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Lao J, Tan H, Wu Y, Ding T, Liu X, Sun L, Chen X, Zhu C, Kang Y, Chen YH, Tang C, Wang F, Liu Y. Cerebrospinal Fluid Nitric Oxide Synthase is a Potential Mediator Between Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Sleep Disorders. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:897-906. [PMID: 38974692 PMCID: PMC11225998 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s458294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cigarette smoking and low peripheral nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels are strongly associated with sleep disorders. However, whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NOS relates to sleep disorders and whether CSF NOS mediates the relationship between cigarette smoking and sleep disorders is unclear. Methods We measured CSF levels of total NOS (tNOS) and its isoforms (inducible NOS [iNOS] and constitutive NOS [cNOS]) in 191 Chinese male subjects. We applied the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results The PSQI scores of active smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers, while CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS were significantly lower (all p < 0.001). CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS were negatively associated with PSQI scores in the general population (all p < 0.001). Mediation analysis suggested that CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS mediate the relationship between smoking and PSQI scores, and the indirect effect accounted for 78.93%, 66.29%, and 81.65% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is associated with sleep disorders. Active smokers had significantly lower CSF levels of tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS. Furthermore, tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS mediate the relationship between cigarette smoking and sleep quality. This study provides insights into how cigarette smoke affects sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Lao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Tan
- Department of neurosurgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanrong Sun
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyi Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongrong Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chonghui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui−Long−Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Ng THJ, Sarikahya MH, Hudson R, Szkudlarek HJ, Pérez-Valenzuela E, Uzuneser TC, Proud E, Gummerson D, Youssef M, Machado M, Zhaksylyk K, DeVuono MV, Chen C, Yeung KKC, Rushlow WJ, Laviolette SR. Adolescent nicotine exposure induces long-term, sex-specific disturbances in mood and anxiety-related behavioral, neuronal and molecular phenotypes in the mesocorticolimbic system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1171-1182. [PMID: 38521861 PMCID: PMC11109238 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The majority of lifetime smokers begin using nicotine during adolescence, a critical period of brain development wherein neural circuits critical for mood, affect and cognition are vulnerable to drug-related insults. Specifically, brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus, are implicated in both nicotine dependence and pathological phenotypes linked to mood and anxiety disorders. Clinical studies report that females experience higher rates of mood/anxiety disorders and are more resistant to smoking cessation therapies, suggesting potential sex-specific responses to nicotine exposure and later-life neuropsychiatric risk. However, the potential neural and molecular mechanisms underlying such sex differences are not clear. In the present study, we compared the impacts of adolescent nicotine exposure in male vs. female rat cohorts. We performed a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological and targeted protein expression analyses along with matrix assisted laser deionization imaging (MALDI) immediately post-adolescent exposure and later in early adulthood. We report that adolescent nicotine exposure induced long-lasting anxiety/depressive-like behaviors, disrupted neuronal activity patterns in the mPFC-VTA network and molecular alterations in various neural regions linked to affect, anxiety and cognition. Remarkably, these phenotypes were only observed in males and/or were expressed in the opposite direction in females. These findings identify a series of novel, sex-selective biomarkers for adolescent nicotine-induced neuropsychiatric risk, persisting into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun Hay Jason Ng
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mohammed H Sarikahya
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Roger Hudson
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Hanna J Szkudlarek
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Enzo Pérez-Valenzuela
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Taygun C Uzuneser
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Emma Proud
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Dana Gummerson
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Miray Youssef
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Madeline Machado
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kuralay Zhaksylyk
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Marieka V DeVuono
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Chaochao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ken K-C Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Walter J Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada.
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute (CHRI), London, ON, Canada.
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Osmari DG, Garcez A, Belem da Silva CT, Dias-da-Costa JS, Olinto MTA. Prevalence of common mental disorders in southern Brazilian women: a comparison of two population-based studies (2003 vs. 2015). Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:359-368. [PMID: 38157003 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) in women, and comparing them in two periods, 2003 and 2015. METHODS A comparative study was conducted between two surveys with representative samples of women aged 20-60 years residing in southern Brazil. The final sample included 988 and 987 women from the 2003 and 2015 surveys, respectively. The presence of CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8) in both surveys. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between the outcome (CMD) and variables of interest. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 38.5 ± 11.1 years (2003) and 40.3 ± 11.4 years (2015). In 2003, the prevalence of CMD was 33.4% (95%CI: 30.5-36.3) and in 2015, it was 33.7% (95%CI: 30.8-36.7). Over 12 years, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of CMD, except for a reduction in the prevalence in women of color and physically active. After adjusting, the prevalence ratios of CMD in 2003 and 2015 remained associated with low family income, a higher number of pregnancies, and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a trend toward stability in the high prevalence of CMD among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débie Garlet Osmari
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Garcez
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
- Post-graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, UFRGS, R. Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Santa CecíliaRS, 240090035-002, Brazil.
- Pos-graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Cai J, Bidulescu A. E-cigarette use or dual use of E-cigarette and combustible cigarette and mental health and cognitive impairment: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey, 2020-2021. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:878-887. [PMID: 38211743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the association between e-cigarette use and mental health are mostly among adolescents and young adults, leaving limited evidence of this association among general US adults. Besides, few studies have examined how e-cigarette use or dual use of e-cigarette and combustible cigarette is related to cognitive function. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 56,734 adults from the 2020-2021 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the independent association between e-cigarette use or dual use and anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, serious psychological distress (SPD), and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Compared with never e-cigarette users, current e-cigarette users had 2.10-fold (95 % CI: 1.84, 2.39), 2.53-fold (95 % CI: 2.13, 3.00), 2.02-fold (95 % CI: 1.47, 2.76), and 2.00-fold (95 % CI: 1.47, 2.72) higher odds of reporting anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, SPD, and cognitive impairment, respectively. Former e-cigarette use was also associated with all three mental conditions and cognitive impairment (AOR ranged from 1.38 to 2.53, all P < 0.01). Dual users were more likely to report all three mental conditions and cognitive impairment than those who never used combustible cigarette and e-cigarette (AOR ranged from 1.89 to 2.83, all P < 0.01). Dual users also had a greater likelihood of having anxiety or depression symptoms than exclusive combustible cigarette users (AOR ranged from 1.46 to 1.47, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use or dual use is associated with poor mental health and cognitive impairment among US adults. Regulations on e-cigarette use are needed to prevent mental illness and improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America.
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
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5
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Shan W, Peng X, Tan W, Zhou Z, Xie H, Wang S. Prevalence of insomnia and associations with depression, anxiety among adults in guangdong, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Sleep Med 2024; 115:39-47. [PMID: 38330694 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, often associated with some mental disorders or mental health concerns, especially when accompanied by depression or anxiety, but very limited research has been reported in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and associations with depression, anxiety in Chinese adults. METHODS We conducted this large-sample cross-sectional study (51774 adults) in Guangdong province from October to December 2022. We used multistage stratified equal-volume random sampling under a complex sampling design to select the sample and standardized structured questionnaires to collect the necessary information. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of insomnia was 24.8 %. Insomnia was significantly associated with depression (OR:11.29, 95 %CI: 9.58-13.29), and anxiety (OR:10.98, 95 %CI: 8.78-13.72). Risk factors as being associated with insomnia were female, higher years of education, suffering from chronic diseases, previous drinking and current drinking, while protective factors were living in a rural area, married or cohabited, divorce or separation and being older. Risk factors as being associated with depression in the insomnia group included 10-16 years of education and suffering from chronic diseases, while protective factors were being older, married or cohabited, and normal BMI. Risk factors associated with anxiety in the insomnia group included 7-12 years of education and suffering from chronic diseases, while protective factors were being older, married or cohabited, and having a normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is associated with the development of depression and anxiety. Women and unhealthy lifestyle were at high risk for insomnia, had chronic diseases is an important factor, and insomnia with depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shan
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenyan Tan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhijian Zhou
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Xie
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - ShiBin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China; School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China.
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6
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Albarrak DA, Alotaibi AB, Alotaibi RF, Alramadhan SH, Bin Muhanna AI, Aldehan AM, Bin Abdulrahman KA. The Association Between Nicotine Dependence and Mental Health in the General Population of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5801-5815. [PMID: 38106979 PMCID: PMC10723076 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s429609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High prevalence of mental disorders is associated with psychoactive substances, significantly contributing to morbidity, disability, and premature mortality. Worldwide, individuals who use electronic-cigarettes (EC) and have a mental health diagnosis are more likely to experience stress, depression, and drug use. This study aims to measure the prevalence of both EC use and mental health disorders namely, anxiety and depression additionally to investigate the association between EC use and mental health status among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted across Saudi Arabia from November 2022 to May 2023. The survey was divided into three sections. The first section focuses on the demographics, while the second part asked about both conventional and EC smoking and their frequency. The third section assessed mental health status using a Patient Health Questionnaire with a 9-item depression scale (PHQ-9) and a 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Results The study revealed 21.1% reporting EC use in the past thirty days. While 19.8% reported smoking tobacco one or more days within the last thirty days. Regarding mental health, 36.6% of individuals had minimal anxiety, while 42.4% experienced mild anxiety. Moreover, most of the participant were considered to have mild followed by minimal depression accounting for 36.7% and 31.9%, respectively. The results indicated a positive and significant correlation between perceived depression scores and nicotine dependence among EC users. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between gender and nicotine dependence, with men being more inclined than women. Conclusion There is a correlation between nicotine use and mental health outcomes; people who use nicotine products are more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Abdullah Albarrak
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Bandar Alotaibi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Faisal Alotaibi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Hussain Alramadhan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Mohammed Aldehan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Bin Abdulrahman
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13317-4233, Saudi Arabia
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Issa R, Sfeir M, Azzi V, Salameh P, Akiki M, Akel M, Hallit S, Obeid S, Malaeb D, Hallit R. Association of Computer Vision Syndrome with Depression/Anxiety among Lebanese Young Adults: The Mediating Effect of Stress. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2674. [PMID: 37830711 PMCID: PMC10572235 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Computers have become indispensable in daily activities. With this excess use of electronics, computer vision syndrome (CVS), a highly prevalent condition, is associated with various symptoms. Although understanding the relationship between CVS and mental health has been reported, the impact of CVS has not been explored on more than one psychological aspect. We hypothesize that higher CVS symptoms could be associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, mediated by higher stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the association between CVS and depression and anxiety among a sample of Lebanese young adults, along with evaluating the mediating effect of stress on these associations. Between August 2020 and April 2021, 749 participants completed an online questionnaire for this cross-sectional study. Females compared to males (Beta = 3.73) and those with CVS compared to those who did not (Beta = 3.14) were significantly associated with more anxiety, whereas having a university level of education compared to secondary or less (Beta = -3.02) was significantly associated with less anxiety. Females compared to males (Beta = 2.55) and those with CVS compared to those without (Beta = 2.61) were significantly associated with more depression, whereas being of an older age (Beta = -0.18) was significantly associated with less depression. Stress partially mediated the association between CVS and anxiety and between CVS and depression. More CVS was significantly associated with more stress (Beta = 3.05). Higher stress was significantly associated with more anxiety (Beta = 0.70) and depression (Beta = 0.71), whereas more CVS was significantly and directly associated with more anxiety (Beta = 3.14) and depression (Beta = 2.61). This study is the first worldwide to evaluate an association between CVS and mental health. Our results serve as a starting point for healthcare providers (psychiatrists and psychologists, most importantly) to look deeper into CVS when looking for reasons behind mental health issues. Further studies are warranted to confirm our results and look for more factors and mediators in such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Issa
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon; (R.I.); (V.A.); (S.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Michel Sfeir
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (SSP), Institute of Psychology (IP), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Vanessa Azzi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon; (R.I.); (V.A.); (S.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 5053, Lebanon;
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon;
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat 1103, Lebanon
| | - Maria Akiki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael’s Medical Center, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon;
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon; (R.I.); (V.A.); (S.H.); (R.H.)
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon;
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon; (R.I.); (V.A.); (S.H.); (R.H.)
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre-Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos Postal Code 3, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh P.O. Box 295, Lebanon
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8
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Ocalewski J, Jankowski M, Zegarski W, Migdalski A, Buczkowski K. The Role of Health Behaviors in Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study of Patients with Colorectal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5416. [PMID: 37048030 PMCID: PMC10094031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide. CRC incidence depends, in part, on the health behaviors that make up an individual's lifestyle. We aimed to assess the influence of health behaviors and quality of life (QoL) among patients with CRC receiving surgical treatment. In this single-center questionnaire study, 151 patients were surveyed 1 week before and 6 months after colorectal procedures (laparoscopic hemicolectomy, low rectal anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection, and others). This study demonstrated a significant decrease in alcohol consumption and physical activity following the execution of colorectal procedures. No statistically significant changes were observed in smoking or the consumption of healthy food. Global QoL did not change significantly; however, a decrease in physical and role-related functioning was observed. Significant improvements in emotional functioning were also observed. A detailed analysis showed that physical and social functioning were related to smoking, the consumption of healthy food, physical activity, and additional therapies. Emotional functioning was related to smoking, the consumption of healthy food, and complementary treatments. Six months following an operation, it was also dependent on alcohol intake. Physical functioning was the area that decreased the most in the six months after colorectal tumor surgery compared to the period before surgery. Health behaviors such as cessation of smoking, engagement in physical activity, and the consumption of healthy food contributed to a higher quality of life among patients prior to resecting colorectal cancer and six months after the procedure. Patients who received adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy had a lower quality of life than patients who did not receive this type of therapy. The kind of surgery (laparoscopic hemicolectomy, lower anterior rectum resection, or abdominoperineal rectum resection) was not related to QoL six months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Ocalewski
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Michał Jankowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Toruń, Poland; (M.J.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center—Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Romanowskiej, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Toruń, Poland; (M.J.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center—Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Romanowskiej, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Migdalski
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Torun, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Buczkowski
- Department of Family Medicine, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Torun, Poland
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9
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Shenassa ED, Rogers ML, Buka SL. Maternal smoking during pregnancy, offspring smoking, adverse childhood events, and risk of major depression: a sibling design study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:206-216. [PMID: 33899711 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of a biologically plausible association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and the risk of depression is discounted by null findings from two sibling studies. However, valid causal inference from sibling studies is subject to challenges inherent to human studies of MSP and biases particular to this design. We addressed these challenges in the first sibling study of MSP and depression conducted among adults past the peak age for the onset of depression, utilizing a prospectively collected and biologically validated measure of MSP and accounting for non-shared as well as mediating factors. METHODS We fit GEE binomial regression models to correct for dependence in the risk of depression across pregnancies of the same mother. We also fit marginal structural models (MSM) to estimate the controlled direct effect of MSP on depression that is not mediated by the offspring's smoking status. Both models allow the estimation of within- and between-sibling risk ratios. RESULTS The adjusted within-sibling risk ratios (RRW) from both models (GEE: RRW = 1.97, CI 1.16-3.32; MSM: RRW = 2.08, CI 1.04-4.17) evinced an independent association between MSP and risk of depression. The overall effects from a standard model evinced lower associations (GEE: RRT = 1.12, CI 0.98-1.28; MSM: RRT = 1.18, CI 1.01-1.37). CONCLUSIONS Based on within-sibling information free of unmeasured shared confounders and accounting for a range of unshared factors, we found an effect of MSP on the offspring's risk of depression. Our findings, should they be replicated in future studies, highlight the importance of considering challenges inherent to human studies of MSP and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond D Shenassa
- Maternal & Child Health Program, Department of Family Science and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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10
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Li Y, Wu F, Mu Q, Xu K, Yang S, Wang P, Wu Y, Wu J, Wang W, Li H, Chen L, Wang F, Liu Y. Metal ions in cerebrospinal fluid: Associations with anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2141-2147. [PMID: 36168907 PMCID: PMC9627395 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metal ions and anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers. METHODS We measured CSF levels of various metal ions from 178 Chinese male subjects. Apart from sociodemographic and clinical characteristics data, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied. RESULTS BDI and PSQI scores (all p < 0.001) were significantly higher in active smokers than nonsmokers. Active smokers have significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum (all p ≤ 0.002). Some metal ions, including zinc, iron, lead, and aluminum, were found to have a significant correlation with BDI scores, whereas metal ions, including zinc and lead, were found to have a significant correlation with PSQI scores in the general group. More interesting, mediation analysis showed that aluminum mediated the relationship between smoking and depression. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking was indeed associated with depression and insomnia. Active smokers had significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum. Furthermore, CSF aluminum played a mediating role in the relationship between smoking and depression, which further confirmed its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Ruian People's HospitalWenzhou Medical College Affiliated Third HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Fenzan Wu
- Laboratory of Translational MedicineAffiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityNingboChina,School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qingshuang Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder ResearchThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Kewei Xu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shizhuo Yang
- School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ping Wang
- School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Junnan Wu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hui Li
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research DivisionInner Mongolia Medical UniversityHuhhotChina,Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Chen
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui‐Long‐Guan HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanlong Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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11
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Hahad O, Beutel M, Gilan DA, Michal M, Schulz A, Pfeiffer N, König J, Lackner K, Wild P, Daiber A, Münzel T. The association of smoking and smoking cessation with prevalent and incident symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in the general population. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:100-109. [PMID: 35777492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a well-established risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing mental health conditions remains largely elusive. This study examined the relationship between cigarette smoking as well as smoking cessation and prevalent and incident symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in the general population. METHODS In a cohort of 15,010 individuals from the Gutenberg Health Study (aged 35-74 years at enrollment), prevalent (at baseline from 2007 to 2012) and incident symptoms (at follow-up from 2012 to 2017) of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance were determined by validated questionnaires and/or medical records. Smoking status, pack-years of smoking in current and former smokers, and years since quitting smoking in former smokers were assessed by a standardized computer-assisted interview. RESULTS In multivariable logistic regression models with comprehensive adjustment for covariates, smoking status was independently associated with prevalent and incident symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ≥ 10), whereas this association was weaker for anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 ≥ 3) and sleep disturbance (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 > 1). Among current and former smokers, smoking ≥30 or ≥10 pack-years, respectively, yielded in general the highest effect estimates. Smoking cessation was weakly associated with the prevalence and incidence of all outcomes, here consistent associations were observed for prevalent symptoms of depression. LIMITATIONS The observational nature of the study does not allow for causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that cigarette smoking is positively and that smoking cessation is negatively associated with symptoms of common mental health conditions, in particular of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Manfred Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Donya A Gilan
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Wild
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Lee B, Levy DE, Macy JT, Elam KK, Bidulescu A, Seo DC. Smoking trajectories from adolescence to early adulthood as a longitudinal predictor of mental health in adulthood: evidence from 21 years of a nationally representative cohort. Addiction 2022; 117:1727-1736. [PMID: 34817100 DOI: 10.1111/add.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To measure the prospective relationship between smoking trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health in later adulthood and test whether this relationship was mediated by concurrent co-use of alcohol and marijuana. DESIGN Longitudinal study using data drawn from rounds 1 to 18 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), a nationally representative cohort study spanning 21 years. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS The analytical sample included those who completed survey items about smoking behaviors on at least half the data collection opportunities in adolescence and young adulthood (n = 8570, 48.9% female, 66.2% white). MEASUREMENTS Mental health in adulthood was measured using the five-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5; range = 0-100) at round 18. Seven trajectories of smoking from adolescence to young adulthood were identified by group-based multi-trajectory modeling, using data over 11 years from rounds 1 to 11. FINDINGS Late-onset moderate smokers [β = -1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.61 to -0.29], late-onset accelerated smokers (β = -2.53, 95% CI = -4.28 to -0.78), early-onset heavy smokers (β = -3.72, 95% CI = -5.59 to -1.85) and early-onset moderate smokers (β = -2.66, 95% CI = -4.48 to -0.84) showed poorer regression-adjusted mean MHI-5 scores in later adulthood than stable abstainers, even after controlling for baseline mental health and covariates. Whether or not a difference in MHI-5 scores was present between quitters and stable abstainers was inconclusive. The concurrent co-use of alcohol and marijuana in young adulthood significantly mediated the relationship between smoking trajectory and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Continued smoking, especially early-onset and heavy smoking from adolescence to young adulthood, appears to increase the risk of poor mental health later in mid-adulthood, and quitting smoking in young adulthood may mitigate such risk even among early-onset smokers. Mediation analyses underscore the role of using multiple substances in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Tobacco Treatment and Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Tobacco Treatment and Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan T Macy
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kit K Elam
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
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13
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Working Hours and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms According to Shift Work and Gender. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e316-e321. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Doyle I, Catling JC. The Influence of Perfectionism, Self-Esteem and Resilience on Young People's Mental Health. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:224-240. [PMID: 35201966 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2027854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explored whether maladaptive perfectionism and low self-esteem constituted reliable risk factors of student mental illness, as well as determining whether resilience moderates these predictive relationships. 434 University undergraduate students were recruited. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7). Perfectionism, self-esteem and resilience were analyzed in relation to the PHQ9 and GAD-7 scores via a regression analysis. Perfectionism discrepancy, self-esteem and resilience all significantly predicted depression and anxiety. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed a statistically significant amount of additional variance to be explained by resilience for depression and anxiety, than for perfectionism and self-esteem alone. Maladaptive perfectionism and low self-esteem predispose an individual to depression and anxiety, though resilience may act as a protective factor against development of mental illness.
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15
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Fatani BZ, Al‐Yahyawi H, Raggam A, Al‐Ahdal M, Alzyoud S, Hassan AN. Perceived stress and willingness to quit smoking among patients with depressive and anxiety disorders seeking treatment. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e503. [PMID: 35229052 PMCID: PMC8867423 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives Little are known about nicotine dependence (ND), perceived stress, and willingness to quit smoking at different treatment stages in patient with affective disorders (AD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between ND and perceived stress among patients with AD presenting with psychiatric treatment at different clinical stages (first visit or follow‐up), and in different nicotine type users (cigarette and waterpipe smokers). We also aimed to evaluate the willingness to quit smoking and its association with barriers to quitting. Methods This cross‐sectional mixed‐method study collected quantitative and qualitative data from patients (n = 57) presenting for treatment with AD and ND at different sites in Saudi Arabia. Quantitative validated scales were used to assess the 70 of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and ND. Qualitative questions assessed barriers to quit smoking. We used a linear regression modeling to estimate the association between ND and perceived stress as well as to estimate the association between barrier to quit and willingness to quit. Results ND had a statistically significant association with perceived stress (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20‐3.63). Participants in the follow‐up group had a higher ND score than those in the first‐visit group. One of the most commonly reported barriers to quitting was using nicotine as a stress management (33.3%), which predicted positive willingness to quit (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.48‐3.37; P < .01). Boredom was reported as a barrier in the waterpipe group more than cigarette group. Conclusion ND has a significant association with perceived stress regardless of treatment status in patients with AD, indicating the need to evaluate smoking cessation during the early stages of treatment for patients with AD and ND. It will be critical for clinicians to offer patients with AD alternative coping mechanisms to manage stress and boredom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Zaid Fatani
- Department of Psychiatry King AbdulAziz Medical City Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al‐Yahyawi
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Division King AbdulAziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mutaz Al‐Ahdal
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Division King AbdulAziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukaina Alzyoud
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan
| | - Ahmed N. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Division King AbdulAziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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16
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Short B, Giles L, Karageorge A, Bauer L. Exploring and reorienting psychiatrists' attitudes regarding smoking cessation and its potential to improve mental health outcomes: a pilot study. Australas Psychiatry 2021; 29:663-667. [PMID: 34488489 DOI: 10.1177/10398562211037321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to explore the knowledge, attitudes, confidence and practices of Australian psychiatrists and psychiatry registrars with regard to smoking cessation with their patients and to promote clinical practice reflection and re-framing. METHODS A mixed-methods questionnaire was developed. Interviews were conducted via telephone or face-to-face utilising participatory action research principles. Qualitative data were de-identified and analysed following a reflexive thematic approach. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed with 15 participants. The majority worked in the public health sector and agreed that smoking cessation could be used as a clinical tool across mental health services. However, nearly all of the participants reported being unfamiliar with the latest literature. Only one-third of participants reported having had received formal training in smoking cessation. Overwhelmingly, more training was reported as necessary and welcomed by participants. CONCLUSION Our study has identified gaps in psychiatrists' and psychiatry registrars' knowledge and confidence regarding the promotion, initiation and oversight of smoking cessation strategies for patients. It's important that psychiatrists lead the way in re-framing and engaging with this issue, and consider smoking cessation as a tool that can improve mental health outcomes. A review of existing Australian policies, guidelines and training is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Short
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Gosford, NSW, Australia.,Central Coast Local Health District, Mental Health Service, Gosford, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Giles
- Central Coast Local Health District, Health Promotion Service, Gosford, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lyndon Bauer
- Health Promotion Service, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, NSW, Australia
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17
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Smoking status: A tacit screen for postpartum depression in primary care settings. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1243-1250. [PMID: 34706438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal screening for postpartum depression (PPD) remains an unachieved national priority. A tacit screen that requires no additional resources for administration can help to achieve this priority. We examine the predictive utility of using smoking as a tacit screen for PDD. We first establish smoking is a valid proxy for more prominent psychosocial determinants of PPD and is a predictor for PPD. METHODS We analyzed PRAMS data (2012-2015; N=134,435). Time of smoking was categorized as nonsmoker, during the prenatal period, the postpartum, or continuously; PPD was assessed using two PHQ-2 style questions. RESULTS Compared to nonsmokers, women who smoked only during the prenatal period (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.86), only during the postpartum (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.49), and continuously throughout both periods (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.41 - 1.69) were more likely to experience PPD. Smoking assessed at a prenatal visit (SN: 0.90, SP: 0.21), postpartum visit (SN: 0.86, SP: 0.25), or assessed at both visits (SN: 0.90, SP: 0.19) performed relatively well as a tacit screen for PPD, performing better among unmarried women (SN: 0.75 - 0.81; SP: 0.29 - 0.36). LIMITATIONS In this study, the criterion of positivity used was PRAMS' adapted version of the PHQ-2. This tacit screen may perform differently relative to a clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Time of smoking predicts risk of PPD and can be used to tacitly screen for PPD with reasonable accuracy without requiring any additional time in settings with limited resources for routine screening of PPD.
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18
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Prevalence of Anxiety in Smoking Cessation: A Worldwide Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Bilsky SA, Luber MJ, Cloutier RM, Dietch JR, Taylor DJ, Friedman HP. Cigarette use, anxiety, and insomnia from adolescence to early adulthood: A longitudinal indirect effects test. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106981. [PMID: 33993036 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette use during adolescence has been linked to increased risk for insomnia symptoms, but limited work has examined factors that may account for this association. Adolescent cigarette use and anxiety symptoms characterized by physiological hyperarousal evidence bidirectional associations, as do anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptoms. This suggests that adolescent cigarette use, anxiety symptoms characterized by physiological hyperarousal, and insomnia symptoms may increase and maintain one another. The current study tests physiological hyperarousal anxiety symptoms as a potential indirect effect in the cigarette-insomnia symptoms link across adolescence and young adulthood. METHODS We examined data from adolescents and young adults from Waves 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 2,432 with full data). Insomnia symptoms were assessed at baseline (ages 12-16 years), 1 year later (13-17 years), and 14 years after baseline (26 - 30 years) among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Cigarette use was assessed at baseline, 1 year later, 6 years after baseline, and 14 years after baseline. Anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline and 1 year later. RESULTS Structural equation models indicated that anxiety symptoms exerted an indirect effect on the longitudinal associations between adolescent cigarette use and adult insomnia symptoms. Anxiety symptoms and cigarette use evidenced bidirectional associations during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that increases in anxiety symptoms characterized by physiological hyperarousal may be one mechanism whereby cigarette use during adolescence is associated with increased insomnia symptoms during early adulthood. Prevention efforts aimed at reducing cigarette use during adolescence may have long term additional benefits for anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptoms.
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20
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Gaming to relieve tension or anxiety and associations with health functioning, substance use and physical violence in high school students. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:461-467. [PMID: 34147933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gaming is popular among youth and gaming disorders have been introduced recently into psychiatric nomenclature systems. Motivations underlying gaming may include involvement to reduce negative emotional states and thus may link to psychiatric and overall health. Thus, the extent to which adolescents engage in gaming to relieve anxiety warrants additional investigation. Data from 2005 Connecticut high-school students were used to examine how adolescents who reported gaming to relieve tension or anxiety differed from those who reported gaming but not to relieve tension or anxiety on measures of demographics, academic performance, general health, extracurricular activities, dysphoria/depression symptoms, substance use, and aggressive or violent behaviors. Chi-square analyses and binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were conducted. Gaming to relieve anxiety was more prevalent in boys and Hispanic and Asian adolescents and associated with less extracurricular involvement, poorer academic performance, increased cigarette and other drug use, problematic internet use, and depression. Participants with gaming to relieve tension or anxiety were also more likely to report weapon-carrying, missing school because they felt unsafe, having been threatened with a weapon, having engaged in physical fights, and having experienced injuries from fights. As gaming to relieve anxiety was related to mental-health- and functioning-related measures, additional research is needed to examine the precise natures of these relationships and to translate the information into improved intervention strategies.
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21
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Otim M, Al Marzouqi AM, Subu M, Damaj N, Al-Harbawi S. Prevalence of Generalised Anxiety Disorders Among Clinical Training Students at the University of Sharjah. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1863-1872. [PMID: 34285504 PMCID: PMC8286110 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s317828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety among clinical training students. Despite the existence of interventions that address anxieties, lack of data on the size of the problem, especially in the Middle East where mental health stigmatized, means that outcomesmay not be maximized. Materials and Methods Our study was cross-sectional survey of the University of Sharjah (UOS), the United Arab Emirates students undergoing clinical training in health sciences. The participants were selected from all the three UOS campuses: medical and science colleges; women's colleges; and men's colleges. A sample of 219 clinical training students were randomly sent an electronic link to participate on an online survey. The study received ethical approval from the UOS Research Ethics Committee number is REC-20-03-04-02-S. Results The mean score for state anxiety was 47.24±1.31 and the mean score for trait anxiety was 46.82±1.21. These scores indicated a high level of anxiety among students undertaking clinical training. Overall, 63% of the sample were classified as having high state anxiety, and 62% had high trait anxiety. Conclusion This study shows clinical training students experience high levels of state and trait anxiety. It is necessary to address this issue to improve the conditions and circumstances for students entering clinical training. It may also be necessary to implement strategies to enable students with anxiety to perform well in clinical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Otim
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Academic Research and Consultancy Directorate, Nexus International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Amina M Al Marzouqi
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Subu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naamat Damaj
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara Al-Harbawi
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease-Associations and Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147272. [PMID: 34298890 PMCID: PMC8304236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to combat cigarette smoking/tobacco use, it still remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, killing more than eight million people each year. While tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases related to the four main groups—cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes—its impact on neuropsychiatric risk is rather elusive. The aim of this review article is to emphasize the importance of smoking as a potential risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease and to identify central pathophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. There is strong evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicating that smoking may increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as dementia/cognitive decline, schizophrenia/psychosis, depression, anxiety disorder, and suicidal behavior induced by structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system, mainly centered on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. From a public health perspective, preventive measures and policies designed to counteract the global epidemic of smoking should necessarily include warnings and actions that address the risk of neuropsychiatric disease.
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23
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E-cigarettes use prior to smoking combustible cigarettes among dual users: The roles of social anxiety and E-cigarette outcome expectancies. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106854. [PMID: 33601094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
E-cigarette use is prevalent, and rates of use continue to increase. Although e-cigarettes are often used to help combustible users quit or reduce smoking, some use e-cigarettes in the absence of combustible cigarettes, increasing risk for smoking combustible cigarettes. Yet, little research has examined individual vulnerability factors implicated in transitioning from exclusive e-cigarettes use to dual use of combustible cigarettes. Social anxiety may be one such factor given it is related to a variety of negative smoking-related outcomes. Thus, the current study tested whether social anxiety was related to using e-cigarettes before smoking combustibles among 226 current undergraduate dual users (use both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes). Most dual users reported initiating with e-cigarettes (67%). Those who initiated with e-cigarettes reported statistically significantly greater negative reinforcement (d = 0.59) and weight control expectancies (d = 0.37) and greater social anxiety (d = 0.37) than those who initiated with combustibles. Social anxiety was indirectly related to e-cigarette initiation via negative and weight control expectancies. Findings add to a growing literature that dual users initiated with e-cigarettes and extend understanding of this phenomenon by identifying that socially anxious persons may be especially vulnerable to doing so, at least partially due to expectations regarding e-cigarette's ability to manage negative affect and/or weight.
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24
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Geographic disparities in new onset of internalizing disorders in Pennsylvania adolescents using electronic health records. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2021; 41:100439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Bataineh BS, Wilkinson AV, Case KR, Clendennen SL, Sumbe A, Chen B, Harrell MB. Emotional symptoms and sensation seeking: Implications for tobacco interventions for youth and young adults. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:37. [PMID: 34046534 PMCID: PMC8138947 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/133571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although emotional symptoms and sensation seeking are recognized as important risk factors for tobacco use among youth and young adults, to date, their joint influence on tobacco use has not been examined. METHODS Data used in this study are from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance study, a population-based cohort. At baseline, in 2014, participants were in the 10th grade. Mixed-effects logistic regression models examined associations between emotional symptoms and sensation seeking in 2014 and odds of past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use in 2018. Interactions between emotional symptoms and sensation seeking were examined to assess whether one modifies the effect of the other on cigarette and e-cigarette use. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, school type, and ever use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes at baseline, adolescents with high emotional symptoms (AORcig=1.97; 95% CI:1.07–3.60, and AORe-cig=1.68; 95% CI: 1.06–2.66) and with high sensation seeking tendencies (AORcig=2.05; 95% CI: 1.03–4.10, and AORe-cig=1.68; 95% CI: 1.02–2.76) had significantly higher odds of past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use four years later compared to adolescents with low emotional symptoms and low sensation seeking tendencies. The interaction was significant (p=0.01) for e-cigarette use only; among low sensation seekers, adolescents who reported high levels of emotional symptoms were at increased risk for past 30-day use (AORe-cig=3.43; 95% CI: 1.38–8.51), and among adolescents with low emotional symptoms, high sensation seekers were at increased for risk for past 30-day use (AORe-cig=3.50; 95% CI: 1.54–7.91). CONCLUSIONS It is important for tobacco use prevention programs to consider both behavioral risk factors – sensation seeking and emotional symptoms – in an integrative way, to target high risk subgroups and thereby increase the efficacy of existing effective intervention strategies in order to curb tobacco use among youth and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara S Bataineh
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Kathleen R Case
- Center for Research to Advance Community Health (ReACH), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| | - Stephanie L Clendennen
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Aslesha Sumbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, United States
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26
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Laviolette SR. Molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on anxiety and mood disorders. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108411. [PMID: 33245960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco addiction is highly co-morbid with a variety of mental health conditions, including schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. Nicotine, the primary psychoactive compound in tobacco-related products is known to functionally modulate brain circuits that are disturbed in these disorders. Nicotine can potently regulate the transmission of various neurochemicals, including dopamine (DA), γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, within various mesocorticolimbic structures, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), all of which show pathologies in these disorders. Many neuropsychiatric diseases have etiological origins during neurodevelopment, typically occurring during vulnerable periods of adolescent or pre-natal brain development. During these neurodevelopmental periods, exposure to extrinsic drug insults can induce enduring and long-term pathophysiological sequelae that ultimately increase the risk of developing chronic mental health disorders in later life. These vulnerability factors are of growing concern given rising rates of adolescent nicotine exposure via traditional tobacco use and the increasing use of alternative nicotine delivery formats such as vaping and e-cigarettes. A large body of clinical and pre-clinical evidence points to an important role for adolescent exposure to nicotine and increased vulnerability to developing mood and anxiety disorders in later life. This review will examine current clinical and pre-clinical evidence that pinpoints specific mechanisms within the mesocorticolimbic circuitry and molecular biomarkers linked to the association between adolescent nicotine exposure and increased risk of developing mood and anxiety-related disorders. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Dept. of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 3K7, ON, Canada.
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27
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A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of E-cigarette Use Among College Students. J Community Health 2020; 46:195-202. [PMID: 32592159 PMCID: PMC7317082 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarette use among young adults is a major public health concern. Approximately 17.7–40% of college students have tried or are currently using e-cigarettes. While a few studies have examined e-cigarette use among youth, opportunity exists to understand psychosocial factors that influence college students’ e-cigarette behavior. The main purpose of this study is to examine the associations between the constructs of self-efficacy, knowledge, depression and anxiety symptoms, and e-cigarette use among college students. A retrospective cross-sectional survey (20-items) design was used for data collection. Bivariate analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate associations between the independent variables and the dependent variable. A total of 872 college students between the ages of 18 and 25 completed the survey in Qualtrics. A significant association between gender and frequency of e-cigarette use was found (χ2 = 22.94, p < .001). ANOVA results showed significant relationships between knowledge [F (3, 808) = 9.01, p < 0.001], self-efficacy [F (3, 808) = 4.85, p < 0.01], depression [F (3,808) = 8.31, p < .05], and e-cigarette use. Post hoc analysis revealed students who never used e-cigarettes scored higher on knowledge and self-efficacy than students who used every day, somedays or rarely, indicating never-users have higher knowledge of negative effects associated with e-cigarette use and have higher self-confidence than e-cigarette users. The study’s findings highlight that modifiable factors such as knowledge about harmful effects of e-cigarettes and self-confidence are associated with low e-cigarette use. Interventions could be designed to target these modifiable factors.
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28
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Obeid S, Lahoud N, Haddad C, Sacre H, Fares K, Akel M, Salameh P, Hallit S. Factors associated with anxiety among the Lebanese population: the role of alexithymia, self-esteem, alcohol use disorders, emotional intelligence and stress and burnout. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020; 24:151-162. [PMID: 32031427 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1723641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess factors associated with anxiety among a sample of the Lebanese population.Methods: A cross-sectional, conducted between November 2017 and March 2018, enrolled 789 participants. Anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. A cluster analysis was then performed with the identified factor scores to identify the different profiles of the participants.Results: A cluster analysis based on the three factors derived three mutually exclusive clusters, which form 29.62%, 34.54%, and 35.84% of all participants, respectively. The first cluster represented people in distress (low emotional intelligence, high depersonalisation, alcohol use disorder, burnout, stress, alexithymia and low self-esteem); the second one represented people with wellbeing (High emotional intelligence, low depersonalisation, low alcohol use disorder, low burnout, low stress, low alexithymia and high self-esteem), whereas cluster 3 represented people in between. Higher age (Beta = 0.065) was significantly associated with higher anxiety, whereas being in cluster 2 (people with wellbeing) (Beta = -12.37) and cluster 3 (people in between) (Beta = -5.426) were significantly associated with lower anxiety compared to being in cluster 1 (people in distress).Conclusions: The findings of this study are overall consistent with those of epidemiologic community-based surveys and may help inform structural models of classification and prediction of anxiety disorders (ADs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Obeid
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Public Health, CERIPH, Center for Research in Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France.,Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, University Limoges, Limoges, France.,Department of psychiatry, CH Esquirol, Limoges, France
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kassandra Fares
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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29
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Efectos de la rehabilitación cardiaca en el paciente cardiovascular con ansiedad y depresión. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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30
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Zimmermann M, Chong AK, Vechiu C, Papa A. Modifiable risk and protective factors for anxiety disorders among adults: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112705. [PMID: 31839417 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in the general population and associated with high rates of impairment and disability. This burden highlights the need to identify risk factors that individuals can modify without professional intervention. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that examined modifiable risk and protective factors for anxiety disorders among adults in the general population. Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO and MEDLINE using medical subject headings and text words related to risk factors, protective factors, and each anxiety disorder. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by three study authors. Modifiable risk and protective factors from 19 studies across seven countries were identified. Risk factors identified included cigarette smoking, alcohol use, cannabis use, negative appraisals of life events, avoidance, and occupational factors. Protective factors included social support, coping, and physical activity. Cigarette smoking was the most studied risk factor. Support was found for cigarette smoking as a risk factor for agoraphobia and panic disorder. Mixed results were found for generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobia. Across disorders, smoking frequency was associated with greater risk. Results indicate an important gap in the literature in that few studies have examined modifiable risk factors for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Zimmermann
- Department of Psychology, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, United States.
| | - Adrienne K Chong
- Department of Psychology, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, United States
| | - Catalina Vechiu
- Department of Psychology, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, United States
| | - Anthony Papa
- Department of Psychology, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, United States
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31
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Lee W, Lee JG, Yoon JH, Lee JH. Relationship between occupational dust exposure levels and mental health symptoms among Korean workers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228853. [PMID: 32059015 PMCID: PMC7021288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dust and fumes are complex mixtures of airborne gases and fine particles present in all environments inhabited by people. This study investigated the relationship between occupational dust exposure levels and mental health problems such as depression or anxiety, fatigue, and insomnia or sleep disturbance. We analyzed data from the third and fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) conducted by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2011 and 2014. We performed chi-square tests to compare the different baseline and occupational characteristics and mental health status according to occupational dust exposure levels. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for mental health symptoms (fatigue, depression or anxiety, and insomnia or sleep disturbance) were calculated using adjusted multiple logistic regression models. A total of 78,512 participants (43,979 in men, 34,533 in women) were included in this study. Among them, 6,013 (7.7%) and 2,625 (3.3%) reported “moderate” and “severe” dust exposure, respectively. Among those who answered “yes” to depression or anxiety, fatigue, insomnia or sleep disturbance, 50 (4.6%), 961 (4.8%), and 123 (5.9%), respectively, demonstrated “severe” occupational dust exposure. Compared to “low” levels of dust exposure, “moderate” and “severe” exposure increased the risk of depression and anxiety (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.88–1.36; OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 0.87–1.58, per exposure respectively); however, this was not statistically significant. For fatigue, significance was observed for “moderate” 1.54 (1.46–1.64) and “severe” 1.65 (1.52–1.80) exposure levels. “Severe” levels increased the risk of insomnia or sleep disturbance (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.25–1.85). These results suggest that the “dust annoyance” concept of mental health, which may be explained by a neurocognitive mechanism, is plausible. Occupational “dust annoyance” has been linked to workers’ mental health status, particularly in terms of fatigue and sleep disturbance; a dose-response relationship has been observed. Workers should be protected against dust to support their health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gwang Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Hee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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32
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Buckner JD, Zvolensky MJ, Lewis EM. Smoking and social anxiety: the role of false safety behaviors. Cogn Behav Ther 2019; 49:374-384. [PMID: 31847703 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2019.1696396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the negative health consequences associated with smoking, most smokers find it difficult to quit. This is especially true for smokers with elevated social anxiety. One factor that may play a role in maintaining smoking with elevated anxiety is false safety behavior (FSB), behaviors geared toward decreasing anxiety short-term but that maintain or increase anxiety long-term. The present study tested whether FSB explained the relation of social anxiety severity with smoking among 71 current smokers. Avoidance-related FSB was the only type of FSB related to cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and it was robustly related to more CPD. Further, social anxiety was related to CPD indirectly via FSB-Avoidance. Findings suggest that more frequent use of avoidance behaviors to manage anxiety may maintain smoking and may partially explain the high rates of smoking among those with elevated social anxiety. Thus, FSB may be a promising target in smoking cessation interventions, especially among those with elevated social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University , LA, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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33
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Kang D, Fairbairn CE, Ariss TA. A meta-analysis of the effect of substance use interventions on emotion outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol 2019; 87:1106-1123. [PMID: 31724427 PMCID: PMC6859954 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional distress has been posited as a key underlying mechanism in the development and maintenance of substance use disorder (SUD), and patients seeking SUD treatment are often experiencing high levels of negative emotion and/or low levels of positive emotion. But the extent to which SUD interventions impact emotional outcomes among general SUD populations is yet unquantified. The current meta-analysis aims to fill this gap. METHOD A total of 11,754 records were screened for randomized, controlled trials examining the effect of behavioral SUD interventions on emotion outcomes. Our search yielded a total of 138 effect sizes calculated based on data from 5,146 individuals enrolled in 30 independent clinical trials. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled effect sizes, and metaregression analyses examined study-level moderators (e.g., intervention type). RESULTS Findings indicated a small but significant effect of SUD interventions on emotion outcomes, d = 0.157, 95% CI [0.052, 0.262] (k = 30). The effect size for negative emotion was nominally bigger, d = 0.162, 95% CI [0.056, 0.269] (k = 30), whereas the effect for positive emotion did not reach statistical significance, d = 0.062, 95% CI [-0.089, 0.213] (k = 7). Studies featuring SUD interventions designed to specifically target emotions (i.e., affect-regulation, mindfulness-based treatments) produced larger reductions in negative emotion compared with studies featuring interventions that did not contain specific emotion modules (e.g., contingency management). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that SUD interventions-especially mindfulness-based and affect-regulation treatments-indeed significantly reduce negative emotion, although relatively small effect sizes indicate potential room for improvement. Conclusions regarding positive emotion should be considered preliminary because of the limited numbers of samples assessing these outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sutter ME, Everhart RS, Miadich S, Rudy AK, Nasim A, Cobb CO. Patterns and Profiles of Adolescent Tobacco Users: Results From the Virginia Youth Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:S39-S47. [PMID: 30125014 PMCID: PMC6093380 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking has decreased to a record low among youth across the United States, including in Virginia. Rates of alternative tobacco use, however, are rising and polytobacco use is common. A better understanding of the shifting use patterns and associated risk factors is important for informing tobacco prevention, cessation, and policy efforts. Methods Weighted data from the 2013 Virginia Youth Survey were used. The sample was limited to 1168 youth who reported past 30-day tobacco use of ≥1 product (cigarettes, smokeless tobacco [smokeless], or cigars/little cigars/cigarillos [cigars]). Latent class analysis categorized individuals based on current tobacco use frequency/intensity. Multivariable multinomial logistic regressions compared classes on demographics, other tobacco-related factors, other substance use, and health/psychosocial factors. Results The five-class model indicated the best fit with classes characterized as "Chippers" (28.0%; high probability of low-frequency/intensity cigarette use), "Moderate Poly-Users" (23.6%; low- to high-frequency/moderate intensity cigarette use; moderate probability smokeless/cigar use), "Cigar Users" (20.9%; no-low-probability cigarette/smokeless use; high-probability cigar use), "Smokeless Users" (17.3%; no-low-probability cigarette/cigar use; moderate-high-probability smokeless use), and "Heavy Poly-Users" (10.4%; daily/high-intensity cigarette use, moderate-high-probability smokeless/cigar use). Classes differed significantly by demographics and inconsistently by other tobacco-related factors. Heavy Poly-Users were more likely to engage in other substance use behaviors, report suicidal ideation, and report being bullied because of gender. Conclusions Classes identified indicate that a large proportion of youth engage in polytobacco use and certain subgroups may be at greater risk for negative health consequences due to elevated psychosocial and behavioral risk factors. Implications These findings suggest distinct patterns of current tobacco use, including a high proportion of youth engaging in polytobacco use. Heavy polytobacco use co-occurs with other health risk behaviors and may be attributed to psychosocial risk factors. Results underscore the need for detailed monitoring of shifting youth tobacco use patterns as well as targeted prevention, cessation, and policy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Sutter
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Robin S Everhart
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Samantha Miadich
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.,Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Alyssa K Rudy
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Aashir Nasim
- Institute for Inclusion, Inquiry and Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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35
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Caille P, Terracciano A. Cigarette smoking and personality change across adulthood: Findings from five longitudinal samples. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Riehm KE, Young AS, Feder KA, Krawczyk N, Tormohlen KN, Pacek LR, Mojtabai R, Crum RM. Mental Health Problems and Initiation of E-cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use. Pediatrics 2019; 144:peds.2018-2935. [PMID: 31160343 PMCID: PMC6615573 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During adolescence, mental health problems may increase the risk of initiating combustible cigarette use. However, it is unknown if this association extends to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We examined whether internalizing and externalizing problems were associated with initiation of e-cigarette, combustible cigarette, and dual-product use among adolescents. METHODS Participants were drawn from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of US adolescents followed from 2013 to 2015. The study sample included 7702 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who at baseline reported no lifetime use of tobacco products. We examined the respective associations between baseline internalizing and externalizing problems and initiating use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, or both at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Compared with adolescents with low externalizing problems, adolescents with high externalizing problems were significantly more likely to initiate use of e-cigarettes (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76-4.40), combustible cigarettes (aRRR = 5.59; 95% CI: 2.63-11.90), and both products (aRRR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.15-4.31). Adolescents with high internalizing problems were at increased risk of initiating use of e-cigarettes (aRRR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.12-2.33) but not combustible cigarettes or both products. CONCLUSIONS Mental health problems are associated with increased risk for initiating e-cigarette, combustible cigarette, and dual-product use in adolescence. This association is more consistent for externalizing problems than internalizing problems. Addressing mental health problems could be a promising target for preventing initiation of nicotine- and/or tobacco-product use by adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea S. Young
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School
of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | | | | | | | - Lauren R. Pacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Rosa M. Crum
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and
Clinical Research and,Departments of Mental Health and,Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health
and
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Suzuki D, Wariki WMV, Suto M, Yamaji N, Takemoto Y, Rahman MM, Ota E. Association of secondhand smoke and depressive symptoms in nonsmoking pregnant Women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:918-927. [PMID: 30699877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally about 30% of adult women and 40% of children are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) from active smokers. SHS exposure of pregnant women has been associated with postpartum depression. Unexposed women in pregnancy had lower rates of postpartum depression than women exposed to SHS. This systematic review aimed to determine the association of depressive symptoms and exposure to SHS in nonsmoking pregnant women. METHOD The case-controlled, cross-sectional, and cohort studies with a comparison group were included. Studies including women who had smoking history during pregnancy were excluded. The comprehensive electronic databases, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Medline were searched. RESULT Of the 2777 records screened, seven studies were included in the review for data extraction. The bias of studies was assessed using the RoBANS. We synthesized two studies that showed depressive symptoms at any time during pregnancy and postpartum significantly increased (ORs = 1.77 [95% CI = 1.12 - 2.79]; p = 0.01; I2 = 28%, 4103 women, two studies), and significantly increased the odds of antenatal suicidal ideation in SHS exposed women (ORs = 1.75 [95% CI = 1.14 - 2.70]; p = 0.01; I2 = 51%, 2670 women, two studies). Lack of studies from counties with the highest smoking rates was a limitation. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure during pregnancy showed a significant increase in the odds of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, research is required to clarify to association between SHS and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Suzuki
- Josai International University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing, 1 Gumyo, Togane-shi, Chiba 2838555, Japan.
| | - Windy M V Wariki
- Sam Ratulangi University, Faculty of Medicine, JL. Kampus UNSRAT, Bahu, Kleak, Malalayang, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara 95115, Indonesia.
| | - Maiko Suto
- St. Luke's International University, Graduate School of Nursing Science, Global Health Nursing, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1040044, Japan; Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1578535, Japan.
| | - Noyuri Yamaji
- St. Luke's International University, Graduate School of Nursing Science, Global Health Nursing, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1040044, Japan.
| | - Yo Takemoto
- Juntendo University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
| | - Md Mosfequr Rahman
- University of Rajshahi, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Erika Ota
- St. Luke's International University, Graduate School of Nursing Science, Global Health Nursing, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1040044, Japan.
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38
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Grant JE, Lust K, Fridberg DJ, King AC, Chamberlain SR. E-cigarette use (vaping) is associated with illicit drug use, mental health problems, and impulsivity in university students. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2019; 31:27-35. [PMID: 30699215 PMCID: PMC6420081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the prevalence of e-cigarette use ("vaping") among university students and its associations with psychosocial correlates. METHODS In this study, 9,449 students received a 156-item anonymous online survey assessed the use of e-cigarettes (ever or past year), alcohol and drug use, mental health issues, and impulsive and compulsive traits. RESULTS In total, 3,572 university students (57.1% female) responded to the survey. The prevalence of past 12-month e-cigarette use was 9.2%, with 9.8% reporting having used more than 12 months ago. E-cigarette use was associated with the use of multiple other drugs (eg, alcohol, opiates). Those who used e-cigarettes were significantly more likely to have mental health histories of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, gambling disorder, and anxiety, to report low self-esteem, and to endorse traits of impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Use of e-cigarettes is common in university students and appears to be associated with a variety of mental health and drug use problems. Clinicians should be aware that certain mental health conditions are more common in e-cigarette users. This study indicates the need for longitudinal research into the effects of chronic nicotine consumption on brain function and mental health, especially in young people, since such effects would be common to conventional tobacco smoking and vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon E Grant
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. E-MAIL:
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Ho CSH, Tan ELY, Ho RCM, Chiu MYL. Relationship of Anxiety and Depression with Respiratory Symptoms: Comparison between Depressed and Non-Depressed Smokers in Singapore. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16010163. [PMID: 30626156 PMCID: PMC6339029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of smokers in the community, specifically psychiatric patients, necessitates smoking cessation as an important strategy for reducing the harmful effects of tobacco. This study aims to compare the profiles of depressed and non-depressed smokers and evaluate how psychiatric symptoms influence respiratory symptoms. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 276 non-depressed adult smokers in the community and 69 adult smokers who had been formally diagnosed with depression in the outpatient clinic of a University Hospital in Singapore. Participants were administered questionnaires on smoking attitudes and perceptions, psychiatric symptoms, and respiratory symptoms. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted. The mean age of smokers in the study was 35.32 ± 13.05 years. Smokers in the community and psychiatric samples were largely similar on all of the sociodemographic factors, except that fewer depressed people were employed (χ2 = 8.35, p < 0.01). Smokers with depression also reported more attempts to quit smoking (χ2 = 7.14, p < 0.05), higher mean depressive, anxiety, and stress symptom (DASS) scores (t = −10.04, p < 0.01), and endorsed more respiratory symptoms than smokers in the community (t = −2.40, p < 0.05). The DASS scores, number of cigarettes smoked daily, years of smoking, general perception of smokers getting heart disease, and presence of lung disease were positively and significantly correlated with respiratory symptoms. On multiple regression, only anxiety symptoms (β = 0.26, p < 0.05) and the presence of lung disease (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with respiratory symptoms. Depressed smokers reported greater difficulty in quitting tobacco use, and they perceived more severe respiratory symptoms compared to non-depressed counterparts. Anxiety symptoms were positively associated with the severity of respiratory symptoms. Smoking cessation campaigns need to specifically target psychological symptoms in smokers and focus more psychoeducation on the risk of cardiovascular disease in the middle-aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Elysia L Y Tan
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117416, Singapore.
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Centre of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University (NTTU), Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, 100 Dongshan Road, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China.
| | - Marcus Y L Chiu
- Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Kearns NT, Carl E, Stein AT, Vujanovic AA, Zvolensky MJ, Smits JAJ, Powers MB. Posttraumatic stress disorder and cigarette smoking: A systematic review. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:1056-1072. [PMID: 30192425 DOI: 10.1002/da.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reviews of the PTSD and cigarette smoking literature showed high PTSD-smoking comorbidity and problematic smoking outcomes (Feldner et al., 2007, Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 14-45; Fu et al., 2007, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9, 1071-1084). However, past reviews also noted several prominent gaps in the literature, including a lack of etiological work examining underlying mechanisms and research on specialized PTSD-smoking treatments. The present review summarizes an extensive body of research conducted since the previous reviews targeting these areas of need. METHODS Literature searches identified 66 empirical studies specific to smoking and PTSD. RESULTS Smokers were approximately twice more likely to have PTSD than nonsmokers in the general population, and individuals with PTSD were approximately twice as likely to be current smokers. Smokers with PTSD evidenced more negative affect, trauma history, and comorbid psychiatric history, as well as quit attempts and higher relapse rates. PTSD symptoms were associated with expectations that smoking would reduce negative affect, which, in turn, was associated with increased smoking rate and nicotine dependence. Male sex was associated with nicotine dependence and PTSD avoidance, while the relationship between PTSD and smoking relapse due to withdrawal was stronger in females. Specialized, integrated PTSD and smoking cessation treatments showed promise in increasing quit success relative to standard care in randomized trials. CONCLUSIONS Rates of PTSD-smoking co-occurrence remain high. Notable gains have been made in relevant epidemiological and etiological research, although more work is needed in trauma-specific subpopulations. Several promising specialized treatments for comorbid smoking-PTSD have been developed and empirically tested but require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Emily Carl
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Aliza T Stein
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | - Jasper A J Smits
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Mark B Powers
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Trauma, Critical Care, and Cute Care Surgery Research, Baylor University Medical Center, Dellas, Texas
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Abreu-Villaça Y, Manhães AC, Krahe TE, Filgueiras CC, Ribeiro-Carvalho A. Tobacco and alcohol use during adolescence: Interactive mechanisms in animal models. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 144:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Machado S, Sancassiani F, Paes F, Rocha N, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Nardi AE. Panic disorder and cardiovascular diseases: an overview. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:436-444. [PMID: 28893114 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1357540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The association between panic disorder (PD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been extensively studied in recent years and, although some studies have shown anxiety disorders co-existing or increasing the risk of heart disease, no causal hypothesis has been well established. Thus, a critical review was performed of the studies that evaluated the association between PD and cardiovascular diseases; synthesizing the evidence on the mechanisms mediators that theoretically would be the responsible for the causal pathway between PD and CVD, specifically. This overview shows epidemiological studies, and discusses biological mechanisms that could link PD to CVD, such as pleiotropy, heart rate variability, unhealthy lifestyle, atherosclerosis, mental stress, and myocardial perfusion defects. This study tried to provide a comprehensive narrative synthesis of previously published information regarding PD and CVD and open new possibilities of clinical management and pathophysiological understanding. Some epidemiological studies have indicated that PD could be a risk factor for CVD, raising morbidity and mortality in PD, suggesting an association between them. These studies argue that PD pathophysiology could cause or potentiate CVD. However, there is no evidence in favour of a causal relationship between PD and CVD. Therefore, PD patients with suspicions of cardiovascular symptoms need redoubled attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- a Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory , Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO) , Niterói , RJ , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Panic & Respiration (LABPR) , Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- d Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine , University of Cagliari , Italy
| | - Flavia Paes
- b Laboratory of Panic & Respiration (LABPR) , Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Nuno Rocha
- c Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,e School of Allied Health Sciences , Polytechnic Institute of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- c Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,f Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Anáhuac Mayab , Mérida , Yucatán , México.,g Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Anáhuac Mayab , Mérida , Yucatán , México
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- a Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory , Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO) , Niterói , RJ , Brazil
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43
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Miloyan B, Fried E. A reassessment of the relationship between depression and all-cause mortality in 3,604,005 participants from 293 studies. World Psychiatry 2017; 16:219-220. [PMID: 28498573 PMCID: PMC5428195 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beyon Miloyan
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA,Faculty of Health, Department of PsychologyFederation UniversityMount HelenVICAustralia
| | - Eiko Fried
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Cabello M, Miret M, Caballero FF, Chatterji S, Naidoo N, Kowal P, D'Este C, Ayuso-Mateos JL. The role of unhealthy lifestyles in the incidence and persistence of depression: a longitudinal general population study in four emerging countries. Global Health 2017; 13:18. [PMID: 28320427 PMCID: PMC5358047 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-017-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unhealthy lifestyles and depression are highly interrelated: depression might elicit and exacerbate unhealthy lifestyles and people with unhealthy lifestyles are more likely to become depressed over time. However, few longitudinal evidence of these relationships has been collected in emerging countries. The present study aims i) to analyse whether people with unhealthy lifestyles are more likely to develop depression, and ii) to examine whether depressed people with unhealthy lifestyles are more likely to remain depressed. A total of 7908 participants from Ghana, India, Mexico and Russia were firstly evaluated in the World Health Organization’s Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 0 (2002–2004) and re-evaluated in 2007–2010 (Wave 1). Data on tobacco use, alcohol drinking and physical activity, were collected. Logistic regressions models were employed to assess whether baseline unhealthy lifestyles were related to depression in Wave 1, among people without 12-month depression in Wave 0 and any previous lifetime diagnosis of depression, and to 12-month depression at both study waves (persistent depression). Results Baseline daily and non-daily smoking was associated with depression in Wave 1. Low physical activity and heavy alcohol drinking were associated with persistent depression. Conclusions Unhealthy lifestyles and depression are also positively related in emerging countries. Smoking on a daily and non-daily basis was longitudinally related to depression. Depressed people with low physical activity and with heavy drinking patterns were more likely to become depressed over time. Several interpretations of these results are given. Further studies should check whether a reduction of these unhealthy lifestyles leads to lower depression rates and/or to a better clinical prognosis of depressed people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cabello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Felix Caballero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nirmala Naidoo
- Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Kowal
- Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.,Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine D'Este
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Diego de Leon, 62, Madrid, 28006, España.
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Lee JY, Brook JS, Finch SJ, De La Rosa M, Brook DW. Joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms from the mid-20s to the mid-30s predicting generalized anxiety disorder. J Addict Dis 2017; 36:158-166. [PMID: 28281938 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2017.1303958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study examines longitudinal patterns of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms as predictors of generalized anxiety disorder using data from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. There were 674 African American (53%) and Puerto Rican (47%) participants. Among the 674 participants, 60% were females. In the logistic regression analyses, the indicators of membership in each of the joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms from the mid-20s to the mid-30s were used as the independent variables, and the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder in the mid-30s was used as the dependent variable. The high cigarette smoking with high depressive symptoms group and the low cigarette smoking with high depressive symptoms group were associated with an increased likelihood of having generalized anxiety disorder as compared to the no cigarette smoking with low depressive symptoms group. The findings shed light on the prevention and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Judith S Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Stephen J Finch
- b Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York , USA
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- c Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - David W Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
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Amutah-Onukagha NN, Doamekpor LA, Gardner M. An Examination of the Sociodemographic and Health Determinants of Major Depressive Disorder Among Black Women. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:1074-1082. [PMID: 27928770 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Black women disproportionately share the distribution of risk factors for physical and mental illnesses. The goal of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and health correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms among black women. METHODS Pooled data from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to assess the sociodemographic and health correlates of MDD symptoms among black women (n = 227). Multivariate logistic regression techniques assessed the association between MDD symptoms and age, socioeconomic status, health status, and health behaviors. RESULTS Poverty income ratio and smoking status were significantly associated with the likelihood of having MDD symptoms. Black women who were smokers were also more likely to have MDD symptoms compared to non-smokers [OR = 8.05, 95% CI = (4.56, 14.23)]. After controlling for all other socioeconomic and health variables, this association remained statistically significant. In addition, after controlling for all other variables, the multivariate analyses showed that black women below 299% federal poverty level (FPL) were nearly three times more likely to have MDD symptoms compared to women above 300% FPL [OR = 2.82, 95% CI = (1.02, 7.96)]. CONCLUSIONS These analyses suggest that poverty and smoking status are associated with MDD symptoms among black women. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and key factors which influence MDD symptoms are needed in order to develop and create mental health programs targeting women of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndidiamaka N Amutah-Onukagha
- Department of Public Health, College of Education and Human Services, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, UN 4192, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
| | - Lauren A Doamekpor
- The Lewin Group, 3130 Fairview Park Dr #500, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
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Kim D. The associations between US state and local social spending, income inequality, and individual all-cause and cause-specific mortality: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Prev Med 2016; 84:62-8. [PMID: 26607868 PMCID: PMC5766344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate government state and local spending on public goods and income inequality as predictors of the risks of dying. METHODS Data on 431,637 adults aged 30-74 and 375,354 adults aged 20-44 in the 48 contiguous US states were used from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study to estimate the impacts of state and local spending and income inequality on individual risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for leading causes of death in younger and middle-aged adults and older adults. To reduce bias, models incorporated state fixed effects and instrumental variables. RESULTS Each additional $250 per capita per year spent on welfare predicted a 3-percentage point (-0.031, 95% CI: -0.059, -0.0027) lower probability of dying from any cause. Each additional $250 per capita spent on welfare and education predicted 1.6-percentage point (-0.016, 95% CI: -0.031, -0.0011) and 0.8-percentage point (-0.008, 95% CI: -0.0156, -0.00024) lower probabilities of dying from coronary heart disease (CHD), respectively. No associations were found for colon cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; for diabetes, external injury, and suicide, estimates were inverse but modest in magnitude. A 0.1 higher Gini coefficient (higher income inequality) predicted 1-percentage point (0.010, 95% CI: 0.0026, 0.0180) and 0.2-percentage point (0.002, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.002) higher probabilities of dying from CHD and suicide, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Empirical linkages were identified between state-level spending on welfare and education and lower individual risks of dying, particularly from CHD and all causes combined. State-level income inequality predicted higher risks of dying from CHD and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States; EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
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Bashiri H, Rezayof A, Sahebgharani M, Tavangar SM, Zarrindast MR. Modulatory effects of the basolateral amygdala α2-adrenoceptors on nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours of rats in the elevated plus maze. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:478-486. [PMID: 26878830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to clarify whether α2-adrenoceptors of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours. Adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally cannulated in the BLA and anxiety-like behaviours were assessed in an elevated plus maze (EPM) task. Systemic intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of nicotine (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased open arm time (%OAT) and open arm entry (%OAE), indicating the anxiogenic-like effect of nicotine. The activation of the BLA α2-adrenoceptors by the injection of α2-receptor agonist, clonidine (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 μg/rat) into the BLA (intra-BLA) reversed nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours. It is important to note that intra-BLA injection of a higher dose of clonidine (0.5 μg/rat) by itself increased %OAT, but not %OAE which showed an anxiolytic effect of the agonist. On the other hand, intra-BLA injection of different doses of α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (1, 3 and 5 μg/rat) in combination with an ineffective dose of nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) decreased %OAT and %OAE, suggesting a potentiative effect of the antagonist on nicotine response. In addition, intra-BLA injection of the same doses of yohimbine did not alter %OAT and %OAE. Interestingly, intra-BLA injection of yohimbine (0.5 and 1 μg/rat) significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of clonidine on nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours. It should be considered that the drug treatments had no effect on locomotor activity in all experiments. Taken together, it can be concluded that nicotine produces anxiogenic-like behaviours which may be mediated through the BLA α2-adrenoceptor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Bashiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Sahebgharani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; Institute of Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
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Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Reza Roohafza H, Afshar H, Feizi A, Adibi P. Combined Healthy Lifestyle Is Inversely Associated with Psychological Disorders among Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146888. [PMID: 26771311 PMCID: PMC4714833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Joint association of lifestyle-related factors and mental health has been less studied in earlier studies, especially in Middle Eastern countries. This study aimed to examine how combinations of several lifestyle-related factors related to depression and anxiety in a large group of middle-age Iranian population. METHODS In a cross-sectional study on 3363 Iranian adults, a healthy lifestyle score was constructed by the use of data from dietary intakes, physical activity, smoking status, psychological distress and obesity. A dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and other pre-tested questionnaires were used to assess the components of healthy lifestyle score. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied to screen for anxiety and depression. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that individuals with the highest score of healthy lifestyle were 95% less likely to be anxious (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.27) and 96% less likely to be depressed (OR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01-0.15), compared with those with the lowest score. In addition, non-smokers had lower odds of anxiety (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.88) and depression (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.48-0.81) compared with smokers. Individuals with low levels of psychological distress had expectedly lower odds of anxiety (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.10-0.16) and depression (OR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.08-0.12) than those with high levels. Individuals with a healthy diet had 29% lower odds of depression (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) than those with a non-healthy diet. CONCLUSION We found evidence indicating that healthy lifestyle score was associated with lower odds of anxiety and depression in this group of Iranian adults. Healthy diet, psychological distress, and smoking status were independent predictors of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvane Saneei
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Roohafza
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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50
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Hasin DS, Grant BF. The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:1609-40. [PMID: 26210739 PMCID: PMC4618096 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The NESARC, a "third-generation" psychiatric epidemiologic survey that integrated detailed measures of alcohol and drug use and problems has been the data source for over >850 publications. A comprehensive review of NESARC findings and their implications is lacking. METHOD NESARC was a survey of 43,093 participants that covered alcohol, drug and psychiatric disorders, risk factors, and consequences. Wave 1 of the NESARC was conducted in 2001-2002. Three years later, Wave 2 follow-up re-interviews were conducted with 34,653 of the original participants. Scopus and Pubmed were used to search for NESARC papers, which were sorted into topic areas and summarized. RESULT The most common disorders were alcohol and posttraumatic stress disorders, and major depression. Females had more internalizing disorders and males had more externalizing disorders, although the preponderance of males with alcohol disorders (the "gender gap") was less pronounced than it was in previous decades. A race/ethnic "paradox" (lower risk among disadvantaged minorities than whites) remains unexplained. Younger participants had higher risk for substance and personality disorders, but not unipolar depressive or anxiety disorders. Psychiatric comorbidity was extensive and often formed latent trans-diagnostic domains. Since 1991-1992, risk for marijuana and prescription drug disorders increased, while smoking decreased, although smoking decreases were less pronounced among those with comorbidity. A nexus of comorbidity, social support, and stress predicted transitions in diagnostic status between Waves 1 and 2. Childhood maltreatment predicted psychopathology. Alcohol and drug use disorders were seldom treated; attitudinal barriers (little perceived need, perceived alcoholism stigma, pessimism about efficacy) were more important in predicting non-treatment than financial barriers. CONCLUSIONS Understanding comorbidity and the effects of early stressors will require research incorporating biologic components, e.g., genetic variants and brain imaging. The lack of treatment for alcohol and drug disorders, predicted by attitudinal rather than financial variables, suggests an urgent need for public and professional education to reduce the stigma associated with these disorders and increase knowledge of treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bridget F Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3077, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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