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Abboud J, Moussa MK, Boushnak MO, Rahal MJH, Robial N. Belt and suspender technique for bipolar bone loss in shoulder instability. JSES REVIEWS, REPORTS, AND TECHNIQUES 2022; 2:354-359. [PMID: 37588879 PMCID: PMC10426609 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar glenohumeral bone loss is a challenging condition to address in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. In this category of patients, most isolated soft-tissue procedures such as remplissage or infraspinatus capsulotenodesis are associated with high risk of failure and instability recurrence. Even bony procedures such as Latarjet may fail to provide absolute stability, and instability may eventually recur. For a better understanding of the cause of failure in this particular type of patient, we may refer to the glenoid track concept which has been described as a useful tool for surgical planning. In fact, Latarjet procedure alone may leave a place for engagement of the Hill-Sachs defect on the anterior glenoid resulting in an off-track situation and secondary glenohumeral instability. In this technical note, we present the combination of arthroscopic remplissage and an open Latarjet procedure to treat patients with bipolar glenohumeral bone loss with good results at 31-month follow-up. Our aim is to propose these techniques as a possible rescue procedure for highly unstable shoulders combining engaged Hill-Sachs lesion and glenoid bone loss of more than 25%. We believe this technique would be a good option for patients who present other risk factors of recurrence such as past medical history of epilepsy, laxity, and psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Abboud
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - Mohamad K. Moussa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien – Site de Meaux, Meaux, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mohammad O. Boushnak
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, ULB Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Jawad H. Rahal
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - Nicolas Robial
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
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2
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Shanmugaraj A, Sakha S, Tejpal T, Leroux T, Kirsch JM, Khan M. Revision Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability After a Failed Arthroscopic Soft-Tissue Repair Yields Comparable Failure Rates to Primary Bankart Repair: A Systematic Review. HSS J 2022; 18:145-155. [PMID: 35082560 PMCID: PMC8753542 DOI: 10.1177/15563316211030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair remains challenging. Of the various treatment options, arthroscopic revision repairs are of increasing interest due to improved visualization of pathology and advancements in arthroscopic techniques and instrumentation. PURPOSE We sought to assess the indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications for patients undergoing revision arthroscopic Bankart repair after a failed index arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization for anterior shoulder instability. METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies identified by a search of Medline, Embase, and PubMed. Our search range was from data inception to April 29, 2020. Outcomes include clinical outcomes and rates of complication and revision. The Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) was used to assess study quality. Data are presented descriptively. RESULTS Twelve studies were identified, comprising 279 patients (281 shoulders) with a mean age of 26.1 ± 3.8 years and a mean follow-up of 55.7 ± 24.3 months. Patients had improvements in postoperative outcomes (eg, pain and function). The overall complication rate was 29.5%, the most common being recurrent instability (19.9%). CONCLUSION With significant improvements postoperatively and comparable recurrent instability rates, there exists a potential role in the use of revision arthroscopic Bankart repair where the glenoid bone loss is less than 20%. Clinicians should consider patient history and imaging findings to determine whether a more rigorous stabilization procedure is warranted. Large prospective cohorts with long-term follow-up and improved documentation are required to determine more accurate failure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaykumar Shanmugaraj
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Seaher Sakha
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tushar Tejpal
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Leroux
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob M Kirsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moin Khan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Moin Khan, MD, MSc, FRCSC, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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3
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MacDonell RT, Wright L, King JJ. Anterior capsular reconstruction for recurrent anterior shoulder instability: a case report using dermal allograft. JSES REVIEWS, REPORTS, AND TECHNIQUES 2022; 2:52-55. [PMID: 37588287 PMCID: PMC10426538 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. MacDonell
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Logan Wright
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph J. King
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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4
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Fox A, Bonacci J, Gill SD, Page RS. Evaluating the effects of arthroscopic Bankart repair and open Latarjet shoulder stabilisation procedures on shoulder joint neuromechanics and function: a single-centre, parallel-arm trial protocol. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e000956. [PMID: 33692905 PMCID: PMC7907843 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shoulder instability injuries are common in sports involving collisions and overhead movements. Arthroscopic Bankart repair and the open Latarjet are two commonly used surgical stabilisation procedures. There is a lack of knowledge surrounding movement strategies, joint loading and muscle strength after each of these procedures. This study will compare: (1) shoulder joint neuromechanics during activities of daily living and an overhead sporting task; (2) shoulder range of motion; (3) shoulder strength; and (4) self-reported shoulder function and health status, between individuals who have undergone an arthroscopic Bankart repair versus open Latarjet. Methods and analysis This is a prospective cohort, single-centre, non-randomised parallel arm study of surgical interventions for athletic shoulder instability injuries. Thirty participants will be recruited. Of these, 20 will have experienced one or more traumatic shoulder instability injuries requiring surgical stabilisation—and will undergo an arthroscopic Bankart repair or open Latarjet procedure. The remaining 10 participants will have no history of shoulder instability injury and act as controls. Participants will undergo baseline testing and be followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months. A two-way (group×time) analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor (ie, time) will compare each outcome measure between groups across time points. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Barwon Health and Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committees. Outcomes will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant scientific conferences. Trial registration number Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000016932).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fox
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.,Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education (B-CORE), Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Bonacci
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen D Gill
- Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education (B-CORE), Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard S Page
- Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education (B-CORE), Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Tramer JS, Cross AG, Yedulla NR, Guo EW, Makhni EC. Comprehensive Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization in the Lateral Decubitus Position. Arthrosc Tech 2020; 9:e1601-e1606. [PMID: 33134067 PMCID: PMC7587928 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization offers a safe and effective means for restoring glenohumeral mechanics in the setting of shoulder instability. Modern arthroscopic techniques have allowed improved access and efficiency when treating patients with shoulder instability. However, access to certain areas of the labrum and the creation of safe accessory portals can still prove difficult for the arthroscopic surgeon. Currently, there is debate as to the ideal patient position, portal location, equipment, and technique for addressing anterior-inferior labral pathology. The following article presents a safe and effective approach to accessing the labrum for treatment of shoulder instability in the lateral decubitus position. In addition, this paper highlights the use of accessory portals, including a percutaneous "7-o'clock" portal for suture anchor placement, along with multiple types of suture anchor and suture shuttling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eric C. Makhni
- Address correspondence to Eric C. Makhni, M.D, M.B.A., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202.
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Taverna E, Longo UG, Guarrella V, Garavaglia G, Perfetti C, Sconfienza LM, Broffoni L, Denaro V. A new mini-open technique of arthroscopically assisted Latarjet. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:285. [PMID: 32380996 PMCID: PMC7206729 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim is to describe a new arthroscopically assisted Latarjet technique. METHODS We evaluated the clinical and radiological findings of 60 patients with chronic recurrent anterior gleno-humeral instability who underwent, between September 2013 and November 2014, an arthroscopically-assisted Latarjet procedure with double round endobutton fixation. Inclusion criteria were: chronic anterior recurrent instability, Instability Severity Index Score (ISIS) greater than three points, a glenoid bone defect > 15% or a Hill Sachs lesion with concomitant glenoid bone defect > 10%. During surgery the joint capsule and the anterior glenoid labrum were detached. Two drill tunnels perpendicular to the neck of the glenoid were made through a guide. An accessible pilot hole through the glenoid was created to allows the passage of guidewires for coracoid guidance and final fixation onto the anterior glenoid. Through a restricted deltopectoral access a coracoid osteotomy was made. Finally, the graft was prepared, inserted and secured using half-stitches. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 32.5 months (range 24-32 months). At a mean follow-up, 56 of the 60 subjects claimed a stable shoulder without postoperative complaints, two (3.3%) had an anterior dislocation after new traumatic injury, and two (3.3%) complained of subjective instability. At the latest follow-up, four subjects complained of painful recurrent anterior instability during abduction-external rotation with apprehension. At 1 year, the graft had migrated in one patient (1.7%) and judged not healed and high positioned in another patient (1.7%). Moreover, a glenoid bony gain of 26.3% was recorded. At the latest follow-up, three patients had grade 1 according to Samilson and Prieto classification asymptomatic degenerative changes. Nerve injuries and infections were not detected. None of the 60 patients underwent revision surgery. Healing rate of the graft was 96.7%. CONCLUSIONS This technique of arthroscopically assisted Latarjet combines mini-open and arthroscopic approach for improving the precision of the bony tunnels in the glenoid and coracoid placement, minimizing any potential risk of neurologic complications. It can be an option in subjects with anterior gleno-humeral instability and glenoid bone defect. Further studies should be performed to confirm our preliminary results. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number 61/int/2017 Name of registry: ORS Date of registration 11.5.2017 Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: September 2013 'retrospectively registered' LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Trigoria, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Guido Garavaglia
- Servizio di Chirurgia dell'Arto Superiore, OBV, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Broffoni
- Servizio di Chirurgia dell'Arto Superiore, OBV, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Trigoria, Rome, Italy
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7
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Ogimoto S, Miyazaki M, Tsuruta T, Tsumura H. Arthroscopic glenoid reconstruction for glenoid bone loss in recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability, using osteochondral autograft from the contralateral lateral femoral condyle: a new technique and case report. JSES OPEN ACCESS 2019; 2:104-108. [PMID: 30675576 PMCID: PMC6334857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jses.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- Corresponding author: Masashi Miyazaki, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita, 879-5593, Japan. (M. Miyazaki).
| | | | - Hiroshi Tsumura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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8
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Garcia JC, do Amaral FM, Belchior RJ, de Carvalho LQ, Markarian GG, Montero EFDS. Comparative Systematic Review of Fixation Methods of the Coracoid and Conjoined Tendon in the Anterior Glenoid to Treat Anterior Shoulder Instability. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967118820539. [PMID: 30719477 PMCID: PMC6348521 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118820539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coracoid process transfer for the treatment of recurrent glenohumeral dislocations is a safe and reliable procedure; however, there is no consensus as to which is the best method, the Bristow or Latarjet procedure. PURPOSE To analyze the results of coracoid process transfer for the treatment of recurrent glenohumeral dislocations and to compare the results of this transfer between the Bristow and Latarjet techniques. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS The databases surveyed for this review included J-STAGE; Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialized Register; Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials; MEDLINE; Ovid; Embase; Google Scholar; and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) studies related to anterior glenohumeral dislocations treated with transfer of the coracoid process to the anterior glenoid rim and (2) studies that could provide data to perform at least 1 meta-analysis or other statistical evaluation. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for inclusion; thereafter, outcomes and the risk of bias were extracted. Statistical analyses were performed according to the nature of the data. When possible, the 95% CI was included. RESULTS Of the 779 studies found, 63 were able to provide data assessing 3395 shoulders. There were no randomized, blinded, or double-blinded trials. The recurrence of dislocations was assessed in 41 studies that used the Bristow technique (n = 2346 shoulders; percentage redislocations [mean ± SE], 1.00% ± 0.20%) and 18 studies that used the Latarjet technique (n = 930 shoulders; percentage redislocations, 2.13% ± 0.49%) (P = .04). The mean loss of external rotation was 12.91° for the Bristow procedure (n = 1440 shoulders) and 11.70° for the Latarjet procedure (n = 243 shoulders). The mean quality-of-life outcome scores were as follows for the Bristow and Latarjet procedures, respectively: Rowe score, 92.06 and 89.33; Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index score, 16.44% and 19.68%; Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, 93.28 and 92.00; and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, 91.00 and 89.90. CONCLUSION Transferring the coracoid to the anteroinferior border of the glenoid through the subscapularis tendon is effective, regardless of the technique. When comparing the Bristow and Latarjet techniques, the recurrence of dislocations was the only outcome that could undergo a meta-analysis, and it presented a statistically significant difference in favor of the Bristow procedure. All other outcomes presented no clinically significant differences between their effect sizes. More studies presenting better methodology are still needed to achieve more robust conclusions.
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9
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Nzeako O, Bakti N, Bawale R, Singh B. Bone block procedures for glenohumeral joint instability. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:231-235. [PMID: 30828183 PMCID: PMC6383128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glenoid bone loss is a well established cause of instability and long term morbidity if not adequadely addressed. Anterior glenohumeral instability due an anterior glenoid defect is significantly more common, and for many years has been well treated with open anterior bone block augmentation procedures, most commonly the latarjet procedure. However, with refinement of this technique and some interest in reducing morbidity associated with iliac crest bone harvest, arthroscopic bone block procedures with allograft has become more popular. In this article we will review some of the key available evidence. We will also review management of the less common and more challenging posterior glenoid defects associated with posterior instability.
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10
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Taverna E, Garavaglia G, Perfetti C, Ufenast H, Sconfienza LM, Guarrella V. An arthroscopic bone block procedure is effective in restoring stability, allowing return to sports in cases of glenohumeral instability with glenoid bone deficiency. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:3780-3787. [PMID: 29623353 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-4921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A group of patients affected by bone loss in the context of recurrent anterior shoulder instability were treated arthroscopically with a modified Eden-Hybinette technique since 2005. The last modification was made in 2013, consisting of fixation using a pair of specifically designed double round Endobuttons, which secure the bone graft to the glenoid rim placed through a guide. This report describes patients operated on after this last modification. No reports have described the results of this technique, and the purpose of this study was to assess early clinical and radiological results of an arthroscopic bone block procedure with double round Endobutton fixation. We hypothesized that this technique would restore shoulder stability in patients with anteroinferior glenohumeral instability with glenoid bone deficit, with excellent clinical and radiological results. METHODS The clinical and radiological efficacy of this procedure was retrospectively evaluated in 26 patients with an average follow-up of 29.6 months (range 24-33 months). RESULTS At minimum 2-year follow-up, we had no recurrent anterior dislocations, excellent clinical results [average Walch-Duplay score 93.2, (SD 7.8); average Rowe score, 96.4 (SD 6.5); average SSV, 87.4 (SD 12.1); satisfaction rate, 88.5%; average loss of external rotation, 4.4° (SD 8.7°)] optimal graft positioning, and a healing rate of 92.3% on computed tomography scan. CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic bone block grafting combined with a standard Bankart repair restored shoulder stability in patients with anteroinferior glenohumeral instability with glenoid bone deficit, with excellent clinical and radiological results. This procedure did not substantially limit external rotation, allowing a high rate of return to sports even among competitive, overhead, and "at risk" athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Garavaglia
- Servizio di Chirurgia dell'Arto Superiore, OBV, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luca Maria Sconfienza
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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11
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Latarjet procedure versus open capsuloplasty in traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: long-term clinical and functional results. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 43:237-242. [PMID: 30306218 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the results of two different open surgical techniques (open capsuloplasty and Bristow-Latarjet procedure) at a mid- to long-term follow-up (6 years) in patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. METHODS Seventy-three patients (73 shoulders, 48 males; 25 females) fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were classified as group A if operated on with a Bristow-Latarjet procedure (40 patients, 24 males; 16 females) or group B if operated on with an open capsuloplasty (33 patients, 24 males; 9 females). All patients were followed up with physical examination and functional evaluation scores (UCLA, ROWE and WOSI). RESULTS In group A, no further episodes of dislocation or subluxation were reported; in group B, one patient (3.3%) reported a new episode of anterior dislocation as a result of a new trauma. No statistical difference in regard of new episodes of shoulder dislocation was found between the two groups (p > 0.05). At physical examination, two patients (5%) of group A and four patients of group B (13.3%) showed a positive apprehension test (p > 0.05); anterior drawer test was positive in six patients (15%) of group A and in nine patients (30%) of group B (p > 0.05). Statistical analysis showed better external rotation in group A (Latarjet group) than in group B. (p = 0.0176). No statistical differences were detected in regard to the scale scores (UCLA, WOSI, Rowe) (p > 0.05). Regarding the return to sport, 29 patients (72.5%) of group A and 18 patients (60%) of group B reported they resumed the same sports activity at the same pre-operative level (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Open capsuloplasty and Bristow-Latarjet procedure are both validated surgical techniques for the treatment of recurrent shoulder anterior instability. We found no statistical difference in terms of recurrent dislocation rates, clinical shoulder stability tests, and scoring scales. The rate of patients returning to sport was similar after both techniques. However, patients with open capsuloplasty reported a significantly lower recovery of external rotation than patients operated via the Latarjet procedure.
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13
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Pogorzelski J, Hussain ZB, Lebus GF, Fritz EM, Millett PJ. Anterior Capsular Reconstruction for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears. Arthrosc Tech 2017; 6:e951-e958. [PMID: 28970978 PMCID: PMC5621111 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic anterior shoulder instability due to structural failure of the subscapularis muscle and the anterior capsule is a rare and challenging diagnosis for surgeons to manage because poor-quality capsular, labral, and rotator cuff tissue often limits effective treatment options. If primary repair is not possible because of retraction and poor tissue quality, reconstruction with an allograft or autograft may be the only joint-preserving option. The purpose of this article is to describe a surgical technique for anterior capsular reconstruction using a human acellular dermal allograft for the treatment of irreparable subscapularis tears.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George F. Lebus
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.,The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Erik M. Fritz
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Peter J. Millett
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.,The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.,Address correspondence to Peter J. Millett, M.D., M.Sc., Steadman Philippon Research Institute, The Steadman Clinic, 181 W Meadow Dr, Ste 400, Vail, CO 81657, U.S.A.Steadman Philippon Research InstituteThe Steadman Clinic181 W Meadow DrSte 400VailCO81657U.S.A.
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14
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De Filippo M, Pesce A, Barile A, Borgia D, Zappia M, Romano A, Pogliacomi F, Verdano M, Pellegrini A, Johnson K. Imaging of postoperative shoulder instability. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101:15-22. [PMID: 28168636 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-017-0461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative imaging in shoulder instability is still a challenge for radiologists due to various postsurgical anatomical findings that could be considered pathologic in treated shoulder. For this reason is very important a deep knowledge about surgical procedures, anatomical changes after surgery and the appropriate diagnostic imaging modalities to work up the symptomatic postoperative shoulder. Postoperative imaging options include use conventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI arthrography, computed tomography (CT) and CT arthrography. The purpose of our review is to explain the different surgical procedures and to describe postoperative changes detected with radiological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Filippo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Parma Hospital, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100, Parma, Italy.
| | - A Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Parma Hospital, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - A Barile
- Department of Biotechnologies and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Borgia
- Department of Radiology ASL Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Zappia
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - A Romano
- Campolongo Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Pogliacomi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedic Clinic, Parma Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Verdano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedic Clinic, Parma Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Pellegrini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedic Clinic, Parma Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - K Johnson
- Fairfax Radiological Consultants, Washington, DC, USA
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15
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Virk MS, Manzo RL, Cote M, Ware JK, Mazzocca AD, Nissen CW, Shea KP, Arciero RA. Comparison of Time to Recurrence of Instability After Open and Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Techniques. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 4:2325967116654114. [PMID: 27570783 PMCID: PMC4999537 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116654114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The results of open and arthroscopic instability repairs have been shown to be equivalent in recent literature. Purpose: To compare the time to recurrence (TTR) of instability and disease-specific outcome measures in patients undergoing open and arthroscopic Bankart repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability and a Bankart lesion on diagnostic arthroscopy underwent either open Bankart repair (OB) or arthroscopic Bankart and suture capsulorrhaphy (ABSC) using suture anchors. There was a minimum follow-up of 24 months. The primary outcome measures included Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) score and time to recurrence of instability (dislocation or subluxation). Rowe score, Simple Shoulder Test, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Short Form–12 (SF-12) score were also compared. Results: A total of 82 shoulders in 80 patients (ABSC, n = 58; OB, n = 24) were evaluated at a mean of 39 months postoperatively. There were 4 clinical failures in the OB group (4 dislocations) and 7 clinical failures in the ABSC group (2 dislocations and 5 subluxations; P = .72 vs OB). The mean time to recurrence of postoperative instability was significantly shorter in the ABSC group (12.6 ± 2.7 months) compared with the OB group (34.2 ± 12 months; P = .04). The WOSI score in the OB group (265 ± 48.1) was better but not statistically significantly compared with the ABSC group (449.8 ± 63.8; P = .06). Conclusion: The time to recurrence of instability after open Bankart repair is significantly longer compared with arthroscopic Bankart repair. Clinical Relevance: Delayed time to recurrence after open Bankart repair suggests that the open technique may be more suited to withstand the high stress and demands of a heavy-duty profession (contact athletes and heavy manual labor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep S Virk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Shoulder & Elbow, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Mark Cote
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - James K Ware
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Augustus D Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carl W Nissen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Elite Sports Medicine, Children's Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin P Shea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert A Arciero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Venkatachalam S, Storey P, Macinnes SJ, Ali A, Potter D. The Sheffield bone block procedure: a new operation for the treatment of glenoid bone loss in patients with anterior traumatic shoulder instability. Shoulder Elbow 2016; 8:106-10. [PMID: 27583007 PMCID: PMC4950462 DOI: 10.1177/1758573215622614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the results of the Sheffield bone block procedure for anteroinferior bone loss in traumatic shoulder instability. In this modified open technique, the medial half of coracoid process without its soft tissue attachments is used to provide congruent augmentation of the anteroinferior glenoid and secured with two screws. METHODS In this retrospective consecutive case series (2007-11), all patients having recurrent traumatic instability with glenoid bone loss > 20% and/or a large Hill-Sachs lesion were included. The shoulder function was evaluated clinically and by Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS; by post/telephone). RESULTS There were 84 patients in this series with a large proportion engaged in contact sports. Mean (range) age was 33 years (16 years to 45 years); male : female, 59 : 8; mean (range) follow-up period was 48 months (36 months to 84 months) and the response rate 89% (75/84). Mean postoperative OSIS was 43 (33 to 46) and one patient had re-dislocation (1.3%). No neurovascular complications/hardware failure/non-union/infections were noted. By 6 months, 85% patients had returned to pre-injury sport and 93% had returned to pre-injury work. CONCLUSIONS The Sheffield bone block procedure provides reliable and satisfactory results in patients having recurrent instability with glenoid bone loss and/or a large Hill-Sachs lesion with minimal complications and an excellent chance of returning to original sport and occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Venkatachalam
- Department of Orthopaedics, North Tyneside General Hospital, Northumbria Healthcare, North Shields, UK,Santosh Venkatachalam, Department of Orthopaedics, North Tyneside General Hospital, Northumbria Healthcare, Rake Lane North Shields NE29 8NH, UK. Tel: +44 0344 811 8111.
| | - Phil Storey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sheffield General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Scott J Macinnes
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sheffield General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amjid Ali
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sheffield General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Potter
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sheffield General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Dauzère F, Faraud A, Lebon J, Faruch M, Mansat P, Bonnevialle N. Is the Latarjet procedure risky? Analysis of complications and learning curve. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:557-63. [PMID: 26792565 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyse the learning curve and complication rate of the open Latarjet procedure. METHODS The first 68 Latarjet procedures performed by a single surgeon for chronic anterior shoulder instability were reviewed retrospectively. The standard open surgical technique was followed faithfully during each procedure. Post-operative complications were taken from patient medical records. Post-operative evaluation consisted of clinical and radiological assessments. RESULTS The rate of early (<3 months) clinical complications was 7.4 % (5.9 % haematoma, 1.5 % neurological deficit), and the delayed complication rate was 7.3 %. Early complication rate, duration of surgery (mean 65 min; 35-135) and hospital stay (mean 3 days; 1-4) were significantly reduced as experience increased (respectively; P = 0.03, ρ = - 0.3; P = 0.009, ρ = - 0.3; P < 0.0001, ρ = - 0.6). On the radiographs, the bone block was healed and in perfect position in 87 % of cases, with no effect of surgical experience (P = 0.3, ρ = 0.1). The rate of complications on radiographs was 17 %: 11 % partial lysis, 2 % complete lysis and 4 % non-union. No recurrence of instability was found after an average follow-up of 21 months. CONCLUSION Despite a high rate of post-operative complications, the morbidity of Latarjet procedure remains low. A surgeon's experience significantly affects the surgery duration and the occurrence of early complications. The main radiological complication is partial lysis of the bone block. After a short learning curve, the clinical outcomes of the Latarjet procedure appear to be satisfactory and reproducible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Dauzère
- Département de chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Place Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Amélie Faraud
- Département de chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Place Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Lebon
- Département de chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Place Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Faruch
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Place Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Mansat
- Département de chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Place Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Bonnevialle
- Département de chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Place Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France. .,Laboratoire de Biomécanique, IMFT CNRS UMR 5502, Hôpital Riquet, Place Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France.
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Peshin C, Jangira V, Gupta RK, Jindal R. Neglected anterior dislocation of shoulder with large Hillsach's lesion & deficient glenoid: Treated by autogenous bone graft & modified Latarjet procedure. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2015; 6:273-6. [PMID: 26566343 PMCID: PMC4600832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected anterior dislocation of shoulder is rare in spite of the fact that the anterior dislocation of the shoulder is seen in around 90% of the acute cases. Most of the series of neglected dislocation describe posterior dislocation to be far more common.(1) (,2) We hereby report a case of the neglected anterior shoulder dislocation in a 15 year old boy who had a history of epilepsy. There was a large Hill Sachs lesion in humeral head which was impacted in glenoid inferiorly and glenoid was eburnated at that margin. The humeral head was reconstructed with a tricortical iliac graft. Glenoid was reconstructed by transfer of coracoids process of scapula to antero-inferior glenoid (modified Latarjet procedure). This case is unique because management of humeral head defect with bone graft is not mentioned in anterior dislocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Peshin
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Himaliyan Institute of Medical Sciences, Doiwala, Dehradun, India,Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9568738965 (mobile).
| | - Vivek Jangira
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Hospitals', New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gupta
- Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohit Jindal
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION The incapacity with respect to work following anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation and subsequent Bankart repair has not been previously examined. The objective of this study was to examine a patient's incapacity according to the classification by the REFA Association. The recovery time was measured and the outcome of patients with heavy workload was compared to those with lower workloads. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 74 patients who underwent isolated arthroscopic Bankart repair fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The Constant-Murley Score, UCLA Shoulder Score and ROWE Score for Shoulder Instability were recorded for clinical assessment. The mean follow-up time was 43.1 months (SD ± 17.4; 24-110 months) with a mean age of 34.7 years (SD ± 12.6). Workload was classified as per the REFA Association classification system. Postoperative duration of a patient's incapacity with respect to work and other subjective ratings were provided by the patients themselves. RESULTS The mean incapacity of work was 2.73 months (95 % CI 1.19-5.36). The incapacity of work was 2.06 months (95 % CI 1.55-2.68) in the group with low physical strains at work (REFA 0-1) and 3.40 months (95 % CI 2.70-4.24) in the group with heavy workload (REFA 2-4/p = 0.005). Overall, the mean Constant-Murley Score was 87.7 (SD ± 13.5). The average UCLA Shoulder Score summed up to 31.9 (SD ± 3.87) and the mean ROWE Score was 87.6 (SD ± 21.7). 13 (17.5 %) patients had problems to compete in their jobs. Three patients had to change the job postoperatively. CONCLUSION In this study, a relationship between the time of incapacity of work and the workload was observed; patients with low physical strains returned significantly earlier to work after arthroscopic Bankart repair (p = 0.005). In general, the clinical results as measured in the Constant/UCLA/Rowe score were comparable to other studies.
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20
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Amin NH, Patel RM, Sean Lynch T, Miniaci A. The Evaluation of Hill-Sachs Injuries and the Use of Humeral Head Allograft for Repair of Hill-Sachs and Reverse Hill-Sachs Injuries. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.otsm.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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C T, S B, E S, E I. "8 plate": an alternative device to fix highly recurrent traumatic anterior gleno-humeral instability in patients with severe impairment of the anterior capsule. Open Orthop J 2015; 8:457-61. [PMID: 25621080 PMCID: PMC4298807 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001408010457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is still debate about the best treatment option for highly recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation in patients with severe impairment of the anterior capsule and/or recurrence after either arthroscopic or open capsulorrhaphy.
Materials and Methods: The clinical and radiological findings of 7 patients treated with an open capsulorrhaphy stabilized with an “8 plate” for a highly recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation with severe impairment of the anterior capsule and a large Bankart lesion were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up evaluation included VAS for pain, Constant-Murley, Simple Shoulder Test, ASES, UCLA, Quick DASH, Rowe, Walsch-Duplay scores, as well as X-rays of the operated shoulder.
Results: At follow-up none of the patients reported subsequent dislocations. Range of motion of the shoulder was complete in all cases, but one. Results of the functional scoring systems were satisfactory. X-rays showed no osteolysis and good position of the plate.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature about an open capsular tensioning and Bankart lesion repair performed with an “8 plate”. We believe that this is a reliable and effective procedure to address traumatic anterior re-dislocation of the gleno-humeral joint when the capsule is extensively torn and frayed or in revision cases. Moreover the “8 plate” is ideal to be applied in such a narrow space on the slant surface of the scapular neck close to the glenoid rim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudisco C
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 81 Oxford Street, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Bisicchia S
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 81 Oxford Street, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Savarese E
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Carlo Hospital, Potito Petrone Steet, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ippolito E
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 81 Oxford Street, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Zarezade A, Dehghani M, Rozati AR, Banadaki HS, Shekarchizade N. Comparison of Bristow procedure and Bankart arthroscopic method as the treatment of recurrent shoulder instability. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:256. [PMID: 25590034 PMCID: PMC4283246 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.146926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common major joint dislocation. In patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation, surgical intervention is necessary. In this study, two methods of treatment, Bankart arthroscopic method and open Bristow procedure, were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS This clinical trial survey had been done in the orthopedic department of Alzahra and Kashani hospitals of Isfahan during 2008-2011. Patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation who were candidates for surgical treatment were randomly divided into two groups, one treated by Bankart arthroscopic technique and the other treated by Bristow method. All the patients were assessed after the surgery using the criteria of ROWE, CONSTANT, UCLA, and ASES. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS Six patients (16.22%) had inappropriate condition with ROWE score (score less than 75); of them, one had been treated with Bristow and five with Bankart (5.26 vs. 27.78). Nine patients (24.32%) had appropriate condition, which included six from Bristow group and three treated by Bankart technique (31.58 vs. 16.67). Finally, 22 patients (59.46%) showed great improvement with this score, which included 12 from Bristow and 10 from Bankart groups (63.16 vs. 55.56). According to Fisher's exact test, there were no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.15). CONCLUSION The two mentioned techniques did not differ significantly, although some parameters such as level of performance, pain intensity, use of analgesics, and range of internal rotation showed more improvement in Bristow procedure. Therefore, if there is no contraindication for Bristow procedure, it is preferred to use this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Zarezade
- Department of Orthopedics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehghani
- Department of Orthopedics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Rozati
- Department of Orthopedic Surgeon, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Neda Shekarchizade
- School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
This review discusses the evaluation and management of bone loss in glenohumeral instability. The glenohumeral joint may experience a dislocation or subluxation associated with traumatic injury or through repetitive atraumatic events. Nearly 62% of cases with recurrent dislocation have both Hill-Sachs and bony Bankart defects. Treatment of unstable bone defects may require soft-tissue repair, bone grafting, or both, depending on the size and nature of the defects. The most common treatment is isolated soft-tissue repair, leaving the bone defects untreated, although emerging evidence supports directly addressing these bony defects.
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Recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability: the quantification of glenoid bone loss using magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:1085-92. [PMID: 24805966 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-014-1894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the severity of glenoid bone loss in patients with anterior shoulder dislocation by comparing the results with arthroscopic measurements. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and written consent from all patients were obtained. Thirty-six consecutive patients (29 men, seven women; mean age, 34.5 [range, 18-55] years) with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation (≥3 dislocations; mean, 37.9; range, 3-200) and suspected glenoid bone loss underwent shoulder MRI before arthroscopy (mean interval, 28.5 [range, 9-73] days). Assessments of glenoid bone loss by MRI (using the best-fit circle area method) and arthroscopy were compared. Inter- and intrareader reproducibility of MRI-derived measurements was evaluated using arthroscopy as a comparative standard. RESULTS Glenoid bone loss was evident on MRI and during arthroscopy in all patients. Inter- and intrareader correlations of MRI-derived measurements were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80-0.82; r = 0.81-0.86). The first and second observers' measurements showed strong (r = 0.76) and moderate (r = 0.69) interreader correlation, respectively, with arthroscopic measurements. CONCLUSIONS Conventional MRI can be used to measure glenoid bone loss, particularly when employed by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist.
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Boileau P, Thélu CÉ, Mercier N, Ohl X, Houghton-Clemmey R, Carles M, Trojani C. Arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet combined with bankart repair restores shoulder stability in patients with glenoid bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014; 472:2413-24. [PMID: 24942959 PMCID: PMC4079880 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthroscopic Bankart repair alone cannot restore shoulder stability in patients with glenoid bone loss involving more than 20% of the glenoid surface. Coracoid transposition to prevent recurrent shoulder dislocation according to Bristow-Latarjet is an efficient but controversial procedure. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We determined whether an arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet procedure with concomitant Bankart repair (1) restored shoulder stability in this selected subgroup of patients, (2) without decreasing mobility, and (3) allowed patients to return to sports at preinjury level. We also evaluated (4) bone block positioning, healing, and arthritis and (5) risk factors for nonunion and coracoid screw pullout. METHODS Between July 2007 and August 2010, 79 patients with recurrent anterior instability and bone loss of more than 20% of the glenoid underwent arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet-Bankart repair; nine patients (11%) were either lost before 2-year followup or had incomplete data, leaving 70 patients available at a mean of 35 months. Postoperative radiographs and CT scans were evaluated for bone block positioning, healing, and arthritis. Any postoperative dislocation or any subjective complaint of occasional to frequent subluxation was considered a failure. Physical examination included ROM in both shoulders to enable comparison and instability signs (apprehension and relocation tests). Rowe and Walch-Duplay scores were obtained at each review. Patients were asked whether they were able to return to sports at the same level and practice forced overhead sports. Potential risk factors for nonhealing were assessed. RESULTS At latest followup, 69 of 70 (98%) patients had a stable shoulder, external rotation with arm at the side was 9° less than the nonoperated side, and 58 (83%) returned to sports at preinjury level. On latest radiographs, 64 (91%) had no osteoarthritis, and bone block positioning was accurate, with 63 (90%) being below the equator and 65 (93%) flush to the glenoid surface. The coracoid graft healed in 51 (73%), it failed to unite in 14 (20%), and graft osteolysis was seen in five (7%). Bone block nonunion/migration did not compromise shoulder stability but was associated with persistent apprehension and less return to sports. Use of screws that were too short or overangulated, smoking, and age higher than 35 years were risk factors for nonunion. CONCLUSIONS The arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet procedure combined with Bankart repair for anterior instability with severe glenoid bone loss restored shoulder stability, maintained ROM, allowed return to sports at preinjury level, and had a low likelihood of arthritis. Adequate healing of the transferred coracoid process to the glenoid neck is an important factor for avoiding persistent anterior apprehension. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Boileau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Hôpital de L'Archet 2, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 route de St Antoine de Ginestière, 06202, Nice, France,
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Arzi H, Krasovsky T, Pritsch M, Liebermann DG. Movement control in patients with shoulder instability: a comparison between patients after open surgery and nonoperated patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014; 23:982-92. [PMID: 24374151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open surgery to correct shoulder instability is deemed to facilitate recovery of static and dynamic motor functions. Postoperative assessments focus primarily on static outcomes (e.g., repositioning accuracy). We introduce kinematic measures of arm smoothness to assess shoulder patients after open surgery and compare them with nonoperated patients. Performance among both groups of patients was hypothesized to differ. Postsurgery patients were expected to match healthy controls. METHODS All participants performed pointing movements with the affected/dominant arm fully extended at fast, preferred, and slow speeds (36 trials per subject). Kinematic data were collected (100 Hz, 3 seconds), and mixed-design analyses of variance (group, speed) were performed with movement time, movement amplitude, acceleration time, and model-observed similarities as dependent variables. Nonparametric tests were performed for number of velocity peaks. RESULTS Nonoperated and postsurgery patients showed similarities at preferred and faster movement speeds but not at slower speed. Postsurgery patients were closer to maximally smoothed motion and differed from healthy controls mainly during slow arm movements (closer to maximal smoothness, larger movement amplitude, shorter movement time, and lower number of peaks; i.e., less movement fragmentation). CONCLUSIONS Arm kinematic analyses suggest that open surgery stabilizes the shoulder but does not necessarily restore normal movement quality. Patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability (RASI) seem to implement a "safe" but nonadaptive mode of action whereby preplanned stereotypical movements may be executed without depending on feedback. Rehabilitation of RASI patients should focus on restoring feedback-based movement control. Clinical assessment of RASI patients should include higher order kinematic descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harel Arzi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tal Krasovsky
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada
| | - Moshe Pritsch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dario G Liebermann
- Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
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Zhang AL, Montgomery SR, Ngo SS, Hame SL, Wang JC, Gamradt SC. Arthroscopic versus open shoulder stabilization: current practice patterns in the United States. Arthroscopy 2014; 30:436-43. [PMID: 24560907 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate current trends in arthroscopic and open shoulder stabilization in the United States. METHODS Patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder stabilization (Current Procedural Terminology code 29806) or open stabilization (Current Procedural Terminology codes 23455 [open Bankart repair], 23460 [anterior bone block], and 23462 [coracoid transfer]) were identified using a national database of insurance billing records during the years 2004 through 2009. Demographic data were recorded for each patient. RESULTS From 2004 through 2009, there were 23,096 cases of shoulder stabilization, of which 84% (19,337) were arthroscopic and 16% (3,759) were open procedures. There were 17,241 male patients (75%) and 5,855 female patients (25%). The incidence of arthroscopic shoulder stabilization nearly doubled during the period studied, increasing from 11.8 cases for every 10,000 patients in 2004 to 22.9 cases for every 10,000 patients in 2009. The percentage of arthroscopic stabilizations increased from 71% of stabilization procedures in 2004 to 89% in 2009, whereas the percentage of open stabilizations decreased from 29% in 2004 to 11% in 2009 (P < .0001). Among open procedures, a significant decline in the incidence of open Bankart repair was observed, from 4.5 cases for every 10,000 patients in 2004 to 2.2 cases for every 10,000 patients in 2009 (P < .0001), whereas the performance of open coracoid transfer increased from 0.17 cases per 10,000 patients in 2004 to 0.40 cases per 10,000 patients in 2009 (P < .0001). For both arthroscopic and open stabilization, the group aged 10 to 19 years had the highest rate of surgery (29%), followed by the group aged 20 to 29 years (25%). CONCLUSIONS The current data indicate that arthroscopic stabilization is performed in nearly 90% of shoulder stabilization surgeries and nearly doubled in incidence from 2004 to 2009 in the United States. Additional research is needed to further investigate the long-term clinical outcomes of this practice pattern. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective database review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Scott R Montgomery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Stephanie S Ngo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Sharon L Hame
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
| | - Jeffrey C Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Seth C Gamradt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
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Friedman LGM, Griesser MJ, Miniaci AA, Jones MH. Recurrent instability after revision anterior shoulder stabilization surgery. Arthroscopy 2014; 30:372-81. [PMID: 24581262 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to compare outcomes of revision anterior stabilization surgeries based on technique. This study also sought to compare the impact of bone defects on outcomes. METHODS A systematic review of the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus was performed in July 2012 and March 2013. Of 345 articles identified in the search, 17 studies with Level I to IV Evidence satisfied the inclusion criteria and were analyzed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Recurrent instability was defined as redislocation, resubluxation, or a positive apprehensive test after revision surgery. Procedures were categorized as arthroscopic Bankart repair, open Bankart repair, Bristow-Latarjet procedure, and other open procedures. RESULTS In total, 388 shoulders were studied. Male patients comprised 74.1% of patients, 66.7% of cases involved the dominant shoulder, the mean age was 28.2 years, and the mean follow-up period was 44.2 months. The surgical procedures classified as "other open procedures" had the highest rate of recurrent instability (42.7%), followed by arthroscopic Bankart repair (14.7%), the Bristow-Latarjet procedure (14.3%), and open Bankart repair (5.5%). Inconsistent reporting of bone defects precluded drawing significant conclusions. CONCLUSIONS A number of different procedures are used to address recurrent instability after a primary operation for anterior shoulder instability has failed. There is significant variability in the rate of recurrent instability after revision anterior shoulder stabilization surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, systematic review of Level I to IV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Griesser
- Performance Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Clinton Memorial Hospital, Wilmington, Ohio, U.S.A
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Puskas GJ, Giles JW, Degen RM, Johnson JA, Athwal GS. Humeral head reconstruction for Hill-Sachs defects: a biomechanical comparison of 2 fixation techniques for bone grafting. Arthroscopy 2014; 30:22-8. [PMID: 24215992 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this biomechanical study was to compare anterograde with retrograde screw fixation for allograft reconstruction of Hill-Sachs defects. METHODS In 8 pairs of fresh-frozen humeral heads, a 40% Hill-Sachs defect was created. The resultant wedge-shaped osteochondral fragment was used as allograft. For each technique, two 3.75-mm screws were used for fixation. To test the strength of fixation, a custom tool was used that would apply load to the graft. By use of a materials testing machine, a staircase cyclic loading protocol was performed (500 cycles at 10, 20, 30, and 40 N) and then load to failure. Graft displacement was measured by an optical tracking system. RESULTS For the 2 techniques, graft displacement increased with increasing load and increasing number of cycles up to a mean of 0.9 ± 0.42 mm for anterograde fixation and 1.1 ± 0.79 mm for retrograde fixation. This increase was significant within each technique across all 4 loading levels (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences in graft displacement between the 2 techniques at any loading level or number of cycles (P = .16 to P = .96). In addition, the load to failure between the anterograde and retrograde techniques (98.5 N and 95.6 N, respectively) was not significantly different (P = .706). CONCLUSIONS The initial fixation and failure strength of anterograde and retrograde graft fixation techniques for substantial Hill-Sachs defects do not significantly differ in a biomechanical cadaveric model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This biomechanical study supports that in an engaging Hill-Sachs defect, both anterograde and retrograde screw fixation techniques can be used for fixation of humeral head allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor J Puskas
- Orthopedic Department, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua W Giles
- Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan M Degen
- Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James A Johnson
- Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - George S Athwal
- Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Boileau P, Thélu CÉ. Arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet Combined With Bankart Repair (2B3 Procedure): Tips and Tricks. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2013. [DOI: 10.1053/j.otsm.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Arthroscopic management of anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone defects. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:2867-76. [PMID: 22976501 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-2198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bony deficiency of the anterior glenoid rim may significantly contribute to recurrent shoulder instability. Today, based on clinical and biomechanical data, a bony reconstruction is recommended in patients with bone loss of greater than 20-25 % of the glenoid surface area. Recent advances in arthroscopic instruments and techniques presently allow minimally invasive and arthroscopic reconstruction of glenoid bone defects and osteosynthesis of glenoid fractures. This article underlines the role of glenoid bone deficiency in recurrent shoulder instability, provides an update on the current management regarding this pathology and highlights the modern techniques for surgical treatment. Therefore, it can help orthopaedic surgeons in the treatment and decision-making when dealing with these difficult to treat patients in daily clinical practice.
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Kraus TM, Martetschläger F, Graveleau N, Klouche S, Freude T, Stöckle U, Hardy P. CT-based quantitative assessment of the surface size and en-face position of the coracoid block post-Latarjet procedure. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2013; 133:1543-8. [PMID: 23912417 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-013-1825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of shoulder stabilization with the Latarjet procedure might depend on the size of the bone graft and the positioning of the coracoid at the glenoid. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the surface of the coracoid bone graft and to assess its positioning in the en-face view. METHOD A series of 21 patients (17 men, 4 women, 26.1 ± 6.8 years-9 right, 12 left shoulders) were prospectively included and followed up with CT scans between December 2010 and April 2012 at an average of 2.4 ± 0.7 months postoperatively. The retrospective analysis of the CT scans was performed with Osirix™ software. The coracoid surface was measured (cm(2)) in the sagittal plane. The positioning in relation to the center of the circumscribed circle of the glenoid was determined in the en-face clock face view of the glenoid. RESULTS The grafts had a mean surface of 1.61 ± 0.51 cm(2) (mean ± standard deviation). The coracoid grafts were located between 01:05 hours (32.5°) and 05:33 hours (166.6°). Mean positioning was 02:00 hours (59.8° ± 16.1°) to 04:26 hours (133.0° ± 16.9°). The extent of the grafts was 73.2° ± 14.3°. DISCUSSION The positioning of the coracoid graft on the clock face of the glenoid is situated in the decisive zone of 02:30-04:20 hours. The mean surface of the graft is smaller than expected from anatomical studies, but restores in defect situations bone stock in the potential defect areas at the anterior glenoid rim. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, prospective case series, treatment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Kraus
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
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Gwathmey FW, Warner JJP. Management of the athlete with a failed shoulder instability procedure. Clin Sports Med 2013; 32:833-63. [PMID: 24079439 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The athlete with a failed instability procedure requires a thoughtful and systematic approach to achieve a good outcome. Goals of treatment should be defined and realistic expectations should be set. Revision stabilization has a high rate of recurrent instability, low rates of return to play, and low clinical outcome scores. Fundamental to successful revision surgery is choosing the correct procedure. The decision is straightforward in athletes with clear factors that predict recurrence (significant glenoid bone loss, engaging Hill-Sachs lesions) because only a bony procedure can restore the articular arc of the glenoid. Arthroscopic revision Bankart repair may be appropriate in those athletes who have an obvious Bankart tear and no bone loss after a traumatic reinjury. The challenge for the shoulder surgeon is identifying the best surgery for the athlete who does not have such clear-cut indications. Each factor that has the potential to lead to a poor outcome needs to be collected and calculated. Patient factors (age, laxity, type and level of sport), injury factors (mechanism of injury, capsulolabral injury, glenoid bone loss, Hill-Sachs lesion), and technical factors (previous surgery performed, integrity of repair, scarring) must be integrated into the treatment algorithm. Based on this collection of factors, the shoulder surgeon should be prepared to provide the athlete with the surgery that provides the best chance to return to playing sports and the lowest risk of recurrent instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Winston Gwathmey
- Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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McMahon PJ, Yang BY, Chow S, Lee TQ. Anterior shoulder dislocation increases the propensity for recurrence: a cadaveric study of the number of dislocations and type of capsulolabral lesion. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22:1046-52. [PMID: 23415821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of anterior shoulder dislocations that predispose to recurrence is unknown; some clinicians recommend surgical repair after the initial episode and others after multiple recurrences. The purpose of this study was to quantify the forces during successive anterior dislocations of cadaveric shoulders and to inspect the capsule and labrum afterwards, in order to assess the propensity for recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two human cadaveric shoulders were tested using a custom cadaveric shoulder dislocation device with simulated muscle loading. Each was positioned in the apprehension position and the humerus was moved in horizontal abduction until the shoulder dislocated. The joint reaction force was measured, as was the force that developed passively in the pectoralis major muscle. Following 3 successive dislocations, each was inspected for anterior capsulolabral lesions. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in force after the second dislocation. In 11, there was no labral avulsion and a significant decrease in force after the first dislocation. In the other 11, there was a labral avulsion and a significant decrease in force after the second dislocation. CONCLUSION Two successive anterior shoulder dislocations may increase propensity for recurrence; but this is influenced by the type of capsulolabral lesion that occurs. No labral avulsion, likely a result of capsular stretching, may be a worse prognostic finding than labral avulsion after the initial episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McMahon
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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Lópiz-Morales Y, Alcobe-Bonilla J, García-Fernández C, Francés-Borrego A, Otero-Fernández R, Marco-Martínez F. [Results of revision after failed surgical treatment for traumatic anterior shoulder instability]. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2013; 57:208-16. [PMID: 23746919 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Persistent or recurrent glenohumeral instability after a previous operative stabilization can be a complex problem. Our aim is to establish the incidence of recurrence and its revision surgery, and to analyse the functional results of the revision instability surgery, as well as to determine surgical protocols to perform it. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients with recurrent instability out of 164 patients operated on between 1999 and 2011. The mean follow-up was 57 months and the mean age was 29 years. To evaluate functional outcome we employed Constant, Rowe, UCLA scores and the visual analogue scale. RESULTS Of the 12 patients who failed the initial arthroscopic surgery, 6 patients underwent an arthroscopic antero-inferior labrum repair technique, 4 using open labrum repair techniques, and 2 coracoid transfer. The two cases of open surgery with recurrences underwent surgery for coracoid transfer. Results of the Constant score were excellent or good in 64% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Surgical revision of instability is a complex surgery essentially for two reasons: the difficulty in recognising the problem, and the technical demand (greater variety and the increasingly complex techniques).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lópiz-Morales
- Departamento de Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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Results of revision after failed surgical treatment for traumatic anterior shoulder instability. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recote.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Freehill MT, Srikumaran U, Archer KR, McFarland EG, Petersen SA. The Latarjet coracoid process transfer procedure: alterations in the neurovascular structures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22:695-700. [PMID: 22947236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Latarjet coracoid process transfer procedure is an established, reliable treatment for glenoid deficiency associated with recurrent anterior shoulder instability, but changes in neurovascular anatomy resulting from the procedure are a concern. The purpose of our cadaveric study was to identify changes in the neurovascular anatomy after a Latarjet procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained 4 paired, fresh-frozen cadaveric forequarters (8 shoulders) from the Maryland State Anatomy Board. In each shoulder, we preoperatively measured the distances from the midanterior glenoid rim to the musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, and axillary artery in 2 directions (lateral to medial and superior to inferior) and with the arm in 2 positions (0° abduction/neutral rotation; 30° abduction/30° external rotation), for a total of 12 measurements. We then created a standardized bony defect in the anterior-inferior glenoid, reconstructed it with the Latarjet procedure, and repeated the same measurements. Two examiners independently took each measurement twice. Inter-rater reliability was adequate, allowing pre-Latarjet measurements to be combined, averaged, and compared with combined and averaged post-Latarjet measurements by using paired Student t tests (significance, P ≤ .05). RESULTS We found (1) significant differences in the location of the musculocutaneous nerve in the superior-to-inferior direction for both arm positions, (2) notably lax and consistently overlapping musculocutaneous and axillary nerves, and (3) an unchanged axillary artery location. CONCLUSIONS The Latarjet procedure resulted in consistent and clinically significant alterations in the anatomic relationships of the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves, which may make them vulnerable to injury during revision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Freehill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Verborgt O, Van den Bogaert G, Debeer P. Arthroscopic bone block augmentation of the anterior glenoid through the rotator interval: a cadaveric feasibility study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22:458-62. [PMID: 22748929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Arthroscopic augmentation of the anterior glenoid using a free bone graft through the rotator interval is possible without compromising the fixation and position of the graft MATERIAL AND METHODS In 7 cadavers arthroscopic augmentation of the anterior glenoid was performed. A preshaped, free graft was introduced and fixated with 1 central screw without desinsertion or split of the subscapularis tendon. Postoperatively, the orientation and position of the screw and position of the graft in the vertical and horizontal plane were analyzed on computer tomography (CT) scan. Macroscopic dissection was performed to assess damage to the conjoined and subscapularis tendon and surrounding neurovascular structures and to verify the position of the graft. RESULTS Postoperative CT scans showed no intra-articular perforation of the screw. The mean inclination angle in the axial plane was 21,2° (range, 9-48°). Postoperative dissection showed no damage to surrounding neurovascular structures. Fraying occurred at the lateral border of the conjoined tendon in 3 specimens, at the upper border of the subscapularis in 5 cases, but no tears were noted. In the vertical plane, the augmentation block was correctly (subequatorial) positioned in 5 cases; 2 blocks were at the level of the equator. In the horizontal plane, the augmentation block was flush with the articular surface in 5 cases and too medial in 2 cases (<5 mm). CONCLUSION This study showed that it is technically possible to perform a bone block procedure arthroscopically through the rotator interval without compromising the position and fixation of the graft and fixation screw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Verborgt
- Institutefor Orthopaedic Research and Training, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Butt U, Charalambous CP. Arthroscopic coracoid transfer in the treatment of recurrent shoulder instability: a systematic review of early results. Arthroscopy 2013; 29:774-9. [PMID: 23395114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Systematic review of the literature to characterize safety profile and complication rates associated with arthroscopic coracoid transfer procedures. METHODS We conducted a combined search of Medline, EMBASE, and the CINAHL databases from 1985 to November 2012. Articles were selected and data extracted according to standard criteria. RESULTS Only 3 studies met the inclusion criteria, and these originated from the pioneers of this technique. These studies described the results of 172 arthroscopic coracoid transfer procedures with an overall complication rate of 19.8% ± 5.6%. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 6/172 (3.5%) patients. Repeated surgery was described in 5/172 (2.9% ± 2.5%) cases, all for screw removal. The overall rate of recurrent instability was 3/172 cases (1.7% ± 2%). Hardware-related complications occurred in 4/172 patients (2.3% ± 2.3%). Coracoid grafts failed to unite in 14/172 patients (8.1% ± 4.1%); graft osteolysis was seen in 7/172 patients (4.1% ± 2.6%). The coracoid graft fractured in 2/172 cases (1.2% ± 1.6%); one of these occurred intraoperatively and one occurred early postoperatively. There was one transient nerve palsy (0.6% ± 1.1%). CONCLUSIONS Results of arthroscopic coracoid transfer surgery for anterior shoulder instability are sparse, with the available studies originating from the pioneers of this technique. Early results suggest that arthroscopic coracoid transfer is a technically feasible procedure that is able to restore shoulder stability. However, this technique seems to be associated with a high complication rate and a steep learning curve. Results from the wider orthopaedic shoulder arthroscopic community are awaited. Extensive cadaveric training and experience with the open technique is recommended before performing the arthroscopic procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic review of Level IV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Butt
- ST7 Trauma and Orthopaedics, North Manchester General Hospital, Crumpsall, England.
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Moroder P, Resch H, Schnaitmann S, Hoffelner T, Tauber M. The importance of CT for the pre-operative surgical planning in recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2013. [PMID: 23179478 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-012-1656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI is the current pre-operative imaging standard in recurrent anterior shoulder instability; however, CT has increasingly gained interest due to its advantages in the detection of bony glenoid defects. This study compares the value of CT imaging and MRI for pre-operative surgical planning in recurrent anterior shoulder instability. METHODS Between 2006 and 2009, 83 patients presented to the author's department with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. For 48 patients, both, pre-operative MRI and CT images were available. The respective patho-morphological descriptions were retrospectively compared with the intra-operative findings. The effect of each imaging technique on the pre-operative surgical planning was analyzed and the accuracy in predicting the necessity of open versus arthroscopic surgery was compared. RESULTS In determining the necessity of open versus arthroscopic surgery CT imaging rendered an inaccurate prediction in 4.8 % of the cases which is less than the 25.0 % calculated for MRI. (p = 0.019). MRI showed a low sensitivity (35.3 %) in the detection of significant glenoid bone defects (≥20 % of the glenoid width measured on en-face views using a best-fit circle technique) while CT imaging provided an accurate prediction of the intra-operative finding in all cases. CONCLUSION Despite the advantages of MRI in the detection of soft tissue damages in recurrent anterior shoulder instability CT imaging proved to be more important for pre-operative planning by prevailing in the detection of glenoid defects. Therefore, the replacement of MRI as preoperative imaging standard with CT imaging is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moroder
- Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Classic versus congruent coracoid positioning during the Latarjet procedure: an in vitro biomechanical comparison. Arthroscopy 2013; 29:309-16. [PMID: 23290180 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this biomechanical study was to compare the classic Latarjet technique and congruent-arc modification with respect to glenohumeral stability, joint stiffness, translation, and range of motion. METHODS Eight cadaveric forequarters were tested on a shoulder simulator that applied loads independently to the conjoint tendon, long head of biceps, rotator cuff, and deltoid. The test conditions included: intact, 30% glenoid defect, and reconstruction of the defect with the classic and congruent Latarjets. The Latarjet techniques were randomly ordered, with the outcome variables being anterior dislocation, glenohumeral translation, rotational range of motion, and joint stiffness. RESULTS All 8 specimens dislocated after creation of a 30% glenoid defect. The classic Latarjet stabilized 7 of 8 specimens, whereas the congruent-arc modification stabilized all specimens (8/8). In abduction neutral rotation, there was no difference in joint translation between techniques (P = .613). In abduction external rotation, there was significantly greater anterior humeral head translation after the congruent technique than after the classic (9.9 and 6.5 mm, respectively, P = .013). Rotational range of motion was significantly reduced after classic (-25.8°) and congruent (-22.2°) transfers as compared with the 30% defect (P ≤ .041). Joint stiffness in the abducted, externally rotated position was significantly reduced in the 30% defect as compared with intact (P = .012), congruent (P = .015), and classic (P < .001) conditions. In all abduction positions, the intact was not significantly different from the Latarjet techniques, and the techniques did not significantly differ from each other (P ≥ .102). CONCLUSIONS The classic and congruent-arc Latarjet techniques restore shoulder stability and motion in cases of considerable bone loss. The techniques do not substantially differ in rotational range of motion or joint stiffness. The congruent-arc technique, however, does result in significantly greater anterior humeral head translation, as compared with the classic technique, before reaching a stable non-dislocated endpoint. CLINICAL RELEVANCE On the basis of this biomechanical model, both the classic and congruent-arc Latarjet techniques can be used to stabilize a shoulder with substantial glenoid bone loss. Further clinical and biomechanical studies are required to determine if particular clinical circumstances exist where 1 technique has an advantage over the other.
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Lee RKL, Griffith JF, Tong MMP, Sharma N, Yung P. Glenoid bone loss: assessment with MR imaging. Radiology 2013; 267:496-502. [PMID: 23329661 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the agreement among magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and arthroscopy in the measurement of glenoid bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. One hundred seventy-six patients (158 male and 18 female patients; mean age, 26.8 years ± 12.3) with anterior shoulder dislocation underwent both shoulder MR imaging and CT examination. Anterior straight line length, glenoid width, and best-fit bone loss were measured with MR imaging and CT. Sixty-five patients also underwent arthroscopy, which was used as the standard of reference. Assessment of glenoid bone loss at MR imaging was compared with that at CT and arthroscopy. Inter- and intrareader reproducibility of MR imaging-derived measurements of glenoid bone loss was evaluated. RESULTS There was excellent correlation between CT and MR imaging with regard to anterior straight line length (r = 0.97, P < .0001), glenoid width (r = 0.95, P < .0001), and severity of glenoid bone loss-particularly with use of best-fit circle width (r = 0.83, P < .0001) rather than best-fit circle area (r = 0.82, P < .0001). In the assessment of glenoid bone loss, the correlation between CT and arthroscopy (r = 0.91, P < .0001) was marginally better than that between MR imaging and arthroscopy (r = 0.84, P < .0001). The inter- and intrareader correlations of MR imaging-derived measurements of glenoid bone loss were excellent (R = 0.90-0.95). CONCLUSION MR imaging assessment of glenoid bone loss, particularly with use of glenoid width, is almost as accurate as CT assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K L Lee
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology and Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing St, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Butt U, Charalambous CP. Complications associated with open coracoid transfer procedures for shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012; 21:1110-9. [PMID: 22608928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest has been maintained in the use of coracoid transfer procedures for recurrent shoulder instability despite the significant potential for serious complications. A comprehensive systematic review of the literature was performed to quantify and characterize the complication rate associated with these procedures to better inform practicing surgeons and their patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched for therapeutic studies published between 1985 and 2011. Data regarding complications was extracted from selected articles in a standardized manner. Complication rates were determined and expressed as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Included were 30 studies describing the results of 1658 coracoid transfer procedures. Repeat surgery was documented in 4.9% ± 1.0% of cases. Recurrent instability occurred in 6.0% ± 1.2%. Hardware complications occurred in 6.5% ± 1.3%. Collectively, the rate of graft nonunion, fibrous union, or postoperative graft migration was 10.1% ± 1.6%; graft osteolysis occurred in 1.6% ± 0.7%. There was a 1.2% ± 0.8% rate of nerve palsy. Surgical site infection occurred in 1.5% ± 0.7%. Intraoperative fractures occurred in 1.1 ± 0.6%. CONCLUSION Coracoid transfers for shoulder instability can improve shoulder stability with acceptable recurrence rates. They are challenging procedures associated with a broad range and significant incidence of complications. A detailed appreciation of anatomy and meticulous attention to technical detail, particularly graft placement, is key to reducing complications. These procedures may be best indicated in the setting of glenoid or humeral bony deficiency, although efficacy over open capsular procedures remains equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Butt
- North West Orthopaedic Training Rotation, North West, Blackburn, UK
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Ljungquist KL, Butler RB, Griesser MJ, Bishop JY. Prediction of coracoid thickness using a glenoid width-based model: implications for bone reconstruction procedures in chronic anterior shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012; 21:815-21. [PMID: 22217638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss can be a very challenging clinical problem. Significant bone loss is commonly managed with the Latarjet procedure. However, in some cases with severe glenoid bone loss, iliac crest bone grafting is required to obtain a graft of adequate size. Iliac crest bone graft is associated with high rates of donor-site complications. Whereas glenoid dimensions can be determined by use of 3-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions, the thickness of the coracoid cannot be easily measured. This study aims to define a ratio between glenoid width and coracoid thickness that can be used in preoperative planning to determine whether coracoid transfer will yield adequate bone graft to restore glenoid contour or whether iliac crest bone graft must be taken. METHODS We studied 100 paired cadaveric scapulae (50 male and 50 female scapulae). The bony dimensions of the coracoid and glenoid were measured for each specimen. RESULTS Coracoid and glenoid dimensions are provided. The mean thickness of the male coracoid was 35.4% of the width of the glenoid. The mean female coracoid thickness was 34.4% of the glenoid width. DISCUSSION A new biomorphologic model is presented to predict coracoid thickness and the ability of the Latarjet procedure to restore stability to a given bone-deficient glenoid. This model may aid the shoulder surgeon in preoperative planning and help promote successful outcomes in glenoid reconstruction surgery by determining whether a Latarjet procedure or iliac crest bone graft is the most appropriate procedure given the predicted amount of coracoid bone graft available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin L Ljungquist
- Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Shoulder Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Tian CY, Shang Y, Zheng ZZ. Glenoid bone lesions: comparison between 3D VIBE images in MR arthrography and nonarthrographic MSCT. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 36:231-6. [PMID: 22359387 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of using a fat-suppressed 3D volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence in magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography as a substitute for nonarthrographic multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in detecting glenoid bone lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fat-suppressed 3D VIBE MR arthrography and MSCT were performed in 56 patients (46 male, 10 female; age range, 14-51 years; mean age, 26 years). Based on the results of MSCT, the sensitivity and specificity of fat-suppressed 3D VIBE images for detection of bony Bankart lesion and glenoid bone loss were determined. Statistical significance of the percentages of glenoid bone loss between these two methods was calculated. RESULTS Bony Bankart lesions were noted in 23 (41.1%) of 56 glenohumeral joints, and glenoid bone loss was found in 40 (71.4%) of 56 patients at nonarthrographic MSCT. Compared with MSCT, the sensitivity and specificity of fat-suppressed 3D VIBE images in detecting bony Bankart lesions were 95.7%-100% and 93.9%-97.0%, respectively (kappa value = 0.926), and those in predicting glenoid bone loss were 95.0% and 93.8%, respectively. For quantification of glenoid bone loss, there was a high correlation between fat-suppressed 3D VIBE and MSCT (r = 0.921, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Fat-suppressed 3D VIBE MR arthrography is a promising substitute for MSCT as a reliable method for evaluating bony Bankart lesion and glenoid bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Tian
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Shoulder injuries in the throwing athlete are becoming more frequent. Sports specialization at a younger age, playing multiple seasons, increased awareness of injury and injury prevention, advances in diagnosis, and surgical treatment all play a part in the increase in diagnosis of these injuries. Understanding the biomechanics of throwing and pathologies that are encountered in the throwing athlete can aid the clinician in successful diagnosis and nonoperative/operative treatment of the throwing athlete. This article discusses the relevant anatomy, biomechanics, and pathoanatomy of the throwing shoulder. Additionally, understanding the kinetic chain can assist in the nonoperative rehabilitation of the injured shoulder. Surgical reconstruction is indicated when nonoperative efforts have been exhausted and is directed based on the extent of the pathology to the capsuloligamentous structures, labrum, and rotator cuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Jancosko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA.
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Two-year outcomes of open shoulder anterior capsular reconstruction for instability from severe capsular deficiency. Arthroscopy 2012; 28:43-51. [PMID: 21978433 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To document outcomes after anterior capsulolabral reconstruction for recurrent shoulder instability in 15 patients (20 shoulders) who have had multiple failed stabilizations or collagen disorders. METHODS Twenty shoulders with recurrent instability underwent revision stabilization with allograft reconstruction of anterior capsulolabral structures, which re-creates the labrum and capsular ligaments. The patients comprised 3 men and 12 women (mean age, 26 years [range, 18 to 38 years]) in whom multiple prior repairs failed and who had disability from continued pain and instability. Patients could choose to undergo either arthrodesis or salvage allograft reconstruction or to live with permanent disability. Of the patients, 5 had Ehlers-Danlos syndrome whereas 10 had hyperlaxity syndromes without genetic confirmation. Failure was defined as further instability surgery. Pain, shoulder function, instability (dislocations/subluxation), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores were documented. RESULTS At follow-up, 9 of 20 shoulders (45%) remained stable. Recurrent instability was reported in 5 shoulders (25%), but the patients chose not to undergo further surgery. In the 14 shoulders without further stabilization (nonfailures), the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score increased 43 points at a mean of 3.8 years (range, 2 to 6 years) postoperatively (P < .05). Mean satisfaction with outcome in nonfailures was 7 of 10 points (range, 1 to 10). Six shoulders failed by progressing to instability surgery at a mean of 8.6 months (range, 2.8 to 24 months). In the 6 shoulders that failed, the mean number of prior surgeries was 8 (range, 3 to 15) compared with a mean of 4 prior surgeries (range, 1 to 16) for the 9 nonfailures. CONCLUSIONS Treating patients in whom multiple stabilizations have failed remains challenging. In our series 9 shoulders (45%) remained completely stable at 3.8 years. Recurrent instability (3 reinjuries) requiring further stabilization occurred in 6 (30%). Subsequent treatment for non-instability reasons was performed in 3 (15%). Instability was reported but revision surgery was not performed in 5 (25%). In 8 nonfailures (64%), the patients were highly satisfied with their surgical outcomes. Our results support this salvage procedure as a viable alternative to arthrodesis in young patients with end-stage shoulder instability or collagen disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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Long-term result after traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: what works best? Musculoskelet Surg 2011; 95 Suppl 1:S65-70. [PMID: 21503722 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-011-0125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation is a common pathology. To inform the patient, it is therefore important to know the natural history of anterior dislocation and the long-term result of conservative treatment versus the long-term results of operative treatment. In this review article, we compare the effectiveness of various anatomical and non-anatomical interventions and between open and arthroscopic surgery. Evaluating of the result, we focused on the recurrence of instability, return to sport, and prevalence of articular cartilage degeneration in the several treatments.
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Dumont GD, Russell RD, Robertson WJ. Anterior shoulder instability: a review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis and treatment. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2011; 4:200-7. [PMID: 21808996 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-011-9092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The glenohumeral joint is inherently predisposed to instability by its bony architecture. The incidence of traumatic shoulder instability is 1.7% in the general population. Associated injuries to the capsulolabral structures of the glenohumeral joint have been described and may play a role in predicting recurrent instability. Advanced imaging, computed tomography or MRI may be necessary to adequately evaluate for associated glenohumeral pathology. Treatment algorithms have traditionally included a period of non-operative management in all patients, however young athletic patients may often benefit from early operative treatment. Various open and arthroscopic surgical options exist to address anterior glenohumeral instability. Bony injuries including bony Bankart lesions and Hills Sachs lesion have been implicated in failed surgical management using techniques that address only the soft tissues. An individualized treatment approach, based upon the patient's injury pattern and expectations, will likely lead to the most successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume D Dumont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Sports Medicine & Shoulder Service, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX, 75390-8883, USA,
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Braun S, Horan MP, Millett PJ. Open reconstruction of the anterior glenohumeral capsulolabral structures with tendon allograft in chronic shoulder instability. OPERATIVE ORTHOPADIE UND TRAUMATOLOGIE 2011; 23:29-36. [PMID: 21327956 DOI: 10.1007/s00064-010-0011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presented technique aims at reconstruction of the anterior capsulolabral structures of the glenohumeral joint in the case of recurrent severe instability after multiple surgical attempts to achieve stabilization. INDICATIONS The procedure is indicated for patients experiencing significant lifestyle-limiting recurrent shoulder instability with etiologic soft tissue deficiency. CONTRAINDICATIONS Bony defects or abnormalities can not be addressed with the index technique. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE A standard deltopectoral approach with lateral incision of the subscapularis tendon is used for exposure to prepare the anterior glenoid rim. Suture anchors placed at the glenoid rim are used for fixation of a tibialis anterior tendon allograft, which is tightened and fixed to the bone on the humerus with intereference screws. This recreates the anterior labrum and the middle glenohumeral ligament and the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Intraosseuos repair of the subscapularis tendon and reinforcement of the capsular structures by sewing the capsule into the allograft complete the procedure. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT Postoperatively, the use of an arm sling is recommended for 6 weeks with limited physical exercises to avoid stretching the tightened and reconstructed soft tissue structures. RESULTS The results of this salvage procedure in this highly challenging population have been satisfying. Twenty shoulders in 15 patients were operated (3 male, 12 female, average age 26 years) from July 2002 to April 2008. In 14 of the 20 (70%) shoulders, adequate stability was gained and no further surgery was required. The average ASES score increased by 37 points at a mean follow-up of 37 months (range 22-74 months). Mean satisfaction with surgical outcomes was 6.5 points (max. 10). In 5 patients, 6 shoulders were considered failures and required further surgical treatment after a mean of 9 months (range 3-24 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Braun
- Abt. Sportorthopädie, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
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