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Zheleznyak A, Tang R, Duncan K, Manion B, Liang K, Xu B, Vanover A, Ghai A, Prior J, Lees S, Achilefu S, Kelly K, Shokeen M. Development of New CD38 Targeted Peptides for Cancer Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:738-752. [PMID: 38480650 PMCID: PMC11282151 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) affects over 35,000 patients each year in the US. There remains a need for versatile Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers for the detection, accurate staging, and monitoring of treatment response of MM that have optimal specificity and translational attributes. CD38 is uniformly overexpressed in MM and thus represents an ideal target to develop CD38-targeted small molecule PET radiopharmaceuticals to address these challenges. PROCEDURES Using phage display peptide libraries and pioneering algorithms, we identified novel CD38 specific peptides. Imaging bioconjugates were synthesized using solid phase peptide chemistry, and systematically analyzed in vitro and in vivo in relevant MM systems. RESULTS The CD38-targeted bioconjugates were radiolabeled with copper-64 (64Cu) with100% radiochemical purity and an average specific activity of 3.3 - 6.6 MBq/nmol. The analog NODAGA-PEG4-SL022-GGS (SL022: Thr-His-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Ile) had a Kd of 7.55 ± 0.291 nM and was chosen as the lead candidate. 64Cu-NODAGA-PEG4-SL022-GGS demonstrated high binding affinity to CD38 expressing human myeloma MM.1S-CBR-GFP-WT cells, which was blocked by the non-radiolabeled version of the peptide analog and anti-CD38 clinical antibodies, daratumumab and isatuximab, by 58%, 73%, and 78%, respectively. The CD38 positive MM.1S-CBR-GFP-WT cells had > 68% enhanced cellular binding when compared to MM.1S-CBR-GFP-KO cells devoid of CD38. Furthermore, our new CD38-targeted radiopharmaceutical allowed visualization of tumors located in marrow rich bones, remaining there for up to 4 h. Clearance from non-target organs occurred within 60 min. Quantitative PET data from a murine disseminated tumor model showed significantly higher accumulation in the bones of tumor-bearing animals compared to tumor-naïve animals (SUVmax 2.06 ± 0.4 versus 1.24 ± 0.4, P = 0.02). Independently, tumor uptake of the target compound was significantly higher (P = 0.003) compared to the scrambled peptide, 64Cu-NODAGA-PEG4-SL041-GGS (SL041: Thr-Tyr-His-Ile-Pro-Ile-Val). The subcutaneous MM model demonstrated significantly higher accumulation in tumors compared to muscle at 1 and 4 h after tracer administration (SUVmax 0.8 ± 0.2 and 0.14 ± 0.04, P = 0.04 at 1 h; SUVmax 0.89 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.01, P = 0.0002 at 4 h). CONCLUSIONS The novel CD38-targeted, radiolabeled bioconjugates were specific and allowed visualization of MM, providing a starting point for the clinical translation of such tracers for the detection of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zheleznyak
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen Duncan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brad Manion
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kexian Liang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Baogang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexander Vanover
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anchal Ghai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Julie Prior
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Stephen Lees
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kimberly Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Gargiulo E, Ribeiro EFO, Niemann CU. SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | Infections in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients: Risks and Management. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:322-332. [PMID: 36868914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy characterized by accumulation of tumor cells in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes and secondary lymphoid tissues, the hallmark of the disease and the major cause of death for patients with CLL is actually immune dysfunction and associated infections. Despite improvement in treatment based on combination chemoimmunotherapy and targeted treatment with BTK and BCL-2 inhibitors leading to longer overall survival for patients with CLL, the mortality due to infections have not improved over the last 4 decades. Thus, infections are now the main cause of death for patients with CLL, posing threats to the patient whether during the premalignant state of monoclonal B lymphocytosis (MBL), during the watch & wait phase for treatment naïve patients, or upon treatment in terms of chemoimmunotherapy or targeted treatment. To test whether the natural history of immune dysfunction and infections in CLL can be changed, we have developed the machine learning based algorithm CLL-TIM.org to identify these patients. The CLL-TIM algorithm is currently being used for selection of patients for the clinical trial PreVent-ACaLL (NCT03868722), testing whether short-term treatment with the BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib and the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax can improve immune function and decrease the risk of infections for this high-risk patient population. We here review the background for and management of infectious risks in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gargiulo
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; PERSIMUNE, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Carsten U Niemann
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Santa Lúcia Sul, Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Gao L, Du X, Li J, Qin FXF. Evolving roles of CD38 metabolism in solid tumour microenvironment. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:492-504. [PMID: 36396822 PMCID: PMC9938187 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that plenty of clinical findings and reviews have already explained in detail on the progression of CD38 in multiple myeloma and haematological system tumours, here we no longer give unnecessary discussion on the above progression. Though therapeutic antibodies have been regarded as a greatest breakthrough in multiple myeloma immunotherapies due to the durable anti-tumour responses in the clinic, but the role of CD38 in the immunologic regulation and evasion of non-hematopoietic solid tumours are just initiated and controversial. Therefore, we will focus on the bio-function of CD38 enzymatic substrates or metabolites in the variety of non-hematopoietic malignancies and the potential therapeutic value of targeting the CD38-NAD+ or CD38-cADPR/ADPR signal axis. Though limited, we review some ongoing researches and clinical trials on therapeutic approaches in solid tumour as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China.
| | - F Xiao-Feng Qin
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, 215123, Suzhou, China.
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Magalhães-Gama F, Alves-Hanna FS, Araújo ND, Barros MS, Silva FS, Catão CLS, Moraes JS, Freitas IC, Tarragô AM, Malheiro A, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Costa AG. The Yin-Yang of myeloid cells in the leukemic microenvironment: Immunological role and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1071188. [PMID: 36532078 PMCID: PMC9751477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukemic microenvironment has a high diversity of immune cells that are phenotypically and functionally distinct. However, our understanding of the biology, immunology, and clinical implications underlying these cells remains poorly investigated. Among the resident immune cells that can infiltrate the leukemic microenvironment are myeloid cells, which correspond to a heterogeneous cell group of the innate immune system. They encompass populations of neutrophils, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells can be abundant in different tissues and, in the leukemic microenvironment, are associated with the clinical outcome of the patient, acting dichotomously to contribute to leukemic progression or stimulate antitumor immune responses. In this review, we detail the current evidence and the many mechanisms that indicate that the activation of different myeloid cell populations may contribute to immunosuppression, survival, or metastatic dissemination, as well as in immunosurveillance and stimulation of specific cytotoxic responses. Furthermore, we broadly discuss the interactions of tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages (TANs and TAMs, respectively) and MDSCs in the leukemic microenvironment. Finally, we provide new perspectives on the potential of myeloid cell subpopulations as predictive biomarkers of therapeutical response, as well as potential targets in the chemoimmunotherapy of leukemias due to their dual Yin-Yang roles in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Magalhães-Gama
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Alves-Hanna
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Dias Araújo
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mateus Souza Barros
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Flavio Souza Silva
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Claudio Lucas Santos Catão
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Júlia Santos Moraes
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Izabela Cabral Freitas
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
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Targeting CD38 in Neoplasms and Non-Cancer Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174169. [PMID: 36077708 PMCID: PMC9454480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CD38 remains an interesting target for anticancer therapy. Its relatively high abundance in neoplasms and crucial impact on NAD+/cADPR metabolism and the activity of T cells allows for changing the immune response in autoimmune diseases, neoplasms, and finally the induction of cell death. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity is responsible for cell death induced by targeting the tumor with anti-CD38 antibodies, such as daratumumab. A wide range of laboratory experiments and clinical trials show an especially promising role of anti-CD38 therapy against multiple myeloma, NK cell lymphomas, and CD19- B-cell malignancies. More studies are required to include more diseases in the therapeutic protocols involving the modulation of CD38 activity. Abstract CD38 is a myeloid antigen present both on the cell membrane and in the intracellular compartment of the cell. Its occurrence is often enhanced in cancer cells, thus making it a potential target in anticancer therapy. Daratumumab and isatuximab already received FDA approval, and novel agents such as MOR202, TAK079 and TNB-738 undergo clinical trials. Also, novel therapeutics such as SAR442085 aim to outrank the older antibodies against CD38. Multiple myeloma and immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis may be effectively treated with anti-CD38 immunotherapy. Its role in other hematological malignancies is also important concerning both diagnostic process and potential treatment in the future. Aside from the hematological malignancies, CD38 remains a potential target in gastrointestinal, neurological and pulmonary system disorders. Due to the strong interaction of CD38 with TCR and CD16 on T cells, it may also serve as the biomarker in transplant rejection in renal transplant patients. Besides, CD38 finds its role outside oncology in systemic lupus erythematosus and collagen-induced arthritis. CD38 plays an important role in viral infections, including AIDS and COVID-19. Most of the undergoing clinical trials focus on the use of anti-CD38 antibodies in the therapy of multiple myeloma, CD19- B-cell malignancies, and NK cell lymphomas. This review focuses on targeting CD38 in cancer and non-cancerous diseases using antibodies, cell-based therapies and CD38 inhibitors. We also provide a summary of current clinical trials targeting CD38.
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Paulus A, Malavasi F, Chanan-Khan A. CD38 as a multifaceted immunotherapeutic target in CLL. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:2265-2275. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2090551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneel Paulus
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette ONLUS, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Asher Chanan-Khan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Zhang Y, Li W, Ma K, Zhai J, Jin Y, Zhang L, Chen C. Elevated CD38 expression characterizes impaired CD8+ T cell immune response in metastatic pleural effusions. Immunol Lett 2022; 245:61-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zeidler JD, Hogan KA, Agorrody G, Peclat TR, Kashyap S, Kanamori KS, Gomez LS, Mazdeh DZ, Warner GM, Thompson KL, Chini CCS, Chini EN. The CD38 glycohydrolase and the NAD sink: implications for pathological conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C521-C545. [PMID: 35138178 PMCID: PMC8917930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00451.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) acts as a cofactor in several oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and is a substrate for a number of nonredox enzymes. NAD is fundamental to a variety of cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell signaling, and epigenetics. NAD homeostasis appears to be of paramount importance to health span and longevity, and its dysregulation is associated with multiple diseases. NAD metabolism is dynamic and maintained by synthesis and degradation. The enzyme CD38, one of the main NAD-consuming enzymes, is a key component of NAD homeostasis. The majority of CD38 is localized in the plasma membrane with its catalytic domain facing the extracellular environment, likely for the purpose of controlling systemic levels of NAD. Several cell types express CD38, but its expression predominates on endothelial cells and immune cells capable of infiltrating organs and tissues. Here we review potential roles of CD38 in health and disease and postulate ways in which CD38 dysregulation causes changes in NAD homeostasis and contributes to the pathophysiology of multiple conditions. Indeed, in animal models the development of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, fibrosis, metabolic diseases, and age-associated diseases including cancer, heart disease, and neurodegeneration are associated with altered CD38 enzymatic activity. Many of these conditions are modified in CD38-deficient mice or by blocking CD38 NADase activity. In diseases in which CD38 appears to play a role, CD38-dependent NAD decline is often a common denominator of pathophysiology. Thus, understanding dysregulation of NAD homeostasis by CD38 may open new avenues for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D Zeidler
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kelly A Hogan
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Guillermo Agorrody
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Thais R Peclat
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Karina S Kanamori
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilian Sales Gomez
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Delaram Z Mazdeh
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gina M Warner
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katie L Thompson
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Domagala M, Ysebaert L, Ligat L, Lopez F, Fournié JJ, Laurent C, Poupot M. IL-10 Rescues CLL Survival through Repolarization of Inflammatory Nurse-like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010016. [PMID: 35008174 PMCID: PMC8750769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In in vitro co-cultures of CLL cells and nurse-like cells (NLC), protection against apoptosis is only provided by M2-like NLC, and not M1-like NLC. In this study, we propose that fine-tuning of NLC polarization (and therefore survival of leukemic cells) is dictated by a balance between IL-10 and TNF. Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are also called nurse-like cells (NLC), and confer survival signals through the release of soluble factors and cellular contacts. While in most patient samples the presence of NLC in co-cultures guarantees high viability of leukemic cells in vitro, in some cases this protective effect is absent. These macrophages are characterized by an “M1-like phenotype”. We show here that their reprogramming towards an M2-like phenotype (tumor-supportive) with IL-10 leads to an increase in leukemic cell survival. Inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, are also able to depolarize M2-type protective NLC (decreasing CLL cell viability), an effect which is countered by IL-10 or blocking antibodies. Interestingly, both IL-10 and TNF are implied in the pathophysiology of CLL and their elevated level is associated with bad prognosis. We propose that the molecular balance between these two cytokines in CLL niches plays an important role in the maintenance of the protective phenotype of NLCs, and therefore in the survival of CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Domagala
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (J.-J.F.); (C.L.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (J.-J.F.); (C.L.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
- IUCT-O, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (J.-J.F.); (C.L.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lopez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (J.-J.F.); (C.L.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (J.-J.F.); (C.L.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (J.-J.F.); (C.L.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
- IUCT-O, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (M.D.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (J.-J.F.); (C.L.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-582741662
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10
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. Nicotinamide Riboside for the Prevention and Treatment of Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy. Opportunities and Prospects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103435. [PMID: 34684434 PMCID: PMC8538727 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in the development of new anticancer strategies, cancer is rapidly spreading around the world and remains one of the most common diseases. For more than 40 years, doxorubicin has been widely used in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. At the same time, the problem of its cardiotoxicity remains unresolved, despite the high efficiency of this drug. Symptomatic therapy is used as a treatment for side-effects of doxorubicin or pathological conditions that have already appeared in their background. To date, there are no treatment methods for doxorubicin cardiomyopathy as such. A drug such as nicotinamide riboside can play an important role in solving this problem. Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine nucleoside similar to vitamin B3 that acts as a precursor to NAD+. There is no published research on nicotinamide riboside effects on cardiomyopathy, despite the abundance of works devoted to the mechanisms of its effects in various pathologies. The review analyzes information about the effects of nicotinamide riboside on various experimental models of pathologies, its role in the synthesis of NAD+, and also considers the possibility and prospects of its use for the prevention of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.
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11
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Panaampon J, Kariya R, Okada S. Efficacy and mechanism of the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody Daratumumab against primary effusion lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1017-1031. [PMID: 34545416 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare, aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the body cavities with malignant effusions. The prognosis is poor, and no optimal treatment has been established. CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein known to overexpress in multiple myeloma (MM). Daratumumab (DARA), a human CD38-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb), is approved for MM treatment. In this study, we found expression of CD38 on PEL cells and assessed the anti-PEL activity of DARA. We found that both KHYG-1 and N6 (CD16-transfected KHYG-1) NK cell lines showed direct killing activity against PEL cells with induction of CD107a, and NK-mediated cytotoxicity by N6NK (CD16+) cells increased with DARA treatment. We confirmed direct NK activity and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) by expanded NK cells, indicating that DARA has high ADCC activity. We elucidated the antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP) by using human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages. DARA also showed potent complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC) toward PEL. DARA also induced PEL cell death in the presence of a cross-linking antibody. Moreover, treatment with DARA inhibited tumor growth in a PEL xenograft mouse model. These results provide preclinical evidence that Ab targeting of CD38 could be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutatip Panaampon
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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12
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Alsagaby SA, Brewis IA, Vijayakumar R, Alhumaydhi FA, Alwashmi AS, Alharbi NK, Al Abdulmonem W, Premanathan M, Pratt G, Fegan C, Pepper C, Brennan P. Proteomics-based identification of cancer-associated proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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13
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Park JH, Nakamura Y, Li W, Hamanaka G, Arai K, Lo EH, Hayakawa K. Effects of O-GlcNAcylation on functional mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1523-1535. [PMID: 33153373 PMCID: PMC8221762 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20969588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria may be transferred from cell to cell in the central nervous system and this process may help defend neurons against injury and disease. But how mitochondria maintain their functionality during the process of release into extracellular space remains unknown. Here, we report that mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation is a critical process to support extracellular mitochondrial functionality. Activation of CD38-cADPR signaling in astrocytes robustly induced protein O-GlcNAcylation in mitochondria, while oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation showed transient and mild protein modification. Blocking the endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi trafficking with Brefeldin A or slc35B4 siRNA reduced O-GlcNAcylation, and resulted in the secretion of mitochondria with decreased membrane potential and mtDNA. Finally, loss-of-function studies verified that O-GlcNAc-modified mitochondria demonstrated higher levels of neuroprotection after astrocyte-to-neuron mitochondrial transfer. Collectively, these findings suggest that post-translational modification by O-GlcNAc may be required for supporting the functionality and neuroprotective properties of mitochondria released from astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Park
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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14
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Brown JR, Terrón F, Muñoz-Calleja C. Of Lymph Nodes and CLL Cells: Deciphering the Role of CCR7 in the Pathogenesis of CLL and Understanding Its Potential as Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662866. [PMID: 33841445 PMCID: PMC8024566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is an essential tissue for achieving effective immune responses but it is also critical in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Within the multitude of signaling pathways aberrantly regulated in CLL the homeostatic axis composed by the chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands is the main driver for directing immune cells to home into the LN. In this literature review, we address the roles of CCR7 in the pathophysiology of CLL, and how this chemokine receptor is of critical importance to develop more rational and effective therapies for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fernando Terrón
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD + metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 22:119-141. [PMID: 33353981 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. NAD+ can directly and indirectly influence many key cellular functions, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodelling, cellular senescence and immune cell function. These cellular processes and functions are critical for maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis and for healthy ageing. Remarkably, ageing is accompanied by a gradual decline in tissue and cellular NAD+ levels in multiple model organisms, including rodents and humans. This decline in NAD+ levels is linked causally to numerous ageing-associated diseases, including cognitive decline, cancer, metabolic disease, sarcopenia and frailty. Many of these ageing-associated diseases can be slowed down and even reversed by restoring NAD+ levels. Therefore, targeting NAD+ metabolism has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate ageing-related disease, and extend the human healthspan and lifespan. However, much remains to be learnt about how NAD+ influences human health and ageing biology. This includes a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate NAD+ levels, how to effectively restore NAD+ levels during ageing, whether doing so is safe and whether NAD+ repletion will have beneficial effects in ageing humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Covarrubias
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. .,UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Mesaros O, Jimbu L, Neaga A, Popescu C, Berceanu I, Tomuleasa C, Fetica B, Zdrenghea M. Macrophage Polarization in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Nurse-Like Cells Are the Caretakers of Leukemic Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E516. [PMID: 33228048 PMCID: PMC7699370 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are terminally differentiated innate immune cells. Through their activation, they can be polarized towards the pro-inflammatory M1 type or the wound healing-associated, anti-inflammatory M2 type macrophages. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), M2 is the dominant phenotype and these cells are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs secrete cytokines and chemokines, exerting an antiapoptotic, proliferative and pro-metastatic effect on the tumor cells. TAMs can be found in many cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where they are called nurse-like cells (NLCs). Despite the generally indolent behavior of CLL, the proportion of treatment-refractory patients is significant. As with the majority of cancers, despite significant recent progress, CLL pathogenesis is poorly understood. The emerging role of the TME in nurturing the neoplastic process warrants the investigation of macrophages as a significant pathogenetic element of tumors. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the role of stromal macrophages in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cristian Popescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County Emergency Hospital Alba Iulia, 20 Decebal str., 510093 Alba-Iulia, Romania
| | - Iulia Berceanu
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Bogdan Fetica
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
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17
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Jiao Y, Yi M, Xu L, Chu Q, Yan Y, Luo S, Wu K. CD38: targeted therapy in multiple myeloma and therapeutic potential for solid cancers. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1295-1308. [PMID: 32822558 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1814253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD38 is expressed by some cells of hematological malignancies and tumor-related immunosuppressive cells, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. CD38 is an effective target in some hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM). Daratumumab (Dara), a CD38-targeting antibody, can eliminate CD38high immune suppressor cells and is regarded as a standard therapy for MM because of its outstanding clinical efficacy. Other CD38 monospecific antibodies, such as isatuximab, MOR202, and TAK079, showed promising effects in clinical trials. AREA COVERED This review examines the expression, function, and targeting of CD38 in MM and its potential to deplete immunosuppressive cells in solid cancers. We summarize the distribution and biological function of CD38 and discuss the application of anti-CD38 drugs in hematological malignancies. We also analyz the role of CD38+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment to encourage additional investigations that target CD38 in solid cancers. PubMed and ClinicalTrials were searched to identify relevant literature from the database inception to 30 April 2020. EXPERT OPINION There is convincing evidence that CD38-targeted immunotherapeutics reduce CD38+ immune suppressor cells. This result suggests that CD38 can be exploited to treat solid tumors by regulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxiang Yan
- R & D Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd , Wuhan, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Abstract
Despite a prevailing view that advances in cancer therapy will come through selective targeting of enzymes encoded by mutated oncogenes responsible for the neoplastic phenotype, recent advances in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have instead exploited knowledge of its biology. Indeed, CLL cells depend on interactions with cells and soluble factors present in the tumor microenvironment for proliferation and survival. B-cell receptor signaling and chemokine-receptor signaling play prominent roles. Elucidation of these signaling pathways has defined physiologic targets for drugs, such as ibrutinib, which inhibit Bruton tyrosine kinase and are therapeutically effective. The characteristic high-level expression of BCL2 in CLL that can enhance leukemia-cell survival has now become an Achilles heel targeted by clinically effective drugs such as venetoclax. Here we discuss advances in such targeted therapy and highlight other disease attributes, such as the distinctive expression of ROR1, which may be targeted for clinical benefit, alone or in combination with other targeted therapies.
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19
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Song CB, Zhang LL, Wu X, Fu YJ, Jiang YJ, Shang H, Zhang ZN. CD4 +CD38 + central memory T cells contribute to HIV persistence in HIV-infected individuals on long-term ART. J Transl Med 2020; 18:95. [PMID: 32093678 PMCID: PMC7038621 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the effective antiretroviral treatment (ART) of HIV-infected individuals, HIV persists in a small pool. Central memory CD4+ T cells (Tcm) make a major contribution to HIV persistence. We found that unlike HLA-DR, CD38 is highly expressed on the Tcm of HIV-infected subjects receiving ART for > 5 years. It has been reported that the half-life of total and episomal HIV DNA in the CD4+CD38+ T cell subset, exhibits lower decay rates at 12 weeks of ART. Whether CD38 contributes to HIV latency in HIV-infected individuals receiving long-term ART is yet to be addressed. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the whole blood of HIV-infected subjects receiving suppressive ART. The immunophenotyping, proliferation and apoptosis of CD4+ T cell subpopulations were detected by flow cytometry, and the level of CD38 mRNA and total HIV DNA were measured using real-time PCR and digital droplet PCR, respectively. A negative binomial regression model was used to determine the correlation between CD4+CD38+ Tcm and total HIV DNA in CD4+ T cells. Results CD38 was highly expressed on CD4+ Tcm cells from HIV infected individuals on long-term ART. Comparing with HLA-DR−Tcm and CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells, CD4+CD38+ Tcm cells displayed lower levels of activation (CD25 and CD69) and higher levels of CD127 expression. The proportion of CD38+ Tcm, but not CD38− Tcm cells can predict the total HIV DNA in the CD4+ T cells and the CD38+ Tcm subset harbored higher total HIV DNA copy numbers than the CD38− Tcm subset. After transfected with CD38 si-RNA in CD4+ T cells, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells was inhibited. Conclusion The current date indicates that CD4+CD38+ Tcm cells contribute to HIV persistence in HIV-infected individuals on long-term ART. Our study provides a potential target to resolve HIV persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Bo Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xian Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ya-Jing Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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20
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Merchand-Reyes G, Robledo-Avila FH, Buteyn NJ, Gautam S, Santhanam R, Fatehchand K, Mo X, Partida-Sanchez S, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S. CD31 Acts as a Checkpoint Molecule and Is Modulated by FcγR-Mediated Signaling in Monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3216-3224. [PMID: 31732534 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages express FcγR that engage IgG immune complexes such as Ab-opsonized pathogens or cancer cells to destroy them by various mechanisms, including phagocytosis. FcγR-mediated phagocytosis is regulated by the concerted actions of activating FcγR and inhibitory receptors, such as FcγRIIb and SIRPα. In this study, we report that another ITIM-containing receptor, PECAM1/CD31, regulates FcγR function and is itself regulated by FcγR activation. First, quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry analyses revealed that human monocyte FcγR activation leads to a significant downregulation of CD31 expression, both at the message level and at surface expression, mainly mediated through FcγRIIa. Interestingly, the kinetics of downregulation between the two varied, with surface expression reducing earlier than the message. Experiments to analyze the mechanism behind this discrepancy revealed that the loss of surface expression was because of internalization, which depended predominantly on the PI3 kinase pathway and was independent of FcγR internalization. Finally, functional analyses showed that the downregulation of CD31 expression in monocytes by small interfering RNA enhanced FcγR-mediated phagocytic ability but have little effect on cytokine production. Together, these results suggest that CD31 acts as a checkpoint receptor that could be targeted to enhance FcγR functions in Ab-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Merchand-Reyes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Frank H Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205; and
| | - Nathaniel J Buteyn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ramasamy Santhanam
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kavin Fatehchand
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Santiago Partida-Sanchez
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jonathan P Butchar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210;
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21
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Vaisitti T, Arruga F, Guerra G, Deaglio S. Ectonucleotidases in Blood Malignancies: A Tale of Surface Markers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2301. [PMID: 31636635 PMCID: PMC6788384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia develops as the result of intrinsic features of the transformed cell, such as gene mutations and derived oncogenic signaling, and extrinsic factors, such as a tumor-friendly, immunosuppressed microenvironment, predominantly in the lymph nodes and the bone marrow. There, high extracellular levels of nucleotides, mainly NAD+ and ATP, are catabolized by different ectonucleotidases, which can be divided in two families according to substrate specificity: on one side those that metabolize NAD+, including CD38, CD157, and CD203a; on the other, those that convert ATP, namely CD39 (and other ENTPDases) and CD73. They generate products that modulate intracellular calcium levels and that activate purinergic receptors. They can also converge on adenosine generation with profound effects, both on leukemic cells, enhancing chemoresistance and homing, and on non-malignant immune cells, polarizing them toward tolerance. This review will first provide an overview of ectonucleotidases expression within the immune system, in physiological and pathological conditions. We will then focus on different hematological malignancies, discussing their role as disease markers and possibly pathogenic agents. Lastly, we will describe current efforts aimed at therapeutic targeting of this family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerra
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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22
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Mittal D, Vijayan D, Smyth MJ. Overcoming Acquired PD-1/PD-L1 Resistance with CD38 Blockade. Cancer Discov 2019; 8:1066-1068. [PMID: 30181171 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of CD38 after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade increases extracellular adenosine levels and may contribute to acquired resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Cancer Discov; 8(9); 1066-8. ©2018 AACRSee related article by Chen et al., p. 1156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Mittal
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dipti Vijayan
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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23
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Hogan KA, Chini CCS, Chini EN. The Multi-faceted Ecto-enzyme CD38: Roles in Immunomodulation, Cancer, Aging, and Metabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1187. [PMID: 31214171 PMCID: PMC6555258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 (Cluster of Differentiation 38) is a multifunctional ecto-enzyme that metabolizes NAD+ and mediates nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+) and extracellular nucleotide homeostasis as well as intracellular calcium. CD38 is also an emerging therapeutic target under conditions in which metabolism is altered including infection, aging, and tumorigenesis. We describe multiple enzymatic activities of CD38, which may explain the breadth of biological roles observed for this enzyme. Of greatest significance is the role of CD38 as an ecto-enzyme capable of modulating extracellular NAD+ precursor availability: 1 to bacteria unable to perform de novo synthesis of NAD+; and 2 in aged parenchyma impacted by the accumulation of immune cells during the process of ‘inflammaging’. We also discuss the paradoxical role of CD38 as a modulator of intracellular NAD+, particularly in tumor immunity. Finally, we provide a summary of therapeutic approaches to CD38 inhibition and ‘NAD+ boosting’ for treatment of metabolic dysfunction observed during aging and in tumor immunity. The present review summarizes the role of CD38 in nicotinamide nucleotide homeostasis with special emphasis on the role of CD38 as an immunomodulator and druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hogan
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
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24
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Rodríguez-Alba JC, Abrego-Peredo A, Gallardo-Hernández C, Pérez-Lara J, Santiago-Cruz JW, Jiang JW, Espinosa E. HIV Disease Progression: Overexpression of the Ectoenzyme CD38 as a Contributory Factor? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800128. [PMID: 30537007 PMCID: PMC6545924 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence associating CD38 overexpression and CD4 T cell depletion in HIV infection, no causal relation has been investigated. To address this issue, a series of mechanisms are proposed, supported by evidence from different fields, by which CD38 overexpression can facilitate CD4 T cell depletion in HIV infection. According to this model, increased catalytic activity of CD38 may reduce CD4 T cells' cytoplasmic nicotin-amide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), leading to a chronic Warburg effect. This will reduce mitochondrial function. Simultaneously, CD38's catalytic products ADPR and cADPR may be transported to the cytoplasm, where they can activate calcium channels and increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations, further altering mitochondrial integrity. These mechanisms will decrease the viability and regenerative capacity of CD4 T cells. These hypotheses can be tested experimentally, and might reveal novel therapeutic targets. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/k1LTyiTKPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Rodríguez-Alba
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - A. Abrego-Peredo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - C. Gallardo-Hernández
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J. Pérez-Lara
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J. W. Santiago-Cruz
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J., W. Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA, 29425
| | - E. Espinosa
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
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25
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Abdelgader EA, Eltayeb NH, Eltahir TA, Altayeb OA, Fadul EA, Abdel Rahman EM, Merghani TH. Evaluation of CD38 expression in Sudanese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:815. [PMID: 30442182 PMCID: PMC6238334 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the cluster of differentiation-38 (CD38) expression in Sudanese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and to determine its association with clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease. Results We conducted a cross-sectional study on 99 patients diagnosed with CLL in Khartoum Oncology Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Immunophenotyping and CD38 expression levels were measured with four-color flowcytometry. The results of physical examination and blood analyses were used for assigning a modified Rai clinical staging system. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). According to our findings, the frequencies of 7%, 20%, and 30% cutoff levels of CD38 expressions were 68.7%, 41.4%, and 36.4% respectively. CD38 cutoff level of 7% showed a significant association with hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.04), whereas other cutoff levels showed insignificant results. All the three cutoff levels showed insignificant associations with the other clinical and laboratory variables. In conclusion, the CD38 expression at a cutoff level of 7% seems to be more valuable clinically than higher cutoff levels in Sudanese CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada Hassan Eltayeb
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Osama Ali Altayeb
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory for Leukemia & Lymphoma Diagnosis, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Eman Abbass Fadul
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory for Leukemia & Lymphoma Diagnosis, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Tarig H Merghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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26
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Yigit B, Wang N, Herzog RW, Terhorst C. SLAMF6 in health and disease: Implications for therapeutic targeting. Clin Immunol 2018; 204:3-13. [PMID: 30366106 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yigit
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ninghai Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Li T, Li SL, Fang C, Hou YN, Zhang Q, Du X, Lee HC, Zhao YJ. Nanobody-based dual epitopes protein identification (DepID) assay for measuring soluble CD38 in plasma of multiple myeloma patients. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1029:65-71. [PMID: 29907292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD38 is a surface membrane antigen highly expressed in malignant blood cells, such as multiple myeloma (MM). A soluble form of CD38 (sCD38) is also present in the plasma, deriving likely from the shedding from the cells. The plasma levels of sCD38 should thus correlate closely with the proliferation of the MM cells, allowing the development of a simple diagnostic blood test for monitoring the progress of the disease. However, the plasma sCD38 levels are extremely low, requiring the design of a highly sensitive and specific assay. RESULTS In this study, we developed an ultra-sensitive assay, based on two nanobodies (Nbs) targeting two distinct epitopes of sCD38. One Nb acts as a capturer, and the other is fused with the firefly luciferase serving as a reporter to ensure sensitivity. We showed that this Dual epitopes protein IDentification (DepID) assay has sensitivity reaching 10 pg/mL, which is 10 times higher than that of a commercial ELISA kit. By this method, we were able to precisely quantify the levels of sCD38 in the plasma of MM patients, which were significantly higher than those from healthy donors. We further showed that the increase plasma levels of sCD38 correlated with the progress of MM. CONCLUSION We have developed a Nb-based luminescence sandwich assay, named as DepID, for quantification of the soluble CD38 in MM patients' plasma and showed the potency of this method as a tool for general diagnosis of MM or companion diagnosis of the CD38-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Laboratory of Cytophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Lu Li
- Laboratory of Cytophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Laboratory of Cytophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Nan Hou
- Laboratory of Cytophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiaoxia Zhang
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xin Du
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yong Juan Zhao
- Laboratory of Cytophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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28
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Nanobodies effectively modulate the enzymatic activity of CD38 and allow specific imaging of CD38 + tumors in mouse models in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14289. [PMID: 29084989 PMCID: PMC5662768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface ecto-enzyme CD38 is a promising target antigen for the treatment of hematological malignancies, as illustrated by the recent approval of daratumumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of CD38-specific nanobodies as novel diagnostics for hematological malignancies. We successfully identified 22 CD38-specific nanobody families using phage display technology from immunized llamas. Crossblockade analyses and in-tandem epitope binning revealed that the nanobodies recognize three different non-overlapping epitopes, with four nanobody families binding complementary to daratumumab. Three nanobody families inhibit the enzymatic activity of CD38 in vitro, while two others were found to act as enhancers. In vivo, fluorochrome-conjugated CD38 nanobodies efficiently reach CD38 expressing tumors in a rodent model within 2 hours after intravenous injection, thereby allowing for convenient same day in vivo tumor imaging. These nanobodies represent highly specific tools for modulating the enzymatic activity of CD38 and for diagnostic monitoring CD38-expressing tumors.
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29
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Purroy N, Wu CJ. Coevolution of Leukemia and Host Immune Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a026740. [PMID: 28096240 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative studies on the dissection of changes in driver genetic lesions in cancer across the course of the disease have provided powerful insights into the adaptive mechanisms of tumors in response to the selective pressures of therapy and environmental changes. In particular, the advent of next-generation-sequencing (NGS)-based technologies and its implementation for the large-scale comprehensive analyses of cancers have greatly advanced our understanding of cancer as a complex dynamic system wherein genetically distinct subclones interact and compete during tumor evolution. Aside from genetic evolution arising from interactions intrinsic to the cell subpopulations within tumors, it is increasingly appreciated that reciprocal interactions between the tumor cell and cellular constituents of the microenvironment further exert selective pressures on specific clones that can impact the balance between tumor immunity and immunologic evasion and escape. Herein, we review the evidence supporting these concepts, with a particular focus on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease that has been highly amenable to genomic interrogation and studies of clonal heterogeneity and evolution. Better knowledge of the basis for immune escape has an important clinical impact on prognostic stratification and on the pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Purroy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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30
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Benkisser-Petersen M, Buchner M, Dörffel A, Dühren-von-Minden M, Claus R, Kläsener K, Leberecht K, Burger M, Dierks C, Jumaa H, Malavasi F, Reth M, Veelken H, Duyster J, Zirlik K. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Is Involved in the CD38 Signal Transduction Pathway in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169159. [PMID: 28036404 PMCID: PMC5201248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and proliferation of CLL cells depends on microenvironmental contacts in lymphoid organs. CD38 is a cell surface receptor that plays an important role in survival and proliferation signaling in CLL. In this study we demonstrate SYK's direct involvement in the CD38 signaling pathway in primary CLL samples. CD38 stimulation of CLL cells revealed SYK activation. SYK downstream target AKT was subsequently induced and MCL-1 expression was increased. Concomitant inhibition of SYK by the SYK inhibitor R406 resulted in reduced activation of AKT and prevented upregulation of MCL-1. Moreover, short-term CD38 stimulation enhanced BCR-signaling, as indicated by increased ERK phosphorylation. CXCL12-dependent migration was increased after CD38 stimulation. Treating CLL cells with R406 inhibited CD38-mediated migration. In addition, we observed marked downregulation of CD38 expression for CLL cells treated with R406 compared to vehicle control. Finally, we observed a clear correlation between CD38 expression on CLL cells and SYK-inhibitor efficacy. In conclusion, our study provides deeper mechanistic insight into the effect of SYK inhibition in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Benkisser-Petersen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Buchner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Arlette Dörffel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kläsener
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Leberecht
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Burger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dierks
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunogenetics and CeRMS, University of Torino, and Transplant Immunology, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Zirlik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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31
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Voyle N, Keohane A, Newhouse S, Lunnon K, Johnston C, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Lovestone S, Hodges A, Kiddle S, Dobson RJ. A Pathway Based Classification Method for Analyzing Gene Expression for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:659-69. [PMID: 26484910 PMCID: PMC4927941 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies indicate that gene expression levels in blood may be able to differentiate subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from normal elderly controls and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) subjects. However, there is limited replicability at the single marker level. A pathway-based interpretation of gene expression may prove more robust. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether a case/control classification model built on pathway level data was more robust than a gene level model and may consequently perform better in test data. The study used two batches of gene expression data from the AddNeuroMed (ANM) and Dementia Case Registry (DCR) cohorts. Methods: Our study used Illumina Human HT-12 Expression BeadChips to collect gene expression from blood samples. Random forest modeling with recursive feature elimination was used to predict case/control status. Age and APOE ɛ4 status were used as covariates for all analysis. Results: Gene and pathway level models performed similarly to each other and to a model based on demographic information only. Conclusions: Any potential increase in concordance from the novel pathway level approach used here has not lead to a greater predictive ability in these datasets. However, we have only tested one method for creating pathway level scores. Further, we have been able to benchmark pathways against genes in datasets that had been extensively harmonized. Further work should focus on the use of alternative methods for creating pathway level scores, in particular those that incorporate pathway topology, and the use of an endophenotype based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Voyle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aoife Keohane
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | | | - Caroline Johnston
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Pyschiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Kiddle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Jb Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
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32
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Alsagaby SA, Brennan P, Pepper C. Key Molecular Drivers of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16:593-606. [PMID: 27601002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an adult neoplastic disease of B cells characterized by variable clinical outcomes. Although some patients have an aggressive form of the disease and often encounter treatment failure and short survival, others have more stable disease with long-term survival and little or no need for theraphy. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular drivers that affect the natural pathology of CLL. The present review describes what is known about these key molecules in the context of their role in tumor pathogenicity, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Zuli, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Brennan
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Pepper
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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33
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Li T, Qi S, Unger M, Hou YN, Deng QW, Liu J, Lam CMC, Wang XW, Xin D, Zhang P, Koch-Nolte F, Hao Q, Zhang H, Lee HC, Zhao YJ. Immuno-targeting the multifunctional CD38 using nanobody. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27055. [PMID: 27251573 PMCID: PMC4890012 DOI: 10.1038/srep27055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38, as a cell surface antigen is highly expressed in several hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM) and has been proven to be a good target for immunotherapy of the disease. CD38 is also a signaling enzyme responsible for the metabolism of two novel calcium messenger molecules. To be able to target this multifunctional protein, we generated a series of nanobodies against CD38 with high affinities. Crystal structures of the complexes of CD38 with the nanobodies were solved, identifying three separate epitopes on the carboxyl domain. Chromobodies, engineered by tagging the nanobody with fluorescence proteins, provide fast, simple and versatile tools for quantifying CD38 expression. Results confirmed that CD38 was highly expressed in malignant MM cells compared with normal white blood cells. The immunotoxin constructed by splicing the nanobody with a bacterial toxin, PE38 shows highly selective cytotoxicity against patient-derived MM cells as well as the cell lines, with half maximal effective concentration reaching as low as 10−11 molar. The effectiveness of the immunotoxin can be further increased by stimulating CD38 expression using retinoid acid. These results set the stage for the development of clinical therapeutics as well as diagnostic screening for myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shali Qi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing School of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandy Unger
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yun Nan Hou
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Wen Deng
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Connie M C Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing School of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian Wang Wang
- Functional Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Du Xin
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518029, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Quan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing School of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Biology, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Juan Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Mongini PKA, Gupta R, Boyle E, Nieto J, Lee H, Stein J, Bandovic J, Stankovic T, Barrientos J, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai K, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N. TLR-9 and IL-15 Synergy Promotes the In Vitro Clonal Expansion of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:901-23. [PMID: 26136429 PMCID: PMC4505957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical progression of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) reflects the clone's Ag receptor (BCR) and involves stroma-dependent B-CLL growth within lymphoid tissue. Uniformly elevated expression of TLR-9, occasional MYD88 mutations, and BCR specificity for DNA or Ags physically linked to DNA together suggest that TLR-9 signaling is important in driving B-CLL growth in patients. Nevertheless, reports of apoptosis after B-CLL exposure to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) raised questions about a central role for TLR-9. Because normal memory B cells proliferate vigorously to ODN+IL-15, a cytokine found in stromal cells of bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen, we examined whether this was true for B-CLL cells. Through a CFSE-based assay for quantitatively monitoring in vitro clonal proliferation/survival, we show that IL-15 precludes TLR-9-induced apoptosis and permits significant B-CLL clonal expansion regardless of the clone's BCR mutation status. A robust response to ODN+IL-15 was positively linked to presence of chromosomal anomalies (trisomy-12 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated anomaly + del13q14) and negatively linked to a very high proportion of CD38(+) cells within the blood-derived B-CLL population. Furthermore, a clone's intrinsic potential for in vitro growth correlated directly with doubling time in blood, in the case of B-CLL with Ig H chain V region-unmutated BCR and <30% CD38(+) cells in blood. Finally, in vitro high-proliferator status was statistically linked to diminished patient survival. These findings, together with immunohistochemical evidence of apoptotic cells and IL-15-producing cells proximal to B-CLL pseudofollicles in patient spleens, suggest that collaborative ODN and IL-15 signaling may promote in vivo B-CLL growth.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K A Mongini
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549;
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Erin Boyle
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Jennifer Nieto
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Joanna Stein
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Jela Bandovic
- Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Barrientos
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and
| | - Jonathan E Kolitz
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Steven L Allen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Kanti Rai
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Charles C Chu
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY; and Department of Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
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35
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Filip AA, Ciseł B, Wąsik-Szczepanek E. Guilty bystanders: nurse-like cells as a model of microenvironmental support for leukemic lymphocytes. Clin Exp Med 2015; 15:73-83. [PMID: 24337970 PMCID: PMC4308641 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is one of the most common leukemias among the elderly and, despite many efforts, still stays incurable. Recent studies point to the microenvironment as the critical factor providing leukemic lymphocytes with pro-survival signals. Thus, the neighboring cells appear to be a perfect target for antileukemic therapy. Nurse-like cells (NLCs) largely contribute to CLL microenvironmental support. We developed the CLL lymphocyte/NLC co-culture model for the investigation of microenvironmental interactions. Viability and apoptosis were investigated in CLL lymphocytes treated with dexamethasone (DEX) and chlorambucil (CLB), with and without NLCs' support. For the first time, the capacity of DEX and CLB to affect NLCs viability was also evaluated. Apoptosis-associated gene expression profiles of leukemic lymphocytes ex vivo and cultured with NLCs were assessed by expression arrays. CLL lymphocytes escaped spontaneous apoptosis for several months when cultured with NLCs. The presence of NLCs significantly reduced apoptosis induced with DEX and CLB (p < 0.001; p = 0.012, respectively), and their protective effect was more evident than the effect of recombinant SDF1. Both DEX and CLB also decreased NLCs viability, but to a lesser extent (mean viability in DEX-treated cultures was 37.79% in NLCs compared to 29.24% in lymphocytes). NLCs induced the expression of important anti-apoptotic genes in cultured CLL lymphocytes; median expression of BCL2, SURVIVIN, BCL2A1, and XIAP was significantly higher as compared to ex vivo status. The CLL lymphocyte/NLC co-culture makes up the convenient and close to the natural-state model for studying the relationship between leukemic cells and the microenvironment. Direct cell-to-cell contact with NLCs increases the expression of anti-apoptotic genes in CLL lymphocytes, thus protecting them against induced apoptosis. As the effect of antileukemic drugs is not so apparent in NLCs, the combined therapy targeted at both lymphocytes and the microenvironment should be considered for CLL patients. Simultaneous aiming at the disruption of several different signaling pathways and/or anti-apoptotic proteins may further improve treatment efficiency.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Bystander Effect/genetics
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Chlorambucil/pharmacology
- Coculture Techniques
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/genetics
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata A Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland,
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36
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Zheng D, Liao S, Zhu G, Luo G, Xiao S, He J, Pei Z, Li G, Zhou Y. CD38 is a putative functional marker for side population cells in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:300-11. [PMID: 25630761 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for cancer progression and therapeutic resistance but identification of this subpopulation requires selective markers. Fortunately, side population (SP) cells analysis brings a novel method to CSCs study. In this study, we identified SP cells, which are demonstrated rich in CSCs, in four nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. We investigated SP cells from HK-1 NPC cell line and showed CSCs characteristics in this subpopulation. SP cells displayed greater proliferation and invasion and expressed high levels of CSCs markers than NSP cells. Furthermore, our microRNA microarray analysis of SP versus NSP cells revealed that CD38-related miRNAs were down-regulated in SP cell, but the mRNA and protein level of CD38 were highly expressed in SP cells. We further searched for molecules interacting with CD38 and identified ZAP70, which was also well expressed in SP cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Our results uncover a CD38 pathway that may regulate the proliferation and migration of SP cells from HK-1 NPC cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Zheng
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shan Liao
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Zhu
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Junyu He
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Pei
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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37
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Talaat RM, Abdel-Aziz AM, El-Maadawy EA, Abdel-Bary N. CD38 and Interleukin 6 Gene Polymorphism in Egyptians with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Immunol Invest 2015; 44:265-78. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.989328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Human CD38hiCD138⁺ plasma cells can be generated in vitro from CD40-activated switched-memory B lymphocytes. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:635108. [PMID: 25759831 PMCID: PMC4352507 DOI: 10.1155/2014/635108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocyte differentiation into long-lived plasma cells is the keystone event for the production of long-term protective antibodies. CD40-CD154 and CD27-CD70 interactions are involved in human B lymphocyte differentiation into CD38(hi)CD138(+) cells in vivo as well as in vitro. In this study, we have compared these interactions in their capacity to drive switched-memory B lymphocytes differentiation into CD38(hi)CD138(+) plasma cells. The targeted B lymphocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood, expanded for 19 days, and then submitted to CD70 or CD154 interactions for 14 days. The expanded B lymphocytes were constitutively expressing CD39, whereas CD31's expression was noticed only following the in vitro differentiation step (day 5) and was exclusively present on the CD38(hi) cell population. Furthermore, the generated CD38(hi)CD138(+) cells showed a higher proportion of CD31(+) cells than the CD38(hi)CD138(-) cells. Besides, analyses done with human blood and bone marrow plasma cells showed that in vivo and de novo generated CD38(hi)CD138(+) cells have a similar CD31 expression profile but are distinct according to their reduced CD39 expression level. Overall, we have evidences that in vitro generated plasma cells are heterogeneous and appear as CD39(+) precursors to the ones present in bone marrow niches.
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39
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Visco C, Barcellini W, Maura F, Neri A, Cortelezzi A, Rodeghiero F. Autoimmune cytopenias in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:1055-62. [PMID: 24912821 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is frequently complicated by secondary autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) represented by autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), pure red cell aplasia, and autoimmune granulocytopenia. The distinction of immune cytopenias from cytopenias due to bone marrow infiltration, usually associated with a worse outcome and often requiring a different treatment, is mandatory. AIHA and ITP are more frequently found in patients with unfavorable biological risk factors for CLL. AIC secondary to CLL respond less favorably to standard treatments than their primary forms, and treating the underlying CLL with chemotherapy or monoclonal antibodies may ultimately be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Visco
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology; Ospedale San Bortolo Vicenza
| | - Wilma Barcellini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan
| | - Francesco Maura
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; University of Milan; Milan
| | - Antonino Neri
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; University of Milan; Milan
| | - Agostino Cortelezzi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; University of Milan; Milan
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40
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Alsagaby SA, Khanna S, Hart KW, Pratt G, Fegan C, Pepper C, Brewis IA, Brennan P. Proteomics-Based Strategies To Identify Proteins Relevant to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5051-62. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5002803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman A. Alsagaby
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- Department
of Medical Laboratory, College of Science, Majmaah University, King Fahd Street, PO Box 1712, Al-Zulfi, Riyadh Region, 11932, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Khanna
- TIME
Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14
4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Keith W. Hart
- TIME
Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14
4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Pratt
- CRUK
Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Vincent
Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Fegan
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Pepper
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A. Brewis
- TIME
Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14
4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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41
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The enzymatic activities of CD38 enhance CLL growth and trafficking: implications for therapeutic targeting. Leukemia 2014; 29:356-68. [PMID: 24990614 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ecto-enzyme CD38 is gaining momentum as a novel therapeutic target for patients with hematological malignancies, with several anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials with promising results. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) CD38 is a marker of unfavorable prognosis and a central factor in the pathogenetic network underlying the disease: activation of CD38 regulates genetic pathways involved in proliferation and movement. Here we show that CD38 is enzymatically active in primary CLL cells and that its forced expression increases disease aggressiveness in a xenograft model. The effect is completely lost when using an enzyme-deficient version of CD38 with a single amino-acid mutation. Through the enzymatic conversion of NAD into ADPR (ADP-ribose) and cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose), CD38 increases cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations, positively influencing proliferation and signaling mediated via chemokine receptors or integrins. Consistently, inhibition of the enzymatic activities of CD38 using the flavonoid kuromanin blocks CLL chemotaxis, adhesion and in vivo homing. In a short-term xenograft model using primary cells, kuromanin treatment traps CLL cells in the blood, thereby increasing responses to chemotherapy. These results suggest that monoclonal antibodies that block the enzymatic activities of CD38 or enzyme inhibitors may prove therapeutically useful.
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42
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Brachtl G, Piñón Hofbauer J, Greil R, Hartmann TN. The pathogenic relevance of the prognostic markers CD38 and CD49d in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:361-74. [PMID: 24288111 PMCID: PMC4032465 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with the microenvironment in secondary lymphoid tissues and the bone marrow are known to promote CLL cell survival and proliferation. CD38 and CD49d are both independent prognostic risk parameters in CLL with important roles in shaping these interactions. Both are reported to influence CLL cell trafficking between blood and lymphoid organs as well as their survival and proliferation within the lymphoid organs, thereby impacting the pathophysiology of the disease. The expression of CD38 and CD49d is associated in the majority of cases, and they exist as part of macromolecular complexes. Here, we review the current evidence for the individual and associated contributions of these molecules to CLL pathophysiology.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/blood
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Humans
- Integrin alpha4/blood
- Integrin alpha4/metabolism
- Integrin alpha4beta1/blood
- Integrin alpha4beta1/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/physiopathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brachtl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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43
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Zhang S, Kipps TJ. The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2013; 9:103-18. [PMID: 23987584 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-163955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the clonal expansion of CD5(+)CD23(+) B cells in blood, marrow, and second lymphoid tissues. Gene-expression profiling and phenotypic studies suggest that CLL is probably derived from CD5(+) B cells similar to those found in the blood of healthy adults. Next-generation sequencing has revealed recurrent genetic lesions that are implicated in CLL pathogenesis and/or disease progression. The biology of CLL is entwined with its microenvironment, in which accessory cells can promote leukemia cell growth and/or survival. Recently, much attention has been focused on the CLL B cell receptor (BCR) and on chemokine receptors that enable CLL cells to home to lymphoid tissues and to establish the leukemia microenvironment. Agents that can interfere with BCR signaling or chemokine-receptor signaling, or that target surface antigens selectively expressed on CLL cells, promise to have significant therapeutic benefit in patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093;
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Niu S, Chan R, Berini P, Wang C, Zou S. Morphology and expression status investigations of specific surface markers on B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:1147-53. [PMID: 23963997 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of cells and expression status of specific surface markers [cluster of differentiation (CD)], such as CD5, CD19, CD20, CD38, and CD45, have long been considered as the essential indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Clinically, it is difficult to simultaneously obtain cell morphology and distribution of surface markers with flow cytometry, especially for some surrogate markers such as CD38. Here, as an alternative and complementary prognostic method, fluorescence microscopy and image processing method are introduced to directly visualize the cells from patients and to quantitatively determine the expression status of surface markers. In this study, the morphological parameters of B-CLL cells were measured to establish the correlation between the cellular morphology and the surface marker expression. It was clear that the CD38+ and CD38- B-CLL cells from the same CD38+ patients had hardly any size differences; however, an increase in perimeter was observed for CD38- patients. Moreover, the expression level of the receptors on the cell was independent of the cell size. There was no evidence showing that the expression intensities of CD19 and CD38 were related to each other for the CD38+ B-CLL cells. On the same cells, CD5 was more selectively expressed on the cell membrane; however, the expression patterns suggested that the cell membrane of CD38- B-CLL cells contained the least expression level of CD19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Niu
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0R6; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
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Chillemi A, Zaccarello G, Quarona V, Ferracin M, Ghimenti C, Massaia M, Horenstein AL, Malavasi F. Anti-CD38 antibody therapy: windows of opportunity yielded by the functional characteristics of the target molecule. Mol Med 2013; 19:99-108. [PMID: 23615966 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a mainstay of routine clinical practice in the treatment of various human diseases. A number of molecules can serve as targets, according to the condition being treated. Now entering human clinical trials, CD38 molecule is a particularly attractive target because of its peculiar pattern of expression and its twin role as receptor and ectoenzyme. This review provides a range of analytical perspectives on the current progress in and challenges to anti-CD38 mAb therapy. We present a synopsis of the evidence available on CD38, particularly in myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Our aim is to make the data from basic science helpful and accessible to a diverse clinical audience and, at the same time, to improve its potential for in vivo use. The topics covered include tissue distribution and signal implementation by mAb ligation and the possibility of increasing cell density on target cells by exploiting information about the molecule's regulation in combination with drugs approved for in vivo use. Also analyzed is the behavior of CD38 as an enzyme: CD38 is a component of a pathway leading to the production of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, thus inducing local anergy. Consequently, not only might CD38 be a prime target for mAb-mediated therapy, but its functional block may contribute to general improvement in cancer immunotherapy and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Chillemi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
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46
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Filip AA, Ciseł B, Koczkodaj D, Wąsik-Szczepanek E, Piersiak T, Dmoszyńska A. Circulating microenvironment of CLL: are nurse-like cells related to tumor-associated macrophages? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 50:263-70. [PMID: 23313631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies in Western countries. Accumulation of leukemic lymphocytes in peripheral blood, bone marrow and secondary lymphatic organs of CLL patients is due to decreased apoptosis rather than to increased proliferation. The former is driven by signals from a specific microenvironment, created by stromal cells of mesenchymal origin, follicular dendritic cells, T lymphocytes and others. Nurse-like cells (NLCs) were first described to differentiate from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CLL patients in vitro, then they have been also found in proliferation centers of their lymphatic tissues. Like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in solid tumors, nurse-like cells promote survival of CLL lymphocytes. NLC gene expression patterns suggest their similarity to TAMs and differ between patients depending on ZAP70 protein expression status. NLC number in vitro corresponds with CD14 expressing cell count and beta-2-microglobulin serum level, and positively correlates with leukemic lymphocyte viability. As NLCs strongly express genes for adhesion molecules and secrete chemokines of antiapoptotic activity, they should be considered as a target for anti-microenvironment therapy of this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata A Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
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47
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Etich J, Bergmeier V, Frie C, Kreft S, Bengestrate L, Eming S, Mauch C, Eckes B, Ulus H, Lund FE, Rappl G, Abken H, Paulsson M, Brachvogel B. PECAM1(+)/Sca1(+)/CD38(+) vascular cells transform into myofibroblast-like cells in skin wound repair. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53262. [PMID: 23308177 PMCID: PMC3537615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injury induces the formation of new blood vessels by activating the vasculature in order to restore tissue homeostasis. Vascular cells may also differentiate into matrix-secreting contractile myofibroblasts to promote wound closure. Here, we characterize a PECAM1+/Sca1+ vascular cell population in mouse skin, which is highly enriched in wounds at the peak of neoangiogenesis and myofibroblast formation. These cells express endothelial and perivascular markers and present the receptor CD38 on their surface. PECAM1+/Sca1+/CD38+ cells proliferate upon wounding and could give rise to α-SMA+ myofibroblast-like cells. CD38 stimulation in immunodeficient mice reduced the wound size at the peak of neoangiogenesis and myofibroblast formation. In humans a corresponding cell population was identified, which was enriched in sprouting vessels of basal cell carcinoma biopsies. The results indicate that PECAM1+/Sca1+/CD38+ vascular cells could proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblast-like cells in wound repair. Moreover, CD38 signaling modulates PECAM1+/Sca1+/CD38+ cell activation in the healing process implying CD38 as a target for anti-angiogenic therapies in human basal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Etich
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Vera Bergmeier
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Christian Frie
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sandra Kreft
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Lena Bengestrate
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sabine Eming
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Hikmet Ulus
- Clinic for Paediatric Surgery, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Gunter Rappl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Tumorgenetics, Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Tumorgenetics, Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging - Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- * E-mail:
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48
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Vaisitti T, Serra S, Pepper C, Rossi D, Laurenti L, Gaidano G, Malavasi F, Deaglio S. CD38 signals upregulate expression and functions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2012; 27:1177-81. [PMID: 22955446 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Polzonetti V, Carpi FM, Micozzi D, Pucciarelli S, Vincenzetti S, Napolioni V. Population variability in CD38 activity: correlation with age and significant effect of TNF-α -308G>A and CD38 184C>G SNPs. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:502-7. [PMID: 22236458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CD38 (EC 3.2.2.6, NAD(+)-glycohydrolase) is a multifunctional enzyme catalyzing the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose from NAD(+) to ADP-ribose. The loss of CD38 function is associated with impaired immune responses, metabolic disturbances, and behavioral modifications. Notably, it has been linked to HIV infection, leukemias, myelomas, solid tumors, Type II Diabetes mellitus, bone metabolism, as well as Autism Spectrum Disorder. Taking into account the crucial role played by CD38 in many diseases and in clinical practice, here we assessed the distribution of CD38 NADase activity in a healthy population (104 sex-matched unrelated individuals, 12-98 years) and determined its main predictors among genetic and physiological factors (age and sex). The mean value of CD38 NADase activity was 0.051±0.023 mU/mg (0.010-0.099 mU/mg), following a normal distribution in the study population (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test P=0.200). The TNF-α -308G>A (rs1800629) resulted the main predictor (β=0.364, P=0.00008), followed by Age (β=0.280, P=0.002) and the CD38 184C>G (rs6449182) (β=0.193, P=0.033). Our study contributes to understanding CD38 enzyme physiological functions, by reporting, for the first time, its activity distribution in healthy individuals and demonstrating a significant positive correlation with age. Moreover, the possible use of TNF-α -308G>A (rs1800629) and the CD38 184C>G (rs6449182) SNPs as predictive genetic markers of CD38 activity, clearly point toward possible pharmacogenomic applications and to a more refined use of CD38 in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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50
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Sagatys EM, Zhang L. Clinical and Laboratory Prognostic Indicators in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Control 2012; 19:18-25. [DOI: 10.1177/107327481201900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical course of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is heterogeneous, with some patients experiencing rapid disease progression and others living for decades without requiring treatment. The Rai and Binet clinical staging systems are used to define disease extent and predict survival. The pathology laboratory also provides important prognostic information. Methods A review of the literature was performed on the subject of staging in CLL from clinical and pathologic standpoints. This article also reviews currently available diagnostic approaches related to disease prognosis and to timing of treatment and follow-up in patients with CLL. Results Novel biological and cytogenetic features such as immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene segment [IgVH], genomic aberrations including del(17p13), del(11q23), del(13q14), and trisomy 12, serum markers (thymidine kinase and beta-2 microglobulin), and cellular markers (CD38 and ZAP70) have become increasingly important in predicting prognosis at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions Current prognostic factors directly or indirectly influence the management of patients with CLL and help to predict treatment-free and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Sagatys
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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