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Lund EM, Thomas KB. The Association between Physical and Psychological Domestic Violence Experienced during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3312. [PMID: 36834007 PMCID: PMC9958925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that rates of domestic violence generally increased during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, likely related to mitigation efforts that promoted staying at home and lockdown protocols. However, the link between pandemic-related domestic violence victimization and mental health outcomes has been less explored. The present study examined the possible association between exposure to domestic physical and psychological violence during the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in an online sample of American adults recruited in December 2021. Data from 604 participants were analyzed. Forty-four percent of participants (n = 266) reported experiencing physical domestic violence, psychological domestic violence, or both during the pandemic, with psychological violence more commonly reported than physical violence. Exposure to both forms of violence was associated with higher rates of depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Given the high rates and negative associations between psychological domestic violence and mental health symptoms in this sample, healthcare providers should assess for domestic violence exposure even if no indications of physical abuse are present or if there were not concerns about domestic violence exposure prior to the pandemic. Potential psychological sequalae should also be assessed if a patient has a positive history of domestic violence victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Lund
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology and Counseling, University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870231, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Katie B. Thomas
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, 10 Tri-Park Way, Appleton, WI 54914-1658, USA
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Park J, Park D. Racial disparities in unemployment benefits among U.S. mortgage borrowers during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF HOUSING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT : HBE 2023; 38:1-31. [PMID: 36624828 PMCID: PMC9812739 DOI: 10.1007/s10901-022-10006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article describes racial and ethnic differences in mortgage payment difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines whether disparities exist in the benefits of the unemployment insurance (UI) program. The sample consisted of 80,797 jobless mortgage borrowers who received or waited for UI benefits between August 2020 and May 2022. Considering individual- and state-level variables in multilevel logistic regressions, we examined rates of mortgage delay in the last month and payment concerns about the next month by racial and ethnic group. Minority borrowers were more likely to have a difficulty in paying mortgage than White borrowers. UI recipients-regardless of race and ethnicity-were less likely to experience mortgage difficulties, but the positive unemployment benefit was reduced disproportionately among Blacks. Blacks were also at a higher risk of mortgage difficulties compounded by other pandemic-induced hardships-loss of household, lack of food, and mental illness-even after the receipt of UI. Findings on the intersection between race and ethnicity and UI suggest that pandemic policy interventions should be race conscious and consider the longstanding and systematic barriers experienced by minority mortgage borrowers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10901-022-10006-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHo Park
- Department of Housing and Interior Design (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongha Park
- Department of Urban Planning and Housing, Gyeonggi Research Institute, 1150, Gyeongsu-daero, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi Province 16207 South Korea
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Sainz-Santamaria J, Martinez-Cruz AL. Adaptive governance of urban green spaces across Latin America - Insights amid COVID-19. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2022; 74:127629. [PMID: 35692898 PMCID: PMC9173828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Urban green spaces' well documented role as a hub for physical and mental health was enhanced by restrictions to mobility issued worldwide as a response to COVID-19. In this context, managers of urban green spaces (UGS) were prompted to provide controlled access under impromptu safety protocols. This unprecedented challenge required planning and operational strengths reflecting flexibility, innovation and learning. These management features are essential for an adaptive governance - an underdeveloped research topic within the study of UGS. Using eighteen semi-structured interviews from six countries, we analyze adaptive governance as reflected by UGS managers' responses across Latin America - a region where access to UGS is a matter of public health and of environmental justice. We document responses that can be categorized based on the governance arrangement in place. On one hand, both polycentric and dedicated-management governances have been able to learn through piloting ideas, adapting personnel roles and the function of UGS infrastructure, and adjusting their decision-making process. On the other hand, managers within municipal public services areas - the most prevalent governance arrangement across Latin America - report difficulty to adapt - likely due to their dependence on political will, limited autonomy, insufficient budgets, absence of formal paths to self-funding, shortage of technical know-how, and insufficient citizens' involvement. We discuss implications of UGS adaptive governance in terms of capacity to deal with future public health, climate-related or other types of shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Sainz-Santamaria
- Department of Public Administration, Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas (CIDE), Mexico
| | - Adan L Martinez-Cruz
- Department of Forest Economics and Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
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Setyorini Y, Darmawan RE, Setiawan S. Citizen Compliance to Prevents COVID 19 after Vaccination. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been happening for the past 2 years and makes people bored to follow health protocol. On the other hand, the most effective way to prevent COVID is the health protocol. Vaccines catch people off guard, and there is potential for ignoring health protocols.
AIM: The aim of this study is to describe citizen compliance to prevent COVID-19. Consist of wearing a mask, keep distance, and washing hands.
METHODS: A descriptive studies with 76 respondents that choosing by simple random sampling. Data obtained by means of direct interviews with respondents. Instrument asks to respondent recorded by Google form. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage.
RESULTS: the most participant agree and strongly agree to prevent COVID-19 consists of wearing a mask, keep distance, and washing hands. Only 1 person declare that not agree with her habits to keep distance to other people.
CONCLUSION: Indonesian people have good habits in preventing COVID-19, even though the COVID transmission rate is increasing.
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Carrington K, Morley C, Warren S, Ryan V, Ball M, Clarke J, Vitis L. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Australian domestic and family violence services and their clients. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2021; 56:539-558. [PMID: 34898756 PMCID: PMC8653242 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, reports emerged that lockdowns were increasing the prevalence of domestic and family violence (DFV) in Australia and across the world. The lockdowns and restrictions were necessary to contain the pandemic. However, leaders in the domestic family violence sector expressed concerns early during 2020 that these lockdowns would lead to the escalation of domestic and family violence. Calling it a shadow pandemic, the United Nations Secretary-General urged all governments to prioritise the prevention of violence against women in their national response plan for COVID-19. To gain some insight into the Australian context, a Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Centre for Justice research team conducted a nationwide survey to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on DFV services and their clients. Findings based on survey data from 362 participants from the DFV sector, including 1,507 qualitative responses, confirm the concerns raised early in the COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides an overview of the survey results, discusses the findings in the light of national international research and highlights the resources needed to strengthen the DFV sector in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Carrington
- QUT Centre for JusticeQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane CityQLDAustralia
| | - Christine Morley
- QUT Centre for JusticeQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane CityQLDAustralia
| | - Shane Warren
- QUT Centre for JusticeQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane CityQLDAustralia
| | - Vanessa Ryan
- QUT Centre for JusticeQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane CityQLDAustralia
| | - Matthew Ball
- QUT Centre for JusticeQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane CityQLDAustralia
| | - Jo Clarke
- QUT Centre for JusticeQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane CityQLDAustralia
| | - Laura Vitis
- QUT Centre for JusticeQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane CityQLDAustralia
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Clark D, Jordan R. Recognizing Resilience: Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 on Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. GENDER ISSUES 2021; 39:320-334. [PMID: 34840497 PMCID: PMC8604696 DOI: 10.1007/s12147-021-09292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explores self-reported impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on several facets of IPV survivor well-being, such as mental health, economic stability, food security, and resilience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with survivors of IPV. Qualitative data were collected on variables related to mental health, economic stability, food security, and resilience. The findings of this study suggest that while survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face a variety of challenges posed by COVID-19 (e.g., employment, income, etc.), they identify themselves as resilient. Our findings also show that while survivors of have faced setbacks due to COVID-19, variables such as mental health and well-being have improved. Our findings suggest that while the pandemic has certainly impacted survivors, and included setbacks or delays, survivors have seen improvements in several areas. Our data suggest that these improvements, in the face of difficulties, is because of the overwhelming resilience of survivors.
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Preis H, Mahaffey B, Pati S, Heiselman C, Lobel M. Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Predicted by Prenatal Maternal Stress Among U.S. Women at the COVID-19 Pandemic Onset. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:179-191. [PMID: 33724334 PMCID: PMC7980766 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High stress prenatally contributes to poor maternal and infant well-being. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created substantial stress for pregnant women. PURPOSE To understand whether stress experienced by women pregnant at the beginning of the pandemic was associated with a greater prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS Pregnant women across the USA aged ≥18 years old enrolled in a prospective cohort study during the pandemic onset (T1) in April-May 2020. This report focuses on the 1,367 participants who gave birth prior to July-August 2020 (T2). Hierarchical logistic regression models predicted preterm birth, small for gestational age infants, and unplanned operative delivery from T1 stress, sociodemographic, and medical factors. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic and medical factors, preterm birth was predicted by high prenatal maternal stress, delivering an infant small for gestational age was predicted by interpersonal violence and by stress related to being unprepared for birth due to the pandemic, and unplanned cesarean or operative vaginal delivery was predicted by prenatal appointment alterations, experiencing a major stressful life event, and by stress related to being unprepared for birth due to the pandemic. Independent of these associations, African American women were more likely than other groups to deliver preterm. CONCLUSION Pregnant women who are experiencing high stress during the COVID-19 pandemic are at risk of poorer perinatal outcomes. A longitudinal investigation is critical to determine whether prenatal maternal stress and resulting outcomes have longer-term consequences for the health and well-being of children born in the midst of the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Preis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Brittain Mahaffey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Susmita Pati
- Department of Pediatrics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Heiselman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Marci Lobel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Lettiere-Viana A, Baraldi NG, Carlos DM, Fumincelli L, Costa LCR, Castro PCD. COPING STRATEGIES FOR VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND WOMEN IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL ISOLATION DUE TO COVID-19: SCOPING REVIEW. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2020-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to map the recommendations of the coping strategies for violence against children, adolescents and women in the context of social isolation due to Covid-19. Method: a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute, through a research strategy carried out in the gray literature by the CAPES Portal and in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Institutional Repository for Information Exchange of the Pan American Health Organization. The analysis of the identified material was carried out by three independent reviewers. The extracted data were analyzed and synthesized in narrative form. Results: of the 526 studies found, 59 were kept for review and their content was summarized in six categories: 1) prevention; 2) identification and intervention; 3) continued care; 4) care for the safety and mental health of the professionals; 5) intersectoriality/interdisciplinarity; and 6) special care for vulnerable populations. Conclusion: the services must guarantee continuous, intersectoral and safe care, especially in the context of mental health, as well as community awareness must be promoted. Health professionals must be sensitive and alert to signs of violence, intervening immediately and connected to the safety network.
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Preis H, Mahaffey B, Heiselman C, Lobel M. Vulnerability and resilience to pandemic-related stress among U.S. women pregnant at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2020; 266:113348. [PMID: 32927382 PMCID: PMC7474815 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing moderate to high levels of emotional distress, which has previously been shown to be attributable to two types of pandemic-related pregnancy stress: stress associated with feeling unprepared for birth due to the pandemic (Preparedness Stress) and stress related to fears of perinatal COVID-19 infection (Perinatal Infection Stress). OBJECTIVE Given the well-documented harms associated with elevated prenatal stress and the critical importance of developing appropriately targeted interventions, we investigated factors predictive of pandemic-related pregnancy stress. METHOD Between April 25 and May 15, 2020, 4,451 pregnant women in the U.S. were recruited via social media to complete an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic, medical, and COVID-19 situational factors, as well as the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for high stress. RESULTS Nearly 30% of participants reported high Preparedness Stress; a similar proportion reported high Perinatal Infection Stress. Abuse history, chronic illness, income loss due to the pandemic, perceived risk of having had COVID-19, alterations to prenatal appointments, high-risk pregnancy, and being a woman of color were associated with greater levels of one or both types of stress. Access to outdoor space, older age, and engagement in healthy behaviors were protective against stress. CONCLUSIONS Practices that may alleviate pandemic-related stress such as minimizing disruptions to prenatal care, ensuring access to outdoor space, and motivating engagement in health behaviors are of vital importance. Particular attention is needed for more vulnerable populations including women of color, women with a history of abuse, and those with high-risk pregnancy. Research focused on the short and longer-term impact of pandemic-related pregnancy stress on maternal mental and physical health, perinatal outcomes, and child development is critical to identify these effects and marshal appropriate resources to reduce them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Preis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Brittain Mahaffey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Cassandra Heiselman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Marci Lobel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Castaneda MA, Saygili M. The Effect of Shelter-in-Place Orders on Social Distancing and the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Texas. Front Public Health 2020; 8:596607. [PMID: 33324601 PMCID: PMC7726189 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.596607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We study how the state-wide shelter-in-place order affected social distancing and the number of cases and deaths in Texas. Methods: We use daily data at the county level. The COVID-19 cases and fatalities data are from the New York Times. Social distancing measures are from SafeGraph. Both data are retrieved from the Unfolded Studio website. The county-level COVID-related policy responses are from the National Association of Counties. We use an event-study design and regression analysis to estimate the effect of the state-wide shelter-in-place order on social distancing and the number of cases and deaths. Results: We find that the growth rate of cases and deaths is significantly lower during the policy period when the percentage of the population that stays at home is highest. The crucial question is whether the policy has a causal impact on the sheltering percentages. The fact that some counties in Texas adopted local restrictive policies well before the state-wide policy helps us address this question. We do not find evidence that this top-down restrictive policy increased the percentage of the population that exercised social distancing. Discussion: Shelter-in-place policies are more effective at the local level and should go along with efforts to inform and update the public about the potential consequences of the disease and its current state in their localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Castaneda
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Meryem Saygili
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
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