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Huang LC, Chen MH, Chuu CP, Li KY, Hour TC, Yang YH. Plasma biomarkers and their correlation in adult children of parents with Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:977515. [PMID: 36110426 PMCID: PMC9468332 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.977515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Family history (FH) of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with changes in several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals. However, potential changes in plasma biomarkers remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate potential plasma biomarkers and their correlation in cognitively normal adult children (AC) and to compare this data with their AD parents and unrelated non-demented controls (NC). Participants with dementia due to AD, their AC and NC were recruited. Plasma samples were assessed for amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42, Aβ1–40, total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the comparison of this data between the three groups. Spearman rank correlation was used for evaluation of the correlations between Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, and T-tau and P-tau in the AD and AC groups. A total of 99 subjects completed the assessment (30 had AD; 38 were AC group; and 31 were NC). Compared with the NC group, there were significantly higher levels of Aβ1–40, P-tau, and P-tau/T-tau ratio, and lower levels of Aβ1–42 and Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio in the AD and AC groups. The correlation between the level of Aβ1–42 and Aβ1–40 and level of T-tau and P-tau was only observed in the AC but not in the AD group. AC of AD parents demonstrate some indicators of AD like their parents. Disruption to the correlation between Aβ and tau in AD may be a biomarker for the development of AD in AC, which should be examined in a longitudinal cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Bogolepova A, Makhnovich E, Kovalenko E, Osinovskaya N. Potential biomarkers of early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:7-14. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221220917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tan A, Fraser C, Khoo P, Watson S, Ooi K. Statins in Neuro-ophthalmology. Neuroophthalmology 2020; 45:219-237. [PMID: 34366510 PMCID: PMC8312600 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2020.1755872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are effective and well-tolerated hypolipidaemic agents which have been increasingly studied for their pleiotropic immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Statins have potential therapeutic benefit in a range of neuro-ophthalmological conditions but may also induce or exacerbate certain neurological disorders. This literature review examines evidence from clinical and in vitro studies assessing the effects of statins in myasthenia gravis, myopathy, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumour cerebri), migraine, giant cell arteritis, Bell's palsy, ocular ischaemia, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tan
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Fraser
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pauline Khoo
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Ooi
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Doecke JD, Pérez-Grijalba V, Fandos N, Fowler C, Villemagne VL, Masters CL, Pesini P, Sarasa M. Total Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio in plasma predicts amyloid-PET status, independent of clinical AD diagnosis. Neurology 2020; 94:e1580-e1591. [PMID: 32179698 PMCID: PMC7251518 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the plasma total β-amyloid (Aβ) Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio is a reliable predictor of the amyloid-PET status by exploring the association between these 2 variables in a subset of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging cohort. METHODS Taking plasma samples at 3 separate time points, month 18 (n = 176), month 36 (n = 169), and month 54 (n = 135), we assessed the total Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in plasma (TP42/40) with regard to neocortical Aβ burden via PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and investigated both association with Aβ-PET status and correlation (and agreement) with SUVR. RESULTS The TP42/40 plasma ratio was significantly reduced in amyloid-PET-positive participants at all time points (p < 0.0001). Adjusting for covariates age, gender, APOE ε4 allele status, and clinical classification clearly affects the significance, with p values reduced and only comparisons at 54 months retaining significance (p = 0.006). Correlations with SUVR were similar across each time point, with Spearman ρ reaching -0.64 (p < 0.0001). Area under the curve values were highly reproducible over time points, with values ranging from 0.880 at 36 months to 0.913 at 54 months. In assessments of the healthy control group only, the same relationships were found. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates reproducibility of the plasma assay to discriminate between amyloid-PET positive and negative over 3 time points, which can help to substantially reducing the screening rate of failure for clinical trials targeting preclinical or prodromal disease. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that plasma total Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio is associated with neocortical amyloid burden as measured by PET SUVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Doecke
- From the CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre (J.D.D.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; R&D Department (V.P.-G., N.F., P.P., M.S.), Araclon Biotech Ltd, Zaragoza, Spain; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., V.L.V., C.L.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Virginia Pérez-Grijalba
- From the CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre (J.D.D.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; R&D Department (V.P.-G., N.F., P.P., M.S.), Araclon Biotech Ltd, Zaragoza, Spain; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., V.L.V., C.L.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noelia Fandos
- From the CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre (J.D.D.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; R&D Department (V.P.-G., N.F., P.P., M.S.), Araclon Biotech Ltd, Zaragoza, Spain; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., V.L.V., C.L.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Fowler
- From the CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre (J.D.D.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; R&D Department (V.P.-G., N.F., P.P., M.S.), Araclon Biotech Ltd, Zaragoza, Spain; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., V.L.V., C.L.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- From the CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre (J.D.D.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; R&D Department (V.P.-G., N.F., P.P., M.S.), Araclon Biotech Ltd, Zaragoza, Spain; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., V.L.V., C.L.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- From the CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre (J.D.D.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; R&D Department (V.P.-G., N.F., P.P., M.S.), Araclon Biotech Ltd, Zaragoza, Spain; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., V.L.V., C.L.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pedro Pesini
- From the CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre (J.D.D.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; R&D Department (V.P.-G., N.F., P.P., M.S.), Araclon Biotech Ltd, Zaragoza, Spain; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., V.L.V., C.L.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Manuel Sarasa
- From the CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre (J.D.D.), Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; R&D Department (V.P.-G., N.F., P.P., M.S.), Araclon Biotech Ltd, Zaragoza, Spain; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., V.L.V., C.L.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Chatterjee P, Elmi M, Goozee K, Shah T, Sohrabi HR, Dias CB, Pedrini S, Shen K, Asih PR, Dave P, Taddei K, Vanderstichele H, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Martins RN. Ultrasensitive Detection of Plasma Amyloid-β as a Biomarker for Cognitively Normal Elderly Individuals at Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:775-783. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Health and Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mitra Elmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Goozee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Health and Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Disease, Sydney, Macquarie Park, Australia
- Anglicare, Sydney, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Tejal Shah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Health and Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Health and Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cintia B. Dias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve Pedrini
- School of Medical Health and Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kaikai Shen
- Australian eHealth Research Centre, CSIRO, Floreat, Australia
| | - Prita R. Asih
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Preeti Dave
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Anglicare, Sydney, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical research, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical Health and Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Health and Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Disease, Sydney, Macquarie Park, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Risacher SL, Fandos N, Romero J, Sherriff I, Pesini P, Saykin AJ, Apostolova LG. Plasma amyloid beta levels are associated with cerebral amyloid and tau deposition. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:510-519. [PMID: 31384662 PMCID: PMC6661419 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We investigated the relationship of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) with cerebral deposition of Aβ and tau on positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Forty-four participants (18 cognitively normal older adults [CN], 10 mild cognitive impairment, 16 Alzheimer's disease [AD]) underwent amyloid PET and a blood draw. Free and total plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 were assessed using a validated assay. Thirty-seven participants (17 CN, 8 mild cognitive impairment, 12 AD) also underwent a [18F]flortaucipir scan. Scans were preprocessed by standard techniques, and mean global and regional amyloid and tau values were extracted. Free Aβ42/Aβ40 (Aβ F42:F40) and total Aβ42/Aβ40 (Aβ T42:T40) were evaluated for differences by diagnosis and relation to PET Aβ positivity. Relationships between these measures and cerebral Aβ and tau on both regional and voxel-wise basis were also evaluated. Results Lower Aβ T42:T40 was associated with diagnosis and PET Aβ positivity. Lower plasma Aβ T42:T40 ratios predicted cerebral Aβ positivity, both across the full sample and in CN only. Finally, lower plasma Aβ T42:T40 ratios were associated with increased cortical Aβ and tau in AD-related regions on both regional and voxel-wise analyses. Discussion Plasma Aβ measures may be useful biomarkers for predicting cerebral Aβ and tau. Additional studies in larger samples are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abdullah L, Evans JE, Emmerich T, Crynen G, Shackleton B, Keegan AP, Luis C, Tai L, LaDu MJ, Mullan M, Crawford F, Bachmeier C. APOE ε4 specific imbalance of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in serum phospholipids identifies individuals with preclinical Mild Cognitive Impairment/Alzheimer's Disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:964-985. [PMID: 28333036 PMCID: PMC5391242 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on blood phospholipids (PL) in predicting preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipidomic analyses were also performed on blood from an AD mouse model expressing human APOE isoforms (EFAD) and five AD mutations and from 195 cognitively normal participants, 23 of who converted to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/AD within 3 years. APOE ε4-carriers converting to MCI/AD had high arachidonic acid (AA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratios in PL compared to cognitively normal ε4 and non-ε4 carriers. Arachidonic acid and DHA containing PL species, ε4-status and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios provided 91% accuracy in detecting MCI/AD. Fish oil/omega-3 fatty acid consumption was associated with lower AA/DHA ratios even among ε4 carriers. High plasma AA/DHA ratios were observed in E4FAD compared to EFAD mice with other isoforms. In particular, alterations in plasma AA and DHA containing PL species were also observed in the brains of E4FAD mice compared to E3FAD mice. Despite the small sample size and a short follow-up, these results suggest that blood PL could potentially serve as biomarkers of preclinical MCI/AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Tai
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mary J LaDu
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Plasma amyloid β 42/40 ratios as biomarkers for amyloid β cerebral deposition in cognitively normal individuals. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2017; 8:179-187. [PMID: 28948206 PMCID: PMC5602863 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma amyloid β (Aβ) peptides have been previously studied as candidate biomarkers to increase recruitment efficiency in secondary prevention clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Free and total Aβ42/40 plasma ratios (FP42/40 and TP42/40, respectively) were determined using ABtest assays in cognitively normal subjects from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study. This population was followed-up for 72 months and their cortical Aβ burden was assessed with positron emission tomography. RESULTS Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses showed an inverse association of Aβ42/40 plasma ratios and cortical Aβ burden. Optimized as a screening tool, TP42/40 reached 81% positive predictive value of high cortical Aβ burden, which represents 110% increase over the population prevalence of cortical Aβ positivity. DISCUSSION These findings support the use of plasma Aβ42/40 ratios as surrogate biomarkers of cortical Aβ deposition and enrichment tools, reducing the number of subjects submitted to invasive tests and, consequently, recruitment costs in clinical trials targeting cognitively normal individuals.
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Meulenbroek O, O'Dwyer S, de Jong D, van Spijker G, Kennelly S, Cregg F, Olde Rikkert M, Abdullah L, Wallin A, Walsh C, Coen R, Kenny RA, Daly L, Segurado R, Borjesson-Hanson A, Crawford F, Mullan M, Lucca U, Banzi R, Pasquier F, Breuilh L, Riepe M, Kalman J, Molloy W, Tsolaki M, Howard R, Adams J, Gaynor S, Lawlor B. European multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled trial of Nilvadipine in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease-the substudy protocols: NILVAD frailty; NILVAD blood and genetic biomarkers; NILVAD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; NILVAD cerebral blood flow. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011584. [PMID: 27436668 PMCID: PMC4964180 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In conjunction with the NILVAD trial, a European Multicentre Double-Blind Placebo Controlled trial of Nilvadipine in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), there are four NILVAD substudies in which eligible NILVAD patients are also invited to participate. The main NILVAD protocol was previously published in BMJ Open (2014). The objectives of the NILVAD substudies are to determine whether frailty, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood biomarker profile and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) status predict response to Nilvadipine, and to investigate the effect of Nilvadipine on cerebral blood flow and blood biomarkers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS All participants who fulfil criteria for the main NILVAD study are eligible for participation in the NILVAD substudies. Participation is subject to informed consent and whether the substudy is available at a particular NILVAD study site. Each substudy entails extra measurements during the course of the main NILVAD study. For example, in the blood and genetic biomarkers substudy, extra blood (30 mL) will be collected at week 0, week 13, week 52 and week 78, while in the cerebral blood flow substudy, participants will receive an MRI and transcranial Doppler measurements at week 0, week 26 and week 78. In the CSF substudy, 10 mL CSF is collected at week 0 and week 78. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All NILVAD substudies and all subsequent amendments have received ethical approval within each participating country, according to national regulations. Each participant provides written consent to participate. All participants remain anonymised throughout and the results of each substudy will be published in an international peer reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EUDRACT 2012-002764-27; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Meulenbroek
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah O'Dwyer
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daan de Jong
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrita van Spijker
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fiona Cregg
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcel Olde Rikkert
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cathal Walsh
- University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Coen
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leslie Daly
- University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ugo Lucca
- Department of Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” (IRFMN), Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Banzi
- Department of Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” (IRFMN), Milan, Italy
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille (CHRU- LILLE), Lille, France
| | - Laetitia Breuilh
- Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille (CHRU- LILLE), Lille, France
| | | | - Janos Kalman
- Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem (SZEGED), Szeged, Hungary
| | - William Molloy
- Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Shi C, Zhu X, Wang J, Long D. Estrogen receptor α promotes non-amyloidogenic processing of platelet amyloid precursor protein via the MAPK/ERK pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:280-5. [PMID: 25017047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid β peptide (Aβ), a proteolytic product of amyloid precursor protein (APP), in senile plaques and in the walls of cerebral blood vessels is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Platelets contain high levels of APP and Aβ and may contribute to amyloid deposits seen in AD. However, the biochemical mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of platelet APP metabolism are largely unknown. The estrogen receptor α (ERα) is found to be expressed in platelets. It has not been elucidated whether ERα-mediated non-genomic signaling intervenes with platelet APP processing. Using ERα knock-out (α-ERKO) mice and wild type (WT) littermates, the present study demonstrated that ERα-specific agonist propylpyrazole triol (PPT) promoted non-amyloidogenic processing of platelet APP via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. The underlying basis involves direct association of activated ERK with a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 17 (ADAM17, an α-secretase candidate) and ERK-dependent threonine phosphorylation of ADAM17. These results suggest that selective modulation of ERα in peripheral target tissues may serve as an anti-amyloidogenic strategy for AD and other amyloidogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China.
| | - XiaoMing Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Dahong Long
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
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Impaired cortical oscillatory coupling in mild cognitive impairment: anatomical substrate and ApoE4 effects. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1721-37. [PMID: 24682246 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our current knowledge about the anatomical substrate of impaired resting-state cortical oscillatory coupling in mild cognitive impairment is still rudimentary. Here, we show that both resting-state oscillatory coupling and its anatomical correlates clearly distinguish healthy older (HO) adults from individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). aMCI showed failures in neural-phase coupling of resting-state electroencephalographic alpha activity mostly evident between fronto-temporal and parietal regions. As oligomers of amyloid-beta (Aβ) are linked to synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we further investigated whether plasma concentrations of these oligomers (Aβ40 and Aβ42) accounted for impaired patterns of oscillatory coupling in aMCI. Results revealed that decreased plasma Aβ42 was associated with augmented coupling of parieto-temporal regions in HO subjects, but no relationship was found in aMCI. Oscillatory coupling of frontal regions was also significantly reduced in aMCI carriers of the ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) compared to ε4 noncarriers, although neither neuroanatomical nor plasma Aβ changes accounted for this difference. However, the abnormal pattern of oscillatory coupling in aMCI was negatively related to volume of the angular gyrus, and positively related to volume of the precuneus and the splenium of the corpus callosum. Previous evidence suggests that all these regions are neuropathological targets of AD. The current study takes that scenario one step further, suggesting that this anatomical damage could be responsible for disrupted cortical oscillatory coupling in aMCI. Together, these data shed light on how the MCI status modifies anatomo-functional relationships underlying coordination of large-scale cortical systems in the resting-state.
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Sheinerman KS, Tsivinsky VG, Crawford F, Mullan MJ, Abdullah L, Umansky SR. Plasma microRNA biomarkers for detection of mild cognitive impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:590-605. [PMID: 23001356 PMCID: PMC3492224 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early stages of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular and frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's disease, are frequently associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). A minimally invasive screening test for early detection of MCI may be used to select optimal patient groups in clinical trials, to monitor disease progression and response to treatment, and to better plan patient clinical care. Here, we examined the feasibility of using pairs of brain-enriched plasma microRNA (miRNA), at least one of which is enriched in synapses and neurites, as biomarkers that could differentiate patients with MCI from age-matched controls. The identified biomarker pairs fall into two sets: the "miR-132 family" (miR-128/miR-491-5p, miR-132/miR-491-5p and mir-874/miR-491-5p) and the "miR-134 family" (miR-134/miR-370, miR-323-3p/miR-370 and miR-382/miR-370). The area under the Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve for the differentiation of MCI from controls using these biomarker pairs is 0.91-0.95, with sensitivity and specificity at 79%-100% (miR-132 family) and 79%-95% (miR-134 family), and p〈0.001. In a separate longitudinal study, the identified miRNA biomarker pairs successfully detected MCI in majority of patients at asymptomatic stage 1-5 years prior to clinical diagnosis. The reported biomarker pairs also appear useful for detecting age-related brain changes. Further testing in a larger study is necessary for validation of these results.
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Koyama A, Okereke OI, Yang T, Blacker D, Selkoe DJ, Grodstein F. Plasma amyloid-β as a predictor of dementia and cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 2012; 69:824-31. [PMID: 22451159 PMCID: PMC3772635 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical prediction of Alzheimer disease (AD) is important and critical to effective intervention. Plasma levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have been a principal focus of the growing literature on blood-based biomarkers, but studies to date have varied in design, assay methods, and sample size, making it difficult to readily interpret the overall data. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant prospective studies to determine whether plasma amyloid-β levels may predict development of dementia, AD, and cognitive decline. DESIGN We searched prospective studies published between 1995 and 2011 indexed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Selected studies included those measuring at least 1 relevant plasma amyloid-β species (Aβ(40), Aβ(42), or Aβ(42):Aβ(40) ratio) and reporting an effect estimate for dementia, AD, or cognitive change. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using a standardized extraction form, appropriate study parameters on subject information, exposure, and outcome were extracted. Random effects models were used to generate summary risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing the bottom vs top quantiles for each plasma measure. RESULTS Thirteen studies with a total of 10 303 subjects met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Lower Aβ(42):Aβ(40) ratios were significantly associated with development of AD (summary risk ratio, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.04-2.46; P = .03) and dementia (risk ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.02-2.75; P = .04). Significant heterogeneity was found for both summary estimates, which could not be explained by participants' age, sex distribution, the study's follow-up time, or year of publication. Plasma levels of Aβ(40) and Aβ(42) alone were not significantly associated with either outcome. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the literature indicates that plasma Aβ(42):Aβ(40) ratios predict development of AD and dementia. However, significant heterogeneity in the meta-analysis underlines the need for substantial further investigation of plasma amyloid-β levels as a preclinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Koyama
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, USA.
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Luis CA, Abdullah L, Ait-Ghezala G, Mouzon B, Keegan AP, Crawford F, Mullan M. Feasibility of Predicting MCI/AD Using Neuropsychological Tests and Serum β-Amyloid. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:786264. [PMID: 21660215 PMCID: PMC3109876 DOI: 10.4061/2011/786264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the usefulness of brief neuropsychological tests and serum Aβ as a predictive test for detecting MCI/AD in older adults. Serum Aβ levels were measured from 208 subjects who were cognitively normal at enrollment and blood draw. Twenty-eight of the subjects subsequently developed MCI (n = 18) or AD (n = 10) over the follow-up period. Baseline measures of global cognition, memory, language fluency, and serum Aβ(1-42) and the ratio of serum Aβ(1-42)/Aβ(1-40) were significant predictors for future MCI/AD using Cox regression with demographic variables, APOE ε4, vascular risk factors, and specific medication as covariates. An optimal sensitivity of 85.2% and specificity of 86.5% for predicting MCI/AD was achieved using ROC analyses. Brief neuropsychological tests and measurements of Aβ(1-42) obtained via blood warrants further study as a practical and cost effective method for wide-scale screening for identifying older adults who may be at-risk for pathological cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A. Luis
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
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Cummings JL. Biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease drug development. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7:e13-44. [PMID: 21550318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Developing new therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critically important to avoid the impending public health disaster imposed by this common disorder. Means must be found to prevent, delay the onset, or slow the progression of AD. These goals will be achieved by identifying disease-modifying therapies and testing them in clinical trials. Biomarkers play an increasingly important role in AD drug development. In preclinical testing, they assist in decisions to develop an agent. Biomarkers in phase I provide insights into toxic responses and drug metabolism and in Phase II proof-of-concept trials they facilitate go/no-go decisions and dose finding. Biomarkers can play a role in identifying presymptomatic patients or specific patient subgroups. They can provide evidence of target engagement before clinical changes can be expected. Brain imaging can serve as a primary outcome in Phase II trials and as a key secondary outcome in Phase III trials. Magnetic resonance imaging is currently best positioned for use in large multicenter clinical trials. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of amyloid beta protein (Aβ), tau protein, and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein are sensitive and specific to the diagnosis of AD and may serve as inclusion criteria and possibly as outcomes in clinical trials targeting relevant pathways. Plasma measures of Aβ are of limited diagnostic value but may provide important information as a measure of treatment response. A wide variety of measures of detectable products of cellular processes are being developed as possible biomarkers accessible in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma or serum. Surrogate markers that can function as outcomes in pivotal trials and reliably predict clinical outcomes are needed to facilitate primary prevention trials of asymptomatic persons where clinical measures may be of limited value. Fit-for-purpose biomarkers are increasingly available to guide AD drug development decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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