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Igbokwe CO, Mbajiorgu FE, Bello UM. Anatomical and Surface Electron Microscopic Investigation of the Tongue and Laryngeal Prominence in the Red-Eyed Turtle Dove (Streptopelia semitorquata, Rüppel 1837). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:619-631. [PMID: 38905160 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the morphology of tongue and laryngeal structures in red-eyed dove and related it to feeding habits. Samples were examined using gross anatomy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histological techniques. The tongue conformed to the shape of the lower beak, and the apex with a pointed tip, body, and root were distinguished. A median grove was apparent, and a papillary crest with pointed triangular papillae separated the body from the root. The length of the tongue, its width (body), and the percentage of the length of the lower jaw occupied by the tongue were, on average, 12.5 mm, 2.3 mm, and 57.3%, respectively. SEM showed highly desquamated dorsal epithelium with pointed papillae-like projections. The papillary crest presented pointed papillae of about 20-22. Salivary openings were apparent in the root, surrounded by mucosal folds and blunt papillae. Laryngeal prominence was irregularly triangular shaped and elevated. The rim of the glottis showed glandular pinpointed marks. Typical cornified multilayered mucosal epithelium was present in the apex and decreased caudally. Hyaline entoglossal cartilage and adjoining connective tissue were present in the body and apex. Numerous tubuloalveolar glands were seen in the body and root. The rim of the glottis showed mucous intraepithelial glands. The rostral and caudal lingual glands indicated positive reaction to neutral and acidic mucins. This study demonstrated a morphofunctional relationship of the tongue of a red-eyed dove to its diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casmir Onwuaso Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, Malawi
| | - Felix Ejikeme Mbajiorgu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Umar Muhammed Bello
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Jackowiak H. Pattern Distribution of Connexins in the Ortho- and Parakeratinized Epithelium of the Lingual Mucosa in Birds. Cells 2023; 12:1776. [PMID: 37443811 PMCID: PMC10341081 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are important proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication and cytodifferentiation during renewal and cornification of the multilayered epithelia. So far, there is a lack of reports on this subject in birds' structurally different ortho- and parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue. The study aims to describe the distribution and expression profiles of the α-connexins (Cx40 and 43) and β-connexins (Cx26, 30, and 31) in those epithelia in duck, goose, and domestic turkey. Research revealed the presence of the mentioned connexins and the occurrence of interspecies differences. Connexins form gap junctions in the cell membrane or are in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes. Differences in connexin expression were noted between the basal and intermediate layers, which may determine the proliferation of keratinocytes. Cx40, 43, and Cx30 in the gap junction of the keratinocytes of the intermediate layer are related to the synchronization of the cornification process. Because of the exfoliation of cornified plaques, a lack of connexins was observed in the cornified layer of orthokeratinized epithelium. However, in parakeratinized epithelium, connexins were present in the cell membrane of keratinocytes and thus maintained cellular integrity in gradually desquamating cells. The current studies will be useful in further comparative analyses of normal and pathological epithelia of the oral cavity in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
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Ozkadif S, Haligur A, Haligur M, Alan A. Morphological examination and scanning electron microscopy of the barn owl's (Tyto alba) tongue. Microsc Res Tech 2023. [PMID: 36794634 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The beak structure changes according to the feeding patterns of birds. Further, the morphological and histological structures of their tongues vary. Therefore, the current study aimed to perform macroanatomical and histological examinations and scanning electron microscopy of the barn owl's (Tylo alba) tongue. Two dead barn owls were brought to the anatomy laboratory and were used as study material. The tongue of the barn owl was long, triangular-shaped with a bifurcated tip. There were no papillae in the anterior 1/3 of the tongue, and the lingual papillae were shaped toward the back. The radix linguae were surrounded by a single row of conical papillae. Irregular thread-like papillae were found on both sides of the tongue. The salivary gland ducts were on the lateral margin of the corpus linguae and the dorsal surface of the radix linguae. The lingual glands were in the lamina propria near the stratified squamous epithelium layer of the tongue. The dorsal surface of the tongue comprised non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and the ventral surface and caudal part of the tongue had keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Hyaline cartilages were detected in the connective tissue immediately below the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium on the dorsal surface of the root of the tongue. The study results can contribute to the current knowledge on the anatomical structure of birds. Further, they can be useful in managing the barn owl when used as companion animals and in research activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Ozkadif
- Department of Anatomy, Ceyhan Veterinary Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayse Haligur
- Department of Anatomy, Ceyhan Veterinary Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Haligur
- Department of Pathology, Ceyhan Veterinary Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Aydin Alan
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Unique pattern of histogenesis of the parakeratinized epithelium on lingual prominence in the domestic goose embryos (Anser anser f. domestica). Sci Rep 2021; 11:22754. [PMID: 34815437 PMCID: PMC8611057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A triangular lingual prominence (LP) is a characteristic part of the tongue in Anseriformes containing adipose tissue. The parakeratinized epithelium (PEp) covers the LP. Studies aimed to describe the histogenesis of PEp during the process of the intensive formation of the LP in domestic goose during embryonic period and to determine the structural readiness to perform a protective function. The study were conducted by using LM, SEM and TEM technique. The results revealed that on day 16th the undifferentiated epithelium of LP transformed into the typical avian multilayered epithelium. Contrary to pattern of histogenesis of parakeratinized epithelium on the lingual body, on the medial and lateral areas of the elongating and bulging LP were formed epithelial furrows. Which around 20th day, on lateral areas of LP deepened up to half of epithelium, whereas on the medial area began to fade. The ultrastructure of cells lying in furrows indicated progressive apoptosis-like degeneration. On the 25th day, shallow furrows were only present on lateral areas, where bulging of LP was continued. Whereas the epithelium on medial area started cornification by the accumulation of cytokeratin fibers. Lack of the periderm during the development of the PEp of the LP indicated its endodermal origin.
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El-Mansi AA, El-Bealy EA, Al-Kahtani MA, Al-Zailaie KA, Rady AM, Abumandour MA, El-Badry DA. Biological Aspects of the Tongue and Oropharyngeal Cavity of the Eurasian Collared Dove ( Streptopelia decaocto, Columbiformes, Columbidae): Anatomical, Histochemical, and Ultrastructure Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-17. [PMID: 34236954 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the morphological and anatomical adaptations of the lingual microstructures of the Eurasian collared dove and discussed their implications for its dietary niche. We analyzed tongues of nine S. decaocto using histological, histochemical, stereomicroscopic, and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Our findings showed that the tongue is relatively short with a tapered apex that carries a terminal lingual nail. However, the lingual body has median scales and is bordered laterally by filiform papillae. Further, the tongue body bears a distinctive papillary crest. The tongue root is nonpapillate and infiltered with orifices of the posterior salivary glands. The bulky laryngeal mound has a circular glottic fissure, carrying a single row of papillae at the rear edge. Concurrently, our histological and histochemical findings demonstrate that the tongue has taste buds, anterior and posterior salivary glands, along with an elongated entoglossum that extends from lingual apex to root. Besides, ovoid and globular mucous glands displayed intense alcianophilic reactions. More substantially, the palate is made up of three palatine ridges with a caudal choanal cleft that was bounded by two rows of palatine papillae. Our data indicate multiple and novel structural variations for the lingual and palatal sculptures coopted for their feeding style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman A El-Bealy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Al-Kahtani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Zailaie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Rady
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Behera, Egypt
| | - Dina A El-Badry
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abumandour MMA, Farrag FA, El-Mansi A, Lashen SE, Shukry M, Kassab MA, Hamoda HS. Posthatching developmental studies on the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus, 1758) in different five age-stages. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1649-1672. [PMID: 33615616 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study represents the first trial to characterize the ultrastructural of five ages of Coturnix coturnix. Lingual nail had membrane that differ in number among five studied ages. Filiform papillary system had four caudally directed papillae types; small (apex, rostral, and median part of body in 1 day, body in 10 and 20 days), long (apex and rostral part of body in 10 days, tip and two lateral area in 20, 30, 40-days, lateral border in 1 and 10 days, two lateral area of body in 40 days), broad (median area of body in 20, 30, 40 days). Scales on the ventral surface of apex, mound. Lingual sulci on the apex and body without reaching tip in 10, 20, 30, 40-days while, in 1 day the body had ridge caudally. Three papillae on posterior part of lateral border of body. W-shape crest had papillae on its median part while, its lateral part had two giant papillae on each side. Dorsal giant papillae terminated caudally with six processes, while ventral papillae terminated caudally with three processes. The unique root appearance, at 1 day had four papillae while in 10-day, it had one papilla however in 20, 30, 40 days, it had T-shaped ridge. Mound had one longitudinal row on each side of cleft and two transverse papillary rows at its caudal border and additional row at 40-days. Our findings exposed unique structural and functional characterizations of lingual and laryngeal entrance that reflected with feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Foad A Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samah Elsayed Lashen
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Kassab
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hazem S Hamoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Plewa B, Jackowiak H. Functional morphology of the tongue in the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo var. domesticus). Poult Sci 2021; 100:101038. [PMID: 33765490 PMCID: PMC7994785 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, microstructural and ultrastructural analysis of organs of the avian beak cavity points to new aspects of adaptation to food intake through the various feeding groups. These data should undoubtedly be considered in the time of mass production of compound feed in poultry, when many studies analyze the optimal size of food particles and their doses. Galliformes possess complex mechanisms of food collection and transport in the beak cavity. They collect food by pecking and transport food by using catch-and-throw and slide-and-glue mechanisms. The aim of current research is to conduct functional analysis of the tongue in poultry such as domestic turkey in context of type of food, method of food intake, and transport to the esophagus. The study involves observations of macroscopic and microscopic structures of the tongue mucosa by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques with histochemical analysis of lingual glands. The obtained results showed that the tongue in domestic turkey fills two-thirds of the beak cavity. The lingual structure responsible for pecking is a rigid plate called lingual nail that works similar to a shovel to collect food. The median groove presented on surface of the tongue indicated path of food transport. The conical papillae on border between the lingual body and root are responsible for the last stage of food transport, while the papillae on the sides of root stabilize the path of food transport. For the first time, the presence of 2 types of cornified mucosal epithelia, orthokeratinized and parakeratinized epithelium, was presented. The analysis of occurrence of complex tubular lingual glands indicates production of mucous secretions composed of neutral mucopolysaccharides, with addition of sialomucins and sulfomucins. Mucous secretions moisturize surface of the tongue, thus facilitating the transport of dry food. The presence of sulfur mucopolysaccharides responds to protective function. To sum up, the tongue in domestic turkey is adapted to collect fine or coarse ground feed in form of mash or pellets through pecking and its transport to the esophagus using the slide-and-glue and throw-and-catch mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Plewa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
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Gewaily MS, Abumandour MMA. Gross morphological, histological and scanning electron specifications of the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix pallescens). Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:72-83. [PMID: 32794280 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out on the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow to investigate the gross and microscopic structures via gross anatomy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gross anatomy clarified the elongated triangular shape of the oropharyngeal cavity with a non-protruding tongue with a bifid apex. The lingual body contained median groove rostrally and separated caudally from the root by a transverse papillary crest. The laryngeal mound located posterior to the lingual root, contained midline laryngeal cleft and bounded caudally by a transverse row of pharyngeal papillae. The palate contained choanal cleft rostrally and infundibular slit caudally in addition to five palatine ridges. By light microscopy, the dorsal lingual epithelium was highly keratinised stratified squamous with a lingual nail in the most rostral part of the apex. Then, the thickness of the keratin layer decreased caudally, while in the ventral surface, the lining epithelium became non-keratinised. The entoglossum supported the lingual body and root, but not extended to the apex. The lining epithelium of the palate was also keratinised stratified squamous and became none-keratinised at the oral side of the choanal cleft. There were numerous lobules of polystomatic salivary glands in the lingual root and the palate. SEM revealed the arrangement of different types of papillae covering both the floor and the roof of the oropharynx besides numerous openings of salivary glands in the lingual root, laryngeal mound and the palate. These findings reflect the functional relationship of the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow during feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M A Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mahdy MAA. Comparative morphological study of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:499-511. [PMID: 32959459 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study compared the morphological features of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Samples from the oropharyngeal floor of both squabs and adult pigeons were collected directly after slaughtering. The collected samples were examined grossly, morphometrically, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower beak had triangular shape with pointed rostral end. The tongue did not fill the entire oral floor in squabs as well as adult pigeons. The lingual apex of squabs had a small lingual nail while that of the adult pigeons had a well-developed lingual nail. The lingual body was separated from the lingual root by a transverse papillary crest, which was "V" shaped in squabs but "U"-shaped in adult pigeons. Filiform papillae were distributed on the dorsal surface of lingual apex, as well as, body, but were absent on the root. The lingual root presented fine elevations and low projections in squabs and adult pigeons, respectively. On the other hand, the tongue of adult pigeons had larger number of the lingual salivary glands openings compared to that of squabs. In addition, the edges of the glottis had numerous small projections in squabs bur presented large dome-shaped papillae in adult pigeons. Moreover, adult pigeons had longer pharyngeal papillae at pharyngoesophageal junction than those of squabs. In conclusion, these variations suggest that adult pigeons adapted well to their diet, which might reflect higher efficiency of food prehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Mahdy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Abbate F, Guerrera MC, Levanti M, Laurà R, Germanà GP, Montalbano G, Cavallaro M, Germanà A. Morphology of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) tongue. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:686-694. [PMID: 32378253 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a freshwater and marine fish of the family Salmonidae, widely farmed in aquaculture facilities in several countries. The salmon are carnivorous, but in aquaculture, alternative foods have been experienced. It is well known that feeding in captivity should cause adaptation and modifications of the morphological characteristics of the oral cavity, especially of tongue; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate, by light, laser confocal and scanning electron microscopy, the morphological characteristics of the tongue dorsal surface, considering the importance of the correlations between feeding habits and the anatomy of the tongue. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates the presence of caniniform teeth with oro-aboral orientation surrounded by numerous filiform papillae, single, fused or arranged in row. Oro-aborally, the papillae show an appearance like a rosette and they disappear at level of the root. Light and laser confocal microscopy demonstrates that the mucosa is covered by a non-keratinized stratified pavement epithelium with, in the deepest layer, the presence of a triangular structure whose apex is cranially directed and base facing aborally. In this structure, spindle-shaped cells are present, with a vimentin immunoreactivity, that for their characteristics could be adult mesenchymal stem cells. The obtained data could be useful not only for further studies on the nutrition, but it is interesting the detection of tissues typical of the embryo-fetal phase in the adult specimens tongue, thus giving a basis for studies of potential applications, if any, regarding cell therapies for different clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Levanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Laurà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Cavallaro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Zubkova EN. Functional Morphology of the Hyoid Apparatus in Old World Suboscines (Eurylaimides): 1. Anatomical Description. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019070136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abbate F, Guerrera MC, Levanti M, Laurà R, Montalbano G, Cavallaro M, Germanà A. The tongue of Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius): LM, SEM and confocal laser study. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:51-59. [PMID: 31512785 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The leopard gecko is a crepuscular and insectivorous reptile. The role of the tongue in this reptile is fundamental for the prey capture and ingestion and is not related with eyes cleaning as usual in other geckos. The elongated tongue can be divided into a foretongue with a slightly bifurcated apex and a hindtongue. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that several different papillae are present on the dorsal surface, foliate and dome-shaped in the foretongue, becoming thicker and stouter with reduced interpapillary spaces in the lateral parts. The hindtongue is characterised by wide foliate papillae with indented margins and deep fissures of the mucosa. Light microscopy showed the presence of a stratified slightly keratinized squamous epithelium in the apex of the foretongue, a stratified non-keratinized squamous epithelium in the fore and in the hindtongue. In the foretongue, numerous muciparous caliciform cells were observed. Moreover, the presence of taste buds on the tongue ventral surface was demonstrated for the first time in this species and the confocal laser study revealed a strong immunoreactivity for the S-100 protein in the sensory cells. Therefore, the results obtained could give a contribution to the knowledge of the tongue anatomy and are a basis for eventual further studies regarding the feeding habits in a reptile become a popular pet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Levanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Laurà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Cavallaro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Abumandour MMA, Bassuoni NF, Hanafy BG. Surface ultrastructural descriptions of the oropharyngeal cavity of Anas querquedula. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1359-1371. [PMID: 31087441 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current work considers the first anatomical description of oropharyngeal cavity of Garganey, which was performed on eight heads with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The round apex of elongated tongue has anterior spatula-like named lingual nail. SEM of dorsal surface of lingual nail carry microtubercles and micropores on its rostral part, while its caudal part carry numerous microridges and micropores, while lateral apical surface only without lingual nail carrying filiform papillae, but its ventral surface carry exfoliated scales-like projections. Lateral lingual tip carries numerous laterally directed hairs-like structures. Rostral part of body carry region of small conical papillae in between them small hairs-like papillae on its lateral surface. Middle part of body carry lingual comb on its dorsal surface, while its lateral surfaces carry region of small conical papillae in between them hairs-like papillae in addition to filiform papillae, and large conical with small filiform papillae begin to appear laterally to the heads of lingual comb. Lateral surface of lingual prominence carry region of large conical and small filiform papillae on its rostral part, while its caudal part occupied by laterally situated spinated border from the root. Lingual root has two triangular smooth middle and spinated lateral and caudal. Laryngeal entrance divided into papillary and nonpapillary regions. Roof of oropharyngeal cavity divided into lamellar and papillary regions. Choanal cleft divided into rostral narrow ¼ and wide caudal ¾ parts. In conclusion, feeding process depend on the filter feeding mechanism that performed by the help of lateral situated papillae with lingual prominence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Behera, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F Bassuoni
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Behera, Egypt
| | - Basma G Hanafy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Behera, Egypt
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14
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Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Buchwald T, Szybowicz M, Jackowiak H. Alpha-keratin and corneous beta protein in the parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue in the domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 332:158-166. [PMID: 31243896 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The parakeratinized epithelium is a common epithelium in the oral cavity in birds and is characterized by the presence of cell nuclei in the cells of the cornified layer. This epithelium covers almost the entire dorsal surface of the tongue in the domestic goose apart of the lingual nail and conical papillae. So far no study has identified the molecular proteins alpha-keratin (IF-keratin) and/or corneous beta protein (CBP), which are responsible for keratinization or cornification processes in the parakeratinized epithelium of domestic geese. The study was performed using immunohistochemical (IHC) methods to identify alpha-keratin. The innovative method of Raman microspectroscopy was used to determine the presence of CBP and specify their percentage in epithelial layers of the parakeratinized epithelium. The results revealed that alpha-keratin is present in the whole parakeratinized epithelium. A strong staining reaction was detected in the basal and intermediate layers and a less strong staining reaction in the cornified layer. Raman microspectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of alpha-keratin and demonstrated that its percentage decreases from the basal layer to the cornified layer. The Raman microspectroscopy technique revealed the occurrence of CBP in the parakeratinized epithelium and demonstrated that the percentage of this protein increases from the basal layer to the cornified layer. Performed analysis determines that parakeratinized epithelium undergoes cornification. However, the lower percentage of CBP in the cornified layer of parakeratinized epithelium than in orthokeratinized epithelium points to the fact that parakeratinized epithelium has a weaker protective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Buchwald
- Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mirosław Szybowicz
- Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego, Poznan, Poland
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15
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Iwasaki SI, Erdoğan S, Asami T. Evolutionary Specialization of the Tongue in Vertebrates: Structure and Function. FEEDING IN VERTEBRATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13739-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Gross morphological and ultrastructural characterization of the oropharyngeal cavity of the Eurasian hoopoe captured from Egypt. Anat Sci Int 2018; 94:172-179. [PMID: 30357609 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-018-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to give full morphological insight into the oropharyngeal cavity of Eurasian hoopoe at the level of gross morphology in addition to ultrastructural inspection including light- and scanning electron microscopy. The oropharyngeal cavity has a triangular appearance with a very long rostrally located beak, helping the bird achieve its feeding mechanism. The floor of the oropharyngeal cavity is divided into three parts; a pre-lingual part with a pre-lingual fold, a lingual part containing a rudimentary triangular tongue, and a laryngeal part, which contains a small elevated laryngeal mound. There are four giant papillae and numerous openings of lingual salivary glands on the root. The roof is divided into the pre-choanal and the choanal region. The pre-choanal region has two parallel palatine ridges, while the choanal region had an ovoid-shaped choanal cleft rostrally, followed caudally by a narrow infundibular slit. The mechanical papillae on the roof are arranged in two rows directed caudally; one row is located on the free border of rostral half of the choanal cleft, while the other row is located between the pharynx cavity and the esophagus. The histological study showed that the tongue was covered dorsally and ventrally by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and supported centrally by entoglossum, which extends from the root until the rostral tip of the tongue. The entoglossum was mainly cartilaginous rostrally in the apex and ossified caudally in the lingual body and root. Numerous mucous glands scattered in the sub mucosa of the lingual root as well as in the palatine region convey their secretions to the surface through a duct guarded by diffuse lymphocytic infiltration.
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17
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Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER. Anatomical investigations of the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the Egyptian laughing dove Spilopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca in Egypt. Anat Sci Int 2018; 94:67-74. [PMID: 29931652 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-018-0451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the first full anatomical description of the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the Egyptian laughing dove Spilopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca, which was obtained with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological techniques, is provided. The lingual apex was rounded and the cranially convex papillary crest exhibited a transverse papillary row, in addition to another row consisting of two giant papillae. Papillae were not observed on the elevated, triangular laryngeal mound except for the glottic opening, which was bounded by two lateral elevated borders that presented a row of small papillae. Two fissures occurred on the laryngeal mound: a rostral fissure at the rostral border of the laryngeal mound, and a caudal fissure that occurred caudally to the glottic opening and continued caudally as the laryngeal fissure. SEM analysis showed filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the apex and body, and indicated that each giant papilla was long with a pointed apex and exhibited one or two secondary papillae on its surface. The dorsal surface of the lingual root exhibited numerous openings of the lingual salivary glands. The caudal part of the laryngeal mound presented numerous openings of the laryngeal salivary glands. Histologically, the dorsal surface of the anterior and middle lingual part was covered with a thick and stratified squamous epithelium. The anterior and middle lingual part presented entoglossum cartilaginous ossification of the entoglossal bone, which had numerous chondrocytes lodged within the lacunae of the entoglossum. The lingual glands appeared in the middle and caudal lingual part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Abumandour
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Post Box: 22785, Rashid, Edfina, Behera, Egypt.
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18
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Li Z, Zhou Z, Clarke JA. Convergent evolution of a mobile bony tongue in flighted dinosaurs and pterosaurs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198078. [PMID: 29924798 PMCID: PMC6010247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue, with fleshy, muscular, and bony components, is an innovation of the earliest land-dwelling vertebrates with key functions in both feeding and respiration. Here, we bring together evidence from preserved hyoid elements from dinosaurs and outgroup archosaurs, including pterosaurs, with enhanced contrast x-ray computed tomography data from extant taxa. Midline ossification is a key component of the origin of an avian hyoid. The elaboration of the avian tongue includes the evolution of multiple novel midline hyoid bones and a larynx suspended caudal to these midline elements. While variable in dentition and skull shape, most bird-line archosaurs show a simple hyoid structure. Bony, or well-mineralized, hyoid structures in dinosaurs show limited modification in response to dietary shifts and across significant changes in body-size. In Dinosauria, at least one such narrow, midline element is variably mineralized in some basal paravian theropods. Only in derived ornithischians, pterosaurs and birds is further significant hyoid elaboration recorded. Furthermore, only in the latter two taxa does the bony tongue structure include elongation of paired hyobranchial elements that have been associated in functional studies with hyolingual mobility. Pterosaurs and enantiornithine birds achieve similar elongation and inferred mobility via elongation of ceratobranchial elements while within ornithurine birds, including living Aves, ossified and separate paired epibranchial elements (caudal to the ceratobranchials) confer an increase in hyobranchial length. The mobile tongues seen in living birds may be present in other flighted archosaurs showing a similar elongation. Shifts from hypercarnivory to more diverse feeding ecologies and diets, with the evolution of novel locomotor strategies like flight, may explain the evolution of more complex tongue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhonghe Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
| | - Julia A. Clarke
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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19
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Ultrastructural study on the embryonic development of the orthokeratinized epithelium and its cornified layer (lingual nail) on the ventral surface of the lingual apex in the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica). ZOOLOGY 2018; 126:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Surface ultrastructural (SEM) characteristics of oropharyngeal cavity of house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Anat Sci Int 2017; 93:384-393. [PMID: 29270912 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-017-0426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The focus of the present study is to provide a full morphological description of the oropharyngeal cavity of the house sparrow. The head of six birds was prepared for gross examination and by stereo and electron microscopy. The bifid lingual apex has multiple long, rostrally directed needle-like processes. The lateral border of the apex carries rostromedially directed needle-like processes. The dorsal lingual surface of the apex and body carries numerous caudomedially directed filiform papillae and many orifices of lingual salivary glands. The lingual body is divided into two parts: rostral and caudal. The caudal part is divided into two laterally elevated regions by a median groove, while the rostral part is bounded laterally by a rostrodorsally directed papillary row, which on SEM is formed from two rows. On SEM, the lingual root has many orifices of posterior salivary glands. The pharyngeal papillary row is located at the caudal border of the laryngeal mound, but this single papillary row is formed from two rows at SEM magnification. The laryngeal cleft continues caudally as a laryngeal fissure bounded by two longitudinal rows of caudally directed papillae; at high SEM magnification, this fissure is divided into two halves by a median ridge which carries caudally directed papillae on its posterior part. The choanal cleft proceeds rostrally by the median tubercle. There are a small number of orifices of palatine salivary glands. The morphological characters of the oropharyngeal cavity of the sparrow confirm its adaptation to surrounding environmental conditions and available food particles.
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21
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Abbate F, Guerrera MC, Cavallaro M, Montalbano G, Germanà A, Levanti M. LM and SEM study on the swordfish ( Xiphias gladius ) tongue. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:633-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Cornillie P, Jackowiak H. The development of lingual glands in the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica
): 3D-reconstruction, LM
, and SEM
study. J Morphol 2017; 279:319-329. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C; 60-625 Poznan Poland
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology; Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133; 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C; 60-625 Poznan Poland
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23
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Rico-Guevara A. Relating form to function in the hummingbird feeding apparatus. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3449. [PMID: 28607842 PMCID: PMC5466813 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete understanding of the feeding structures is fundamental in order to study how animals survive. Some birds use long and protrusible tongues as the main tool to collect their central caloric source (e.g., woodpeckers and nectarivores). Hummingbirds are the oldest and most diverse clade of nectarivorous vertebrates, being a perfect subject to study tongue specializations. Their tongue functions to intraorally transport arthropods through their long bills and enables them to exploit the nectarivorous niche by collecting small amounts of liquid, therefore it is of vital importance to study its anatomy and structure at various scales. I focused on the portions of the hummingbird tongue that have been shown to be key for understanding their feeding mechanisms. I used histology, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, microCT, and ex-vivo experiments in order to advance the comprehension of the morphology and functioning of the hummingbird feeding apparatus. I found that hummingbird tongues are composed mainly of thin cornified epithelium, lack papillae, and completely fill the internal cast of the rostral oropharyngeal cavity. Understanding this puzzle-piece match between bill and tongue will be essential for the study of intraoral transport of nectar. Likewise, I found that the structural composition and tissue architecture of the tongue groove walls provide the rostral portion of the tongue with elastic properties that are central to the study of tongue-nectar interactions during the feeding process. Detailed studies on hummingbirds set the basis for comparisons with other nectar-feeding birds and contribute to comprehend the natural solutions to collecting liquids in the most efficient way possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rico-Guevara
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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24
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Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER. Morphological Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra, Linnaeus, 1758). Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:347-358. [PMID: 28543621 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study represents the first definitive anatomical description of the oropharyngeal cavity of the coot Fulica atra. For this purpose, the organs of six birds were prepared to examine grossly and by SEM and stereomicroscope. The oval lingual apex had multiple overlapping branched acicular processes on its anterior and lateral border. The lingual apex and body had multiple caudally directed filiform-like papillae. By stereomicroscopy, the lingual root had a characteristic appearance and consisted of four parts. The openings of the anterior glands were present on the dorsal lingual surface of the body, while the projected papillae with wide openings of the posterior glands were present on the dorsal surface of lingual root. There was a row of caudally directed pharyngeal papillae at the caudal border of the laryngeal mound. Grossly, the pharyngeal papillae arrangement took a W-shape, while by stereomicroscopy was observed to be heart shape. The palate was divided into two regions: a small rostral non-papillary and a large caudal papillary region, but the rostral region was characterized by the presence of three longitudinal ridges. The papillary crest had two paramedian longitudinal papillary rows, which continued caudally until the beginning of the third median row. The freely distributed papillae took a caudolateral direction, while the papillae encircling the rostral part of choanal cleft took a caudomedial direction. There was a transverse papillary row between the two parts of choanal cleft. There was a transverse papillary row between the caudal border of the infundibular cleft and oesophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M A Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Rshide, Egypt
| | - N E R El-Bakary
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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25
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Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Jackowiak H, Buchwald T, Szybowicz M. Localization of Alpha-Keratin and Beta-Keratin (Corneous Beta Protein) in the Epithelium on the Ventral Surface of the Lingual Apex and Its Lingual Nail in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. domestica) by Using Immunohistochemistry and Raman Microspectros. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1361-1368. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Tomasz Buchwald
- Faculty of Technical Physics; Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology; Poznan Poland
| | - Mirosław Szybowicz
- Faculty of Technical Physics; Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology; Poznan Poland
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26
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Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Jackowiak H. Development of mechanical papillae of the tongue in the domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica) during the embryonic period. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:147-160. [PMID: 26689409 PMCID: PMC5216114 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Three types of mechanical papillae, i.e., conical, filiform, and hair-like papillae, are present on the tongue in the domestic goose. Within conical papillae, we distinguish three categories: large and small conical papillae on the body and conical papillae on the lingual prominence. The arrangement of mechanical papillae on the tongue in Anseriformes is connected functionally with different feeding mechanisms such as grazing and filter-feeding. The present work aims to determine whether morphology of three types of mechanical papillae in goose at the time of hatching is the same as in an adult bird and if the tongue is prepared to fulfill feeding function. Our results revealed that the primordia of the large conical papillae start to develop during the differentiation stage. The primordia of the small conical papillae and conical papillae of the lingual papillae start to develop during the growth stage. At the end of the growth stage, only large conical papillae, three pairs of small conical papillae, and conical papillae of the lingual prominence have similar arrangement as in an adult bird. The shape and arrangement of the remaining small conical papillae probably will be changed after hatching. During embryonic period, the filiform papillae and hair-like papillae are not formed. The embryonic epithelium that covered the mechanical papillae undergoes transformation leading to the formation of multilayered epithelium. During prehatching stage, epithelium becomes orthokeratinized epithelium. In conclusion, the tongue of the domestic goose after hatching is well prepared only for grazing. The filtration of food from water is limited due to the lack of filiform papillae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
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27
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Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S. Light and scanning electron microscopic features of the tongue in cattle egret. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:595-603. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER. Morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences: common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Hume's tawny owl (Strix butleri). Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:352-363. [PMID: 27084364 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to describe the morphological characters of the tongue of two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences, i.e. the common kestrel and Hume's tawny owl. Descriptive information on the lingual morphology of these two birds, particularly Hume's tawny owl, is incomplete. We found that the lingual apex of the owl has an oval, concave, shovel-like form with a bifid lingual tip, while that of the kestrel has the shape of a horny tip-like spoon with a central process in addition to there being several filiform-like papillae on the dorsal surface of the apex and body. In the owl, the dorsal surface of the apex and body is subdivided into four U-shaped regions: lingual tip, two lateral regions and a median region. The two lateral regions are characterized by the presence of papillae and several openings of lingual glands, while the median region carries filiform-like papillae. In both birds, the papillary crest is located between the body and root. In the kestrel, there is an additional row of papillae rostral to crest, while in the owl there is a rostral lateral extension of papillae on the lateral lingual surface so the distribution pattern has a W-shape. In the kestrel, the posterior part of lingual body has several openings of glands, while the root lacks glands completely, although it has many taste buds. In the owl, the lingual root is folded and has a large number of gland openings. In the kestrel caudally to the glottis, there are two paramedian transverse rows of pharyngeal papillae with a pair of median huge papillae, while in the owl, there is only one transverse row of papillae. The dorsal and ventral lingual surfaces of both birds are lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Abumandour
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Rashid, Edfina, Behera, 22785, Egypt.
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29
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Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Kwieciński Z, Godynicki S, Jackowiak K, Leszczyszyn A. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies on the reduction of the tongue microstructures in the white stork ( Ciconia ciconia, Aves). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71 C 60-625 Poznań Poland
| | - Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71 C 60-625 Poznań Poland
| | | | - Szymon Godynicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71 C 60-625 Poznań Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71 C 60-625 Poznań Poland
| | - Andrzej Leszczyszyn
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71 C 60-625 Poznań Poland
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30
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Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Jackowiak H, Kontecka H. Morphogenesis of the tongue mucosa in the domestic duck (Anasplatyrhynchos f.domestica)during the late embryonic stages. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:667-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk
- Department of Histology and Animal Embryology; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71C 60-625 Poznań Poland
| | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Animal Embryology; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71C 60-625 Poznań Poland
| | - Helena Kontecka
- Department of Rural Tourism, Division of Poultry Science; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Witosa 45 61-693 Poznan Poland
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31
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Erdoğan S, Iwasaki SI. Function-related morphological characteristics and specialized structures of the avian tongue. Ann Anat 2013; 196:75-87. [PMID: 24219998 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As a reflection of different life styles and environment, the tongue of vertebrates, which plays a major role in the intake and swallowing of food, displays significant morphological differences. The gross form and microscopic structure of the avian tongue differ greatly according to lifestyle. The avian tongue plays a fundamental role in many functions such as capturing, filtering, sucking and manipulating food in order to compensate absence of subsidiary organs like teeth in the oropharyngeal cavity. Variations in lingual papillae play an important role in feeding of birds, as they represent a structure similar to teeth in the upper and lower beaks and can be used to hold and direct food in the oropharyngeal cavity. Tongues of birds exhibit common as well as varying anatomical characteristics in terms of surface morphology, structure and topographical distribution of lingual papillae as well as distinct specialized structures, epithelial layers, taste buds and lingual glands. This review evaluates the important morphological peculiarities of the tongue in birds, focusing on the relationship between anatomical features and feeding functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Erdoğan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey.
| | - Shin-ichi Iwasaki
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
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Onuk B, Tütüncü S, Kabak M, Alan A. Macroanatomic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull ( Larus fuscus) and common buzzard ( Buteo buteo). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Onuk
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ondokuz Mayıs University; 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - Serife Tütüncü
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ondokuz Mayıs University; 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - Murat Kabak
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ondokuz Mayıs University; 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - Aydın Alan
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Erciyes University; 38039 Kayseri Turkey
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Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Prozorowska E, Jackowiak H. The development of the tongue of the domestic goose from 9th to 25th day of incubation as seen by scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1564-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Erdoğan S, Sağsöz H, Akbalik M. Anatomical and histological structure of the tongue and histochemical characteristics of the lingual salivary glands in the Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar, Gray 1830). Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:307-15. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Erdoǧan S, Pèrez W, Alan A. Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic investigations of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus, Cretzschmar, 1829). Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1245-52. [PMID: 22496047 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to examine the morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance of long-legged buzzard by macroscopic and scanning electron microscopic methods. Two adult buzzards were used as material. The tongue was fairly elongated and terminated in oval shovel-like apex. Scale-like projections were localized on the apex and body of tongue. Both lateral sides of lingual body were contained considerably long thread-like projections. Many orifices of lingual posterior salivary glands were discerned among scale-like projections in median sulcus of the lingual body. Papillary crest of sharp conical papilla were observed on the between the body and root of the tongue. No conical papillae or other projections were existent on the root of the tongue, but numerous orifices of posterior salivary gland ducts were detected. In addition, orifices of anterior salivary gland ducts were present on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the lingual body. Numerous conical papillae were observed on the caudal region of glottis and no conical papillae or any similar projection which were bordered the glottic fissure was noted. Anatomy of these organs in the long-legged buzzard and white tailed eagle which are the member of the same family, Accipitridae, revealed very high similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Erdoǧan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey.
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Zong C, Wauters L, Rong K, Martinoli A, Preatoni D, Tosi G. Nutcrackers become choosy seed harvesters in a mast-crop year. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2011.587834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H. Scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue in the scarlet macaw (Ara macao). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2012; 89:57-60. [PMID: 23429049 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.89.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal lingual surface of scarlet macaw (Ara macao) was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopically, the lingual apex of the scarlet macaw had a lip-like shape. Three parts were distinguished in the dorsal surface of the tongue: the apex, body, and root of the tongue. The surface of the lingual apex had many grooves toward lingual root. The surface of the lingual apex was relatively smooth. The central surface of the papillary layer in the lingual apex after removal of the epithelium consisted of numerous dermal papillae, but the papillae were not observed in the lateral region. A pair of openings of the lingual glands was observed in the posterolateral region of the lingual body. The opening of the lingual gland after removal of the epithelium showed more clear structure than before removal. Many conical papillae in the posterior region of the lingual body were observed. The structure of the tongue of the scarlet macaw was different from that of the rainbow lorikeet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Emura
- Nursing Course, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Erdogan S, Alan A. Gross anatomical and scanning electron microscopic studies of the oropharyngeal cavity in the European magpie (Pica pica) and the common raven (Corvus corax). Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:379-87. [PMID: 21898667 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is no descriptive information about morphology of the oropharyngeal cavity including tongue, palate, and laryngeal region in Corvidae family. This study not only presents the first definitive anatomical description of the structures in the oropharyngeal cavity of magpie and raven but also reviews and compares the scattered information on the morphology of the other avian species available in the literature. In this study, the organs of four birds (two magpies and two ravens) were used. The tongue in magpie and raven was considerably elongated and terminated with an oval-shaped apex. Although the lingual apex in the magpie was divided by fissure, no such bifurcation existed on that of raven. Lingual apex was quite distinctive in both species, and multiple acicular processes covered the apex. These occurrences on the tongue of magpie were replaced by thread-like processes as approaching the lingual body. In raven, these processes were mostly foliated, becoming longer toward the back of the lingua, and denser compared with raven. Moreover, we observed conical papillary crest, which was pointed backward and located between the lingual body and the radix of the tongue and pharyngeal conical papillae around the glottis and palate clefts in both species. There was a transversal fold separating the choanal cleft from the infundibular cleft in raven. Anatomy of the oropharyngeal cavity in the raven and magpie, which are the member of the same family, Corvidae, showed little differences and overall their oral morphological features were excessively similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Erdogan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Godynicki S, Iwasaki SI, Meyer W. Functional morphology of the tongue in the domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:1574-84. [PMID: 21830308 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using LM and SEM methods, the study describes microstructures in particular areas of the tongue of the goose. A thick multilayered keratinized epithelium forms the "lingual nail" and covers small and giant conical papillae, whereby the first functions as an exoskeleton of the tongue apex, and the latter are arranged along the lingual and well-developed connective tissue cores, and together with the bill lamellae are involved in cutting. The row of conical papillae on the lingual prominence prevents regurgitation of transported food. In the area of the "lingual nail" and in the anterior part of the lingual prominence, Herbst corpuscles are accumulated, which allow to recognize food position. Filiform papillae, as widely distributed between the conical papillae of the body, are responsible for filtering. They can be explained as long keratinized processes of the epithelium and are devoid of connective tissue cores. During food transport, the flattened areas of the lingual body and the lingual prominence are protected by a parakeratinized epithelium, but the root is covered by a nonkeratinized epithelium. The presence of adipose tissue in the tongue probably reduces pressure during food passage, but also promotes mucus evacuation from the lingual glands, thus facilitating food transport. An entoglossal bone with a continuation as cartilage is the stable structural basis of the tongue system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, Poznań, Poland.
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Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H. Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2011; 88:17-21. [PMID: 21882592 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.88.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal lingual surfaces of rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopically, the tongue of the rainbow lorikeet has a finger-like shape. Three parts are distinguished in the dorsal surface of the tongue: the apex, body, and root of the tongue. The apex of the tongue has numerous processes inclined toward medial side from lateral side. These processes are rod-like structure and smooth surfaces. Many grooves are observed in both lateral sides of the lingual body. A large opening of the lingual gland exists in central part of the lingual root and some large openings of the lingual glands exist in both lateral sides of the lingual root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Emura
- Nursing Course, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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