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Workman B, Fulk F, Carreón T, Nabors L. Implementation of an Awareness Level Training to Prepare the Workforce for Future Infectious Disease Outbreaks. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e9. [PMID: 38287864 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for workforce awareness-level training for infectious disease outbreaks. A training program was created and evaluated to provide strategies for emergency preparedness as well as worker health and safety during a disease outbreak. METHODS Participants (N = 292) completed instructor-led synchronous online training modules between January 2022 and February 2023. Training covered 5 areas: vaccine awareness, infectious disease transmission and prevention, pandemic awareness, and inapparent infections, as well as workplace controls to reduce or remove hazards. Participants completed a survey before and after training to assess knowledge change in the five areas. Chi-square analyses assessed how predictors were related to knowledge change. RESULTS Overall, an increase in knowledge was observed between pre- (80.9%) and post-training (92.7%). Participants from small businesses, with less work experience, and in non-health care roles were under-informed. Knowledge of disease transmission and prevention improved for non-health care professions and workers with less experience. All participants gained knowledge in identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from injuries and illness at job sites. CONCLUSIONS Training improved employee knowledge about safe work practices and pandemic preparedness. Studies should continue to evaluate the effectiveness of preparedness training to prepare the workforce for infectious disease outbreaks and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Workman
- Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Health Promotion and Education, School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Florence Fulk
- Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tania Carreón
- Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura Nabors
- Health Promotion and Education, School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Udemgba C, Sarkaria SK, Gleeson P, Bryant-Stephens T, Ogbogu PU, Khoury P, Apter AJ. New considerations of health disparities within allergy and immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:314-323. [PMID: 36503854 PMCID: PMC9905264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic, political upheavals, and social justice efforts in our society have resulted in attention to persistent health disparities and the urgent need to address them. Using a scoping review, we describe published updates to address disparities and targets for interventions to improve gaps in care within allergy and immunology. These disparities-related studies provide a broad view of our current understanding of how social determinants of health threaten patient outcomes and our ability to advance health equity efforts in our field. We outline next steps to improve access to care and advance health equity for patients with allergic/immunologic diseases through actions taken at the individual, community, and policy levels, which could be applied outside of our field. Key among these are efforts to increase the diversity among our trainees, providers, and scientific teams and enhancing efforts to participate in advocacy work and public health interventions. Addressing health disparities requires advancing our understanding of the interplay between social and structural barriers to care and enacting the needed interventions in various key areas to effect change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Udemgba
- National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sandeep K Sarkaria
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Patrick Gleeson
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Tyra Bryant-Stephens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Princess U Ogbogu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paneez Khoury
- National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrea J Apter
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Garfin DR, Djokovic L, Cohen Silver R, Holman EA. Acute stress, worry, and impairment in health care and non-health care essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2022; 14:1304-1313. [PMID: 35482684 PMCID: PMC9728043 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health care and non-health care essential workers working in face-to-face interactions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be vulnerable to psychosocial distress. Limited empirical research on COVID-19-related psychosocial outcomes has utilized probability-based samples including both health care and non-health care essential workers. METHOD We surveyed a sample of 1,821 United States self-identified essential workers, collected using probability-based methods, working in face-to-face interactions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak (March 18, 2020 through April 18, 2020), in three consecutive 10-day cohorts. We assessed acute stress, health-related worries, and functional impairment. Demographics, secondary stressors (lack of childcare or health care, lost wages), and pre-COVID-19 mental and physical health were examined as predictors of psychological outcomes. RESULTS Acute stress (β = .08, p = .001), health-related worries (β = .09, p = .001), and functional impairment (β = .05, p = .034) increased over time in the early weeks of the outbreak. Health care essential workers reported lower functional impairment (β = -.06, p = .009) and acute stress (β = -.06, p = .015) compared with non-health care essential workers. Across the sample, prior mental and physical health ailments, inability to obtain health care, lost wages, younger age, female gender, and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with acute stress (βs = -.14 to .15, ps ≤ .001), health-related worries (βs = -.09 to .14, ps ≤ .001), and functional impairment (βs = -.08 to .16, ps ≤ .006). Lack of childcare (β = .09, p < .001) was positively associated with acute stress. CONCLUSION Non-health care essential workers may be vulnerable to negative psychosocial outcomes. Targeted training and support may help facilitate coping with the effects of working in-person during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Findings may help inform intervention efforts, critical as COVID-19 becomes endemic and society must learn to live with its evolving variants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rose Garfin
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lindita Djokovic
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Roxane Cohen Silver
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - E. Alison Holman
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Williams BE, Kondo KK, Ayers CK, Kansagara D, Young S, Saha S. Preventing Unequal Health Outcomes in COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Past Interventions. Health Equity 2022; 5:856-871. [PMID: 35018320 PMCID: PMC8742307 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We sought to identify interventions that reduced disparities in health outcomes in infectious disease outbreaks or natural disasters in the United States to understand whether these interventions could reduce health disparities in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and other databases to May 2020 to find studies that examined interventions to mitigate health inequalities in previous infectious disease pandemics or disasters. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) Checklist for Qualitative Studies. Results: We included 14 articles (12 studies) and 5 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stakeholder meeting articles on pandemic influenza preparedness in marginalized populations. Studies called for intervention and engagement before pandemic or disaster onset. Several studies included interventions that could be adapted to COVID-19, including harnessing technology to reach disadvantaged populations, partnering with trusted community liaisons to deliver important messaging around disease mitigation, and using culturally specific communication methods and messages to best reach marginalized groups. Discussion: To our knowledge this is the first systematic review to examine interventions to mitigate health inequities during an infectious disease pandemic. However, given that we identified very few disparities-focused infectious disease intervention studies, we also included studies from the disaster response literature, which may not be as generalizable to the current context of COVID-19. Overall, community outreach and tailored communication are essential in disease mitigation. More research is needed to evaluate systemic interventions that target the distal determinants of poor health outcomes among marginalized populations during pandemics and natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E Williams
- Primary Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Karli K Kondo
- Evidence Synthesis Program, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Research Integrity Office, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Chelsea K Ayers
- Evidence Synthesis Program, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Devan Kansagara
- Evidence Synthesis Program, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Young
- Evidence Synthesis Program, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Somnath Saha
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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UĞUR A, BURUKLAR T. Effects of Covid-19 pandemic on agri-food production and farmers. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.19821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nagy P, Wernery U, Burger P, Juhasz J, Faye B. The impact of COVID-19 on Old World Camelids and their potential role to combat a human pandemic. Anim Front 2021; 11:60-66. [PMID: 33575105 PMCID: PMC7863343 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nagy
- Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Pamela Burger
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Juhasz
- Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Dubai, UAE
| | - Bernard Faye
- UMR SELMET, CIRAD-ES, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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7
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Ejebe IH, Zhang X, Rangel MG, Martinez-Donate AP. Seasonal influenza vaccination among Mexican migrants traveling through the Mexico-US border region. Prev Med 2015; 71:57-60. [PMID: 25514546 PMCID: PMC4329086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mobile populations are at high risk for communicable diseases and can serve as a bridge between sending and receiving communities. The objective of this study is to determine the rates of, and factors associated with, seasonal influenza vaccination among Mexican migrants traveling through the US-Mexico border. METHODS We used a 2013 cross-sectional population-based survey of adult mobile Mexican migrants traveling through the Mexico-US border region (N=2313; weighted N=652,500). We performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to model the odds of receiving an influenza vaccination in the past year by sociodemographics, migration history, health status, and access to health care. RESULTS The seasonal influenza vaccination rate in this population was 18.6%. Gender, health status, and health insurance were associated with the likelihood to receive an influenza vaccination. CONCLUSION Overall, the rates of seasonal influenza vaccination in circular Mexican migrants are low compared to adults in Mexico and the US Efforts are needed to increase influenza vaccination among this highly mobile population, particularly in adults with chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifna H Ejebe
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, USA
| | | | - Ana P Martinez-Donate
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, USA.
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8
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Andrulis DP, Siddiqui NJ, Purtle JP. Integrating racially and ethnically diverse communities into planning for disasters: the California experience. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2012; 5:227-34. [PMID: 22003140 DOI: 10.1001/dmp.2011.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Racially/ethnically diverse communities suffer a disproportionate burden of adverse outcomes before, during and after a disaster. Using California as a locus of study, we sought to identify challenges and barriers to meeting the preparedness needs of these communities and highlight promising strategies, gaps in programs, and future priorities. METHODS We conducted a literature review, environmental scan of organizational Web sites providing preparedness materials for diverse communities, and key informant interviews with public health and emergency management professionals. RESULTS We identified individual-level barriers to preparing diverse communities such as socioeconomic status, trust, culture, and language, as well as institutional-level barriers faced by organizations such as inadequate support for culturally/linguistically appropriate initiatives. Current programs to address these barriers include language assistance services, community engagement strategies, cross-sector collaboration, and community assessments. Enhancing public-private partnerships, increasing flexibility in allocating funds and improving organizational capacity for diversity initiatives were all identified as additional areas of programmatic need. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests at least four intervention priorities for California and across the United States: engaging diverse communities in all aspects of emergency planning, implementation, and evaluation; mitigating fear and stigma; building organizational cultural competence; and enhancing coordination of information and resources. In addition, this study provides a methodological model for other states seeking to assess their capacity to integrate diverse communities into preparedness planning and response.
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Schoch-Spana M, Bouri N, Rambhia KJ, Norwood A. Stigma, Health Disparities, and the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic: How to Protect Latino Farmworkers in Future Health Emergencies. Biosecur Bioterror 2010; 8:243-54. [DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2010.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Schoch-Spana
- Monica Schoch-Spana, PhD, and Ann Norwood, MD, are Senior Associates, and Nidhi Bouri and Kunal J. Rambhia are Analysts; all are at the Center for Biosecurity of UPMC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nidhi Bouri
- Monica Schoch-Spana, PhD, and Ann Norwood, MD, are Senior Associates, and Nidhi Bouri and Kunal J. Rambhia are Analysts; all are at the Center for Biosecurity of UPMC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kunal J. Rambhia
- Monica Schoch-Spana, PhD, and Ann Norwood, MD, are Senior Associates, and Nidhi Bouri and Kunal J. Rambhia are Analysts; all are at the Center for Biosecurity of UPMC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ann Norwood
- Monica Schoch-Spana, PhD, and Ann Norwood, MD, are Senior Associates, and Nidhi Bouri and Kunal J. Rambhia are Analysts; all are at the Center for Biosecurity of UPMC, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Baron S, Liebman AK, Ruiz V, Steege AL. Shelley Davis: Public Health Advocate at the Service of the Farmworker. Am J Public Health 2009; 99 Suppl 3:S505-7. [DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.174318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Baron
- Sherry Baron and Andrea L. Steege are with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH. Amy K. Liebman is with the Migrant Clinicians Network, Quantico, MD. Virginia Ruiz is with Farmworker Justice, Washington, DC
| | - Amy K. Liebman
- Sherry Baron and Andrea L. Steege are with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH. Amy K. Liebman is with the Migrant Clinicians Network, Quantico, MD. Virginia Ruiz is with Farmworker Justice, Washington, DC
| | - Virginia Ruiz
- Sherry Baron and Andrea L. Steege are with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH. Amy K. Liebman is with the Migrant Clinicians Network, Quantico, MD. Virginia Ruiz is with Farmworker Justice, Washington, DC
| | - Andrea L. Steege
- Sherry Baron and Andrea L. Steege are with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH. Amy K. Liebman is with the Migrant Clinicians Network, Quantico, MD. Virginia Ruiz is with Farmworker Justice, Washington, DC
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11
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Hutchins SS, Truman BI, Merlin TL, Redd SC. Protecting vulnerable populations from pandemic influenza in the United States: a strategic imperative. Am J Public Health 2009; 99 Suppl 2:S243-8. [PMID: 19797737 PMCID: PMC4504371 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.164814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Protecting vulnerable populations from pandemic influenza is a strategic imperative. The US national strategy for pandemic influenza preparedness and response assigns roles to governments, businesses, civic and community-based organizations, individuals, and families. Because influenza is highly contagious, inadequate preparedness or untimely response in vulnerable populations increases the risk of infection for the general population. Recent public health emergencies have reinforced the importance of preparedness and the challenges of effective response among vulnerable populations. We explore definitions and determinants of vulnerable, at-risk, and special populations and highlight approaches for ensuring that pandemic influenza preparedness includes these populations and enables them to respond appropriately. We also provide an overview of population-specific and cross-cutting articles in this theme issue on influenza preparedness for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja S Hutchins
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Office of the Chief of Public Health Practice, Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E-67, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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