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Hasan M, Kurniawan N, Soewondo A, Nalley WMM, Matsui M, Igawa T, Sumida M. Postmating isolation and evolutionary relationships among Fejervarya species from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia and other Asian countries revealed by crossing experiments and mtDNA Cytb sequence analyses. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9436. [PMID: 36284521 PMCID: PMC9587461 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the degree of postmating isolation and the evolutionary relationships among frog species in the genus Fejervarya from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda), Bangladesh, China, and Japan, crossing experiments and molecular phylogenetic analyses were carried out. Crossing experiments revealed that reciprocal hybrids among F. iskandari, F. verruculosa, and F. sp. large type and between F. multistriata and F. kawamurai are viable through metamorphosis, while those between the F. iskandari group and F. limnocharis group were completely or partially inviable at the tadpole stage and those between Southeast Asian and South Asian Fejervarya groups were completely inviable at the embryonic stage. The mature reciprocal hybrids between F. iskandari and F. verruculosa from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia, showed some degree of abnormality in spermatogenesis. In phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA Cytb sequences, F. iskandari formed a sister clade with F. verruculosa from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia, with 8.1% sequence divergence. F. multistriata from China formed a clade with populations of F. limnocharis in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia (topotype), and these taxa showed sister relationships to F. kawamurai from Japan with 8.9% sequence divergence. Fejervarya sp. small type from Bangladesh formed a clade with the other South Asian members of the Fejervarya group and formed a sister clade with the Southeast Asian Fejervarya group, with 23.1% sequence divergence in the Cytb gene. These results showed that the degree of postmating isolation reflects molecular phylogenetic relationships and that F. iskandari and F. verruculosa from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda) are reproductively isolated by abnormalities in spermatogenesis and show genetic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of FisheriesBangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science and Technology UniversityJamalpurBangladesh
- Amphibian Research CenterHiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshimaJapan
| | - Nia Kurniawan
- Amphibian Research CenterHiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshimaJapan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesBrawijaya UniversityMalangEast JavaIndonesia
| | - Aris Soewondo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesBrawijaya UniversityMalangEast JavaIndonesia
| | | | - Masafumi Matsui
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takeshi Igawa
- Amphibian Research CenterHiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshimaJapan
| | - Masayuki Sumida
- Amphibian Research CenterHiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshimaJapan
- Present address:
1‐6‐15 UshitaasahiHiroshimaJapan
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Multiple Mechanistic Action of Brevinin-1FL Peptide against Oxidative Stress Effects in an Acute Inflammatory Model of Carrageenan-Induced Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2615178. [PMID: 36105482 PMCID: PMC9467757 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2615178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Amphibian skin is acknowledged to contain an antioxidant system composed of various gene-encoded antioxidant peptides, which exert significant effects on host defense. Nevertheless, recognition of such peptides is in its infancy so far. Here, we reported the antioxidant properties and underlying mechanism of a new antioxidant peptide, brevinin-1FL, identified from Fejervarya limnocharis frog skin. The cDNA sequence encoding brevinin-1FL was successfully cloned from the total cDNA of F. limnocharis and showed to contain 222 bp. The deduced mature peptide sequence of brevinin-1FL was FWERCSRWLLN. Functional analysis revealed that brevinin-1FL could concentration-dependently scavenge ABTS+, DPPH, NO, and hydroxyl radicals and alleviate iron oxidation. Besides, brevinin-1FL was found to show neuroprotective activity by reducing contents of MDA and ROS plus mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, and suppressing H2O2-induced death, apoptosis, and cycle arrest in PC12 cells which were associated with its regulation of AKT/MAPK/NF-κB signal pathways. Moreover, brevinin-1FL relieved paw edema, decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MPO, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and restored catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity plus glutathione (GSH) contents in the mouse injected by carrageenan. Together, these findings indicate that brevinin-1FL as an antioxidant has potent therapeutic potential for the diseases induced by oxidative damage. Meanwhile, this study will help us further comprehend the biological functions of amphibian skin and the mechanism by which antioxidants protect cells from oxidative stress.
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Zheng Y, Zhang S, Lu Q, Zhang S, Wang L, Hong M, Nguyen T, Zhao J, Yao M. Population genetic patterns of a mangrove‐associated frog reveal its colonization history and habitat connectivity. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Zheng
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Shan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Life Sciences Hainan Normal University Haikou China
| | - Meiling Hong
- College of Life Sciences Hainan Normal University Haikou China
| | - Truong Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Graduate University of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Jindong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Meng Yao
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
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Cairns NA, Cicchino AS, Stewart KA, Austin JD, Lougheed SC. Cytonuclear discordance, reticulation and cryptic diversity in one of North America's most common frogs. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 156:107042. [PMID: 33338660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Complicated phylogenetic histories benefit from diverse sources of inference. Pseudacris crucifer (spring peeper) spans most of eastern North America and comprises six mtDNA lineages that form multiple contact zones. The putative Miocene or early Pliocene origins of the oldest lineages within Pseudacris crucifer imply sufficient time for species-level divergence. To understand why this species appears unified while congeners have radiated, we analyze and compare male advertisement calls, mitochondrial, and nuclear markers and speak to the complex processes that have potentially influenced its contemporary patterns. We find extensive geographic and topological mitonuclear discordance, with three nuclear lineages containing 6 more-structured mtDNA lineages, and nuclear introgression at some contact zones. Male advertisement call differentiation is incongruent with the genetic structure as only one lineage appears differentiated. Occupying the Interior Highlands of the central United States, this Western lineage also has the most concordant mitochondrial and nuclear geographic patterns. Based on our findings we suggest that the antiquity of common ancestors was not as important as the maintenance of allopatry in the divergence in P. crucifer genetic lineages. We use multiple lines of evidence to generate hypotheses of isolation, reticulation, and discordance within this species and to expand our understanding of the early stages of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cairns
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - A S Cicchino
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, United States.
| | - K A Stewart
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 904 Science Park, 1098XH Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
| | - J D Austin
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - S C Lougheed
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Origin and intraspecific diversification of the scincid lizard Ateuchosaurus pellopleurus with implications for historical island biogeography of the Central Ryukyus of Japan. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Byrne PG, Silla AJ. An experimental test of the genetic consequences of population augmentation in an amphibian. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G. Byrne
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Aimee J. Silla
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
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Mulcahy DG, Lee JL, Miller AH, Chand M, Thura MK, Zug GR. Filling the BINs of life: Report of an amphibian and reptile survey of the Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) Region of Myanmar, with DNA barcode data. Zookeys 2018:85-152. [PMID: 29780268 PMCID: PMC5958176 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.757.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite threats of species extinctions, taxonomic crises, and technological advances in genomics and natural history database informatics, we are still distant from cataloguing all of the species of life on earth. Amphibians and reptiles are no exceptions; in fact new species are described nearly every day and many species face possible extinction. The number of described species continues to climb as new areas of the world are explored and as species complexes are examined more thoroughly. The use of DNA barcoding provides a mechanism for rapidly estimating the number of species at a given site and has the potential to record all of the species of life on Earth. Though DNA barcoding has its caveats, it can be useful to estimate the number of species in a more systematic and efficient manner, to be followed in combination with more traditional, morphology-based identifications and species descriptions. Herein, we report the results of a voucher-based herpetological expedition to the Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) Region of Myanmar, enhanced with DNA barcode data. Our main surveys took place in the currently proposed Tanintharyi National Park. We combine our results with photographs and observational data from the Chaung-nauk-pyan forest reserve. Additionally, we provide the first checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the region, with species based on the literature and museum. Amphibians, anurans in particular, are one of the most poorly known groups of vertebrates in terms of taxonomy and the number of known species, particularly in Southeast Asia. Our rapid-assessment program combined with DNA barcoding and use of Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) of voucher specimens reveals the depth of taxonomic diversity in the southern Tanintharyi herpetofauna even though only a third of the potential amphibians and reptiles were seen. A total of 51 putative species (one caecilian, 25 frogs, 13 lizards, 10 snakes, and two turtles) were detected, several of which represent potentially undescribed species. Several of these species were detected by DNA barcode data alone. Furthermore, five species were recorded for the first time in Myanmar, two amphibians (Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis and Chalcorana eschatia) and three snakes (Ahaetulla mycterizans, Boiga dendrophila, and Boiga drapiezii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Mulcahy
- Global Genome Initiative, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th & Constitution Ave., Washington, DC, 20013 USA
| | - Justin L Lee
- College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park Maryland, 20742 USA
| | - Aryeh H Miller
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC 28804 USA
| | - Mia Chand
- College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23187 USA
| | - Myint Kyaw Thura
- Myanmar Environment Sustainable Conservation (MESC), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - George R Zug
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013 USA
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Chang CW, Huang BH, Lin SM, Huang CL, Liao PC. Changes of diet and dominant intestinal microbes in farmland frogs. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:33. [PMID: 26966006 PMCID: PMC4785643 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural activities inevitably result in anthropogenic interference with natural habitats. The diet and the gut microbiota of farmland wildlife can be altered due to the changes in food webs within agricultural ecosystems. In this work, we compared the diet and intestinal microbiota of the frog Fejervarya limnocharis in natural and farmland habitats in order to understand how custom farming affects the health of in vivo microbial ecosystems. RESULTS The occurrence, abundance, and the numbers of prey categories of stomach content were significantly different between the frogs inhabiting natural and farmland habitats. In addition, differences in the abundance, species richness, and alpha-diversity of intestinal microbial communities were also statistically significant. The microbial composition, and particularly the composition of dominant microbes living in intestines, indicated that the land use practices might be one of factors affecting the gut microbial community composition. Although the first three dominant microbial phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria found in the intestines of frogs were classified as generalists among habitats, the most dominant gut bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes in natural environments was replaced by the microbial phylum Firmicutes in farmland frogs. Increased intestinal microbial richness of the farmland frogs, which is mostly contributed by numerous microbial species of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes, not only reflects the possible shifts in microbial community composition through the alteration of external ecosystem, but also indicates the higher risk of invasion by disease-related microbes. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that anthropogenic activities, such as the custom farming, have not only affected the food resources of frogs, but also influenced the health and in vivo microbial ecosystem of wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Chang
- />Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
- />Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Technical Service Division, Taipei, 10066 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hong Huang
- />Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Si-Min Lin
- />Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Huang
- />Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- />Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
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Timeframe of speciation inferred from secondary contact zones in the European tree frog radiation (Hyla arborea group). BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:155. [PMID: 26253600 PMCID: PMC4528686 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybridization between incipient species is expected to become progressively limited as their genetic divergence increases and reproductive isolation proceeds. Amphibian radiations and their secondary contact zones are useful models to infer the timeframes of speciation, but empirical data from natural systems remains extremely scarce. Here we follow this approach in the European radiation of tree frogs (Hyla arborea group). We investigated a natural hybrid zone between two lineages (Hyla arborea and Hyla orientalis) of Mio-Pliocene divergence (~5 My) for comparison with other hybrid systems from this group. Results We found concordant geographic distributions of nuclear and mitochondrial gene pools, and replicated narrow transitions (~30 km) across two independent transects, indicating an advanced state of reproductive isolation and potential local barriers to dispersal. This result parallels the situation between H. arborea and H. intermedia, which share the same amount of divergence with H. orientalis. In contrast, younger lineages show much stronger admixture at secondary contacts. Conclusions Our findings corroborate the negative relationship between hybridizability and divergence time in European tree frogs, where 5 My are necessary to achieve almost complete reproductive isolation. Speciation seems to progress homogeneously in this radiation, and might thus be driven by gradual genome-wide changes rather than single speciation genes. However, the timescale differs greatly from that of other well-studied amphibians. General assumptions on the time necessary for speciation based on evidence from unrelated taxa may thus be unreliable. In contrast, comparative hybrid zone analyses within single radiations such as our case study are useful to appreciate the advance of speciation in space and time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0385-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Inferring the degree of incipient speciation in secondary contact zones of closely related lineages of Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup). Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:9-20. [PMID: 24713825 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive isolation between lineages is expected to accumulate with divergence time, but the time taken to speciate may strongly vary between different groups of organisms. In anuran amphibians, laboratory crosses can still produce viable hybrid offspring >20 My after separation, but the speed of speciation in closely related anuran lineages under natural conditions is poorly studied. Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup) offer an excellent system to address this question, comprising several lineages that arose at different times and form secondary contact zones. Using mitochondrial and nuclear markers, we previously demonstrated that in Sicily, B. siculus and B. balearicus developed advanced reproductive isolation after Plio-Pleistocene divergence (2.6 My, 3.3-1.9), with limited historic mtDNA introgression, scarce nuclear admixture, but low, if any, current gene flow. Here, we study genetic interactions between younger lineages of early Pleistocene divergence (1.9 My, 2.5-1.3) in northeastern Italy (B. balearicus, B. viridis). We find significantly more, asymmetric nuclear and wider, differential mtDNA introgression. The population structure seems to be molded by geographic distance and barriers (rivers), much more than by intrinsic genomic incompatibilities. These differences of hybridization between zones may be partly explained by differences in the duration of previous isolation. Scattered research on other anurans suggests that wide hybrid zones with strong introgression may develop when secondary contacts occur <2 My after divergence, whereas narrower zones with restricted gene flow form when divergence exceeds 3 My. Our study strengthens support for this rule of thumb by comparing lineages with different divergence times within the same radiation.
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Patawang I, Tanomtong A, Phimphan S, Chuaynkern Y, Chuaynkern C, Phaengphairee P, Khrueanet W, Nithikulworawong N. The Identification of Sex-Chromosomes and Karyological Analysis of Rice Frog, Fejervarya limnocharis(Anura, Ranidae) from Northeast Thailand. CYTOLOGIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.79.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isara Patawang
- Genetics and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
| | - Alongklod Tanomtong
- Genetics and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
| | - Sumalee Phimphan
- Genetics and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
| | - Yodchaiy Chuaynkern
- Genetics and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
| | - Chantip Chuaynkern
- Genetics and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
| | | | - Wilailuk Khrueanet
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Nong Kai Campus, Khon Kaen University
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Alam MS, Islam MM, Khan MR, Hasan M, Wanichanon R, Sumida M. Postmating Isolation in Six Species of Three Genera (Hoplobatrachus, EuphlyctisandFejervarya) from Family Dicroglossidae (Anura), with Special Reference to Spontaneous Production of Allotriploids. Zoolog Sci 2012; 29:743-52. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.29.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hasan M, Islam MM, Khan MR, Alam MS, Kurabayashi A, Igawa T, Kuramoto M, Sumida M. Cryptic anuran biodiversity in Bangladesh revealed by mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Zoolog Sci 2012; 29:162-72. [PMID: 22379983 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.29.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To survey the diversity of anuran species in Bangladesh, we compared mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences (approximately 1.4 kbp) from 107 Bangladesh frog specimens. The results of genetic divergence and phylogenetic analyses incorporating data from related species revealed the occurrence of at least eight cryptic species. Hoplobatrachus tigerinus from two districts diverged considerably, indicating the involvement of a cryptic species. Two Fejervarya sp. (large and medium types) and Hylarana cf. taipehensis formed lineages distinct from related species and are probably new species. Microhyla cf. ornata differed from M. ornata with respect to type locality area and involved two distinct species. In addition, we found that Hylarana sp. and Microhyla sp. did not match congeners examined to date in either morphology or 16S rRNA sequence. The occurrence of M. fissipes was tentatively suggested. Consequently, at least, 19 species were found from Bangladesh in this study. These findings revealed a rich anuran biodiversity in Bangladesh, which is unexpected considering the rather simple topographic features of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hasan
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Djong HT, Matsui M, Kuramoto M, Nishioka M, Sumida M. A new species of the Fejervarya limnocharis complex from Japan (Anura, Dicroglossidae). Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:922-9. [PMID: 22132790 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new species of dicroglossid frog of the Fejervarya limnocharis complex from western Honshu, Japan Mainland. The new species, Fejervarya kawamurai, is genetically closer to F. sakishimensis than to F. limnocharis. It differs from F. sakishimensis by smaller tympanum, head, forelimb, hindlimb, foot, and tibia lengths, all relative to snout-vent length, and from F. multistriata by relatively shorter forelimb, hindlimb, foot, and tibia. From F. limnocharis and F. iskandari, it is differentiated by relatively smaller forelimb, hindlimb, foot, and tibia lengths. Taxonomic problems of Fejervarya populations occurring in Central Ryukyus, continental China, and Taiwan are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Tjong Djong
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Wu CS, Gomez-Mestre I, Kam YC. Irreversibility of a bad start: early exposure to osmotic stress limits growth and adaptive developmental plasticity. Oecologia 2011; 169:15-22. [PMID: 22037992 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Harsh environments experienced early in development have immediate effects and potentially long-lasting consequences throughout ontogeny. We examined how salinity fluctuations affected survival, growth and development of Fejervarya limnocharis tadpoles. Specifically, we tested whether initial salinity effects on growth and rates of development were reversible and whether they affected the tadpoles' ability to adaptively accelerate development in response to deteriorating conditions later in development. Tadpoles were initially assigned to either low or high salinity, and then some were switched between salinity levels upon reaching either Gosner stage 30 (early switch) or 38 (late switch). All tadpoles initially experiencing low salinity survived whereas those initially experiencing high salinity had poor survival, even if switched to low salinity. Growth and developmental rates of tadpoles initially assigned to high salinity did not increase after osmotic stress release. Initial low salinity conditions allowed tadpoles to attain a fast pace of development even if exposed to high salinity afterwards. Tadpoles experiencing high salinity only late in development metamorphosed faster and at a smaller size, indicating an adaptive acceleration of development to avoid osmotic stress. Nonetheless, early exposure to high salinity precluded adaptive acceleration of development, always causing delayed metamorphosis relative to those in initially low salinity. Our results thus show that stressful environments experienced early in development can critically impact life history traits, having long-lasting or irreversible effects, and restricting their ability to produce adaptive plastic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shiun Wu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu WY, Wang CY, Wang TS, Fellers GM, Lai BC, Kam YC. Impacts of the herbicide butachlor on the larvae of a paddy field breeding frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) in subtropical Taiwan. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:377-384. [PMID: 21210217 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Butachlor is the most commonly used herbicide on paddy fields in Taiwan and throughout Southeast Asia. Since paddy fields provide habitat for pond breeding amphibians, we examined growth, development, time to metamorphosis, and survival of alpine cricket frog tadpoles (Fejervarya limnocharis) exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of butachlor. We documented negative impacts of butachlor on survival, development, and time to metamorphosis, but not on tadpole growth. The 96 h LC(50) for tadpoles was 0.87 mg/l, much lower than the 4.8 mg/l recommended dosage for application to paddy fields. Even given the rapid breakdown of butachlor, tadpoles would be exposed to concentrations in excess of their 96 h LC(50) for an estimated 126 h. We also documented DNA damage (genotoxicity) in tadpoles exposed to butachlor at concentrations an order of magnitude less than the 4.8 mg/l recommended application rate. We did not find that butachlor depressed cholinesterase activity of tadpoles, unlike most organophosphorus insecticides. We conclude that butachlor is likely to have widespread negative impacts on amphibians occupying paddy fields with traditional herbicide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Liu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Alam MS, Kurabayashi A, Hayashi Y, Sano N, Khan MR, Fujii T, Sumida M. Complete mitochondrial genomes and novel gene rearrangements in two dicroglossid frogs, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus and Euphlyctis hexadactylus, from Bangladesh. Genes Genet Syst 2011; 85:219-32. [PMID: 21041980 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.85.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial (mt) genomes from two dicroglossid frogs, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Indian Bullfrog) and Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Indian Green frog). The genome sizes are 20462 bp in H. tigerinus and 20280 bp in E. hexadactylus. Although both genomes encode the typical 37 mt genes, the following unique features are observed: 1) the ND5 genes are duplicated in H. tigerinus that have completely identical sequences, whereas duplicated ND5 genes in E. hexadactylus possessed dissimilar substitutions; 2) duplicated control region (CR) in H. tigerinus has almost identical sequences whereas single control region (CR) was found in E. hexadactylus; 3) the tRNA-Leu (CUN) gene is translocated from the LTPF tRNA cluster to downstream of ND5-1 in H. tigerinus, and the tRNA-Pro gene is translocated from the LTPF tRNA cluster to downstream of CR in E. hexadactylus; 4) pseudo tRNA-Leu (CUN) and tRNA-Pro genes are observed in E. hexadactylus; and 5) two tRNA-Met genes are encoded in both species, as observed in the previously reported dicroglossid mt genomes. Almost all observed gene rearrangements in H. tigerinus and E. hexadactylus can be explained by the tandem duplication and random loss model, except translocation of tRNA-Pro in E. hexadactylus. The novel mt genomic features found in this study may be useful for future phylogenetic studies in the dicroglossid taxa. However, the mt genome with interesting features found in the present study reveal a high level of variation of gene order and gene content, inspiring more research to understand the mechanisms behind gene and genome evolution in the dicroglossid and as well as in the amphibian taxa in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafiqul Alam
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Japan
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18
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Angulo A, Icochea J. Cryptic species complexes, widespread species and conservation: lessons from Amazonian frogs of theLeptodactylus marmoratusgroup (Anura: Leptodactylidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2010.507264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Colliard C, Sicilia A, Turrisi GF, Arculeo M, Perrin N, Stöck M. Strong reproductive barriers in a narrow hybrid zone of West-Mediterranean green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup) with Plio-Pleistocene divergence. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:232. [PMID: 20670415 PMCID: PMC2923517 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One key question in evolutionary biology deals with the mode and rate at which reproductive isolation accumulates during allopatric speciation. Little is known about secondary contacts of recently diverged anuran species. Here we conduct a multi-locus field study to investigate a contact zone between two lineages of green toads with an estimated divergence time of 2.7 My, and report results from preliminary experimental crosses. RESULTS The Sicilian endemic Bufo siculus and the Italian mainland-origin B. balearicus form a narrow hybrid zone east of Mt. Etna. Despite bidirectional mtDNA introgression over a ca. 40 km North-South cline, no F1 hybrids could be found, and nuclear genomes display almost no admixture. Populations from each side of the contact zone showed depressed genetic diversity and very strong differentiation (FST = 0.52). Preliminary experimental crosses point to a slightly reduced fitness in F1 hybrids, a strong hybrid breakdown in backcrossed offspring (F1 x parental, with very few reaching metamorphosis) and a complete and early mortality in F2 (F1 x F1). CONCLUSION Genetic patterns at the contact zone are molded by drift and selection. Local effective sizes are reduced by the geography and history of the contact zone, B. balearicus populations being at the front wave of a recent expansion (late Pleistocene). Selection against hybrids likely results from intrinsic genomic causes (disruption of coadapted sets of genes in backcrosses and F2-hybrids), possibly reinforced by local adaptation (the ranges of the two taxa roughly coincide with the borders of semiarid and arid climates). The absence of F1 in the field might be due to premating isolation mechanisms. Our results, show that these lineages have evolved almost complete reproductive isolation after some 2.7 My of divergence, contrasting sharply with evidence from laboratory experiments that some anuran species may still produce viable F1 offspring after > 20 My of divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Colliard
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Kotaki M, Kurabayashi A, Matsui M, Kuramoto M, Djong TH, Sumida M. Molecular Phylogeny of the Diversified Frogs of Genus Fejervarya (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:386-95. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kotaki
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsui
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Tjong Hon Djong
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sumida
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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21
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Kurniawan N, Islam MM, Djong TH, Igawa T, Daicus MB, Yong HS, Wanichanon R, Khan MMR, Iskandar DT, Nishioka M, Sumida M. Genetic Divergence and Evolutionary Relationship inFejervarya cancrivorafrom Indonesia and Other Asian Countries Inferred from Allozyme and MtDNA Sequence Analyses. Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:222-33. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Ren Z, Zhu B, Ma E, Wen J, Tu T, Cao Y, Hasegawa M, Zhong Y. Complete nucleotide sequence and gene arrangement of the mitochondrial genome of the crab-eating frog Fejervarya cancrivora and evolutionary implications. Gene 2009; 441:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Wu CS, Kam YC. Effects of Salinity on the Survival, Growth, Development, and Metamorphosis ofFejervarya limnocharisTadpoles Living in Brackish Water. Zoolog Sci 2009; 26:476-82. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Islam MM, Khan MMR, Tjong DH, Alam MS, Sumida M. Genetic differentiation of the Fejervarya limnocharis complex from Bangladesh and other Asian countries elucidated by allozyme analyses. Zoolog Sci 2008; 25:261-72. [PMID: 18393563 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.25.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to elucidate the genetic divergence and the phylogenetic relationships in the F. limnocharis complex from Bangladesh and other Asian countries such as Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan and Japan by allozyme analyses. We used a total of 95 frogs of the F. limnocharis complex from these countries and F. cancrivora from the Philippines as an outgroup. Based on body size, the F. limnocharis complex from Bangladesh was divided into three distinct groups: large, medium and small types. Allozyme analyses were carried out with 28 loci encoding 20 enzymes and two blood proteins by horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. When genetic distance was calculated, distinct divergence was found among the three types: mean genetic distance was 0.782 between the small and medium types, 1.458 between the large and medium types, and 1.520 between the large and small types. Phylogenetic trees based on genetic distance showed that all populations of Bangladesh small type strongly formed a cluster and were found to be most closely related to the Sri Lanka population; that all populations of Bangladesh large type formed a very strong cluster and were grouped with several populations from Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, and Taiwan; and that the medium type was segregated from all other groups. This may imply that each of the three types is a different species, and that the medium type is possibly an undescribed taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mafizul Islam
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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25
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Zhong J, Liu ZQ, Wang YQ. Phylogeography of the rice frog, Fejervarya multistriata (Anura: Ranidae), from China based on mtDNA D-loop sequences. Zoolog Sci 2008; 25:811-20. [PMID: 18795815 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.25.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rice frog, Fejervarya multistriata, is an amphibian widely distributed in China. In this study, we sampled the species across its distributional area in China and sequenced the mtDNA D-loop to investigate the genetic diversity and geographical pattern of the frog population. The results revealed 38 haplotypes in the population, with K2P values varying from 0.19% to 4.22%. Both a phylogenetic analysis and a nested clade analysis (NCA) detected two geographically isolated lineages respectively distributed around the Yangtze drainage (Yangtze lineage) and the south of China (southern lineage). NCA inferred a contiguous range expansion within the Yangtze lineage and allopatric fragmentation within the southern lineage, which might be partly due to the limited samples from this lineage. Accordingly, Fu's Fs test also indicated a population expansion after glacial movement. Therefore, we assumed that the species history responding to glacial events shaped the present population pattern of F. multistriata on the Chinese mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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26
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Alam MS, Igawa T, Khan MMR, Islam MM, Kuramoto M, Matsui M, Kurabayashi A, Sumida M. Genetic divergence and evolutionary relationships in six species of genera Hoplobatrachus and Euphlyctis (Amphibia: Anura) from Bangladesh and other Asian countries revealed by mitochondrial gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 48:515-27. [PMID: 18513995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the species composition, genetic divergence, evolutionary relationships, and divergence time of Hoplobatrachus and Euphlyctis frogs (subfamily Dicroglossinae, family Ranidae) in Bangladesh and other Asian countries, we analyzed the mitochondrial Cyt b, 12S, and 16S rRNA genes of 252 specimens. Our phylogenetic analyses showed 13 major clades corresponding to several cryptic species as well as to nominal species in the two genera. The results suggested monophyly of Asian Hoplobatrachus species, but the position of African Hoplobatrachus occipitalis was not clarified. Nucleotide divergence and phylogenetic data suggested the presence of allopatric cryptic species allied to Euphlyctis hexadactylus in Sundarban, Bangladesh and several parapatric cryptic species in the Western Ghats, India. The presence of at least two allopatric cryptic species among diverged Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis in Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka was also suggested. In some cases, our estimated divergence times matched the paleogeological events of South and Southeast Asian regions that may have led to the divergence of Hoplobatrachus and Euphlyctis taxa. Especially, land formation at Bangladesh (15-10Ma) may have allowed the spread of these frog taxa to Southeast Asian areas, and the aridification of central India (5.1-1.6Ma) might have affected the gene flow of widely distributed species. The present study revealed prior underestimation of the richness of the amphibian fauna in this region, indicating the possible occurrence of many cryptic species among these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafiqul Alam
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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27
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Kotaki M, Kurabayashi A, Matsui M, Khonsue W, Djong TH, Tandon M, Sumida M. Genetic Divergences and Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Fejervarya limnocharis Complex in Thailand and Neighboring Countries Revealed by Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes. Zoolog Sci 2008; 25:381-90. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.25.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Djong TH, Matsui M, Kuramoto M, Belabut DM, Sen YH, Nishioka M, Sumida M. Morphological divergence, reproductive isolating mechanism, and molecular phylogenetic relationships among Indonesia, Malaysia, and Japan populations of the Fejervarya limnocharis complex (Anura, Ranidae). Zoolog Sci 2008; 24:1197-212. [PMID: 18271636 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.24.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the taxonomic status of the Fejervarya limnocharis complex relative to Malaysia and Japan populations, morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis were carried out using three populations from Indonesia (type locality), Malaysia, and Japan. In addition, we conducted histological and spermatogenic observations using hybrids among these populations. Principal component and cluster analyses demonstrated that these populations could be clearly separated from one another. Abnormal testes were found in the hybrids between the Japan and Indonesia populations and between the Japan and Malaysia populations, but testes of the controls and hybrids between the Malaysia and Indonesia populations were quite normal. The mean number of univalents per cell was 5.42, 4.58, and 0.20 in hybrids between the Indonesia and Japan populations, Malaysia and Japan populations, and Indonesia and Malaysia populations, respectively. Sequence divergences in 16S rRNA and Cyt b genes were 0-0.4% (xbar=0.2%) and 0.3-1.5% (xbar=1.0%), respectively, between the Malaysia and Indonesia populations, and 2.4-2.6% (xbar=2.5%) and 11.0-12.0% (xbar=11.5%) between the Japan population and F. limnocharis complex, including the Malaysia and Indonesia populations and F. multistriata from China. This study indicated that the Malaysia population and F. multistriata from China should be designated as a subspecies of topotypic F. limnocharis, and that the Japan population should be regarded as a distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjong Hon Djong
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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A New Species of Frog Allied to Fejervarya limnocharis from the Southern Ryukyus, Japan (Amphibia: Ranidae). CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.3105/1881-1019(2007)26[65:ansofa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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