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Zhou X, Jin J, Lv T, Song Y. A Narrative Review: The Role of NETs in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome/Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1464. [PMID: 38338744 PMCID: PMC10855305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) still has a high mortality rate, and the alleviation and treatment of ARDS remains a major research focus. There are various causes of ARDS, among which pneumonia and non-pulmonary sepsis are the most common. Trauma and blood transfusion can also cause ARDS. In ARDS, the aggregation and infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs have a great influence on the development of the disease. Neutrophils regulate inflammatory responses through various pathways, and the release of neutrophils through neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is considered to be one of the most important mechanisms. NETs are mainly composed of DNA, histones, and granuloproteins, all of which can mediate downstream signaling pathways that can activate inflammatory responses, generate immune clots, and cause damage to surrounding tissues. At the same time, the components of NETs can also promote the formation and release of NETs, thus forming a vicious cycle that continuously aggravates the progression of the disease. NETs are also associated with cytokine storms and immune balance. Since DNA is the main component of NETs, DNase I is considered a viable drug for removing NETs. Other therapeutic methods to inhibit the formation of NETs are also worthy of further exploration. This review discusses the formation and mechanism of NETs in ARDS. Understanding the association between NETs and ARDS may help to develop new perspectives on the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.Z.); (J.J.)
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Zanza C, Saglietti F, Tesauro M, Longhitano Y, Savioli G, Balzanelli MG, Romenskaya T, Cofone L, Pindinello I, Racca G, Racca F. Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Emergency Medicine. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:445-463. [PMID: 37887077 PMCID: PMC10604083 DOI: 10.3390/arm91050034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) is characterized by the development of acute respiratory failure associated with the accumulation of fluid in the lung's alveolar spaces due to an elevated cardiac filling pressure. All cardiac diseases, characterized by an increasing pressure in the left side of the heart, can cause CPE. High capillary pressure for an extended period can also cause barrier disruption, which implies increased permeability and fluid transfer into the alveoli, leading to edema and atelectasis. The breakdown of the alveolar-epithelial barrier is a consequence of multiple factors that include dysregulated inflammation, intense leukocyte infiltration, activation of procoagulant processes, cell death, and mechanical stretch. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can modify or damage ion channels, such as epithelial sodium channels, which alters fluid balance. Some studies claim that these patients may have higher levels of surfactant protein B in the bloodstream. The correct approach to patients with CPE should include a detailed medical history and a physical examination to evaluate signs and symptoms of CPE as well as potential causes. Second-level diagnostic tests, such as pulmonary ultrasound, natriuretic peptide level, chest radiograph, and echocardiogram, should occur in the meantime. The identification of the specific CPE phenotype is essential to set the most appropriate therapy for these patients. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) should be considered early in the treatment of this disease. Diuretics and vasodilators are used for pulmonary congestion. Hypoperfusion requires treatment with inotropes and occasionally vasopressors. Patients with persistent symptoms and diuretic resistance might benefit from additional approaches (i.e., beta-agonists and pentoxifylline). This paper reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of CPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zanza
- Post Graduate School of Geriatric Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Italian Society of Prehospital Emergency Medicine (SIS 118), 74121 Taranto, Italy
| | - Francesco Saglietti
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Post Graduate School of Geriatric Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Humanitas University Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Tatsiana Romenskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Cofone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (I.P.)
| | - Ivano Pindinello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (I.P.)
| | - Giulia Racca
- Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, AO Ordine Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy; (G.R.)
| | - Fabrizio Racca
- Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, AO Ordine Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy; (G.R.)
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Alekhmimi NK, Cialla-May D, Ramadan Q, Eissa S, Popp J, Al-Kattan K, Zourob M. Biosensing Platform for the Detection of Biomarkers for ALI/ARDS in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of LPS Mice Model. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:676. [PMID: 37504075 PMCID: PMC10376962 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a worldwide health concern. The pathophysiological features of ALI/ARDS include a pulmonary immunological response. The development of a rapid and low-cost biosensing platform for the detection of ARDS is urgently needed. In this study, we report the development of a paper-based multiplexed sensing platform to detect human NE, PR3 and MMP-2 proteases. Through monitoring the three proteases in infected mice after the intra-nasal administration of LPS, we showed that these proteases played an essential role in ALI/ARDS. The paper-based sensor utilized a colorimetric detection approach based on the cleavage of peptide-magnetic nanoparticle conjugates, which led to a change in the gold nanoparticle-modified paper sensor. The multiplexing of human NE, PR3 and MMP-2 proteases was tested and compared after 30 min, 2 h, 4 h and 24 h of LPS administration. The multiplexing platform of the three analytes led to relatively marked peptide cleavage occurring only after 30 min and 24 h. The results demonstrated that MMP-2, PR3 and human NE can provide a promising biosensing platform for ALI/ARDS in infected mice at different stages. MMP-2 was detected at all stages (30 min-24 h); however, the detection of human NE and PR3 can be useful for early- (30 min) and late-stage (24 h) detection of ALI/ARDS. Further studies are necessary to apply these potential diagnostic biosensing platforms to detect ARDS in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Khalid Alekhmimi
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, AlTakhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Qasem Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, AlTakhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa Eissa
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Khaled Al-Kattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, AlTakhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Xu F, Chen R, Shen Y, Liu H, Hu L, Zhu L. CircUBXN7 suppresses cell proliferation and facilitates cell apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury by sponging miR-622 and regulating the IL6ST/JAK1/STAT3 axis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 153:106313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Sun Q, Tao X, Li B, Cao H, Chen H, Zou Y, Tao H, Mu M, Wang W, Xu K. C-X-C-Chemokine-Receptor-Type-4 Inhibitor AMD3100 Attenuates Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis in Silicotic Mice. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5827-5843. [PMID: 36238768 PMCID: PMC9553317 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s372751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicosis is a severe pulmonary disease caused by inhaling dust containing crystalline silica. The progression of silicosis to pulmonary fibrosis is usually unavoidable. Recent studies have revealed positivity for the overexpression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in pulmonary fibrosis and shown that the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 attenuated pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin challenge and paraquat exposure. However, it is unclear whether AMD3100 reduces crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were instilled intranasally with a single dose of crystalline silica (12 mg/60 μL) to establish an acute silicosis mouse model. Twelve hours later, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5 mg/kg AMD3100 or control solution. Then, the mice were weighed daily and sacrificed on day 7, 14, or 28 to collect lung tissue and peripheral blood. Western blotting was also applied to determine the level of CXCR4, while different histological techniques were used to assess pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, the level of B cells in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry. Results CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 were upregulated in the lung tissues of crystalline silica-exposed mice. Blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 suppressed the upregulation of CXCR4/CXCL12, reduced the severity of lung injury, and prevented weight loss. It also inhibited neutrophil infiltration at inflammatory sites and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, as well as reduced B-lymphocyte aggregates in the lung. Additionally, it decreased the recruitment of circulating fibrocytes (CD45+collagen I+CXCR4+) to the lung and the deposition of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin in lung tissue. AMD3100 also increased the level of B cells in peripheral blood, preventing circulating B cells from migrating to the injured lungs. Conclusion Blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 delays pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a silicosis mouse model, suggesting the potential of AMD3100 as a drug for treating silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Sun
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xinrong Tao, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Bing Li
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangbing Cao
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoming Chen
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Zou
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Tao
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Mu
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyang Wang
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyi Xu
- Center for Medical Research, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Lu J, Liu J, Li A. Roles of neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in organ function impairment in sepsis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:437-450. [PMID: 35686524 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a condition of severe organ failure caused by the maladaptive response of the host to an infection. It is a severe complication affecting critically ill patients, which can progress to severe sepsis, septic shock, and ultimately death. As a vital part of the human innate immune system, neutrophils are essential in resisting pathogen invasion, infection, and immune surveillance. Neutrophil-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in organ dysfunction related to sepsis. In recent years, ROS have received a lot of attention as a major cause of sepsis, which can progress to severe sepsis and septic shock. This paper reviews the existing knowledge on the production mechanism of neutrophil ROS in human organ function impairment because of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lu
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
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Sercundes MK, Ortolan LS, da Silva Julio V, Bella LM, de Castro Quirino T, Debone D, Carneiro-Ramos MS, Christoffolete MA, Martins JO, D'Império Lima MR, Alvarez JM, Amarante-Mendes GP, Gonçalves LA, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Blockade of caspase cascade overcomes malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:144. [PMID: 35145061 PMCID: PMC8831525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an enormous burden on global health that caused 409,000 deaths in 2019. Severe malaria can manifest in the lungs, an illness known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Not much is known about the development of malaria-associated ARDS (MA-ARDS), especially regarding cell death in the lungs. We had previously established a murine model that mimics various human ARDS aspects, such as pulmonary edema, hemorrhages, pleural effusion, and hypoxemia, using DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Here, we explored the mechanisms and the involvement of apoptosis in this syndrome. We found that apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of MA-ARDS, primarily as facilitators of the alveolar-capillary barrier breakdown. The protection of pulmonary endothelium by inhibiting caspase activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent the pathogenicity of MA-ARDS. Therefore, intervention in the programmed death cell mechanism could help patients not to develop severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Sercundes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana S Ortolan
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Global Infectious Disease, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Viviane da Silva Julio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Bella
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thatyane de Castro Quirino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Debone
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joilson O Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José M Alvarez
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Antunes Gonçalves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Zhu Y, Wang Y, Xing S, Xiong J. Blocking SNHG14 Antagonizes Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Acute Lung Injury via SNHG14/miR-124-3p Axis. J Surg Res 2021; 263:140-150. [PMID: 33652176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators in pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI). Small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) is a novel oncogenic lncRNA, and has been associated with inflammation-related cell injuries. Thus, we wondered the role and mechanism of SNHG14 in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced ALI cell model. METHODS Expression of SNHG14, miRNA (miR)-124-3p, and transforming growth factor β type 2 receptor (TGFBR2) was detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Cell apoptosis was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and lactate dehydrogenase activity kit. Inflammation was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction among SNHG14, miR-124-3p, and TGFBR2 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS LPS administration attenuated human lung epithelial cell viability and B-cell lymphoma-2 expression, but augmented apoptosis rate, cleaved-caspase-3 expression, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and secretions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and IL-6 in A549 cells. Thus, LPS induced A549 cells apoptosis and inflammation, wherein SNHG14 was upregulated and miR-124-3p was downregulated. However, silencing SNHG14 could suppress LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation depending on upregulating miR-124-3p via target binding. Similarly, overexpressing miR-124-3p attenuated LPS-induced A549 cells injury through inhibiting its downstream target TGFBR2. Furthermore, SNHG14 knockdown could also affect TGFBR2 expression via miR-124-3p. CONCLUSIONS SNHG14 knockdown prevents A549 cells from LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation through regulating miR-124-3p and TGFBR2, suggesting a novel SNHG14/miR-124-3p/TGFBR2 circuit in alveolar epithelial cells on the set of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Shigang Xing
- Department of Respiratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Respiratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.
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Liang H, Ding X, Li H, Li L, Sun T. Association Between Prior Aspirin Use and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence in At-Risk Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:738. [PMID: 32508656 PMCID: PMC7248262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that prior antiplatelet drug use could ameliorate the risk and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the connection between prior acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) use and the risk of ARDS is unknown. Our primary objective was to perform a meta-analysis on the currently available studies to assess the association between aspirin use prior to ARDS onset and ARDS incidence in at-risk patients. Methods Two investigators separately searched four research databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant articles from the earliest available data through to July 14, 2019. In this paper, we performed a meta-analysis of the fixed effects model using the inverse variance-weighted average method to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary outcome was risk of ARDS, and the secondary outcome was the hospital mortality of at-risk patients. Results This article included seven studies altogether, enrolling 6,764 at-risk patients. Our meta-analysis revealed that, compared to non-aspirin use, prior aspirin use was linked with a significantly lower incidence of ARDS in at-risk patients (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.96; P = 0.018) with low statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 1.7%). Additionally, difference between prior aspirin use and non-aspirin use was not remarkable for hospital mortality in at-risk patients (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73–1.07; P = 0.204), and this analysis did not involve statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Conclusions This article indicates an association between prior aspirin use and a lower incidence of ARDS in at-risk patients, suggesting that aspirin use could potentially lower the risk of ARDS, and the investigation of such an effect is an interesting area for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoyan Liang
- General ICU, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- General ICU, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- General ICU, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Cancer Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Yan Z, Spaulding HR. Extracellular superoxide dismutase, a molecular transducer of health benefits of exercise. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101508. [PMID: 32220789 PMCID: PMC7109453 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of superoxide anion (O2.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix through its heparin-binding domain. Enhanced EcSOD activity prevents oxidative stress and damage, which are fundamental in a variety of disease pathologies. In this review we will discuss the findings in humans and animal studies supporting the benefits of EcSOD induced by exercise training in reducing oxidative stress in various tissues. In particularly, we will highlight the importance of skeletal muscle EcSOD, which is induced by endurance exercise and redistributed through the circulation to the peripheral tissues, as a molecular transducer of exercise training to confer protection against oxidative stress and damage in various disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Hannah R Spaulding
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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Yang JX, Li M, Chen XO, Lian QQ, Wang Q, Gao F, Jin SW, Zheng SX. Lipoxin A 4 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury through stimulating epithelial proliferation, reducing epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Respir Res 2019; 20:192. [PMID: 31438948 PMCID: PMC6704532 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by alveolar epithelial disruption. Lipoxins (LXs), as so-called “braking signals” of inflammation, are the first mediators identified to have dual anti-inflammatory and inflammatory pro-resolving properties. Methods In vivo, lipoxinA4 was administrated intraperitoneally with 1 μg/per mouse after intra-tracheal LPS administration (10 mg/kg). Apoptosis, proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of AT II cells were measured by immunofluorescence. In vitro, primary human alveolar type II cells were used to model the effects of lipoxin A4 upon proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Results In vivo, lipoxin A4 markedly promoted alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT II cells) proliferation, inhibited AT II cells apoptosis, reduced cleaved caspase-3 expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, with the outcome of attenuated LPS-induced lung injury. In vitro, lipoxin A4 increased primary human alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT II cells) proliferation and reduced LPS induced AT II cells apoptosis. LipoxinA4 also inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition in response to TGF-β1, which was lipoxin receptor dependent. In addition, Smad3 inhibitor (Sis3) and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) treatment abolished the inhibitory effects of lipoxinA4 on the epithelial mesenchymal transition of primary human AT II cells. Lipoxin A4 significantly downregulated the expressions of p-AKT and p-Smad stimulated by TGF-β1 in primary human AT II cells. Conclusion LipoxinA4 attenuates lung injury via stimulating epithelial cell proliferation, reducing epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1158-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Yang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xin-Ou Chen
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qing-Quan Lian
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Sheng-Xing Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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12
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Protein S is Protective in Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051082. [PMID: 30832349 PMCID: PMC6429595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a fatal disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, protein-rich edema, and impairment of gas exchange. Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that exerts anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether human protein S inhibits cell apoptosis in acute lung injury. Acute lung injury in human protein S transgenic and wild-type mice was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. The effect of human protein S on apoptosis of lung tissue cells was evaluated by Western blotting. Inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar wall thickening, myeloperoxidase activity, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were reduced in human protein S transgenic mice compared to the wild-type mice after lipopolysaccharide instillation. Apoptotic cells and caspase-3 activity were reduced while phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase was enhanced in the lung tissue from human protein S transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice after lipopolysaccharide instillation. The results of this study suggest that human protein S is protective in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting apoptosis of lung cells.
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13
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Deng W, Li CY, Tong J, He J, Zhao Y, Wang DX. Insulin ameliorates pulmonary edema through the upregulation of epithelial sodium channel via the PI3K/SGK1 pathway in mice with lipopolysaccharide‑induced lung injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1665-1677. [PMID: 30628684 PMCID: PMC6390057 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) provides the driving force for the removal of edema from the alveolar spaces in acute lung injury (ALI). Our previous study reported that insulin increased the expression of α‑ENaC, possibly via the serum/glucocorticoid‑inducible kinase‑1 (SGK1) pathway in ALI; however, the upstream regulator of SGK1 activity remains unclear. In the current study, C3H/HeN mice were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced lung injury without hyperglycemia. Exogenous insulin was administered intravenously using a micro‑osmotic pump, and intratracheal delivery of SGK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was performed. Furthermore, alveolar epithelial type II cells transfected with phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K) siRNA or SGK1 siRNA were incubated with insulin. Insulin protected the pulmonary epithelial barrier, reduced the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, attenuated pulmonary edema, improved alveolar fluid clearance, and increased the expression levels of α‑, β‑ and γ‑ENaC in mice. In addition, in alveolar epithelial cells, insulin increased the expression levels of α‑, β‑ and γ‑ENaC, as well as the level of phosphorylated SGK1, which were then inhibited by the selective targeting of PI3K or SGK1 by siRNA. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that insulin protected the lung epithelium and attenuated pulmonary edema through the upregulation of ENaC via the PI3K/SGK1 pathway in LPS‑induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Yi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Xin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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14
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Yu H, Ni YN, Liang ZA, Liang BM, Wang Y. The effect of aspirin in preventing the acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury: A meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 36:1486-1491. [PMID: 29804790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of aspirin in preventing the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI) among adult patients are controversial. We aimed to further determine the effectiveness of aspirin in reducing the rate of ARDS/ALI. METHODS The Pubmed, Embase, Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) as well as the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) Web of Science were searched for all controlled studies that research the role of aspirin in adult patients who have the risk of ARDS/ALI. The outcomes were the ARDS/ALI rate and the mortality. Cochrane systematic review software, Review Manager (RevMan), the R software for statistical computing version 3.2.0, and the metafor package were used to test the hypothesis by Mann-Whitney U test. The heterogeneity test and sensitivity analyses were conducted, and random-effects or fixed-effects model was applied to calculate odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) for dichotomous and continuous data, respectively. RESULTS Six trials involving 6562 patients were pooled in our final study. No significant heterogeneity was found in outcome measures. Aspirin could reduce the rate of ARDS/ALI (OR 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.86) but not the mortality (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.71-1.07). CONCLUSIONS In patients with risk of ARDS/ALI, aspirin could provide protective effect on the rate of ARDS/ALI, but it could not reduce the mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yue-Nan Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zong-An Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Bin-Miao Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Sichuan 2nd Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610041, China.
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15
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Biron BM, Chung CS, Chen Y, Wilson Z, Fallon EA, Reichner JS, Ayala A. PAD4 Deficiency Leads to Decreased Organ Dysfunction and Improved Survival in a Dual Insult Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Sepsis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:1817-1828. [PMID: 29374076 PMCID: PMC5821587 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Indirect acute respiratory distress syndrome (iARDS) is caused by a nonpulmonary inflammatory process resulting from insults such as nonpulmonary sepsis. Neutrophils are thought to play a significant role in mediating ARDS, with the development of iARDS being characterized by dysregulation and recruitment of activated neutrophils into the lung. Recently, a novel mechanism of microbial killing by neutrophils was identified through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are composed of large webs of decondensed chromatin released from activated neutrophils into the extracellular space; they are regulated by the enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) through mediation of chromatin decondensation via citrullination of target histones. Components of NETs have been implicated in ARDS. However, it is unknown whether there is any pathological significance of NET formation in ARDS caused indirectly by nonpulmonary insult. We subjected PAD4-/- mice and wild-type mice to a "two-hit" model of hypovolemic shock (fixed-pressure hemorrhage [Hem]) followed by septic cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) insult (Hem/CLP). Mice were hemorrhaged and resuscitated; 24 h after Hem, mice were then subjected to CLP. Overall, PAD4 deletion led to an improved survival as compared with wild-type mice. PAD4-/- mice displayed a marked decrease in neutrophil influx into the lung, as well decreased presence of proinflammatory mediators. PAD4-/- mice were also able to maintain baseline kidney function after Hem/CLP. These data taken together suggest PAD4-mediated NET formation contributes to the mortality associated with shock/sepsis and may play a role in the pathobiology of end organ injury in response to combined hemorrhage plus sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Biron
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Yaping Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Zachary Wilson
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Eleanor A Fallon
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Jonathan S Reichner
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
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16
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Li PC, Wang BR, Li CC, Lu X, Qian WS, Li YJ, Jin FG, Mu DG. Seawater inhalation induces acute lung injury via ROS generation and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2505-2516. [PMID: 29436612 PMCID: PMC5846659 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seawater (SW) inhalation can induce acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the present study, SW induced apoptosis of rat alveolar epithelial cells and histopathological alterations to lung tissue. Furthermore, SW administration increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas pretreatment with the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), significantly decreased ROS generation, apoptosis and histopathological alterations. In addition, SW exposure upregulated the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), which are critical proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, thus indicating that SW may activate ER stress. Conversely, blocking ER stress with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) significantly improved SW-induced apoptosis and histopathological alterations, whereas an ER stress inducer, thapsigargin, had the opposite effect. Furthermore, blocking ROS with NAC inhibited SW-induced ER stress, as evidenced by the downregulation of GRP78, phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), p-inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α), p-50 activating transcription factor 6α and CHOP. In addition, blocking ER stress with 4-PBA decreased ROS generation. In conclusion, the present study indicated that ROS and ER stress pathways, which are involved in alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, are important in the pathogenesis of SW-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Rong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Sheng Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Juan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Guang Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - De-Guang Mu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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17
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Maknitikul S, Luplertlop N, Chaisri U, Maneerat Y, Ampawong S. Featured Article: Immunomodulatory effect of hemozoin on pneumocyte apoptosis via CARD9 pathway, a possibly retarding pulmonary resolution. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:395-407. [PMID: 29402133 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218757458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent malaria parasite species, causes severe symptoms especially acute lung injury (ALI), of which characterized by alveolar epithelium and endothelium destruction and accelerated to blood-gas-barrier breakdown. Parasitized erythrocytes, endothelial cells, monocytes, and cytokines are all involved in this mechanism, but hemozoin (HZ), the parasitic waste from heme detoxification, also mainly contributes. In addition, it is not clear why type II pneumocyte proliferation, alveolar restorative stage, is rare in malaria-associated ALI. To address this, in vitro culture of A549 cells with Plasmodium HZ or with interleukin (IL)-1β triggered by HZ and monocytes (HZ-IL-1β) was conducted to determine their alveolar apoptotic effect using ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, and electron mircroscopic study. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 ( CARD9), the apoptotic regulator gene, and IL-1β were quantified by reverse-transcriptase PCR. Junctional cellular defects were characterized by immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin. The results revealed that cellular apoptosis and CARD9 expression levels were extremely high 24 h after induction by HZ-IL-1β when compared to the HZ- and non-treated groups. E-cadherin was markedly down-regulated by HZ-IL-1β and HZ treatments. CARD9 expression was positively correlated with IL-1β expression and the number of apoptotic cells. Interestingly, the localization of HZ in the vesicular surfactant of apoptotic pneumocyte was also identified and submitted to be a cause of alveolar resolution abnormality. Thus, HZ triggers monocytes to produce IL-1β and induces pneumocyte type II apoptosis through CARD9 pathway in association with down-regulated E-cadherin, which probably impairs alveolar resolution in malaria-associated ALI. Impact statement The present work shows the physical and immunomodulatory properties of hemozoin on the induction of pneumocyte apoptosis in relation to IL-1β production through the CARD9 pathway. This occurrence may be a possible pathway for the retardation of lung resolution leading to blood-gas-barrier breakdown. Our findings lead to the understanding of the host-parasite relationship focusing on the dysfunction in ALI induced by HZ, a possible pathway of the recovering lung epithelial retardation in malaria-associated ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitang Maknitikul
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Urai Chaisri
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yaowapa Maneerat
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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18
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Herrero R, Sanchez G, Lorente JA. New insights into the mechanisms of pulmonary edema in acute lung injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:32. [PMID: 29430449 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Appearance of alveolar protein-rich edema is an early event in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar edema in ARDS results from a significant increase in the permeability of the alveolar epithelial barrier, and represents one of the main factors that contribute to the hypoxemia in these patients. Damage of the alveolar epithelium is considered a major mechanism responsible for the increased pulmonary permeability, which results in edema fluid containing high concentrations of extravasated macromolecules in the alveoli. The breakdown of the alveolar-epithelial barrier is a consequence of multiple factors that include dysregulated inflammation, intense leukocyte infiltration, activation of pro-coagulant processes, cell death and mechanical stretch. The disruption of tight junction (TJ) complexes at the lateral contact of epithelial cells, the loss of contact between epithelial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), and relevant changes in the communication between epithelial and immune cells, are deleterious alterations that mediate the disruption of the alveolar epithelial barrier and thereby the formation of lung edema in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Sanchez
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Lorente
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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19
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White MJV, Chinea LE, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Protease activated-receptor 2 is necessary for neutrophil chemorepulsion induced by trypsin, tryptase, or dipeptidyl peptidase IV. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:119-128. [PMID: 29345066 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0717-308r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to neutrophil chemoattractants, relatively little is known about the mechanism neutrophils use to respond to chemorepellents. We previously found that the soluble extracellular protein dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a neutrophil chemorepellent. In this report, we show that an inhibitor of the protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) blocks DPPIV-induced human neutrophil chemorepulsion, and that PAR2 agonists such as trypsin, tryptase, 2f-LIGRL, SLIGKV, and AC55541 induce human neutrophil chemorepulsion. Several PAR2 agonists in turn block the ability of the chemoattractant fMLP to attract neutrophils. Compared to neutrophils from male and female C57BL/6 mice, neutrophils from male and female mice lacking PAR2 are insensitive to the chemorepulsive effects of DPPIV or PAR2 agonists. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves an insult-mediated influx of neutrophils into the lungs. In a mouse model of ARDS, aspiration of PAR2 agonists starting 24 h after an insult reduce neutrophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, as well as the post-BAL lung tissue. Together, these results indicate that the PAR2 receptor mediates DPPIV-induced chemorepulsion, and that PAR2 agonists might be useful to induce neutrophil chemorepulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J V White
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Luis E Chinea
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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20
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Cen C, McGinn J, Aziz M, Yang WL, Cagliani J, Nicastro JM, Coppa GF, Wang P. Deficiency in cold-inducible RNA-binding protein attenuates acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Surgery 2017; 162:917-927. [PMID: 28709648 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion can occur in shock and mesenteric occlusive diseases, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Aside from local injury, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion can result in remote organ damage, particularly in the lungs. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) was identified as a novel inflammatory mediator. We hypothesized that a deficiency in CIRP would protect the lungs during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS Intestinal ischemia was induced in adult male C57BL/6 wild-type and CIRP knock-out (CIRP-/-) mice via clamping of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 minutes. Reperfusion was allowed for 4 hours or 20 hours, and blood, gut, and lung tissues were harvested for various analyses. RESULTS After intestinal ischemia-reperfusion, the elevated levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 were reduced by 68% and 98%, respectively, at 20 hours after ischemia-reperfusion in CIRP-/- mice compared with the wild-type mice. In the gut, mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 were reduced by 67% at 4 hours after ischemia-reperfusion in CIRP-/- mice. In the lungs, inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 protein and myeloperoxidase activity were reduced by 78% and 26% at 20 hours and 4 hours after ischemia-reperfusion, respectively, in CIRP-/- mice. Finally, the elevated lung caspase-3 was significantly decreased by 55%, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells decreased by 91%, and lung injury score decreased by 37% in CIRP-/- mice at 20 hours after ischemia-reperfusion. CONCLUSION Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase, and apoptosis are the hallmarks of acute respiratory distress syndrome. We noticed after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion the proinflammatory milieu in lungs was elevated significantly, while the CIRP-/- mice had significantly decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokine, myeloperoxidase, and apoptotic cells leading to decreased lung injury. These findings strongly established a causal link between CIRP and acute respiratory distress syndrome during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Targeting CIRP may therefore be beneficial for treatment of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Cen
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY
| | - Joseph McGinn
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY; Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Joaquin Cagliani
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Jeffrey M Nicastro
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY
| | - Gene F Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY; Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY.
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21
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Intratracheal Administration of Small Interfering RNA Targeting Fas Reduces Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:e604-13. [PMID: 26963318 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Fas-mediated apoptosis is one of the pathologic mechanisms involved in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that the inhibition of Fas gene expression in lungs by intratracheal administration of small interfering RNA could reduce lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in an ex vivo model reproducing the procedural sequence of lung transplantation. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS C57/BL6 mice weighing 28-30 g. INTERVENTIONS Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in lungs isolated from mice, 48 hours after treatment with intratracheal small interfering RNA targeting Fas, control small interfering RNA, or vehicle. Isolated lungs were exposed to 6 hours of cold ischemia (4°C), followed by 2 hours of warm (37°C) reperfusion with a solution containing 10% of fresh whole blood and mechanical ventilation with constant low driving pressure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fas gene expression was significantly silenced at the level of messenger RNA and protein after ischemia-reperfusion in lungs treated with small interfering RNA targeting Fas compared with lungs treated with control small interfering RNA or vehicle. Silencing of Fas gene expression resulted in reduced edema formation (bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration and lung histology) and improvement in lung compliance. These effects were associated with a significant reduction of pulmonary cell apoptosis of lungs treated with small interfering RNA targeting Fas, which did not affect cytokine release and neutrophil infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Fas expression silencing in the lung by small interfering RNA is effective against ischemia-reperfusion injury. This approach represents a potential innovative strategy of organ preservation before lung transplantation.
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Liu T, Wang FP, Wang G, Mao H. Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:730-736. [PMID: 28303858 PMCID: PMC5358425 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.201608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are representative chronic inflammatory airway diseases responsible for a considerable burden of disease. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Data Sources: Articles published up to January 1, 2017, were selected from the PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase databases, with the keywords of “asthma” or “pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive”, “neutrophils” and “extracellular traps.” Study Selection: Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the role of NETs in asthma and COPD. Results: NETs are composed of extracellular DNA, histones, and granular proteins, which are released from activated neutrophils. Multiple studies have indicated that there are a large amount of NETs in the airways of asthmatics and COPD patients. NETs can engulf and kill invading pathogens in the host. However, disordered regulation of NET formation has shown to be involved in the development of asthma and COPD. An overabundance of NETs in the airways or lung tissue could cause varying degrees of damage to lung tissues by inducing the death of human epithelial and endothelial cells, and thus resulting in impairing pulmonary function and accelerating the progress of the disease. Conclusions: Excessive NETs accumulate in the airways of asthmatics and COPD patients. Although NETs play an essential role in the innate immune system against infection, excessive components of NETs can cause lung tissue damage and accelerate disease progression in asthmatics and COPD patients. These findings suggest that administration of NETs could be a novel approach to treat asthma and COPD. Mechanism studies, clinical practice, and strategies to regulate neutrophil activation or directly interrupt NET function in asthmatics and COPD patients are desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuang 610041, China
| | - Fa-Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuang 610041, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuang 610041, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuang 610041, China
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Divergent Effects of Neutrophils on Fas-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Lung Damage. Shock 2017; 47:225-235. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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B7H3 ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury via attenuation of neutrophil migration and infiltration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31284. [PMID: 27515382 PMCID: PMC4981866 DOI: 10.1038/srep31284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by an excessive inflammatory response within the lungs and severely impaired gas exchange resulting from alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and pulmonary edema. The costimulatory protein B7H3 functions as both a costimulator and coinhibitor to regulate the adaptive and innate immune response, thus participating in the development of microbial sepsis and pneumococcal meningitis. However, it is unclear whether B7H3 exerts a beneficial or detrimental role during ALI. In the present study we examined the impact of B7H3 on pulmonary inflammatory response, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) influx, and lung tissue damage in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced direct ALI. Treatment with B7H3 protected mice against LPS-induced ALI, with significantly attenuated pulmonary PMN infiltration, decreased lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein content, and ameliorated lung pathological changes. In addition, B7H3 significantly diminished LPS-stimulated PMN chemoattractant CXCL2 production by inhibiting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and substantially attenuated LPS-induced PMN chemotaxis and transendothelial migration by down-regulating CXCR2 and Mac-1 expression. These results demonstrate that B7H3 substantially ameliorates LPS-induced ALI and this protection afforded by B7H3 is predominantly associated with its inhibitory effect on pulmonary PMN migration and infiltration.
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van den Berg E, Bal SM, Kuipers MT, Matute-Bello G, Lutter R, Bos AP, van Woensel JBM, Bem RA. The caspase inhibitor zVAD increases lung inflammation in pneumovirus infection in mice. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/3/e12332. [PMID: 25780096 PMCID: PMC4393166 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is a frequent cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in young children, and is associated with marked lung epithelial injury and neutrophilic inflammation. Experimental studies on ARDS have shown that inhibition of apoptosis in the lungs reduces lung epithelial injury. However, the blockade of apoptosis in the lungs may also have deleterious effects by hampering viral clearance, and importantly, by enhancing or prolonging local proinflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the broad caspase inhibitor Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK (zVAD) on inflammation and lung injury in a mouse pneumovirus model for severe RSV disease. Eight- to 11-week-old female C57BL/6OlaHsd mice were inoculated with the rodent-specific pneumovirus pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) strain J3666 and received multiple injections of zVAD or vehicle (control) during the course of disease, after which they were studied for markers of apoptosis, inflammation, and lung injury on day 7 after infection. PVM-infected mice that received zVAD had a strong increase in neutrophil numbers in the lungs, which was associated with decreased neutrophil apoptosis. Furthermore, zVAD treatment led to higher concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs and more weight loss in PVM-infected mice. In contrast, zVAD did not reduce apoptosis of lung epithelial cells and did not affect the degree of lung injury, permeability, and viral titers in PVM disease. We conclude that zVAD has an adverse effect in severe pneumovirus disease in mice by enhancing the lung proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske van den Berg
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T Kuipers
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P Bos
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job B M van Woensel
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout A Bem
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Berkes E, Oehmke F, Tinneberg HR, Preissner KT, Saffarzadeh M. Association of neutrophil extracellular traps with endometriosis-related chronic inflammation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 183:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hu Y, Liu J, Wu YF, Lou J, Mao YY, Shen HH, Chen ZH. mTOR and autophagy in regulation of acute lung injury: a review and perspective. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:727-34. [PMID: 25084494 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of many major cellular processes including protein and lipid synthesis and autophagy, and is also implicated in an increasing number of pathological conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that both mTOR and autophagy are critically involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases including acute lung injury (ALI). However, the detailed mechanisms of these pathways in disease pathogenesis require further investigations. In certain cases within the same disease, the functions of mTOR and autophagy may vary from different cell types and pathogens. Here we review recent advances about the basic machinery of mTOR and autophagy, and their roles in ALI. We further discuss and propose the likelihood of cell type- and pathogen-dependent functions of these pathways in ALI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Lou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Hodge S, Reynolds PN. Regarding comments by Persson et al. (Airway, apoptosis, and asthma) to J. L. Simpson, P. G. Gibson, I. A. Yang, J. Upham, A. James, P. N. Reynolds, S. Hodge and AMAZES Study Research. Impaired macrophage phagocytosis in noneosinophilic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:29-35. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1086-8. [PMID: 23957345 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhang A, Yan X, Li H, Gu Z, Zhang P, Zhang H, Li Y, Yu H. TMEM16A protein attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of human lung epithelial cell line A549. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:237-50. [PMID: 24784799 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.905655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of endogenous TMEM16A in rat alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT-II) and A549, and study the effect of TMEM16A on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion. METHODS Rat AT-II cells were isolated and TMEM16A protein expression in rat AT-II cells was measured by Western blot. TMEM16A mRNA and protein expressions in A549 were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, respectively. TMEM16A gene was transfected into A549 using Lipofectamine 2000. Transfected cells were selected in the presence of G418 to create a stable TMEM16A overexpression A549 cell line. The expression of TMEM16A in A549 was knocked down by lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference. TNF-α and IL-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A dual-luciferase reporter assay system was used to measure the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. RESULTS (1) Endogenous TMEM16A was expressed in rat AT-II and A549. (2) TMEM16A expression in A549 significantly increased at 24 hours and 36 hours, and then decreased at 48 hours after LPS treatment. (3) TMEM16A mRNA and protein expressions were increased in the stable TMEM16A overexpression A549 cell line. (4) TMEM16A overexpression decreased the LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-8 secretions. (5) TMEM16A mRNA and protein expressions were knocked down in TMEM16A-siRNA lentivirus transfected A549. (6) TMEM16A knockdown increased the LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-8 secretions. (7) TMEM16A overexpression inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS TMEM16A is expressed in AT-II. TMEM16A in A549 inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation and decreases proinflammatory cytokines release, protecting A549 from acute LPS-mediated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Zhang
- 1Department of Respirology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Matsuda A, Yang WL, Jacob A, Aziz M, Matsuo S, Matsutani T, Uchida E, Wang P. FK866, a visfatin inhibitor, protects against acute lung injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in mice via NF-κB pathway. Ann Surg 2014; 259:1007-17. [PMID: 24169192 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether administration of FK866, a competitive inhibitor of visfatin, attenuates acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). BACKGROUND Acute lung injury, a frequent complication of intestinal I/R, is an inflammatory disorder of the lung, which is characterized by an overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier, resulting in multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapies for intestinal I/R is critical for the improvement of patient outcome. Visfatin, a 54-kDa secretory protein, is known as a proinflammatory cytokine and plays a deleterious role in inflammatory diseases. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to intestinal I/R induced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 90 minutes, followed by reperfusion. During reperfusion period, mice were treated with vehicle or FK866 (10 mg/kg of body weight) by an intraperitoneal injection. The levels of visfatin, proinflammatory mediators, and other markers were assessed 4 hours after reperfusion. In addition, survival study was conducted in intestinal I/R mice with or without FK866 treatment. RESULTS Plasma and lung visfatin protein levels were significantly increased after intestinal I/R. FK866 treatment significantly attenuated intestinal and lung injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production, cellular apoptosis, and NF-κB activation, hence improving survival rate. In vitro studies showed that macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharides upregulated visfatin expression, whereas FK866 inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production via modulation of the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings implicate FK866 as a novel therapeutic compound for intestinal I/R-induced attenuates acute lung injury via modulation of innate immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Matsuda
- *Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY †Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu MW, Su MX, Qin LF, Liu X, Tian ML, Zhang W, Wang YH. Effect of salidroside on lung injury by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression in septic rats. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1446-1456. [PMID: 24926325 PMCID: PMC4043580 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful drug treatment for sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI) remains a major clinical problem. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of salidroside on ameliorating cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced lung inflammation. Rats underwent CLP surgery to induce ALI and 800 mg/kg salidroside (i.v.) was administered 24 h after the CLP challenge. Subsequently, biochemical changes in the blood and lung tissues, as well as morphological and histological alterations in the lungs, that were associated with inflammation and injury were analysed. CLP was shown to significantly increase the serum levels of plasma tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, -1β and-10. In addition, CLP increased pulmonary oedema, thickened the alveolar septa and caused inflammation in the lung cells. These changes were ameliorated by the administration of 800 mg/kg salidroside (i.v.) 24 h after the CLP challenge. This post-treatment drug administration also significantly attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of nuclear factor-κβ and increased the release of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in the lung tissue. Therefore, salidroside administered following the induction of ALI by CLP significantly prevented and reversed lung tissue injuries. The positive post-treatment effects of salidroside administration indicated that salidroside may be a potential candidate for the management of lung inflammation in CLP-induced endotoxemia and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Xian Su
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Fang Qin
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Li Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Hui Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated To Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Jia SH, Parodo J, Charbonney E, Tsang JLY, Jia SY, Rotstein OD, Kapus A, Marshall JC. Activated neutrophils induce epithelial cell apoptosis through oxidant-dependent tyrosine dephosphorylation of caspase-8. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1030-1040. [PMID: 24589337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils can injure host cells through direct effects of oxidants on membrane phospholipids, but an ability to induce apoptotic cell death has not previously been reported. We show that neutrophils activated in vivo in patients who have sustained multiple trauma or in vitro by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide promote epithelial cell apoptosis through SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of epithelial cell caspase-8. Epithelial cell apoptosis induced by circulating neutrophils from patients who had sustained serious injury depended on the generation of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen intermediates and was blocked by inhibition of NADPH oxidase or restoration of intracellular glutathione. Caspase-8 was constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in a panel of resting epithelial cells, but underwent SHP-1-dependent dephosphorylation in response to hydrogen peroxide, activated neutrophils, or inhibition of Src kinases. Cells transfected with a mutant caspase-8 in which tyrosine residues at Tyr397 or Tyr465 are replaced by nonphosphorylatable phenylalanine underwent accelerated apoptosis, whereas either mutation of these residues to phosphomimetic glutamic acid or transfection with the Src kinases Lyn or c-Src inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Exposure to either hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils increased phosphorylation and activity of the phosphatase SHP-1, increased activity of caspases 8 and 3, and accelerated epithelial cell apoptosis. These observations reveal a novel mechanism for neutrophil-mediated tissue injury through oxidant-dependent, SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of caspase-8 resulting in enhanced epithelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hui Jia
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Parodo
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Charbonney
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Y Tsang
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sang Yang Jia
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Tortonto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major public health problem and a leading source of morbidity in intensive care units. Lung tissue in patients with ARDS is characterized by inflammation, with exuberant neutrophil infiltration, activation, and degranulation that is thought to initiate tissue injury through the release of proteases and oxygen radicals. Treatment of ARDS is supportive primarily because the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. This gap in knowledge must be addressed to identify urgently needed therapies. Recent research efforts in anti-inflammatory drug development have focused on identifying common control points in multiple signaling pathways. The protein kinase C (PKC) serine-threonine kinases are master regulators of proinflammatory signaling hubs, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Pharmacological inhibition of broad-spectrum PKC activity and, more importantly, of specific PKC isoforms (as well as deletion of PKCs in mice) exerts protective effects in various experimental models of lung injury. Furthermore, PKC isoforms have been implicated in inflammatory processes that may be involved in the pathophysiologic changes that result in ARDS, including activation of innate immune and endothelial cells, neutrophil trafficking to the lung, regulation of alveolar epithelial barrier functions, and control of neutrophil proinflammatory and prosurvival signaling. This review focuses on the mechanistic involvement of PKC isoforms in the pathogenesis of ARDS and highlights the potential of developing new therapeutic paradigms based on the selective inhibition (or activation) of specific PKC isoforms.
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Li N, Yin L, Thévenin D, Yamada Y, Limmon G, Chen J, Chow VT, Engelman DM, Engelward BP. Peptide targeting and imaging of damaged lung tissue in influenza-infected mice. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:257-69. [PMID: 23374130 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In this study, we investigate whether pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) can target regions of lung injury associated with influenza infection. MATERIALS & METHODS Fluorophore-conjugated pHLIP was injected intraperitoneally into mice infected with a sublethal dose of H1N1 influenza and visualized histologically. RESULTS pHLIP specifically targeted inflamed lung tissues of infected mice in the later stages of disease and at sites where alveolar type I and type II cells were depleted. Regions of pHLIP-targeted lung tissue were devoid of peroxiredoxin 6, the lung-abundant antioxidant enzyme, and were deficient in pneumocytes. Interestingly, a pHLIP variant possessing mutations that render it insensitive to pH changes was also able to target damaged lung tissue. CONCLUSION pHLIP holds potential for delivering therapeutics for lung injury during influenza infection. Furthermore, there may be more than one mechanism that enables pHLIP variants to target inflamed lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance in Research & Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore
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Messer MP, Kellermann P, Weber SJ, Hohmann C, Denk S, Klohs B, Schultze A, Braumüller S, Huber-Lang MS, Perl M. Silencing of fas, fas-associated via death domain, or caspase 3 differentially affects lung inflammation, apoptosis, and development of trauma-induced septic acute lung injury. Shock 2013; 39:19-27. [PMID: 23247118 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318277d856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Fas signaling is a potentially important pathophysiological mechanism in the development of septic acute lung injury (ALI). However, so far the optimal targets within this signaling cascade remain elusive. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that in vivo gene silencing of Fas, Fas-associated via death domain (FADD), or caspase 3 by intratracheal administration of small interfering RNA would ameliorate ALI in a clinically relevant double-hit mouse model of trauma induced septic lung injury. Male C57Bl/6 mice received small interfering (Fas, FADD, caspase 3) or control RNA 24 h before and 12 h after blunt chest trauma or sham procedures. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture 24 h after chest trauma. Twelve or 24 h later, lung tissue, plasma, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were harvested. During ALI, lung apoptosis (active caspase 3 Western blotting, TUNEL staining) was substantially increased when compared with sham. Silencing of caspase 3 or FADD both markedly reduced pulmonary apoptosis. Fas- and FADD-small interfering RNA administration substantially decreased lung cytokine concentration, whereas caspase 3 silencing did not reduce lung inflammation. In addition, Fas silencing markedly decreased lung neutrophil infiltration. Interestingly, only in response to caspase 3 silencing, ALI-induced lung epithelial barrier dysfunction was substantially improved, and histological appearance was beneficially affected. Taken together, downstream inhibition of lung apoptosis via caspase 3 silencing proved to be superior in mitigating ALI when compared with upstream inhibition of apoptosis via Fas or FADD silencing, even in the presence of additional anti-inflammatory effects. This indicates a major pathophysiological role of lung apoptosis and suggests the importance of other than Fas-driven apoptotic pathways in trauma-induced septic ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Philipp Messer
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Apoptosis in pneumovirus infection. Viruses 2013; 5:406-22. [PMID: 23344499 PMCID: PMC3564127 DOI: 10.3390/v5010406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumovirus infections cause a wide spectrum of respiratory disease in humans and animals. The airway epithelium is the major site of pneumovirus replication. Apoptosis or regulated cell death, may contribute to the host anti-viral response by limiting viral replication. However, apoptosis of lung epithelial cells may also exacerbate lung injury, depending on the extent, the timing and specific location in the lungs. Differential apoptotic responses of epithelial cells versus innate immune cells (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) during pneumovirus infection can further contribute to the complex and delicate balance between host defense and disease pathogenesis. The purpose of this manuscript is to give an overview of the role of apoptosis in pneumovirus infection. We will examine clinical and experimental data concerning the various pro-apoptotic stimuli and the roles of apoptotic epithelial and innate immune cells during pneumovirus disease. Finally, we will discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting apoptosis in the lungs.
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Li L, Wu W, Huang W, Hu G, Yuan W, Li W. NF-κB RNAi decreases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis in human alveolar epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:387-97. [PMID: 23334076 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) plays a key role in acute lung injury (ALI). Understanding the underlying mechanism is conducive to the treatment of ALI. The goal of this study was to determine the possible involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 and Bax/Bcl-2 in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis in AECs. METHODS Type II AECs, A549, with or without NF-κB/p65 expression silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) were challenged with TNF-α. The levels of NF-κB/p65, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunocytochemical staining. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS TNF-α challenge significantly increased the transcription and translation of NF-κB/p65 and Bax genes, but significantly decreased the Bcl-2 gene level. siRNA silencing of NF-κB/p65 reversed the effect of TNF-α on NF-κB/p65, Bcl-2 and Bax, and significantly decreased the TNF-α-induced apoptosis rate of AECs, as compared to the non-silenced cells. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that NF-κB plays an important role in the process of TNF-α-induced apoptosis in AECs, via regulation of the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510010 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Chintagari NR, Liu L. GABA receptor ameliorates ventilator-induced lung injury in rats by improving alveolar fluid clearance. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R55. [PMID: 22480160 PMCID: PMC3681384 DOI: 10.1186/cc11298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mechanical ventilators are increasingly used in critical care units. However, they can cause lung injury, including pulmonary edema. Our previous studies indicated that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are involved in alveolar-fluid homeostasis. The present study investigated the role of GABA receptors in ventilator-induced lung injury. Methods Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to high-tidal-volume ventilation of 40 ml/kg body weight for 1 hour, and lung injuries were assessed. Results High-tidal-volume ventilation resulted in lung injury, as indicated by an increase in total protein in bronchoalveolar fluid, wet-to-dry ratio (indication of pulmonary edema), and Evans Blue dye extravasation (indication of vascular damage). Intratracheal administration of GABA before ventilation significantly reduced the wet-to-dry ratio. Further, histopathologic analysis indicated that GABA reduced ventilator-induced lung injury and apoptosis. GABA-mediated reduction was effectively blocked by the GABAA-receptor antagonist, bicuculline. The GABA-mediated effect was not due to the vascular damage, because no differences in Evans Blue dye extravasation were noted. However, the decrease in alveolar fluid clearance by high-tidal-volume ventilation was partly prevented by GABA, which was blocked by bicuculline. Conclusions These results suggest that GABA reduces pulmonary edema induced by high-tidal-volume ventilation via its effects on alveolar fluid clearance and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendranath Reddy Chintagari
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Ballinger MN, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Bhan U, Horowitz JC, Moore BB, Pinsky DJ, Flavell RA, Standiford TJ. TLR signaling prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury by protecting the alveolar epithelium from oxidant-mediated death. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:356-64. [PMID: 22661086 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation using high oxygen tensions is often necessary to treat patients with respiratory failure. Recently, TLRs were identified as regulators of noninfectious oxidative lung injury. IRAK-M is an inhibitor of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling. Exposure of mice deficient in IRAK-M (IRAK-M(-/-)) to 95% oxygen resulted in reduced mortality compared with wild-type mice and occurred in association with decreased alveolar permeability and cell death. Using a bone marrow chimera model, we determined that IRAK-M's effects were mediated by structural cells rather than bone marrow-derived cells. We confirmed the expression of IRAK-M in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and showed that hyperoxia can induce the expression of this protein. In addition, IRAK-M(-/-) AECs exposed to hyperoxia experienced a decrease in cell death. IRAK-M may potentiate hyperoxic injury by suppression of key antioxidant pathways, because lungs and AECs isolated from IRAK-M(-/-) mice have increased expression/activity of heme oxygenase-1, a phase II antioxidant, and NF (erythroid-derived)-related factor-2, a transcription factor that initiates antioxidant generation. Treatment of IRAK-M(-/-) mice in vivo and IRAK-M(-/-) AECs in vitro with the heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin, substantially decreased survival and significantly reduced the number of live cells after hyperoxia exposure. Collectively, our data suggest that IRAK-M inhibits the induction of antioxidants essential for protecting the lungs against cell death, resulting in enhanced susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Aziz M, Matsuda A, Yang WL, Jacob A, Wang P. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 attenuates neutrophil infiltration in acute lung injury via modulation of CXCR2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:393-402. [PMID: 22634615 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil infiltration to the lungs is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI). Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8) was originally identified for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Subsequent studies revealed its diverse cellular functions. However, whether MFG-E8 can regulate neutrophil function to alleviate inflammation is unknown. We therefore aimed to reveal MFG-E8 roles in regulating lung neutrophil infiltration during ALI. To induce ALI, C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and Mfge8(-/-) mice were intratracheally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg). Lung tissue damage was assessed by histology, and the neutrophils were counted by a hemacytometer. Apoptotic cells in lungs were determined by TUNEL, whereas caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase activities were assessed spectrophotometrically. CXCR2 and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expressions in neutrophils were measured by flow cytometry. Following LPS challenge, Mfge8(-/-) mice exhibited extensive lung damage due to exaggerated infiltration of neutrophils and production of TNF-α, MIP-2, and myeloperoxidase. An increased number of apoptotic cells was trapped into the lungs of Mfge8(-/-) mice compared with WT mice, which may be due to insufficient phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or increased occurrence of apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3. In vitro studies using MIP-2-mediated chemotaxis revealed higher migration of neutrophils of Mfge8(-/-) mice than those of WT mice via increased surface exposures to CXCR2. Administration of recombinant murine MFG-E8 reduces neutrophil migration through upregulation of GRK2 and downregulation of surface CXCR2 expression. Conversely, these effects could be blocked by anti-α(v) integrin Abs. These studies clearly indicate the importance of MFG-E8 in ameliorating neutrophil infiltration and suggest MFG-E8 as a novel therapeutic potential for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Han F, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Xu D, Jin F, Li Z. Seawater induces apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells via the Fas/FasL-mediated pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 182:71-80. [PMID: 22609371 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that seawater can cause lung tissue cell apoptosis; in the present study, the immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis results demonstrated that Fas, FasL, and cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 were up-regulated in the rat lungs exposed to seawater. We found that seawater-induced human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cell apoptosis was concentration and time dependent. Moreover, seawater increased the expression of Fas, FasL, and cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 in A549 cells. The incubation of A549 cells in the presence of FasL-neutralising antibody (NOK-2) or caspase-8 inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK) resulted in a decrease of seawater-induced cell apoptosis. NOK-2 inhibited Fas/FasL interaction and reduced the cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3, and Z-IETD-FMK blocked caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Seawater similarly produced a significant increase in rat alveolar type II cell apoptosis and expression of Fas and cleaved caspase-8. In summary, the Fas/FasL pathway involved in alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis could be important in the pathogenesis of seawater-induced acute lung injury (SW-ALI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
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Pretreatment with anti-flagellin serum delays acute lung injury in rats with sepsis. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:837-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Ishizaki S, Kasuya Y, Kuroda F, Tanaka K, Tsuyusaki J, Yamauchi K, Matsunaga H, Iwamura C, Nakayama T, Tatsumi K. Role of CD69 in acute lung injury. Life Sci 2012; 90:657-65. [PMID: 22483694 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS CD69 is an early activation marker in lymphocytes and an important signal transmitter in inflammatory processes. However, its role in acute lung injury (ALI) is still unknown. We used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of ALI to study the role of macrophage-surface CD69 in this condition. MAIN METHODS We investigated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell subpopulations, myeloperoxidase levels in lung homogenates, lung pathology, and lung oedema in CD69-deficient (CD69(-/-)) mice 24h after LPS instillation. We also determined cytokine/chemokine expression levels in BALF and macrophage culture supernatant from CD69(-/-) and wild type (WT) mice. Also, we investigated CD69, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 localization in the lungs after LPS administration. Furthermore, we examined the effect of anti-CD69 antibody on LPS-induced cytokine/chemokine release from cultured macrophages. KEY FINDINGS Our study shows that intratracheal instillation of LPS-induced neutrophilic infiltration, histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase positivity, and oedema in the lung to a lower degree in CD69(-/-) mice than in WT mice. The immunoreactivities for CD69, KC and MIP2 were induced in the lung of WT mice instilled with LPS and were predominantly localized to the macrophages. Moreover, the cytokine/chemokine expression profile between the two genotypes of cultured macrophages in response to LPS was similar to that observed in the BALF. In addition, anti-CD69 antibody inhibited the LPS-induced cytokine/chemokine expression. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that CD69 on macrophages plays a crucial role in the progression of LPS-induced ALI and may be a potentially useful target in the therapy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ishizaki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Saffarzadeh M, Juenemann C, Queisser MA, Lochnit G, Barreto G, Galuska SP, Lohmeyer J, Preissner KT. Neutrophil extracellular traps directly induce epithelial and endothelial cell death: a predominant role of histones. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32366. [PMID: 22389696 PMCID: PMC3289648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 934] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an important role in innate immunity by defending the host organism against invading microorganisms. Antimicrobial activity of neutrophils is mediated by release of antimicrobial peptides, phagocytosis as well as formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). These structures are composed of DNA, histones and granular proteins such as neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase. This study focused on the influence of NET on the host cell functions, particularly on human alveolar epithelial cells as the major cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung. Upon direct interaction with epithelial and endothelial cells, NET induced cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner, and digestion of DNA in NET did not change NET-mediated cytotoxicity. Pre-incubation of NET with antibodies against histones, with polysialic acid or with myeloperoxidase inhibitor but not with elastase inhibitor reduced NET-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting that histones and myeloperoxidase are responsible for NET-mediated cytotoxicity. Although activated protein C (APC) did decrease the histone-induced cytotoxicity in a purified system, it did not change NET-induced cytotoxicity, indicating that histone-dependent cytotoxicity of NET is protected against APC degradation. Moreover, in LPS-induced acute lung injury mouse model, NET formation was documented in the lung tissue as well as in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These data reveal the important role of protein components in NET, particularly histones, which may lead to host cell cytotoxicity and may be involved in lung tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saffarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Juenemann
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus A. Queisser
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guenter Lochnit
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juergen Lohmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Preissner
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Association of prehospitalization aspirin therapy and acute lung injury: results of a multicenter international observational study of at-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2393-400. [PMID: 21725238 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318225757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prehospitalization aspirin therapy and incident acute lung injury in a heterogeneous cohort of at-risk medical patients. DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter international cohort investigation. SETTING Multicenter observational study including 20 US hospitals and two hospitals in Turkey. PATIENTS Consecutive, adult, nonsurgical patients admitted to the hospital with at least one major risk factor for acute lung injury. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Baseline characteristics and acute lung injury risk factors/modifiers were identified. The presence of aspirin therapy and the propensity to receive this therapy were determined. The primary outcome was acute lung injury during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit and hospital mortality and intensive care unit and hospital length of stay. Twenty-two hospitals enrolled 3855 at-risk patients over a 6-month period. Nine hundred seventy-six (25.3%) were receiving aspirin at the time of hospitalization. Two hundred forty (6.2%) patients developed acute lung injury. Univariate analysis noted a reduced incidence of acute lung injury in those receiving aspirin therapy (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.90; p = .010). This association was attenuated in a stratified analysis based on deciles of aspirin propensity scores (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel pooled OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.48-1.03; p = .072). CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for the propensity to receive aspirin therapy, no statistically significant associations between prehospitalization aspirin therapy and acute lung injury were identified; however, a prospective clinical trial to further evaluate this association appears warranted.
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Zeckey C, Andruszkow H, Neunaber C, Frink M, Schirmer B, Mommsen P, Barkhausen T, Krettek C, Hildebrand F. Protective effects of finasteride on the pulmonary immune response in a combined model of trauma-hemorrhage and polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Cytokine 2011; 56:305-11. [PMID: 21767963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Literature supports findings about a gender specific outcome following multiple trauma. Male sex hormones such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exert deleterious effects on the posttraumatic immune response whereas increased estradiol concentrations are correlated with improved outcome. Pretreatment with the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride resulted in an improved outcome following trauma-hemorrhage (TH) in mice. The present study tested the hypothesis that finasteride exerts beneficial effects on the posttraumatic immune response also in a combined setting of TH and sepsis when administered during the resuscitation process. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male C57BL/6N-mice were subjected to TH (blood pressure, 35 mm Hg, 60 min) followed by finasteride application and fluid resuscitation. Thereafter, finasteride was administered every 12h. 24h after TH, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation was performed. Plasma cytokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6), productive capacity by alveolar macrophages (AM) and systemic estradiol levels were determined 4 h thereafter. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in lung tissue was evaluated by PCR. Pulmonary infiltration of PMN was determined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Finasteride treatment resulted in a reduced posttraumatic cytokine secretion of AM as well as in a decreased concentration of MCP-1 and MIP-1β in lung tissue. Systemic estradiol levels were increased following finasteride treatment. CONCLUSION Finasteride mediates salutary effects on the pulmonary immune response using a therapeutical approach following TH-CLP in mice. Thus, finasteride might represent a relevant therapeutic substance following major trauma also in the clinical setting.
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Lipke AB, Matute-Bello G, Herrero R, Wong VA, Mongovin SM, Martin TR. Death receptors mediate the adverse effects of febrile-range hyperthermia on the outcome of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L60-70. [PMID: 21515659 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00314.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that febrile-range hyperthermia enhances lung injury and mortality in mice exposed to inhaled LPS and is associated with increased TNF-α receptor activity, suppression of NF-κB activity in vitro, and increased apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in vivo. We hypothesized that hyperthermia enhances lung injury and mortality in vivo by a mechanism dependent on TNF receptor signaling. To test this, we exposed mice lacking the TNF-receptor family members TNFR1/R2 or Fas (TNFR1/R2(-/-) and lpr) to inhaled LPS with or without febrile-range hyperthermia. For comparison, we studied mice lacking IL-1 receptor activity (IL-1R(-/-)) to determine the role of inflammation on the effect of hyperthermia in vivo. TNFR1/R2(-/-) and lpr mice were protected from augmented alveolar permeability and mortality associated with hyperthermia, whereas IL-1R(-/-) mice were susceptible to augmented alveolar permeability but protected from mortality associated with hyperthermia. Hyperthermia decreased pulmonary concentrations of TNF-α and keratinocyte-derived chemokine after LPS in C57BL/6 mice and did not affect pulmonary inflammation but enhanced circulating markers of oxidative injury and nitric oxide metabolites. The data suggest that hyperthermia enhances lung injury by a mechanism that requires death receptor activity and is not directly associated with changes in inflammation mediated by hyperthermia. In addition, hyperthermia appears to enhance mortality by generating a systemic inflammatory response and not by a mechanism directly associated with respiratory failure. Finally, we observed that exposure to febrile-range hyperthermia converts a modest, survivable model of lung injury into a fatal syndrome associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress, similar to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Lipke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Puget Sound Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA.
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Glavan BJ, Holden TD, Goss CH, Black RA, Neff MJ, Nathens AB, Martin TR, Wurfel MM. Genetic variation in the FAS gene and associations with acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:356-63. [PMID: 20813889 PMCID: PMC3056231 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201003-0351oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Fas (CD95) modulates apoptosis and inflammation and is believed to play an important role in lung injury. OBJECTIVES To determine if common genetic variation in FAS is associated with acute lung injury (ALI) susceptibility, risk of death, and FAS gene expression. METHODS We genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPS) in FAS in samples from healthy white volunteers (control subjects, n = 294) and patients with ALI (cases, n = 324) from the ARDSnet Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT). FAS genotypes associated with ALI in the discovery study were confirmed in a nested case-control validation study of critically ill patients at risk for ALI (n = 657). We also tested for associations between selected tagSNPS and FAS mRNA levels in whole blood from healthy control subjects exposed to media alone or LPS ex vivo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified associations between four tagSNPs in FAS (FAS(-11341A>T) [rs17447140], FAS(9325G>A) [rs2147420], FAS(21541C>T) [rs2234978], and FAS(24484A>T) [rs1051070]) and ALI case status. Haplotype-based analyses suggested that three of the tagSNPs (FAS(9325G>A), FAS(21541C>T), and FAS(24484A>T)) function as a unit. The association with this haplotype and ALI was validated in a nested case-control study of at-risk subjects (P = 0.05). This haplotype was also associated with increased FAS mRNA levels in response to LPS stimulation. There was no association between FAS polymorphisms and risk of death among ALI cases. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants in FAS are associated with ALI susceptibility. This is the first genetic evidence supporting a role for FAS in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford J Glavan
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Erythropoetin as a novel agent with pleiotropic effects against acute lung injury. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 67:1-9. [PMID: 21069520 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-010-0938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current pharmacotherapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not optimal, and the biological and physiological complexity of these severe lung injury syndromes requires consideration of combined-agent treatments or agents with pleiotropic action. In this regard, exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) represents a possible candidate since a number of preclinical studies have revealed beneficial effects of EPO administration in various experimental models of ALI. Taken together, this treatment strategy is not a single mediator approach, but it rather provides protection by modulating multiple levels of early signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and peroxidation, potentially restoring overall homeostasis. Furthermore, EPO appears to confer vascular protection by promoting angiogenesis. However, only preliminary studies exist and more experimental and clinical studies are necessary to clarify the efficacy and potentially cytoprotective mechanisms of EPO action. In addition to the attempts to optimize the dose and timing of EPO administration, it would be of great value to minimize any potential toxicity, which is essential for EPO to fulfill its role as a potential candidate for the treatment of ALI in routine clinical practice. The present article reviews recent advances that have elucidated biological and biochemical activities of EPO that may be potentially applicable for ALI/ARDS management.
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