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Cruz Neto JPR, de Luna Freire MO, de Albuquerque Lemos DE, Ribeiro Alves RMF, de Farias Cardoso EF, de Moura Balarini C, Duman H, Karav S, de Souza EL, de Brito Alves JL. Targeting Gut Microbiota with Probiotics and Phenolic Compounds in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2024; 13:2886. [PMID: 39335815 PMCID: PMC11431284 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Dysregulated lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation are the major mechanisms implicated in the development of AS. In addition, evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis plays an important role in atherogenesis, and modulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics and phenolic compounds has emerged as a promising strategy for preventing and treating AS. It has been shown that probiotics and phenolic compounds can improve atherosclerosis-related parameters by improving lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, these compounds may modulate the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota and improve atherosclerosis. The studies evaluated in the present review showed that probiotics and phenolic compounds, when consumed individually, improved atherosclerosis by modulating the gut microbiota in various ways, such as decreasing gut permeability, decreasing TMAO and LPS levels, altering alpha and beta diversity, and increasing fecal bile acid loss. However, no study was found that evaluated the combined use of probiotics and phenolic compounds to improve atherosclerosis. The available literature highlights the synergistic potential between phenolic compounds and probiotics to improve their health-promoting properties and functionalities. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the individual effects of probiotics and phenolic compounds on AS, while providing insights into the potential benefits of nutraceutical approaches using probiotic strains, quercetin, and resveratrol as potential adjuvant therapies for AS treatment through modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Deborah Emanuelle de Albuquerque Lemos
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Rayanne Maira Felix Ribeiro Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58037-760, PB, Brazil; (R.M.F.R.A.); (E.F.d.F.C.); (C.d.M.B.)
| | - Emmily Ferreira de Farias Cardoso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58037-760, PB, Brazil; (R.M.F.R.A.); (E.F.d.F.C.); (C.d.M.B.)
| | - Camille de Moura Balarini
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58037-760, PB, Brazil; (R.M.F.R.A.); (E.F.d.F.C.); (C.d.M.B.)
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (H.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (H.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
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Jia Y, Zhao Y, Niu M, Zhao C, Li X, Chen H. Preliminary study of metabonomic changes during the progression of atherosclerosis in miniature pigs. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:419-432. [PMID: 38923366 PMCID: PMC11369038 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis (AS) and provide basic data for further research on AS, the characteristics of serum metabolomics during the progression of AS in mini-pigs were observed dynamically. METHODS An AS model in Bama miniature pigs was established by a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. Fasting serum samples were collected monthly for metabolomics and serum lipid detection. At the end of the treatment period, pathological analysis of the abdominal aorta and coronary artery was performed to evaluate the lesions of AS, thereby distinguishing the susceptibility of mini-pigs to AS. The metabolomics was detected using a high-resolution untargeted metabolomic approach. Statistical analysis was used to identify metabolites associated with AS susceptibility. RESULTS Based on pathological analysis, mini-pigs were divided into two groups: a susceptible group (n = 3) and a non-susceptible group (n = 6). A total of 1318 metabolites were identified, with significant shifting of metabolic profiles over time in both groups. Dynamic monitoring analysis highlighted 57 metabolites that exhibited an obvious trend of differential changes between two groups with the advance of time. The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis indicated significant disorders in cholesterol metabolism, primary bile acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS During the progression of AS in mini-pigs induced by high-cholesterol/high-fat diet, the alterations in serum metabolic profile exhibited a time-dependent pattern, accompanied by notable disturbances in lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These metabolites may become potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Jia
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Changqi Zhao
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhuang Li
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hua Chen
- Laboratory Animal CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Ji M, Weng S, Li X, Xiao Q, Tong Y, Zhou Y, Luo T, Liu Z. Revitalizing premature ovarian failure: quercetin counteracts imatinib-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway based on network pharmacology. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03293-3. [PMID: 39073414 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As a commonly used first-line targeted drug, imatinib (Ima) is widely used first-line treatment for cancer patients. Patient survival is significantly prolonged, but Ima can cause premature ovarian failure (POF) and affect fertility. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown, and no effective method can be employed to improve this process. To investigate the effect of quercetin (Que) on Ima-induced POF and the underlying mechanism. The therapeutic impact of Que on Ima-induced POF in mice was clarified via molecular biology experiments and in vivo experiments in animals. To verify the underlying mechanism, network pharmacology was employed to construct a signaling network of Que-Ima-POF-related genes, followed by molecular biology and docking analysis. Network pharmacology analysis identified 38 therapeutic targets of Que in Ima-induced POF. The KEGG pathways of these genes were enriched for the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a shared target of Que, Ima, and POF and has strong binding affinity. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and ELISA confirmed that Que can partially restore the ovarian index and function of mice with Ima-induced POF. Western blot, TUNEL, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that Que promoted the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and reduced apoptosis in Ima-induced POF mice. Thus, Que could inhibit apoptosis in Ima-induced POF by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shiqi Weng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tao Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University; Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Ai J, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Chen W, Cui S. Gut microbiota: a superior operator for dietary phytochemicals to improve atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38940319 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a possible key susceptibility factor for atherosclerosis (AS). The employment of dietary phytochemicals that strive to target the gut microbiota has gained scientific support for treating AS. This study conducted a general overview of the links between the gut microbiota and AS, and summarized available evidence that dietary phytochemicals improve AS via manipulating gut microbiota. Then, the microbial metabolism of several dietary phytochemicals was summarized, along with a discussion on the metabolites formed and the biotransformation pathways involving key gut bacteria and enzymes. This study additionally focused on the anti-atherosclerotic potential of representative metabolites from dietary phytochemicals, and investigated their underlying molecular mechanisms. In summary, microbiota-dependent dietary phytochemical therapy is a promising strategy for AS management, and knowledge of "phytochemical-microbiota-biotransformation" may be a breakthrough in the search for novel anti-atherogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Li T, Zhu J, Yu Q, Zhu Y, Wu C, Zheng X, Chen N, Pei P, Yang K, Wang K, Hu L. Dietary Flavonoid Quercetin Supplement Promotes Antiviral Innate Responses Against Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection by Reshaping the Bacteriome and Host Metabolome in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300898. [PMID: 38752791 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Active ingredients in functional foods exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity. The objective of this study is to investigate the protective effect of quercetin derived from bee propolis, a natural product with antiviral activity and modulating effects on the gut microbiota, against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. METHODS AND RESULTS Through a cellular-based study, this study demonstrates that quercetin can modulate the activity of interferon-regulating factor 3 (IRF3). In vivo, it shows that quercetin protects mice from VSV infection by enhancing interferon production and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The study conducts 16S rRNA-based gut microbiota and nontargets metabolomics analyses to elucidate the mechanisms underlying quercetin-mediated bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and host metabolome during viral infection. Quercetin not only ameliorates VSV-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora but also alters serum metabolites related to lipid metabolism. Cross-correlations between the gut bacteriome and the serum metabolome indicate that quercetin can modulate phosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) and 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil to prevent VSV infection. CONCLUSION This study systematically elucidates the anti-VSV mechanism of quercetin through gut bacteriome and host metabolome assays, offering new insights into VSV treatment and revealing the mechanisms behind a novel disease management strategy using dietary flavonoid supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - Qifeng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Yinrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Zhou M, Ma J, Kang M, Tang W, Xia S, Yin J, Yin Y. Flavonoids, gut microbiota, and host lipid metabolism. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300065. [PMID: 38708419 PMCID: PMC11065335 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature and have a variety of beneficial biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. All of these are related to gut microbiota, and flavonoids also serve as a bridge between the host and gut microbiota. Flavonoids are commonly used to modify the composition of the gut microbiota by promoting or inhibiting specific microbial species within the gut, as well as modifying their metabolites. In turn, the gut microbiota extensively metabolizes flavonoids. Hence, this reciprocal relationship between flavonoids and the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and functionality of the metabolism system. In this review, we mainly highlighted the biological effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, and discussed the interaction between flavonoids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, and elaborated the potential mechanisms on host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Kang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science AcademyLivestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Animtech Feed Co., LtdChengduSichuanChina
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
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Wang L, Li H, Zhang H, Song X, Jiang H, Wang D, Wang Y. Serum-based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of action of isorhynchophylline in the intervention of atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1083-1092. [PMID: 38284158 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01803b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with disorders of lipid metabolism. Metabolic disorders, inflammation and lipid deposition are prominent pathological features of atherosclerosis. Isorhynchophylline (IRN) has pharmacological effects such as protection of vascular endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, it is unclear whether IRN is efficacious in atherosclerosis. In the present study, we verified the pharmacological efficacy and hepatoprotective effects of IRN in intervening in AS. LC-MS-based serum untargeted metabolomics was performed to search for potential biomarkers and related pathways in IRN-treated AS in ApoE-/- mice. Fifty-eight biomarkers were metabolically disturbed in the model mice compared to controls. Thirteen biomarkers showed optimal recovery methods after IRN-40 mg ml-1 intervention. We identified three metabolic pathways involved in IRN: glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. These findings provide a research basis for the intervention of IRN in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Haichao Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Xiayinan Song
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China.
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Liao G, Liu W, Dai Y, Shi X, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on animal models of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2023; 26:108337. [PMID: 38026172 PMCID: PMC10665821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The existing treatment drugs are effective, but they have some side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have attracted wide attention due to their multiple cardioprotective effects and fewer side effects. PubMed, Web of Science database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of flavonoids against atherosclerosis. 119 studies published from August 1954 to April 2023 were included. Random-effects models were performed for synthesis. Compared with the control group, flavonoids significantly reduced longitudinal and cross-sectional plaque area. The findings indicated that flavonoids significantly reduced the concentrations of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C concentrations. Besides, flavonoids reduced the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the serum IL-10 level. This study provides evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Shi M, Wei J, Yuan H, Li Y, Guo Z. The role of the gut microbiota and bile acids in heart failure: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35795. [PMID: 37960774 PMCID: PMC10637566 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the terminal manifestation of various cardiovascular diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota are involved in the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Gut microbiota and their metabolites might play a pivotal role in the development of HF. However, previous studies have rarely described the complex role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in HF. In this review, we mainly discussed bile acids (BAs), the metabolites of gut microbiota. We explained the mechanisms by which BAs are involved in the pathogenesis of HF. We also discussed the use of gut microbiota and BAs for treating HF in Chinese medicine, highlighting the advantages of Chinese medicine in treating HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaming Wei
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan, Changsha, China
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Chen YZ, Rong WT, Qin YC, Lu LY, Liu J, Li MJ, Xin L, Li XD, Guan DL. Integrative analysis of microbiota and metabolomics in chromium-exposed silkworm ( Bombyx mori) midguts based on 16S rDNA sequencing and LC/MS metabolomics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1278271. [PMID: 37954243 PMCID: PMC10635416 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem integral to host wellbeing, is modulated by environmental triggers, including exposure to heavy metals such as chromium. This study aims to comprehensively explore chromium-induced gut microbiota and metabolomic shifts in the quintessential lepidopteran model organism, the silkworm (Bombyx mori). The research deployed 16S rDNA sequence analysis and LC/MS metabolomics in its experimental design, encompassing a control group alongside low (12 g/kg) and high (24 g/kg) feeding chromium dosing regimens. Considerable heterogeneity in microbial diversity resulted between groups. Weissella emerged as potentially resilient to chromium stress, while elevated Propionibacterium was noted in the high chromium treatment group. Differential analysis tools LEfSe and random forest estimation identified key species like like Cupriavidus and unspecified Myxococcales, offering potential avenues for bioremediation. An examination of gut functionality revealed alterations in the KEGG pathways correlated with biosynthesis and degradation, suggesting an adaptive metabolic response to chromium-mediated stress. Further results indicated consequential fallout in the context of metabolomic alterations. These included an uptick in histidine and dihydropyrimidine levels under moderate-dose exposure and a surge of gentisic acid with high-dose chromium exposure. These are critical players in diverse biological processes ranging from energy metabolism and stress response to immune regulation and antioxidative mechanisms. Correlative analyses between bacterial abundance and metabolites mapped noteworthy relationships between marker bacterial species, such as Weissella and Pelomonas, and specific metabolites, emphasizing their roles in enzyme regulation, synaptic processes, and lipid metabolism. Probiotic bacteria showed robust correlations with metabolites implicated in stress response, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant processes. Our study reaffirms the intricate ties between gut microbiota and metabolite profiles and decodes some systemic adaptations under heavy-metal stress. It provides valuable insights into ecological and toxicological aspects of chromium exposure that can potentially influence silkworm resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
| | - Wan-Tao Rong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
| | - Ying-Can Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
| | - Lin-Yuan Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
| | - Ming-Jie Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
| | - De-Long Guan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi, China
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11
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Jing J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhu C, Zhang Z. Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252907. [PMID: 37719851 PMCID: PMC10504665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The pathogenesis of AS involves specific structural and functional alterations in various populations of vascular cells at different stages of the disease. The immune response is involved throughout the entire developmental stage of AS, and targeting immune cells presents a promising avenue for its treatment. Over the past 2 decades, studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, have a significant impact on the progression of AS. Interestingly, it has also been reported that there are complex mechanisms of action between GM and their metabolites, immune responses, and natural products that can have an impact on AS. GM and its metabolites regulate the functional expression of immune cells and have potential impacts on AS. Natural products have a wide range of health properties, and researchers are increasingly focusing on their role in AS. Now, there is compelling evidence that natural products provide an alternative approach to improving immune function in the AS microenvironment by modulating the GM. Natural product metabolites such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, and quercetin may improve the intestinal microenvironment by modulating the relative abundance of GM, which in turn influences the accumulation of GM metabolites. Natural products can delay the progression of AS by regulating the metabolism of GM, inhibiting the migration of monocytes and macrophages, promoting the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages, down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of Treg/Th17, and inhibiting the formation of foam cells. Based on the above, we describe recent advances in the use of natural products that target GM and immune cells crosstalk to treat AS, which may bring some insights to guide the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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12
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Ziółkiewicz A, Kasprzak-Drozd K, Rusinek R, Markut-Miotła E, Oniszczuk A. The Influence of Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087146. [PMID: 37108307 PMCID: PMC10139042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have attracted tremendous attention due to their pro-health properties, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder underlying several CVDs. One of the main risk factors causing atherosclerosis is the type and quality of food consumed. Therefore, polyphenols represent promising agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by in vitro, animal, preclinical and clinical studies. However, most polyphenols cannot be absorbed directly by the small intestine. Gut microbiota play a crucial role in converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. An increasing understanding of the field has confirmed that specific GM taxa strains mediate the gut microbiota-atherosclerosis axis. The present study explores the anti-atherosclerotic properties and associated underlying mechanisms of polyphenols. Moreover, it provides a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ziółkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Markut-Miotła
- Department of Lung Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoniego Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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13
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Korczak M, Pilecki M, Granica S, Gorczynska A, Pawłowska KA, Piwowarski JP. Phytotherapy of mood disorders in the light of microbiota-gut-brain axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154642. [PMID: 36641978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research in natural product-based psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising herbal medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of mild mood disorders, however failed to unambiguously indicate pharmacologically active constituents. The emerging role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis opens new possibilities in the search for effective methods of treatment and prevention of mood disorders. PURPOSE Considering the clinically proven effectiveness juxtaposed with inconsistencies regarding the indication of active principles for many medicinal plants applied in the treatment of anxiety and depression, the aim of the review is to look at their therapeutic properties from the perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. METHOD A literature-based survey was performed using Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases. The current state of knowledge regarding Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Piper methysticum, Passiflora incarnata, Humulus lupulus, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula officinalis, and Rhodiola rosea in terms of their antimicrobial activity, bioavailability, clinical effectiveness in depression/anxiety and gut microbiota - natural products interaction was summarized and analyzed. RESULTS Recent studies have provided direct and indirect evidence that herbal extracts and isolated compounds are potent modulators of gut microbiota structure. Additionally, some of the formed postbiotic metabolites exert positive effects and ameliorate depression-related behaviors in animal models of mood disorders. The review underlines the gap in research on natural products - gut microbiota interaction in the context of mood disorders. CONCLUSION Modification of microbiota-gut-brain axis by natural products is a plausible explanation of their therapeutic properties. Future studies evaluating the effectiveness of herbal medicine and isolated compounds in treating mild mood disorders should consider the bidirectional interplay between phytoconstituents and the gut microbiota community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Korczak
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gorczynska
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina A Pawłowska
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Li Y, Yang S, Jin X, Li D, Lu J, Wang X, Wu M. Mitochondria as novel mediators linking gut microbiota to atherosclerosis that is ameliorated by herbal medicine: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1082817. [PMID: 36733506 PMCID: PMC9886688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is characterized by endothelial damage, lipid deposition, and chronic inflammation. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AS by regulating host metabolism and immunity. As human mitochondria evolved from primordial bacteria have homologous characteristics, they are attacked by microbial pathogens as target organelles, thus contributing to energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondria may be a key mediator of intestinal microbiota disorders and AS aggravation. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, and bile acids, also affect mitochondrial function, including mtDNA mutation, oxidative stress, and mitophagy, promoting low-grade inflammation. This further damages cellular homeostasis and the balance of innate immunity, aggravating AS. Herbal medicines and their monomers can effectively ameliorate the intestinal flora and their metabolites, improve mitochondrial function, and inhibit atherosclerotic plaques. This review focuses on the interaction between gut microbiota and mitochondria in AS and explores a therapeutic strategy for restoring mitochondrial function and intestinal microbiota disorders using herbal medicines, aiming to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Min Wu,
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15
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Zhang L, Wu Q, Wang N, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhao Y. Quercetin inhibits hepatotoxic effects by reducing trimethylamine- N-oxide formation in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high L-carnitine diet. Food Funct 2023; 14:206-214. [PMID: 36476928 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01909d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
L-Carnitine can be metabolized to trimethylamine (TMA) by gut microbiota and further converted into trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the liver, leading to liver damage. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin against high L-carnitine-induced liver toxicity in mice. 3% L-carnitine drinking water was used to feed mice in this study. The formation of TMAO in the blood circulation of the tested mice was down-regulated following quercetin treatment. Administration of quercetin could also effectively antagonize the liver injury caused by high L-carnitine intake, which was proved by the decreased serum AST and ALT activities and the reduced levels of inflammatory liver cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-β). Moreover, quercetin exhibited a rebalancing effect on dyslipidemia (TC, TG, HDL, and LDL) and antioxidant abilities (SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, and RAHFR) in L-carnitine-treated mice. The results of hepatic H&E and Oil Red O staining further verified the liver injury of high L-carnitine-treated mice and the protective effects of quercetin. These findings suggested that quercetin could attenuate the hepatotoxic effects of the mice fed with a high L-carnitine diet via inhibiting the circulating TMAO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Qiu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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16
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Salazar J, Morillo V, Suárez MK, Castro A, Ramírez P, Rojas M, Añez R, D’Marco L, Chacín-González M, Bermudez V. Role of Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis: Molecular and Therapeutic Aspects. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e020223213408. [PMID: 36733248 PMCID: PMC10494273 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230202164524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most relevant and prevalent cardiovascular diseases of our time. It is one of the pathological entities that increases the morbidity and mortality index in the adult population. Pathophysiological connections have been observed between atherosclerosis and the gut microbiome (GM), represented by a group of microorganisms that are present in the gut. These microorganisms are vital for metabolic homeostasis in humans. Recently, direct and indirect mechanisms through which GM can affect the development of atherosclerosis have been studied. This has led to research into the possible modulation of GM and metabolites as a new target in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. The goal of this review is to analyze the physiopathological mechanisms linking GM and atherosclerosis that have been described so far. We also aim to summarize the recent studies that propose GM as a potential target in atherosclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valery Morillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María K Suárez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ana Castro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Paola Ramírez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Roberto Añez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Luis D’Marco
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, 46115, Spain
| | | | - Valmore Bermudez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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17
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Liu M, Shi W, Huang Y, Wu Y, Wu K. Intestinal flora: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine to improve lipid metabolism disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134430. [PMID: 36937840 PMCID: PMC10014879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders (LMD) can cause a series of metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Its development is caused by more pathogenic factors, among which intestinal flora dysbiosis is considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of LMD. In recent years, the research on intestinal flora has made great progress, opening up new perspectives on the occurrence and therapeutic effects of diseases. With its complex composition and wide range of targets, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat LMD. This review takes intestinal flora as a target, elaborates on the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of LMD, updates the therapeutic thinking of LMD, and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yefang Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeke Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keming Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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18
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Zhou P, Zhao XN, Ma YY, Tang TJ, Wang SS, Wang L, Huang JL. Virtual screening analysis of natural flavonoids as trimethylamine (TMA)-lyase inhibitors for coronary heart disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14376. [PMID: 35945702 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is defined by atherosclerosis, which can result in stenosis or blockage of the arterial cavity, leading to ischemic cardiac diseases such as angina and myocardial infarction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the beginning and progression of CHD. The gut microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), is intimately linked to the pathophysiology of CHD. TMAO is formed when trimethylamine (TMA) is converted by flavin-containing monooxygenases in the hepatocytes. Therefore, inhibition of TMA production is essential to reduce TMAO levels. Flavonoids may reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. In this article, we reviewed and evaluated twenty-two flavonoids for the therapy of CHD based on their inhibition of TMA-lyase by molecular docking. Docking results revealed that baicalein, fisetin, acacetin, and myricetin in flavonoid aglycones, and baicalin, naringin, and hesperidin in flavonoid glycosides had a good binding effect with TMA-lyase. This indicates that these chemicals were the most active and could be used as lead compounds for structural modification in the future. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Flavonoids are a large class of polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, tea, and herbal medicines, which are inexorably metabolized and transformed into bioactive metabolites by α-rhamnosidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, and nitroreductase produced by the gut microbiota, which plays a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Because flavonoids protect the cardiovascular system and regulate the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiota is directly connected to TMAO, thus, reducing TMAO levels involves blocking the transition of TMA to TMAO, which may be performed by reducing TMA synthesis. Molecular docking results found that baicalein, fisetin, acacetin, and myricetin in flavonoid aglycones, and baicalin, naringin, and hesperidin in flavonoid glycosides had good binding effects on TMA-lyase, which were the most active and could be used as lead compounds for structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhao
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yao Ma
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Juan Tang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Shu Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ling Huang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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19
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CHENG X, ZHAO C, JIN Z, HU J, ZHANG Z, ZHANG C. Natural products: potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:830-845. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Kan J, Wu F, Wang F, Zheng J, Cheng J, Li Y, Yang Y, Du J. Phytonutrients: Sources, bioavailability, interaction with gut microbiota, and their impacts on human health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960309. [PMID: 36051901 PMCID: PMC9424995 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytonutrients are natural bioactive components present in the daily diet that can exert a positive impact on human health. Studies have shown that phytonutrients may act as antioxidants and improve metabolism after being ingested, which help to regulate physiological processes and prevent metabolic disorders and diseases. However, their efficacy is limited by their low bioavailability. The gut microbiota is symbiotic with humans and its abundance and profile are related to most diseases. Interestingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with the metabolism of phytonutrients by converting them into small molecules that can be absorbed by the body, thereby enhancing their bioavailability. Furthermore, phytonutrients can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and therefore improve the host's health. Here, we focus on uncovering the mechanisms by which phytonutrients and gut microbiota play roles in health, and the interrelationships between phytonutrients and gut microbiota were summarized. We also reviewed the studies that reported the efficacy of phytonutrients in human health and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Junrui Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Yuan Li
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
- Yuexin Yang
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Du
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21
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Vesnina A, Prosekov A, Atuchin V, Minina V, Ponasenko A. Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8233. [PMID: 35897799 PMCID: PMC9368664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are significantly influenced by lifestyle, particularly nutrition. The modern level of science and technology development promote personalized nutrition as an efficient preventive measure against atherosclerosis. In this survey, the factors were revealed that contribute to the formation of an individual approach to nutrition: genetic characteristics, the state of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and environmental factors (diets, bioactive components, cardioprotectors, etc.). In the course of the work, it was found that in order to analyze the predisposition to atherosclerosis associated with nutrition, genetic features affecting the metabolism of nutrients are significant. The genetic features include the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes and epigenetic factors. The influence of telomere length on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and circadian rhythms was also considered. Relatively new is the study of the relationship between chrono-nutrition and the development of metabolic diseases. That is, to obtain the relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis, a large number of genetic markers should be considered. In this relation, the question arises: "How many genetic features need to be analyzed in order to form a personalized diet for the consumer?" Basically, companies engaged in nutrigenetic research and choosing a diet for the prevention of a number of metabolic diseases use SNP analysis of genes that accounts for lipid metabolism, vitamins, the body's antioxidant defense system, taste characteristics, etc. There is no set number of genetic markers. The main diets effective against the development of atherosclerosis were considered, and the most popular were the ketogenic, Mediterranean, and DASH-diets. The advantage of these diets is the content of foods with a low amount of carbohydrates, a high amount of vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as foods rich in antioxidants. However, due to the restrictions associated with climatic, geographical, material features, these diets are not available for a number of consumers. The way out is the use of functional products, dietary supplements. In this approach, the promising biologically active substances (BAS) that exhibit anti-atherosclerotic potential are: baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and other plant metabolites. Among the substances, those of animal origin are popular: squalene, coenzyme Q10, omega-3. For the prevention of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition, it is necessary to analyze the genetic characteristics (SNP) associated with the metabolism of nutrients, to assess the state of the microbiota of the GIT. Based on the data obtained and food preferences, as well as the individual capabilities of the consumer, the optimal diet can be selected. It is topical to exclude nutrients of which their excess consumption stimulates the occurrence and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to enrich the diet with functional foods (FF), BAS containing the necessary anti-atherosclerotic, and stimulating microbiota of the GIT nutrients. Personalized nutrition is a topical preventive measure and there are a number of problems hindering the active use of this approach among consumers. The key factors include weak evidence of the influence of a number of genetic features, the high cost of the approach, and difficulties in the interpretation of the results. Eliminating these deficiencies will contribute to the maintenance of a healthy state of the population through nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vesnina
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Research Department, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Victor Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research and Development Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
- R&D Center “Advanced Electronic Technologies”, Tomsk State University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Varvara Minina
- Department of Genetic and Fundamental Medicine, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Ponasenko
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia;
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22
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Teng C, Wang Y, Pang S, Wei X, Liu X. Study on the mechanism of Gualou Xiebai Guizhi decoction (GLXBGZD) in the treatment of coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29490. [PMID: 35866783 PMCID: PMC9302367 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to analyze the mechanism of Gualou Xiebai Guizhi decoction (GLXBGZD) in treating coronary heart disease (CHD) utilizing network pharmacology. METHODS The GLXBGZD effective components were searched on the pharmacological database platform of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacol, and its potential target was predicted. The Online Mendelian Inheritance obtained CHD disease target in Man and GeneCards database. The Venn map of the intersection target for GLXBGZD and CHD was constructed by using Venn online website. The "drug-component-target-disease" network map was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. The DAVID online platform was used to analyze the function of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) at the intersection of targets of drugs and diseases. RESULTS A total of 27 articles were searched for GLXBGZD, including 111 potential targets, 5521 disease targets, 100 drug and disease intersection targets. The core target network map shows that Interleukin (IL)-6, TNF, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), TP53, EGF, JUN, MAPK1, Catalase (CAT), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) may be the key targets in CHD therapy. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that the biological functions of GLXBGZD involved biological processes such as response to drugs, positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis process, and response to hypoxia. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that GLXBGZD might participate in CHD treatment through Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase--Threonine protein kinase (PI3K-Akt), and the calcium signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that the GLXBGZD mechanism in CHD treatment has the characteristics of multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways, which provides a theoretical basis for its clinical application and subsequent experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Teng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Songhai Pang
- Department of Community Health Management Section, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Medical Affair Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangzhen Liu
- Department of Community Health Service, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangzhen Liu, Department of Community Health Service, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 of Beiyuan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, P. R. China (e-mail: )
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23
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Agarwal N, Kolba N, Khen N, Even C, Turjeman S, Koren O, Tako E. Quinoa Soluble Fiber and Quercetin Alter the Composition of the Gut Microbiome and Improve Brush Border Membrane Morphology In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030448. [PMID: 35276807 PMCID: PMC8838577 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a gluten-free pseudo-cereal, has gained popularity over the last decade due to its high nutritional value. Quinoa is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, fibers, tocopherols (Vitamin E), unsaturated fatty acids and a wide range of polyphenols. The study used Gallus gallus intra-amniotic feeding, a clinically validated method, to assess the effects of quinoa soluble fiber (QSF) and quercetin 3-glucoside (Q3G) versus control. Quercetin is a pharmacologically active polyphenol found in quinoa. Six groups (no injection, 18 Ω H2O, 5% inulin, 1% Q3G, 5% QSF, 1% Q3G + 5% QSF) were assessed for their effect on the brush border membrane (BBM) functionality, intestinal morphology and cecal bacterial populations. Our results showed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in BBM morphology, particularly goblet and Paneth cell numbers, in the group administered with quinoa and quercetin. However, there were no significant changes seen in the expression of the genes assessed both in the duodenum and liver between any of the treatment groups. Furthermore, fibrous quinoa increased the concentration of probiotic L. plantarum populations compared to the control (H2O). In conclusion, quercetin and quinoa fiber consumption has the potential to improve intestinal morphology and modulate the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Agarwal
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (N.A.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (N.A.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Noa Khen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (N.A.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Carmel Even
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (C.E.); (S.T.); (O.K.)
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (C.E.); (S.T.); (O.K.)
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (C.E.); (S.T.); (O.K.)
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (N.A.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-0884
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24
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Lan H, Hong W, Qian D, Peng F, Li H, Liang C, Du M, Gu J, Mai J, Bai B, Peng G. Quercetin modulates the gut microbiota as well as the metabolome in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6240-6250. [PMID: 34486477 PMCID: PMC8806632 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1969194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA) has been widely studied and the use of quercetin for OA therapy is well documented, the relevant characteristics of the microbiome and metabolism remain unclear. This study reports changes in the gut microbiota and metabolism during quercetin therapy for OA in a rat model and provides an integrative analysis of the biomechanism. In this study, the rats were categorized into 3 different groups: the OA model, quercetin treatment, and control groups. The OA rats was conducted using a monoiodoacetate (MIA) injection protocol. The rats in the quercetin group received daily intragastric administration of quercetin from day 1 to day 28. Stool samples were collected, and DNA was extracted. We used an integrated approach that combined the sequencing of whole 16S rRNA, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurements and metabolomics analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize the functional impact of quercetin on the gut microbiota and metabolism in a rat model of OA. The use of quercetin partially abrogated intestinal flora disorder and reversed fecal metabolite abnormalities. Compared with the control rats, the OA rats showed differences at both the class level (Clostridia, Bacteroidia, and Bacilli) and the genus level (Lactobacillus and unidentified Ruminococcaceae). Acetic acid, propionic acid and 24 metabolites were significantly altered among the three groups. However, the changes were significantly abrogated in quercetin-treated OA rats. Consequently, this study provided important evidence regarding perturbations of the gut microbiome and the function of these changes in a potential new mechanism of quercetin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hong
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gmu-gibh Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyang Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Du
- Gmu-gibh Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlan Gu
- Gmu-gibh Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxuan Mai
- Gmu-gibh Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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25
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Ming J, Yu X, Xu X, Wang L, Ding C, Wang Z, Xie X, Li S, Yang W, Luo S, He Q, Du Y, Tian Z, Gao X, Ma K, Fang Y, Li C, Zhao J, Wang X, Ji Q. Effectiveness and safety of Bifidobacterium and berberine in human hyperglycemia and their regulatory effect on the gut microbiota: a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel-controlled study. Genome Med 2021; 13:125. [PMID: 34365978 PMCID: PMC8351344 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine and Bifidobacterium have been reported to improve glucose tolerance in people with hyperglycemia or other metabolic disorders. This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic effect and the regulation of the gut microbiota caused by berberine and Bifidobacterium and the possible additive benefits of their combination. METHODS This was an 18-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled study of patients newly diagnosed with hyperglycemia. After a 2-week run-in period, 300 participants were randomly assigned to the following four groups for 16 weeks of treatment: berberine (Be), Bifidobacterium (Bi), berberine and Bifidobacterium (BB), and placebo group. The primary efficacy endpoint was the absolute value of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared with baseline after 16 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Between October 2015 and April 2018, a total of 297 participants were included in the primary analysis. Significant reductions of FPG were observed in the Be and BB groups compared with the placebo group, with a least square (LS) mean difference of - 0.50, 95% CI [- 0.85, - 0.15] mmol/L, and - 0.55, 95% CI [- 0.91, - 0.20] mmol/L, respectively. The Be and BB groups also showed significant reductions in 2-h postprandial plasma glucose. A pronounced decrease in HbA1c occurred in the BB group compared to the placebo group. Moreover, compared with the Bi and placebo groups, the Be and BB groups had more changes in the gut microbiota from the baseline. CONCLUSIONS Berberine could regulate the structure and function of the human gut microbiota, and Bifidobacterium has the potential to enhance the hypoglycemic effect of berberine. These findings provide new insights into the hypoglycemic potential of berberine and Bifidobacterium. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03330184. Retrospectively registered on 18 October 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ming
- Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinwen Yu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | | | - Li Wang
- Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xuan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheli Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- The Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Aerospace Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu Luo
- Genertec Universal Xi'an Aero-Engine Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingzhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an High-Tech Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yafang Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhufang Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, China
| | - Kaiyan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, China
| | - Yujie Fang
- Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | | | - Qiuhe Ji
- Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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26
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Ma S, Xia M, Gao X. Biomarker Discovery in Atherosclerotic Diseases Using Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:681444. [PMID: 34395555 PMCID: PMC8356911 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.681444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress in the management of atherosclerosis (AS), its subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This is probably due to insufficient risk detection using routine lipid testing; thus, there is a need for more effective approaches relying on new biomarkers. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) metabolomics is able to phenotype holistic metabolic changes, with a unique advantage in regard to quantifying lipid-protein complexes. The rapidly increasing literature has indicated that qNMR-based lipoprotein particle number, particle size, lipid components, and some molecular metabolites can provide deeper insight into atherogenic diseases and could serve as novel promising determinants. Therefore, this article aims to offer an updated review of the qNMR biomarkers of AS and CVD found in epidemiological studies, with a special emphasis on lipoprotein-related parameters. As more researches are performed, we can envision more qNMR metabolite biomarkers being successfully translated into daily clinical practice to enhance the prevention, detection and intervention of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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27
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Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases: Nutraceutical Interventions Related to Caloric Restriction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157772. [PMID: 34360538 PMCID: PMC8345941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely associated and represent a key public health problem worldwide. An excess of adipose tissue, NAFLD, and gut dysbiosis establish a vicious circle that leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) is the most promising nutritional approach capable of improving cardiometabolic health. However, adherence to CR represents a barrier to patients and is the primary cause of therapeutic failure. To overcome this problem, many different nutraceutical strategies have been designed. Based on several data that have shown that CR action is mediated by AMPK/SIRT1 activation, several nutraceutical compounds capable of activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling have been identified. In this review, we summarize recent data on the possible role of berberine, resveratrol, quercetin, and L-carnitine as CR-related nutrients. Additionally, we discuss the limitations related to the use of these nutrients in the management of T2DM and CVD.
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28
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Dagher O, Mury P, Thorin-Trescases N, Noly PE, Thorin E, Carrier M. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin to Alleviate Endothelial Dysfunction in Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:658400. [PMID: 33860002 PMCID: PMC8042157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium occupies a catalog of functions that contribute to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. It is a physically active barrier between circulating blood and tissue, a regulator of the vascular tone, a biochemical processor and a modulator of coagulation, inflammation, and immunity. Given these essential roles, it comes to no surprise that endothelial dysfunction is prodromal to chronic age-related diseases of the heart and arteries, globally termed cardiovascular diseases (CVD). An example would be ischemic heart disease (IHD), which is the main cause of death from CVD. We have made phenomenal advances in treating CVD, but the aging endothelium, as it senesces, always seems to out-run the benefits of medical and surgical therapies. Remarkably, many epidemiological studies have detected a correlation between a flavonoid-rich diet and a lower incidence of mortality from CVD. Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid class, is a natural compound ubiquitously found in various food sources such as fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, and wine. It has been reported to have a wide range of health promoting effects and has gained significant attention over the years. A growing body of evidence suggests quercetin could lower the risk of IHD by mitigating endothelial dysfunction and its risk factors, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, accumulation of senescent endothelial cells, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). In this review, we will explore these pathophysiological cascades and their interrelation with endothelial dysfunction. We will then present the scientific evidence to quercetin's anti-atherosclerotic, anti-hypertensive, senolytic, and anti-EndoMT effects. Finally, we will discuss the prospect for its clinical use in alleviating myocardial ischemic injuries in IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Dagher
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Mury
- Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Emmanuel Noly
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Zhao X, Oduro PK, Tong W, Wang Y, Gao X, Wang Q. Therapeutic potential of natural products against atherosclerosis: Targeting on gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105362. [PMID: 33285231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) has emerged as an essential and integral factor for maintaining human health and affecting pathological outcomes. Metagenomics and metabolomics characterization have furthered gut metagenome's understanding and unveiled that deviation of specific GM community members and GM-dependent metabolites imbalance orchestrate metabolic or cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Restoring GM ecosystem with nutraceutical supplements keenly prebiotics and probiotics relatively decreases CVDs incidence and overall mortality. In Atherosclerosis, commensal and pathogenic gut microbes correlate with atherogenesis events. GM-dependent metabolites-trimethylamine N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids regulate atherosclerosis-related metabolic processes in opposite patterns to affect atherosclerosis outcomes. Therefore, GM might be a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. In atherogenic animal models, natural products with cardioprotective properties could modulate the GM ecosystem by revitalizing healthier GM phylotypes and abrogating proatherogenic metabolites, paving future research paths for clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanyu Tong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
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30
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Wu WK, Ivanova EA, Orekhov AN. Gut microbiome: A possible common therapeutic target for treatment of atherosclerosis and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:85-97. [PMID: 32610150 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota is a dynamic and variable system that can change over time and in response to different diets and treatments. There is currently no doubt that gut microbiota can provide interesting therapeutic opportunities, since it can metabolize biologically active molecules, drugs, and their precursors, and control their bioavailability. Moreover, it can produce both beneficial and dangerous metabolites that influence host's health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of gut microbiota in two chronic human pathologies that represent the greatest challenges of modern medicine: atherosclerosis and cancer. Interesting parallels are observed between the mechanisms and possible treatment approaches of these pathologies. Some of the common effects of therapeutic agents targeting both pathologies, such as anti-inflammatory activity, are partially mediated by the gut microbiota. We will discuss the effects of common drugs (metformin, statins and aspirin) and various nutraceuticals on gut microbiota and outline the pathways of microbial involvement in mediating the pleiotropic beneficial effects of these agents in atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia.
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31
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Deng Q, Li XX, Fang Y, Chen X, Xue J. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin as an Antiatherosclerotic Agent in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5926381. [PMID: 32565865 PMCID: PMC7292974 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5926381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality globally. It causes a huge burden on families and caregivers and high costs for medicine and surgical interventions. Given expensive surgeries and failures of most conventional treatments, medical community tries to find a more cost-effective cure. Thus, attentions have been primarily focused on food or herbs. Quercetin (Qu) extracted from food, a flavonoid component, develops potentials of alternative or complementary medicine in atherosclerosis. Due to the wide range of health benefits, researchers have considered to apply Qu as a natural compound in therapy. This review is aimed to identify the antiatherosclerosis functions of Qu in treating ASCVD such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and blood lipid-lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xue Li
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Fang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingui Xue
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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