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Costello M, Vishwamitra N, Liao S, Cheng L, Luo F, Hu H. COVID-19 and Sinophobia: Detecting Warning Signs of Radicalization on Twitter and Reddit. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:546-553. [PMID: 37462919 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Hate crimes and hateful rhetoric targeting individuals of Asian descent have increased since the outbreak of COVID-19. These troubling trends have heightened concerns about the role of the Internet in facilitating radicalization. This article explores the existence of three warning signs of radicalization-fixation, group identification, and energy bursts-using data from Twitter and Reddit. Data were collected before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 to assess the role of the pandemic in affecting social media behavior. Using computational social science and Natural Language Processing techniques, we looked for signs of radicalization targeting China or Chinese individuals. Results show that fixation on the terms China and Chinese increased on Twitter and Reddit after the pandemic began. Moreover, tweets and posts containing either of these terms became more hateful, offensive, and negative after the outbreak. We also found evidence of individuals identifying more closely with a particular group, or adopting an "us vs. them" mentality, after the outbreak of COVID-19. These findings were especially prominent in subreddits catering to self-identified Republicans and Conservatives. Finally, we detected bursts of activity on Twitter and Reddit following the start of the pandemic. These warning signs suggest COVID-19 may have had a radicalizing effect on some social media users. This work is important because it not only shows the potential radicalizing effect of the pandemic, but also demonstrates the ability to detect warning signs of radicalization on social media. This is critical, as detecting warning signs of radicalization can potentially help curb hate-fueled violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Costello
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nishant Vishwamitra
- Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Song Liao
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Long Cheng
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hongxin Hu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York, USA
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2
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Cheah CSL, Ren H, Zong X, Wang C. COVID-19 Racism and Chinese American Families' Mental Health: A Comparison between 2020 and 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085437. [PMID: 37107719 PMCID: PMC10138552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study compared rates of multiple forms of COVID-19 racism-related discrimination experiences, fear/worries, and their associations with mental health indices among Chinese American parents and youth between 2020 and 2021. Chinese American parents of 4- to 18-year-old children and a subsample of their 10- to 18-year-old adolescents completed surveys in 2020 and 2021. A high percentage of Chinese American parents and their children continued to experience or witness anti-Chinese/Asian racism both online and in person in 2021. Parents and youth experienced less vicarious discrimination in person but more direct discrimination (both online and in person) and reported poorer mental health in 2021 than in 2020. Associations with mental health were stronger in 2021 than in 2020 for parents' and/or youth's vicarious discrimination experiences, perceptions of Sinophobia, and government-related worries, but weaker only for parents' direct discrimination experiences. The spillover effect from parents' vicarious discrimination experiences and Sinophobia perceptions to all youth mental health indices were stronger in 2021 than in 2020. Chinese American families experienced high rates of racial discrimination across multiple dimensions, and the detrimental impacts on their mental health were still salient in the second year of the pandemic. Vicarious and collective racism may have even stronger negative impacts on mental health and well-being later in the pandemic. Decreasing health disparities for Chinese Americans and other communities of color requires extensive, long-term national efforts to eliminate structural aspects of racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa S. L. Cheah
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-455-5755
| | - Huiguang Ren
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zong
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Cixin Wang
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Higher Education and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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3
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Liu S, Liu Y, Guo M, Wang R, Sun Q, Zhu R. Formation mechanism and governance strategies of stigma in public health emergencies: Based on event system theory. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1067693. [PMID: 36711340 PMCID: PMC9874323 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1067693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic across the world, it is critical to propose effective strategies for stigma governance in public health emergencies in order to reduce negative effects caused by stigma. However, no known research has focused on the essential role of events in understanding stigma phenomenon from the perspective of external dynamic changes. Methods Based on the event system theory, this paper analyzes the evolution mode and characteristics of specific events in the process of stigmatization from strength, space and time aspects, and taking COVID-19 event as an example, 1202 questionnaires and empirical analysis were conducted. Results and discussion Our results reveal that event strength directly affects the results of stigmatization, and such impact appears to be more prominent with a novel, disruptive and critical event. In addition, spatial and temporal attributes represent the dynamic development of an event, and they can interact with event strength to regulate the relationship between event strength and outcomes. Finally, stigma governance strategies under public health emergencies from three aspects of event strength, space, and time were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Liu
- Management College, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Economic Management, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, China
| | - Qiong Sun
- Management College, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Qiong Sun ✉
| | - Rong Zhu
- Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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4
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Mavridis C, Aidonidis G, Evangelou M, Kalogeridis A. Mandatory vaccinations, the segregation of citizens, and the promotion of inequality in the modern democracy of Greece and other democratic countries in the era of COVID-19. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 44:72. [PMID: 36477872 PMCID: PMC9734873 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Greek authorities enforced a vaccination mandate for healthcare workers (HCWs). At the same time, multiple concerns were raised about the epidemiological profile of Greece in addition to the ethical status of the harsh measures and their impact on employees, organizations, society, and public health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), considerations regarding the evidence of vaccine safety and effectiveness, necessity, and proportionality should be clearly evaluated by before imposing mandatory vaccination policies. We discuss the issues regarding the mechanics of the transmission and contraction of SARS-CoV-2, the toxicity of COVID-19 vaccines, and the impact of the suspension of HCWs who did not vaccinate versus the potential expected benefits in addition to whether the vaccine mandates were justified considering the overall epidemiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Athanasios Kalogeridis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloníki, Greece
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Marfo EA, Fernandez-Sanchez H, Annor BOH. Challenges of undocumented immigrants in Canada and the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION, HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijmhsc-07-2020-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Pandemics pose challenges to all groups of people and all aspects of human lives. Undocumented migrants are likely to face more challenges during global pandemics. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible challenges of undocumented immigrants in Canada and the USA in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
From existing literature, the authors examined the challenges of undocumented migrants in Canada and the USA and suggested recommendations to address those challenges at both policy and national levels.
Findings
The undocumented status of some international immigrants makes them vulnerable in their host nations. They face myriad challenges in their host countries, spanning from economic, health, social isolation and employment challenges, and these are further exacerbated during pandemics such as the ongoing COVID-19. The provision of culturally sensitive and safe policies may support this particular population, especially in times of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Originality/value
This paper provides critical insights into the possible intersections that worsen the vulnerability of undocumented migrants in pandemic crises like COVID-19. Further, this review serves to initiate the discourse on policy and interventions for undocumented immigrants during pandemics or disease outbreaks.
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Cheng J, Tsoh JY, Guan A, Luu M, Nguyen IV, Tan R, Thao C, Yu E, Lor D, Pham M, Choi J, Kim M, Stewart SL, Burke NJ. Engaging Asian American Communities During the COVID-19 Era Tainted With Anti-Asian Hate and Distrust. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S864-S868. [PMID: 36108257 PMCID: PMC9707711 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Cheng
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Janice Y Tsoh
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Alice Guan
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Michelle Luu
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Isabel V Nguyen
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Rose Tan
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Chia Thao
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Edgar Yu
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Dao Lor
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Mai Pham
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - JiWon Choi
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Minji Kim
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Susan L Stewart
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
| | - Nancy J Burke
- Joyce Cheng and Rose Tan are with the Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA. Janice Y. Tsoh, Isabel V. Nguyen, and Edgar Yu are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Alice Guan is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michelle Luu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Chia Thao and Nancy J. Burke are with the Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, & Arts, University of California, Merced. Dao Lor is with The Fresno Center, Fresno, CA. Mai Pham is with the Immigrant Resettlement and Cultural Center, Inc, San Jose, CA. JiWon Choi is with the Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco. Minji Kim is with the Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Susan L. Stewart is with the Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis
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Pahl K, Wang J, Sanichar N, Williams S, Nick GA, Wang L, Lekas HM. Anti-Asian Attitudes in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: an Exploratory Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022:10.1007/s40615-022-01376-6. [PMID: 35913546 PMCID: PMC9341418 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this paper was to measure if people with greater “structural literacy,” as indicated by greater awareness of racial and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 impact, would hold fewer negative attitudes against those perceived to be Asian in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A survey was administered between April and August 2020 to participants from two longitudinal cohorts in New York State. The survey assessed anti-Asian attitudes relating to COVID-19, awareness of racial and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19, residential location, socioeconomic status, and other demographic information. The sample included 233 Black, Latinx, and White midlife adults from urban, suburban, and rural New York neighborhoods. Multivariable regression modeling was used to assess associations between COVID-19 disparities awareness, an indicator of structural literacy, and anti-Asian attitudes, adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, residential location, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Results Greater awareness of disparities in COVID-19 was associated with lower levels of anti-Asian attitudes after adjustment (adj-slope = − 0.358, p < 0.001). Conclusion Greater structural literacy, as measured by awareness of socioeconomic and racial disparities in COVID-19 impact, was associated with fewer anti-Asian attitudes among Black, Latinx, and White adults. Implications Increasing structural literacy may reduce anti-Asian attitudes that motivate harmful acts against oppressed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Pahl
- Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Wang
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Navin Sanichar
- Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Sharifa Williams
- Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Gilbert A Nick
- Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen-Maria Lekas
- Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Rahman MM, Rahaman MS. Psychological status of mass people in the capital city of Bangladesh during COVID-19: Do home quarantine challenges matter? JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2090-2103. [PMID: 34866196 PMCID: PMC9015609 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the impact of home quarantine challenges on the psychological status of mass people during Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in the capital city (Dhaka) of Bangladesh. A highly organized questionnaire was created in "Google Form" and given to respondents at random via multiple social media sites, including WhatsApp, LinkedIn, and Messenger. However, a sample size of 208 people was taken and analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Analysis of a Moment Structures software. Analysis showed that home quarantine challenges are positively related to the psychological status and home quarantine challenges have a significant impact on psychological status during COVID-19. In Bangladesh, the major challenges to home quarantine are lack of consciousness, lack of medical support, and the possibility of losing their current jobs. This study provides insight into the challenges of home quarantine and the psychological status of Bangladeshi people. The findings may be helpful for policymakers in identifying necessary measures to overcome these challenges. Only Dhaka division was taken out of seven divisions in Bangladesh to conduct this study, which might be difficult to generalize the findings of this study. Thus, in the future, it is suggested that more respondents from other divisions need to be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Business AdministrationMetropolitan UniversitySylhetBangladesh
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Gonçalves SDO, Luz TMD, Silva AM, de Souza SS, Montalvão MF, Guimarães ATB, Ahmed MAI, Araújo APDC, Karthi S, Malafaia G. Can spike fragments of SARS-CoV-2 induce genomic instability and DNA damage in the guppy, Poecilia reticulate? An unexpected effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153988. [PMID: 35192827 PMCID: PMC8857768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The identification of SARS-CoV-2 particles in wastewater and freshwater ecosystems has raised concerns about its possible impacts on non-target aquatic organisms. In this particular, our knowledge of such impacts is still limited, and little attention has been given to this issue. Hence, in our study, we aimed to evaluate the possible induction of mutagenic (via micronucleus test) and genotoxic (via single cell gel electrophoresis assay, comet assay) effects in Poecilia reticulata adults exposed to fragments of the Spike protein of the new coronavirus at the level of 40 μg/L, denominated PSPD-2002. As a result, after 10 days of exposure, we have found that animals exposed to the peptides demonstrated an increase in the frequency of erythrocytic nuclear alteration (ENA) and all parameters assessed in the comet assay (length tail, %DNA in tail and Olive tail moment), suggesting that PSPD-2002 peptides were able to cause genomic instability and erythrocyte DNA damage. Besides, these effects were significantly correlated with the increase in lipid peroxidation processes [inferred by the high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA)] reported in the brain and liver of P. reticulata and with the reduction of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Thus, our study constitutes a new insight and promising investigation into the toxicity associated with the dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 peptide fragments in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy de Oliveira Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiarlen Marinho da Luz
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Abner Marcelino Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Sindoval Silva de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Monomania Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, GO, Brazil.
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10
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Islam JY, Awan I, Kapadia F. Social Engagement and Mental Health Symptoms Across Asian American Ethnic Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ethn Dis 2022; 32:131-144. [PMID: 35497396 DOI: 10.18865/ed.32.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine social engagement and mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic across Asian American (AA) ethnic groups. Methods Data from three waves of the nationally representative COVID-19 Household Impact Survey (4/20/2020-6/8/2020) were used to describe social engagement and mental health symptoms during the pandemic. Associations between mental health and social engagement were assessed via multinomial logistic regression. Results In this sample of 312 AAs (36.9% Chinese American, 30.9% South Asian American, 20.1% Filipino/Vietnamese American, and 12.0% Japanese/Korean American), daily communication with neighbors declined for Chinese, South Asian and Filipino/Vietnamese Americans but increased for Japanese/Korean Americans (P=.012) whereas communication with friends/family increased only for Filipino/Vietnamese, Japanese/Korean and South Asian Americans (P<0.001). Differences in self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and hopelessness were observed across AA ethnic groups. In adjusted models, lower social engagement was associated with frequent (3-4 days/week) depressive symptoms during the preceding week (cOR:3.26, 95%CI:1.01-10.5). This association was heightened for Asian men (cOR:14.22, 95%CI:3.62-55.8). Conclusions Heterogeneity of social engagement and mental health symptoms across AA ethnicities was observed. Understanding associations between social engagement and mental health within different communities is necessary to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate mental health treatment and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Islam
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Iman Awan
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Farzana Kapadia
- Grossman School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York City, NY
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11
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Chandran N, Vinuprasad V G, Sreedevi C, Sathiadevan S, Deepak K S. COVID-19-related Stigma Among the Affected Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study From Kerala, India. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:279-284. [PMID: 35656434 PMCID: PMC9125476 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221086983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The studies and case reports from various parts of the world are showing discrimination and stigma associated with COVID-19. Stigma can directly worsen the mental health of people and also worsen physical health indirectly. This study is aimed to assess the anticipatory and experienced stigma associated with COVID-19 in affected individuals. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Palakkad District in Kerala. Study participants were patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The sampling method was convenience sampling and snowball sampling. COVID-19 Related Stigma Survey Questionnaire was prepared by experts from the field of Psychiatry and Community Medicine. The responses were collected via an online survey and telephonic interview. RESULTS Among the total participants (N=303) 119 participants (39.3%) wanted to keep the illness a secret. Eighty-one participants (26.7%) had fear of discrimination from others. Eighty-nine participants (29.4%) had experienced stigma related to their COVID-19 infection. Seventy-five (24.8%) participants' family members had experienced stigma. Few stigma parameters were significantly higher among the younger people. The participants belonging to the below poverty line category and the participants with lesser education showed significantly more worry about rejoining society after the isolation. Below poverty line category also had significantly more worry about discrimination towards their family members. Participants with lower education had significantly more worry about affecting their job due to the illness. Health care workers had significantly high worry regarding others attitudes towards them. CONCLUSION There is a high level of stigma associated with COVID-19 in society. Definite measures need to be taken to reduce the stigma related to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Chandran
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Vinuprasad V G
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sreedevi C
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sajal Sathiadevan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Deepak K S
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
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12
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Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Portugal in Times of Pandemic Crisis. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11050184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last two years, the pandemic has dominated the public attention and debate around the world, centering on socio-economic aspects and having camouflaged other social, cultural and even environmental issues. This study sought to analyze ethno-racial discrimination processes, identifying significant events in Portugal during the period of the current global crisis. We utilized document analysis of national and international reports produced in the last five years, complementing with secondary statistical data and the analysis of online news and users’ comments published in national media during the last two years. The results show that, although there has been a development in Portuguese legislation and in anti-discrimination measures, there has been an increase in racist and xenophobic phenomena in Portugal. Citizens’ perceptions, indicators and reports from official bodies show evidence of discriminatory behavior. Additionally, within this framework, we see a greater political presence of extreme right-wing movements, as well as an increase in hate speech in online news comments. Thus, although there is an awareness of the seriousness of these phenomena, there is an urgent need for actions against racial and ethnic intolerance and greater effective measures for ideological crimes.
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13
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Yi SS, Kwon SC, Suss R, Ðoàn LN, John I, Islam NS, Trinh-Shevrin C. The Mutually Reinforcing Cycle Of Poor Data Quality And Racialized Stereotypes That Shapes Asian American Health. Health Aff (Millwood) 2022; 41:296-303. [PMID: 35130076 PMCID: PMC9942602 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Asian American health narrative reflects a long history of structural racism in the US and the complex interplay of racialized history, immigrant patterns, and policies regarding Asians in the US. Yet owing to systematic issues in data collection including missing or misclassified data for Asian Americans and practices that lead to indiscriminate grouping of unlike individuals (for example, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Bangladeshi) together in data systems and pervasive stereotypes of Asian Americans, the drivers and experiences of health disparities experienced by these diverse groups remain unclear. The perpetual exclusion and misrepresentation of Asian American experiences in health research is exacerbated by three racialized stereotypes-the model minority, healthy immigrant effect, and perpetual foreigner-that fuel scientific and societal perceptions that Asian Americans do not experience health disparities. This codifies racist biases against the Asian American population in a mutually reinforcing cycle. In this article we describe the poor-quality data infrastructure and biases on the part of researchers and public health professionals, and we highlight examples from the health disparities literature. We provide recommendations on how to implement systems-level change and educational reform to infuse racial equity in future policy and practice for Asian American communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella S Yi
- Stella S. Yi , NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Rachel Suss
- Rachel Suss, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Lan N Ðoàn
- Lan N. Ðoàn, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Iyanrick John
- Iyanrick John, California State University, Hayward, California
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14
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Chen WT, Lee FR, Yamada P. Asian Americans suffer within-community discrimination related to COVID-19. Nurs Outlook 2022; 70:688-690. [PMID: 35902313 PMCID: PMC9159973 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Corresponding author: Wei-Ti Chen, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Franco R. Lee
- Palos Verdes Peninsula High School, Palos Verdes, CA
| | - Poy Yamada
- School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, CA
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15
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Abstract
In several countries, governments have implemented so-called ‘COVID passport’ schemes, which restrict access to venues such as bars or sports events to those who are vaccinated against COVID-19 and/or exempt vaccinated individuals from public health measures such as curfews or quarantine requirements. These schemes have been the subject of a heated debate. Concerns about inequality have played an important role in the opposition to such schemes. This article highlights that determining how COVID passports affect equality requires a much more nuanced analysis than is typically assumed. I identify a range of broadly egalitarian considerations that could be affected by the introduction of COVID passport schemes. While these schemes could undermine certain aspects of equality, I argue that they could also be used to promote equality. The magnitude and severity of these different effects, both promoting and undermining equality, depend on how precisely these schemes are framed and the local context in which they are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Voigt
- Corresponding author: Kristin Voigt, Institute for Health and Social Policy and Department of Philosophy, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada;
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16
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Gao Z. Sinophobia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Identity, Belonging, and International Politics. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2021; 56:472-490. [PMID: 34604946 PMCID: PMC8487805 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-021-09659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In many countries, Sinophobia or discrimination against Chinese has taken place amid the Covid-19 pandemic. While this wave of Sinophobia is popularly understood to be based on a stereotypical association of Chinese with coronavirus, I argue that at a time of international tensions surrounding China, political antipathy toward China and Chinese matters as well. Thus, there is a phenomenon of "triple conflation" in which the health, racial, and political/national statuses of Chinese people become intermingled. In this study, I examine this triple conflation based on dozens of select cases covering Sinophobic actions of governments, politicians, media, businesses and lay persons in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Western Europe. My study consists of three parts using three respective interdisciplinary approaches. First, using a sociological approach, I argue that the racial and national statuses of Chinese are both, and sometimes interchangeably, used as identity markers for implementing containment, a public health measure that easily leads to stigmatization. Second, using a discursive approach, I examine how political claims unfavorable to China/Chinese are constructed in discussions of the pandemic. Third, using an interpretive approach, I analyze how Covid bio-political metaphors present certain imaginaries depicting Chinese as suspicious bio-political subjects. These three parts are unified in my analysis of the geopolitics of belonging, in which Chinese people's rights to certain social and physical spaces are contested sometimes thorough administrative means (such as travel restriction) and sometimes through mental representations (such as the imagination of Chinese as alien).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Gao
- Department of Psychology, Health and Gender, The American University of Paris, Paris, France.
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17
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Smith LE, Potts HWW, Amlȏt R, Fear NT, Michie S, Rubin GJ. Holding a stigmatizing attitude at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional survey. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 27:588-604. [PMID: 34606149 PMCID: PMC8646234 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the prevalence of a stigmatizing attitude towards people of Chinese origin at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK population and investigate factors associated with holding the stigmatizing attitude. DESIGN Online cross-sectional survey conducted 10-13 February 2020 (n = 2006, people aged 16 years or over and living in the UK). METHODS We asked participants to what extent they agreed it was best to avoid areas heavily populated by Chinese people because of the COVID-19 outbreak. Survey materials also asked about: worry, perceived risk, knowledge, information receipt, perception of government response to COVID-19, and personal characteristics. We ran binary logistic regressions to investigate associations between holding a stigmatizing attitude, personal characteristics, and psychological and contextual factors. RESULTS 26.1% people (95% CI 24.2-28.0%, n = 524/2006) agreed it was best to avoid areas heavily populated by Chinese people. Holding a stigmatizing attitude was associated with greater worry about COVID-19, greater perceived risk of COVID-19, and poorer knowledge about COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large percentage of the UK public endorsed avoiding areas in the UK heavily populated by people of Chinese origin. This attitude was associated with greater worry about, and perceived risk of, the COVID-19 outbreak as well as poorer knowledge about COVID-19. At the start of future novel infectious disease outbreaks, proactive communications from official sources should provide context and facts to reduce uncertainty and challenge stigmatizing attitudes, to minimize harms to affected communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Smith
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, UK
| | - Henry W W Potts
- University College London, Institute of Health Informatics, UK
| | - Richard Amlȏt
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, UK.,Emergency Response Department Science and Technology, Public Health England, Behavioural Science Team, UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK.,Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's Centre for Military Health Research, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, UK
| | - G James Rubin
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, UK
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18
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“Divide, Divert, & Conquer” Deconstructing the Presidential Framing of White Supremacy in the COVID-19 Era. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10080280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the analysis of President Donald J. Trump’s social media, along with excerpts from his speeches and press releases, this study sheds light on the framing of white supremacy during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Our findings reveal that the triad of divide, divert, and conquer was crucial to Trump’s communications strategy. We argue that racist nativism—or racialized national threats to American security—is key to comprehending the external divisiveness in this strategy. When Trump bitterly cast China as the cause of America’s pandemic fallout and Mexico as the source of other key American problems (i.e., crime and low-paid jobs for U.S.-born Americans), he sowed clear racialized divisions between the United States (U.S.). and these two nations. We further argue that nativist racism—or the framing of descendants from those nations as incapable of ever being American—is key to comprehending the internal divisiveness in the former President’s pandemic rhetoric. Trump’s framing of China and Mexico as enemies of America further found its culprits in Asian and Latino Americans who were portrayed as COVID-19 carriers. Trump’s narrative was ultimately geared to diverting attention from his administration’s mishandling of COVID-19, the dismal structural conditions faced by detained and undocumented Latinos, and the anti-Asian bias faced by some of his Asian American constituents. In the conclusions, this article makes a call for countering white supremacy by developing comparative approaches that pay more attention to how different racisms play out for different groups.
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19
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Mukumbang FC. Pervasive systemic drivers underpin COVID-19 vulnerabilities in migrants. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:146. [PMID: 34158073 PMCID: PMC8217782 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented foreign nationals have always been identified as a vulnerable population owing to the longstanding structural barriers and inequalities that they continually face. Their vulnerabilities have become more conspicuous and exacerbated since the advent of the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The plights of these migrants around the world, in the COVID-19 era, are therefore underpinned by not-so-new but enforced, re-emerging and adapting pre-existing systemic inequality drivers. Long-standing and pre-existing systemic drivers such as nationalism and anti-migrant or xenophobic stigma, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, have metamorphosed into COVID-19 nationalism and COVID-19-related xenophobic stigma respectively, fomenting discriminatory and segregation-laden policies and programmes. Transformative changes of asylum policies taking holistic and systematic perspectives while fostering the involvement of migrants in government planning and policy processes to redesign better policies are required to tackle the pervasive systemic drivers that underpin COVID-19 vulnerabilities in the identified migrant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand C Mukumbang
- Department of Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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20
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Yeh MC, Tung HJ. Stigma Is Associated With Widening Health Inequities: Challenges From the Current COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:1022-1023. [PMID: 33950725 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chin Yeh
- Ming-Chin Yeh is with the School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York. Ho-Jui Tung is with the Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Ho-Jui Tung
- Ming-Chin Yeh is with the School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York. Ho-Jui Tung is with the Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
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