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Velázquez-Alva MC, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Rangel-Castillo I, Arrieta-Cruz I, Mendoza-Garcés L, Castaño-Seiquer A, Flores-Fraile J, Gutiérrez-Juárez R. Comparison of body fat percentage assessments by bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometrical prediction equations, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in older women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:978971. [PMID: 36618693 PMCID: PMC9812576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.978971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with high body fat have a higher risk of mortality. Numerous anthropometric-based predictive equations are available for body composition assessments; furthermore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates are available. However, in older adults, the validity of body fat estimates requires further investigation. Objective To assess the agreement between percentage body fat (BF%) estimates by BIA and five predictive equations based on anthropometric characteristics using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method. A secondary objective was to identify whether excluding short-stature women improves the agreement of BF% estimates in a group of community-dwelling, older Mexican women. Methods A concordance analysis of BF% was performed. A total of 121 older women participated in the study. Anthropometric information, BIA, and DXA body composition estimates were obtained. Five equations using anthropometric data were evaluated in order to determine body fat percentage (BF%) using DXA as reference method. Paired t-test comparisons and standard error of estimates (SEE) were obtained. The Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to evaluate the BF% prediction equations and BIA estimates. Results The mean age of the study participants was 73.7 (±5.8) years old. BIA and the anthropometric based equations examined showed mean significant differences when tested in the entire sample. For the taller women (height > 145 cm), no significant difference in the paired comparison was found between DXA and BIA of BF% estimates. The mean BF% was 40.3 (±4.8) and 40.7 (±6.2) for DXA and BIA, respectively. The concordance between methods was good (CCC 0.814), (SEE 2.62). Also, in the taller women subset, the Woolcott equation using waist-to-height ratio presented no significant difference in the paired comparison; however, the error of the estimates was high (SEE 3.37) and the concordance was moderate (CCC 0.693). Conclusion This study found that BIA yielded good results in the estimation of BF% among women with heights over 145 cm. Also, in this group, the Woolcott predictive equation based on waist circumference and height ratio showed no significant differences compared to DXA in the paired comparison; however, the large error of estimates observed may limit its application. In older women, short stature may impact the validity of the body fat percentage estimates of anthropometric-based predictive equations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho
- Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico,*Correspondence: María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho,
| | | | - Itzam Rangel-Castillo
- Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Javier Flores-Fraile
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roger Gutiérrez-Juárez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Miller M, Michaels-Obregón A, Rocha KO, Wong R. Imputation of Non-Response in Height and Weight in the Mexican Health and Aging Study. REALIDAD, DATOS Y ESPACIO : REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE ESTADISTICA Y GEOGRAFIA 2022; 13:78-93. [PMID: 36643609 PMCID: PMC9839157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The way missing data in population surveys are treated can influence research results. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explain the reasons and procedure for imputing anthropometric data such as height and weight self-reported by individuals in the first four waves of the Mexican Health & Aging Study (MHAS). We highlight the effect of the imputation versus the exclusion of the cases with missing data, by comparing the distribution of these values and their associated effects on the Body Mass Index using a regression model. We conclude that the incorporation of imputed data offers more solid results compared with elimination the cases with missing data. Hence the importance of applying these statistical procedures, with appropriate treatment of the data, making the methodology and the imputed data available to the users by the same source of information, as offered in the MHAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Miller
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Sealy Center on Aging, Galveston Texas, United States
| | | | | | - Rebeca Wong
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Sealy Center on Aging, Galveston Texas, United States
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González-González C, Cafagna G, Hernández Ruiz MDC, Ibarrarán P, Stampini M. [Functional dependence and support for the older persons in Mexico, 2001-2026Dependência funcional e apoio em idosos no México, 2001-2026]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e71. [PMID: 34475881 PMCID: PMC8369130 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Identify the factors associated with future functional dependence in the elderly in Mexico and with receiving or not receiving support for basic activities of daily living (ADLs); and project the prevalence of functional dependence in 2026. Methods Data from the 2001 National Health and Aging Study (ENASEM) and from the 2012 and 2015 follow-up rounds were used. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with future dependence, and a logistic regression model was used for factors associated with receiving or not support. The projected number of older persons with functional dependence in 2026 was based on data from the 2015 ENASEM and on estimated rates from the model of future dependence. Results Older people, those with a lower educational level, those with hypertension, arthritis, or diabetes, those who had suffered a stroke or fall, and those with some degree of prior functional dependence had a significantly higher risk of mild or severe dependence and death within 11 years, compared to the reference group. Older people and those with severe dependence had higher odds of receiving support compared to reference groups. By 2026, it is estimated that 18.9% of older people in Mexico will have mild dependence and 9.3% will be severely dependent. Conclusions Factors associated with future dependence and death were age, educational level, certain chronic diseases, having fallen, and having prior functional dependence; the factors associated with receiving support for basic ADLs were severe dependence and age. It is estimated that the prevalence of dependence will increase 2.1 times over 25 years (2001-2026).
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Affiliation(s)
- César González-González
- Facultad de Trabajo Social, Universidad de Colima Colima México Facultad de Trabajo Social, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Gianluca Cafagna
- Práctica Global de Salud, Nutrición y Población, Banco Mundial Washington, DC Estados Unidos de América Práctica Global de Salud, Nutrición y Población, Banco Mundial, Washington, DC, Estados Unidos de América
| | - María Del Carmen Hernández Ruiz
- Escuela de Gobierno John F. Kennedy, Universidad de Harvard Cambridge Estados Unidos de América Escuela de Gobierno John F. Kennedy, Universidad de Harvard, Cambridge, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Pablo Ibarrarán
- División de Protección Social y Salud, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Washington, DC Estados Unidos de América División de Protección Social y Salud, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Washington, DC, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Marco Stampini
- División de Protección Social y Salud, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Washington, DC Estados Unidos de América División de Protección Social y Salud, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Washington, DC, Estados Unidos de América
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Kim S, Kim M, Han D. Incidence Rates of Disability and Its Associated Factors among Korean Community-Dwelling Older Adults. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:1718-1726. [PMID: 33643947 PMCID: PMC7898091 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i9.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify incidence rates of disability and its associated factors among Korean community-dwelling older adults. METHODS The sample included 1,739 Koreans aged over 65 yr from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2016) who reported no limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) at baseline (2006) and had complete data for other covariates. ADL, IADL, socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition data were collected and analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS The 10-yr incidence rates of ADL and IADL disability in subjects with no disability at baseline were 11.6% and 21.6%, respectively. After adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition factors, the incidence of ADL disability was higher in women (odds ratio [OR] =1.418, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.102-2.613) and increased with age (OR=1.170, 95% CI=1.133-1.208), multi-morbidity (OR=1.194, 95% CI=1.015-1.406), and obesity (OR=1.563, 95% CI=1.057-2.311). It decreased in subjects living alone (OR=0.531, 95% CI=0.328-0.856). The incidence of IADL disability increased with age (OR=1.131, 95% CI=1.102-1.161), multi-morbidity (OR=1.199, 95% CI=1.054-1.365), and cognitive disability (OR=1.422, 95% CI=1.083-1.866) and decreased for subjects living alone (OR=0.484, 95% CI=0.328-0.715) and with overweight (OR=0.725, 95% CI=0.532-0.988). CONCLUSION Incidence rates of disability differed considerably based on socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition factors. These results suggest the importance of identifying factors that can decrease the risk of disability in this group and of prevention efforts in populations with a higher disability risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonho Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsuk Kim
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dallong Han
- Department of Nursing, College of Health & Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju-Si, Republic of Korea
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Javed AA, Aljied R, Allison DJ, Anderson LN, Ma J, Raina P. Body mass index and all-cause mortality in older adults: A scoping review of observational studies. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13035. [PMID: 32319198 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In older age, body composition changes as fat mass increases and redistributes. Therefore, the current body mass index (BMI) classification may not accurately reflect risk in older adults (65+). This study aimed to review the evidence on the association between BMI and all-cause mortality in older adults and specifically, the findings regarding overweight and obese BMI. A systematic search of the OVID MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted between 2013 and September 2018. Observational studies examining the association between BMI and all-cause mortality within a community-dwelling population aged 65+ were included. Seventy-one articles were included. Studies operationalized BMI categorically (n = 60), continuously (n = 8) or as a numerical change/group transition (n = 7). Reduced risk of mortality was observed for the overweight BMI class compared with the normal BMI class (hazard ratios [HR] ranged 0.41-0.96) and for class 1 or 2 obesity in some studies. Among studies examining BMI change, increases in BMI demonstrated lower mortality risks compared with decreases in BMI (HR: 0.83-0.95). Overweight BMI classification or a higher BMI value may be protective with regard to all-cause mortality, relative to normal BMI, in older adults. These findings demonstrate the potential need for age-specific BMI cut-points in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha A Javed
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rumaisa Aljied
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David J Allison
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Canada.,Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, Hamilton, Canada
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Luo H, Ren X, Li J, Wu K, Wang Y, Chen Q, Li N. Association between obesity status and successful aging among older people in China: evidence from CHARLS. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:767. [PMID: 32448262 PMCID: PMC7245862 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The paper aimed to examine the association between obesity status and successful aging among elderly adults in China and further find gender differences in the effect of components of successful aging on obesity status. Methods The data came from the follow-up survey(2015) of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and 4019 dwellers age 60 and over are included. Obesity status were defined by the body mass index (BMI) according to Chinese criteria. Successful aging was defined following Rowe and Kahn’s multidimensional model. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between obesity status and successful aging. Results The rate of successful aging in men and women was 18.87 and 9.48% respectively. For BMI, the proportion of population with underweight, overweight and obesity in men was 10.29, 23.04 and 29.63% respectively and that in women was 1.40, 11.69 and 9.47%. Men with obesity (OR = 1.587 95% CI 1.087 ~ 2.316) has an positive relationship with successful aging than normal weight men; Women with underweight (OR = 0.197 95% CI 0.058 ~ 0.824) has an negative relationship with successful aging than normal weight women; Meanwhile, no matter men and women, the relationship between obesity status and successful aging were not significant among oldest adults(≥75 years). Conclusion Obesity status was significantly association with successful aging in young older adults (60-74 years), and the components of successful aging differently were related with the obesity status of male and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Luo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jijie Li
- Department of Medical Records, West China Secondary University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Medical, West China School of Stomatology (West China Hospital of Stomatology), Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningxiu Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Pérez-Sousa MA, Venegas-Sanabria LC, Chavarro-Carvajal DA, Cano-Gutierrez CA, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Ruíz K, Izquierdo M. Gait speed moderates the adverse effect of obesity on dependency in older Colombian adult. Exp Gerontol 2019; 127:110732. [PMID: 31505226 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gait speed worsens with the presence of obesity, and is a powerful marker of functional dependence. Accordingly, gait speed could be a factor that improves or worsens the relationship between obesity and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL). However, to date this potential role has not been examined and the minimum gait speed threshold in the relationship between obesity and ADL is not known. The aim of this study was to determine whether speed moderates the association between obesity and dependence in ADL, and also define the gait speed threshold of this relationship. METHODS A total of 20,507 community-dwelling older adults from a cross-sectional analysis of national survey data - the Colombian Health, Well-being and Aging study (SABE, 2015) - were surveyed. The research data were collected using structured questionnaires, including basic information, ADL measured using the Barthel Index, body mass index, and gait speed (3 m). The Johnson-Neyman technique was applied to determine the gait speed threshold adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities. RESULTS Regression analysis showed a significant detrimental effect of obesity on dependence in ADL, which was moderated by gait speed (β = 0.081; 95%CI: 0.045 to 0.117; p < 0.001). Adjusted for major covariates, the Johnson-Neyman technique defined two gait speed thresholds: < 0.77 m/s, indicating an aggravated adverse effect; and >1.06 m/s, indicating a positive effect. CONCLUSIONS The adverse effect of obesity on dependence in ADL is moderated by gait speed. Considering these thresholds, the distribution of older adults in each of the proposed areas of significance were: below 0.77 (m/s) = 14,324 (70.0%), above 1.06 (m/s) = 1553 older adults (7.5%) and between areas = 4630 older adults (22.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Pérez-Sousa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Luis C Venegas-Sanabria
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio - Aging Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Diego A Chavarro-Carvajal
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio - Aging Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Cano-Gutierrez
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio - Aging Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge E Correa-Bautista
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Facultad de Salud, Programa de Fisioterapia, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá 110231, Colombia.
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Lestari SK, Ng N, Kowal P, Santosa A. Diversity in the Factors Associated with ADL-Related Disability among Older People in Six Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Country Comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1341. [PMID: 31013975 PMCID: PMC6518276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing rapid population ageing, yet knowledge about disability among older populations in these countries is scarce. This study aims to identify the prevalence and factors associated with disability among people aged 50 years and over in six LMICs. Cross-sectional data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health Wave 1 (2007-2010) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and South Africa was used. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to examine the association between sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, chronic conditions, and activities of daily living (ADL) disability. The prevalence of disability among older adults ranged from 16.2% in China to 55.7% in India. Older age, multimorbidity, and depression were the most common factors related to disability in all six countries. Gender was significant in China (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29), Ghana (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01-1.48) and India (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.37-1.99). Having no access to social capital was significantly associated with ADL disability in China (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.54-4.31) and South Africa (OR = 4.11, 95% CI: 1.79-9.43). Prevalence data is valuable in these six ageing countries, with important evidence on mitigating factors for each. Identifying determinants associated with ADL disability among older people in LMICs can inform how to best implement health prevention programmes considering different country-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Septi Kurnia Lestari
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Nawi Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Paul Kowal
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Vantage Health Solutions, Yangon 11072, Myanmar.
| | - Ailiana Santosa
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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El-Mogy M, Lam B, Haj-Ahmad TA, McGowan S, Yu D, Nosal L, Rghei N, Roberts P, Haj-Ahmad Y. Diversity and signature of small RNA in different bodily fluids using next generation sequencing. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:408. [PMID: 29843592 PMCID: PMC5975555 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small RNAs are critical components in regulating various cellular pathways. These molecules may be tissue-associated or circulating in bodily fluids and have been shown to associate with different tumors. Next generation sequencing (NGS) on small RNAs is a powerful tool for profiling and discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs). RESULTS In this study, we isolated total RNA from various bodily fluids: blood, leukocytes, serum, plasma, saliva, cell-free saliva, urine and cell-free urine. Next, we used Illumina's NGS platform and intensive bioinformatics analysis to investigate the distribution and signature of small RNAs in the various fluids. Successful NGS was accomplished despite the variations in RNA concentrations among the different fluids. Among the fluids studied, blood and plasma were found to be the most promising fluids for small RNA profiling as well as novel miRNA prediction. Saliva and urine yielded lower numbers of identifiable molecules and therefore were less reliable in small RNA profiling and less useful in predicting novel molecules. In addition, all fluids shared many molecules, including 139 miRNAs, the most abundant tRNAs, and the most abundant piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Fluids of similar origin (blood, urine or saliva) displayed closer clustering, while each fluid still retains its own characteristic signature based on its unique molecules and its levels of the common molecules. Donor urine samples showed sex-dependent differential clustering, which may prove useful for future studies. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the successful clustering and unique signatures of bodily fluids based on their miRNA, tRNA and piRNA content. With this information, cohorts may be differentiated based on multiple molecules from each small RNA class by a multidimensional assessment of the overall molecular signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Mogy
- Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON L2V 4Y6 Canada
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bernard Lam
- Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON L2V 4Y6 Canada
| | | | - Shannon McGowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Darrick Yu
- Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON L2V 4Y6 Canada
| | - Lucas Nosal
- Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON L2V 4Y6 Canada
| | - Nezar Rghei
- Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON L2V 4Y6 Canada
| | - Pam Roberts
- Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON L2V 4Y6 Canada
| | - Yousef Haj-Ahmad
- Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON L2V 4Y6 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
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Zhang S, Tomata Y, Sugiyama K, Kaiho Y, Honkura K, Watanabe T, Tanji F, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I. Body mass index and the risk of incident functional disability in elderly Japanese: The OHSAKI Cohort 2006 Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4452. [PMID: 27495075 PMCID: PMC4979829 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of cause-specific disability remains unclear.We conducted a prospective cohort study of 12,376 Japanese individuals aged ≥65 years who were followed up for 5.7 years. Information on BMI and other lifestyle factors was collected via a questionnaire in 2006. Functional disability data were retrieved from the public Long-term Care Insurance database. BMI was divided into 6 groups (<21, 21-<23, 23-<25, 25-<27[reference], 27-<29 and ≥29). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cause-specific disability were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.A U-shaped relationship between BMI and functional disability was observed, with a nadir at 26. The nadir BMI values with the lowest disability risk were 28 for dementia, 25 for stroke, and 23 for joint disease. A low BMI (<23) was a risk factor for disability due to dementia, the HR values (95% CI) being 2.48 (1.70-3.63) for BMI <21 and 2.25 (1.54-3.27) for BMI 21 to <23; a high BMI (≥29) was a risk factor for disability due to joint disease, the HR value (95% CI) being 2.17 (1.40-3.35). There was no significant relationship between BMI and disability due to stroke.The BMI nadirs for cause-specific disability differed: a low BMI (<23) was a risk factor for disability due to dementia, and a high BMI (≥29) was a risk factor for disability due to joint disease. Because BMI values of 23 to <29 did not pose a significantly higher risk for each cause of disability, this range should be regarded as the optimal one for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Correspondence: Shu Zhang, Division of Epidemiology, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (e-mail: )
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Peterson MD, McGrath R, Zhang P, Markides KS, Al Snih S, Wong R. Muscle Weakness Is Associated With Diabetes in Older Mexicans: The Mexican Health and Aging Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17:933-8. [PMID: 27450948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of cardiovascular problems due to diabetes mellitus is highest among older Mexicans, and yet what remains to be determined is the association between muscle weakness and diabetes in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between muscle strength and diabetes among Mexican adults greater than 50 years of age. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING National sample of households in both urban and rural areas. PARTICIPANTS A subsample of 1841 individuals aged 50 years and older was included from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study. MEASUREMENTS Strength was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer, and the single largest reading from either hand was normalized to body mass (normalized grip strength [NGS]). Conditional inference tree analyses were used to identify sex-specific NGS weakness thresholds. Linear regression was used to examine the association between NGS and HbA1c, and logistic regression was used to assess the association between weakness and risk of diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5% [≥48 mmol/mol]), after controlling for age, sex, and waist circumference. RESULTS NGS was inversely associated with HbA1c (β = -1.56; P < .001). Optimal sex-specific NGS weakness thresholds to detect diabetes were ≤0.46 and ≤0.30 for men and women, respectively. Weakness was associated with significantly increased odds of diabetes (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-2.10), even after adjusting for age, sex, and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS NGS was robustly associated with diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors in older Mexicans. This simple screen may serve as a valuable tool to identify adults that are at risk for negative health consequences or early mortality and who might benefit from lifestyle interventions to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kyriakos S Markides
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Soham Al Snih
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences/School of Health Professions, Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Geriatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Sealy Center on Aging; Preventive Medicine & Community Health; WHO/PAHO Collaborating Center on Aging and Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Aune D, Sen A, Prasad M, Norat T, Janszky I, Tonstad S, Romundstad P, Vatten LJ. BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants. BMJ 2016; 353:i2156. [PMID: 27146380 PMCID: PMC4856854 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of body mass index (BMI) and the risk of all cause mortality, and to clarify the shape and the nadir of the dose-response curve, and the influence on the results of confounding from smoking, weight loss associated with disease, and preclinical disease. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase databases searched up to 23 September 2015. STUDY SELECTION Cohort studies that reported adjusted risk estimates for at least three categories of BMI in relation to all cause mortality. DATA SYNTHESIS Summary relative risks were calculated with random effects models. Non-linear associations were explored with fractional polynomial models. RESULTS 230 cohort studies (207 publications) were included. The analysis of never smokers included 53 cohort studies (44 risk estimates) with >738 144 deaths and >9 976 077 participants. The analysis of all participants included 228 cohort studies (198 risk estimates) with >3 744 722 deaths among 30 233 329 participants. The summary relative risk for a 5 unit increment in BMI was 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.21; I(2)=95%, n=44) among never smokers, 1.21 (1.18 to 1.25; I(2)=93%, n=25) among healthy never smokers, 1.27 (1.21 to 1.33; I(2)=89%, n=11) among healthy never smokers with exclusion of early follow-up, and 1.05 (1.04 to 1.07; I(2)=97%, n=198) among all participants. There was a J shaped dose-response relation in never smokers (Pnon-linearity <0.001), and the lowest risk was observed at BMI 23-24 in never smokers, 22-23 in healthy never smokers, and 20-22 in studies of never smokers with ≥20 years' follow-up. In contrast there was a U shaped association between BMI and mortality in analyses with a greater potential for bias including all participants, current, former, or ever smokers, and in studies with a short duration of follow-up (<5 years or <10 years), or with moderate study quality scores. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity is associated with increased risk of all cause mortality and the nadir of the curve was observed at BMI 23-24 among never smokers, 22-23 among healthy never smokers, and 20-22 with longer durations of follow-up. The increased risk of mortality observed in underweight people could at least partly be caused by residual confounding from prediagnostic disease. Lack of exclusion of ever smokers, people with prevalent and preclinical disease, and early follow-up could bias the results towards a more U shaped association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Manya Prasad
- Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Imre Janszky
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Serena Tonstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pål Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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