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Kaliniak S, Fiedoruk K, Spałek J, Piktel E, Durnaś B, Góźdź S, Bucki R, Okła S. Remodeling of Paranasal Sinuses Mucosa Functions in Response to Biofilm-Induced Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1295-1323. [PMID: 38434581 PMCID: PMC10906676 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS) inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. CRS is a heterogeneous condition characterized by distinct inflammatory patterns (endotypes) and phenotypes associated with the presence (CRSwNP) or absence (CRSsNP) of nasal polyps. Mucosal barrier and mucociliary clearance dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and tissue remodeling are the hallmarks of CRS. However, the underlying factors, their priority, and the mechanisms of inflammatory responses remain unclear. Several hypotheses have been proposed that link CRS etiology and pathogenesis with host (eg, "immune barrier") and exogenous factors (eg, bacterial/fungal pathogens, dysbiotic microbiota/biofilms, or staphylococcal superantigens). The abnormal interplay between these factors is likely central to the pathophysiology of CRS by triggering compensatory immune responses. Here, we discuss the role of the sinonasal microbiota in CRS and its biofilms in the context of mucosal zinc (Zn) deficiency, serving as a possible unifying link between five host and "bacterial" hypotheses of CRS that lead to sinus mucosa remodeling. To date, no clear correlation between sinonasal microbiota and CRS has been established. However, the predominance of Corynebacteria and Staphylococci and their interspecies relationships likely play a vital role in the formation of the CRS-associated microbiota. Zn-mediated "nutritional immunity", exerted via calprotectin, alongside the dysregulation of Zn-dependent cellular processes, could be a crucial microbiota-shaping factor in CRS. Similar to cystic fibrosis (CF), the role of SPLUNC1-mediated regulation of mucus volume and pH in CRS has been considered. We complement the biofilms' "mechanistic" and "mucin" hypotheses behind CRS pathogenesis with the "structural" one - associated with bacterial "corncob" structures. Finally, microbiota restoration approaches for CRS prevention and treatment are reviewed, including pre- and probiotics, as well as Nasal Microbiota Transplantation (NMT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Spałek
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
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Liu Y, Cao L, Liu J, Zhang Z, Fan P, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Gu Y, Li Q, Xiong Y. Increased Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression and Reduced Anxiety-Like Behavior Following Tuina in a Rat Model With Allergic Airway Inflammation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2022; 45:586-594. [PMID: 37294215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the influence mechanism of Tuina on anxiety-like behavior in immature rats with allergic airway inflammation (AAI). METHODS A total of 27 Sprague-Dawley male rats (aged ∼5 weeks) were divided randomly into control, AAI, and AAI with Tuina groups (9 rats per group). The anxiety-like behavior was assessed by an open field test and elevated plus-maze test. Allergic airway inflammation was assessed based on the pathological score of the lung, plasma ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E, interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) messenger RNA and protein expression in the hippocampus and lung were detected by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Meanwhile, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) messenger RNA in the hypothalamus, the plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone were also determined respectively by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) function. RESULTS The AAI group had obvious anxiety-like behavior and hyperactive HPA axis, along with decreased GR expression in the hippocampus and lung. Following Tuina, AAI and the anxiety-like behavior were efficiently reduced, and the hyperactivity of HPA axis was efficiently inhibited, along with enhanced GR expression in the hippocampus and lung. CONCLUSION Glucocorticoid receptor expression in the hippocampus and lung was enhanced, and anxiety-like behavior was reduced following Tuina in rats with AAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaPing Liu
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - LiYue Cao
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Pediatric Massage Department, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZhongYuan Zhang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pu Fan
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Massage Department, Huai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - ShuYing Zhang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Czerwaty K, Piszczatowska K, Brzost J, Ludwig N, Szczepański MJ, Dżaman K. Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102361. [PMID: 36292050 PMCID: PMC9600442 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity diseases, genetic dysfunctions, and immunodeficiency. Additionally, air pollution leads increased severity of symptoms. CRS is a heterogeneous group of sinus diseases with different clinical courses and response to treatment. Immunological pathways vary depending on the endotype or genotype of the patient. The recent knowledge expansion into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRS is leading to a steadily increasing significance of precision medicine in the treatment of CRS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the immunological aspects of CRS, which are essential for ensuring more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czerwaty
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Brzost
- The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mirosław J. Szczepański
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Müller WEG, Wang X, Neufurth M, Schröder HC. Polyphosphate in Antiviral Protection: A Polyanionic Inorganic Polymer in the Fight Against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Infection. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 61:145-189. [PMID: 35697940 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-01237-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyanions as polymers carrying multiple negative charges have been extensively studied with regard to their potential antiviral activity. Most studies to date focused on organic polyanionic polymers, both natural and synthetic. The inorganic polymer, polyphosphate (polyP), despite the ubiquitous presence of this molecule from bacteria to man, has attracted much less attention. More recently, and accelerated by the search for potential antiviral agents in the fight against the pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, it turned out that polyP disrupts the first step of the viral replication cycle, the interaction of the proteins in the virus envelope and in the cell membrane that are involved in the docking process of the virus with the target host cell. Experiments on a molecular level using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor revealed that polyP strongly inhibits the binding reaction through an electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged centers of the polyP molecule and a cationic groove, which is formed by positively charged amino acids on the RBD surface. In addition, it was found that polyP, due to its morphogenetic and energy delivering activities, enhances the antiviral host innate immunity defense of the respiratory epithelium. The underlying mechanisms and envisaged application of polyP in the therapy and prevention of COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Hong JY, Kim MN, Kim EG, Lee JW, Kim HR, Kim SY, Lee SM, Kim YH, Kim KW, Sohn MH. Clusterin Deficiency Exacerbates Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Cells 2021; 10:944. [PMID: 33921872 PMCID: PMC8073575 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high oxygen concentrations leads to generation of excessive reactive oxygen species, causing cellular injury and multiple organ dysfunctions and is associated with a high mortality rate. Clusterin (CLU) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that mediates several intracellular signaling pathways, including cell death and inflammation. However, the role of CLU in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is unknown. Wild-type (WT) and CLU-deficient mice and cultured human airway epithelial cells were used. Changes in cell death- and inflammation-related molecules with or without hyperoxia exposure in cells and animals were determined. Hyperoxia induced an increase in CLU expression in mouse lungs and human airway epithelial cells. Mice lacking CLU had increased HALI and mortality rate compared with WT mice. In vitro, CLU-disrupted cells showed enhanced release of cytochrome c, Bax translocation, cell death and inflammatory cytokine expression. However, treatment with recombinant CLU attenuated hyperoxia-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses revealed metabolic pathways, hematopoietic cell lineage, response to stress and localization and regulation of immune system that were differentially regulated between WT and CLU-/- mice. These results demonstrate that prolonged hyperoxia-induced lung injury is associated with CLU expression and that CLU replenishment may alleviate hyperoxia-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine,134 Sinchon-Dong, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (M.N.K.); (E.G.K.); (J.W.L.); (H.R.K.); (S.Y.K.); (S.M.L.); (Y.H.K.); (K.W.K.)
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Xu X, Li Q, Li L, Zeng M, Zhou X, Cheng Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress/XBP1 promotes airway mucin secretion under the influence of neutrophil elastase. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:81. [PMID: 33760106 PMCID: PMC7979262 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important reaction of airway epithelial cells in response to various stimuli, and may also be involved in the mucin secretion process. In the present study, the effect of ER stress on neutrophil elastase (NE)-induced mucin (MUC)5AC production in human airway epithelial cells was explored. 16HBE14o-airway epithelial cells were cultured and pre-treated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or the ER stress chemical inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), or the cells were transfected with inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) small interfering RNA (siRNA) or X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) siRNA, respectively, and subsequently incubated with NE. The results obtained revealed that NE increased ROS production in the 16HBE14o-cells, with marked increases in the levels of ER stress-associated proteins, such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (pPERK) and phosphorylated (p)IRE1α. The protein and mRNA levels of spliced XBP1 were also increased, and the level of MUC5AC protein was notably increased. The ROS scavenger NAC and ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA were found to reduce ER stress-associated protein expression and MUC5AC production and secretion. Further analyses revealed that MUC5AC secretion was also attenuated by IRE1α and XBP1 siRNAs, accompanied by a decreased mRNA expression of spliced XBP1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NE induces ER stress by promoting ROS production in 16HBE14o-airway epithelial cells, leading to increases in MUC5AC protein production and secretion via the IRE1α and XBP1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shinan, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Man Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhong Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shinan, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
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Reduced Expression of Antimicrobial Protein Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor and Clusterin in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:1057186. [PMID: 33506054 PMCID: PMC7810533 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1057186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) constitute the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms in the airway. The association between AMPs and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) requires further investigations. This study is aimed at investigating the expression and regulation of major dysregulated AMPs in the nasal mucosa of CRSwNP. Methods The expression of AMPs was analyzed in nasal tissue from patients with eosinophilic (E) CRSwNP and nonECRSwNP and healthy subjects using RNA sequencing. The 10 most abundant AMPs expressed differentially in CRSwNP patients were verified by real-time PCR, and of these, the expression and regulation of secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) and clusterin (CLU) were investigated further. Results The 10 most abundant AMPs expressed differentially in CRSwNP compared to healthy control, regardless of subtypes, included BPIFA1, BPIFB1, BPIFB2, CLU, LTF, LYZ, and SLPI, which were downregulated, and S100A8, S100A9, and HIST1H2BC, which were upregulated. ELISA and immunofluorescence confirmed the decreased expression of SLPI and CLU levels in CRSwNP. SLPI is expressed in both nasal epithelial cells and glandular cells, whereas CLU is mainly expressed in glandular cells. AB/PAS staining further demonstrated that both SLPI and CLU were mainly produced by mucous cells in submucosal glands. Furthermore, the numbers of submucosal glands were significantly decreased in nasal polyp tissue of CRSwNP compared to nasal tissue of controls. SLPI was downregulated by TGF-β1 and IL-4 in cultured nasal tissues in vitro, while CLU expression was inhibited by TGF-β1. Glucocorticoid treatment for 2 weeks significantly increased the expression of all downregulated AMPs, but not LYZ. Additionally, budesonide significantly increased the expression of SLPI and CLU in cultured nasal tissues. Conclusion The expression of major antimicrobial proteins is significantly decreased in nasal tissue of CRSwNP. The expression of SLPI and CLU is correlated with the numbers of submucosal glands and regulated by inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids.
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Oh GS, Yoon J, Kim G, Kim GH, Kim DS, Choi B, Chang EJ, Lee ES, Kim SW. Regulation of adipocyte differentiation by clusterin-mediated Krüppel-like factor 5 stabilization. FASEB J 2020; 34:16276-16290. [PMID: 33078455 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000551rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein involved in a range of biological processes. We investigated the function of CLU as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. CLU expression increased during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. CLU overexpression promoted adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes and increased the mRNA levels of adipogenic markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (Cebpa). Conversely, knockdown of CLU attenuated adipogenesis and reduced transcript levels of Pparg and Cebpa. However, the promoter activities of both the Pparg and the Cebpa gene were not affected by alteration of CLU expression on its own. Additionally, the protein level of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), an upstream transcription factor of Pparg and Cebpa involved in adipogenic differentiation, was upregulated by CLU overexpression, although the mRNA level of Klf5 was not altered by changes in the expression level of CLU. Cycloheximide chase assay showed that the increased level of KLF5 by CLU overexpression was due to decreased degradation of KLF5 protein. Interestingly, CLU increased the stability of KLF5 by decreasing KLF5 ubiquitination. CLU inhibited the interaction between KLF5 and F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets KLF5. The adipogenic role of CLU was also addressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Clu-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, CLU enhanced KLF5-mediated transcriptional activation of both the Cebpa and the Pparg promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that CLU is a novel regulator of adipocyte differentiation by modulating the protein stability of the adipogenic transcription factor KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyun-Sik Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gukhan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hyang Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seop Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang W, Luo X, Zhang Q, He X, Zhang Z, Wang X. Bifidobacterium infantis Relieves Allergic Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th1/Th2. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920583. [PMID: 32249275 PMCID: PMC7160606 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bifidobacteria are among the probiotics used in treating intestinal diseases and are rarely used for allergic asthma treatment. The present study investigated the mechanism of B. infantis in treating allergic asthma in mice. Material/Methods A total of 40 male Balb/c mice were randomized into control, ovalbumin (OVA), montelukast (Mon), and B. infantis (B10) groups, and allergic asthma was induced in the OVA, Mon, and B10 groups. Airway reactivity was measured on day 29 by methacholine at various doses. The numbers of total cells and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted by blood cell counter and Diff-Quik staining. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues. Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum were measured by ELISA. Mucin 5AC expression was detected by Western blot to evaluate airway obstruction. The levels of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines in BALF and tissues were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results The mice in the OVA group had airway hyperreactivity, while the symptoms in the B10 group and Mon group were effectively relieved. B10 reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in tissues. Moreover, the levels of total serum IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and Mucin 5AC were increased in the OVA group, but were reduced in the Mon group and B10 group. B. infantis increased the levels of Th1 cytokines and decreased those of Th2 cytokines. Conclusions B. infantis can reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by OVA-specific antibodies in mice. B. infantis has therapeutic effects on allergic asthma by promoting Th1 and inhibiting Th2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xujun He
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Kwak S, Choi YS, Na HG, Bae CH, Song SY, Kim HG, Kim YD. Benzisothiazolinone upregulates the MUC5AC expression via ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB pathways in airway epithelial cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:704-710. [PMID: 31588347 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus plays an important role in protecting the respiratory tract from irritants. However, mucus hypersecretion is a major indicator of airway diseases. 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), as a microbicide, induces asthmatic inflammation. Therefore, we focused on the effects of BIT-related mucin secretion in airway epithelial cells. Our in vivo study showed increased mucus and MUC5AC expressions in the bronchioles of mice that inhaled BIT. For investigating the signaling pathways, we performed experiments in human airway epithelial cells. BIT induced the MUC5AC expression and significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). The specific inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB blocked the BIT-induced MUC5AC expression. Therefore, these results suggest that BIT induces the MUC5AC expression via the ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB pathways in human airway epithelial cells, which may be involved in mucus hypersecretion associated with airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kwak
- Department of Medical Science , College of Medicine , Graduate School of Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-53-620-3781
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-53-620-3781
| | - Hyung Gyun Na
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-53-620-3781
| | - Chang Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-53-620-3781
| | - Si-Youn Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-53-620-3781
| | - Hyung Geun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-53-620-3781
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine , Yeungnam University , Daegu , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-53-620-3781.,Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases , Yeungnam University Medical Center , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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