity, cytokine release, and differentiation level of CAR-T cells were determined using lactate dehydrogenase release assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The levels of p-Akt, p-MAPK, caspase-3, and Bcl2 were detected by western blot. The in vivo anti-tumor effect was evaluated using tumor xenograft models. Results Dual-function CAR-T cells could mediate enhanced active signals upon encountering target antigens and had targeted cytotoxicity to target cells. However, the cytotoxicity of c-Met-CAR-PD-1+ T cells was impaired due to the interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1. By blocking the binding of PD-1 and PD-L1, the novel dual-function CAR-PD-1+ T cells could maintain cytotoxicity to PD-L1+ tumor cells. In tumor tissue, the dual-function CAR-T cells showed lower inhibitory receptor expression and lower differentiation characteristics, which resulted in potent anti-tumor effects and prolonged survival in PD-L1+ tumor xenograft models compared to single-target CAR-T cells. Conclusion These results confirm that the novel dual-function CAR-T cells exhibit stronger anti-tumor activity against solid tumors than traditional single-target CAR-T cells and present a new approach that enhance the activity of CAR-T cells in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zujun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qingyun Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, P.O. Box #238, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Zhang Q, Zheng P, Zhu W. Research Progress of Small Molecule VEGFR/c-Met Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents (2016-Present). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112666. [PMID: 32521825 PMCID: PMC7321177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-C and VEGFR-D and participates in the formation of tumor blood vessels, mediates the proliferation of endothelial cells, enhances microvascular permeability, and blocks apoptosis. Blocking or downregulating the signal transduction of VEGFR is the main way to discover new drugs for many human angiogenesis-dependent malignancies. Mesenchymal epithelial transfer factor tyrosine kinase (c-Met) is a high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Abnormal c-Met signaling plays an important role in the formation, invasion and metastasis of human tumors. Therefore, the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway has become a significant target for cancer treatment. Related studies have shown that the conduction of the VEGFR and c-Met signaling pathways has a synergistic effect in inducing angiogenesis and inhibiting tumor growth. In recent years, multi-target small molecule inhibitors have become a research hotspot, among which the research of VEGFR and c-Met dual-target small molecule inhibitors has become more and more extensive. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the chemical structures and biological characteristics of novel VEGFR/c-Met dual-target small-molecule inhibitors in the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wufu Zhu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8380-2393
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26
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Xie YH, Chen YX, Fang JY. Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:22. [PMID: 32296018 PMCID: PMC7082344 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and chemotherapy have long been the first choices for cancer patients. However, the prognosis of CRC has never been satisfying, especially for patients with metastatic lesions. Targeted therapy is a new optional approach that has successfully prolonged overall survival for CRC patients. Following successes with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agent cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis agent bevacizumab, new agents blocking different critical pathways as well as immune checkpoints are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Guidelines worldwide are currently updating the recommended targeted drugs on the basis of the increasing number of high-quality clinical trials. This review provides an overview of existing CRC-targeted agents and their underlying mechanisms, as well as a discussion of their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Anti-tumor activity of neratinib, a pan-HER inhibitor, in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Ebert K, Mattes J, Kunzke T, Zwingenberger G, Luber B. MET as resistance factor for afatinib therapy and motility driver in gastric cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223225. [PMID: 31557260 PMCID: PMC6763200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic options for advanced gastric cancer are still limited. Several drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family have been developed. So far, the HER2 antibody trastuzumab is the only drug targeting the HER-family that is available to gastric cancer patients. The pan-HER inhibitor afatinib is currently investigated in clinical trials and shows promising results in cell culture experiments and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. However, some cell lines do not respond to afatinib treatment. The determination of resistance factors in these cell lines can help to find the best treatment option for gastric cancer patients. In this study, we analyzed the role of MET as a resistance factor for afatinib therapy in a gastric cancer cell line. MET expression in afatinib-resistant MET-amplified Hs746T cells was reduced by means of siRNA transfection. The effects of MET knockdown on signal transduction, cell proliferation and motility were examined. In addition to the manual assessment of cell motility, a computational motility analysis involving parameters such as (approximate) average speed, displacement entropy or radial effectiveness was realized. Moreover, the impact of afatinib was compared between MET knockdown cells and control cells. MET knockdown in Hs746T cells resulted in impaired signal transduction and reduced cell proliferation and motility. Moreover, the afatinib resistance of Hs746T cells was reversed after MET knockdown. Therefore, the amplification of MET is confirmed as a resistance factor in gastric cancer cells. Whether MET is a useful resistance marker for afatinib therapy or other HER-targeting drugs in patients should be investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Ebert
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Trogerstr, München, Germany
| | - Julian Mattes
- MATTES Medical Imaging GmbH, Softwarepark, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Trogerstr, München, Germany
| | - Gwen Zwingenberger
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Trogerstr, München, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Trogerstr, München, Germany
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