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Zheleznyak A, Tang R, Duncan K, Manion B, Liang K, Xu B, Vanover A, Ghai A, Prior J, Lees S, Achilefu S, Kelly K, Shokeen M. Development of New CD38 Targeted Peptides for Cancer Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2024:10.1007/s11307-024-01901-5. [PMID: 38480650 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) affects over 35,000 patients each year in the US. There remains a need for versatile Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers for the detection, accurate staging, and monitoring of treatment response of MM that have optimal specificity and translational attributes. CD38 is uniformly overexpressed in MM and thus represents an ideal target to develop CD38-targeted small molecule PET radiopharmaceuticals to address these challenges. PROCEDURES Using phage display peptide libraries and pioneering algorithms, we identified novel CD38 specific peptides. Imaging bioconjugates were synthesized using solid phase peptide chemistry, and systematically analyzed in vitro and in vivo in relevant MM systems. RESULTS The CD38-targeted bioconjugates were radiolabeled with copper-64 (64Cu) with100% radiochemical purity and an average specific activity of 3.3 - 6.6 MBq/nmol. The analog NODAGA-PEG4-SL022-GGS (SL022: Thr-His-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Ile) had a Kd of 7.55 ± 0.291 nM and was chosen as the lead candidate. 64Cu-NODAGA-PEG4-SL022-GGS demonstrated high binding affinity to CD38 expressing human myeloma MM.1S-CBR-GFP-WT cells, which was blocked by the non-radiolabeled version of the peptide analog and anti-CD38 clinical antibodies, daratumumab and isatuximab, by 58%, 73%, and 78%, respectively. The CD38 positive MM.1S-CBR-GFP-WT cells had > 68% enhanced cellular binding when compared to MM.1S-CBR-GFP-KO cells devoid of CD38. Furthermore, our new CD38-targeted radiopharmaceutical allowed visualization of tumors located in marrow rich bones, remaining there for up to 4 h. Clearance from non-target organs occurred within 60 min. Quantitative PET data from a murine disseminated tumor model showed significantly higher accumulation in the bones of tumor-bearing animals compared to tumor-naïve animals (SUVmax 2.06 ± 0.4 versus 1.24 ± 0.4, P = 0.02). Independently, tumor uptake of the target compound was significantly higher (P = 0.003) compared to the scrambled peptide, 64Cu-NODAGA-PEG4-SL041-GGS (SL041: Thr-Tyr-His-Ile-Pro-Ile-Val). The subcutaneous MM model demonstrated significantly higher accumulation in tumors compared to muscle at 1 and 4 h after tracer administration (SUVmax 0.8 ± 0.2 and 0.14 ± 0.04, P = 0.04 at 1 h; SUVmax 0.89 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.01, P = 0.0002 at 4 h). CONCLUSIONS The novel CD38-targeted, radiolabeled bioconjugates were specific and allowed visualization of MM, providing a starting point for the clinical translation of such tracers for the detection of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zheleznyak
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen Duncan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brad Manion
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kexian Liang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Baogang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexander Vanover
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anchal Ghai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Julie Prior
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Stephen Lees
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kimberly Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Endepols H, Anglada-Huguet M, Mandelkow E, Neumaier B, Mandelkow EM, Drzezga A. Fragmentation of functional resting state brain networks in a transgenic mouse model of tau pathology: A metabolic connectivity study using [ 18F]FDG-PET. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114632. [PMID: 38052272 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, regional reductions in cerebral glucose metabolism have been demonstrated in the tauopathy mouse model rTg4510 (Endepols et al., 2022). Notably, glucose hypometabolism was present in some brain regions without co-localized synaptic degeneration measured with [18F]UCB-H. We hypothesized that in those regions hypometabolism may reflect reduced functional connectivity rather than synaptic damage. To test this hypothesis, we performed seed-based metabolic connectivity analyses using [18F]FDG-PET data in this mouse model. Eight rTg4510 mice at the age of seven months and 8 non-transgenic littermates were injected intraperitoneally with 11.1 ± 0.8 MBq [18F]FDG and spent a 35-min uptake period awake in single cages. Subsequently, they were anesthetized and measured in a small animal PET scanner for 30 min. Three seed-based connectivity analyses were performed per group. Seeds were selected for apparent mismatch between [18F]FDG and [18F]UCB-H. A seed was placed either in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus or dorsal thalamus, and correlated with all other voxels of the brain across animals. In the control group, the emerging correlative pattern was strongly overlapping for all three seed locations, indicating a uniform fronto-thalamo-hippocampal resting state network. In contrast, rTg4510 mice showed three distinct networks with minimal overlap. Frontal and thalamic networks were greatly diminished. The hippocampus, however, formed a new network with the whole parietal cortex. We conclude that resting-state functional networks are fragmented in the brain of rTg4510 mice. Thus, hypometabolism can be explained by reduced functional connectivity of brain areas devoid of tau-related pathology, such as the thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Endepols
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich 52428, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany; Department Neurodegenerative Diseases & Gerontopsychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich 52428, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany; Department Neurodegenerative Diseases & Gerontopsychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Molecular Organization of the Brain (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich 52428, Germany
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Wanek T, Mairinger S, Raabe M, Alam MNA, Filip T, Stanek J, Winter G, Xu L, Laube C, Weil T, Rasche V, Kuntner C. Synthesis, radiolabeling, and preclinical in vivo evaluation of 68Ga-radiolabelled nanodiamonds. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 116-117:108310. [PMID: 36565646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nanodiamonds (NDs) represent a new class of nanoparticles and have gained increasing interest in medical applications. Modifying the surface coating by attaching binding ligands or imaging probes can transform NDs into multi-modal targeting probes. This study evaluated the biokinetics and biodistribution of 68Ga-radiolabelled NDs in a xenograft model. PROCEDURES NDs were coated with an albumin-derived copolymer modified with desferrioxamine to provide a chelator for radiolabeling. In vivo studies were conducted in AR42J tumor-bearing CD1 mice to evaluate biodistribution and tumor accumulation of the NDs. RESULTS Coated NDs were successfully radiolabeled using 68Ga at room temperature with radiolabeling efficiencies up to 91.8 ± 3.2 % as assessed by radio-TLC. In vivo studies revealed the highest accumulation in the liver and spleen, whereas tumor radioactivity concentration was low. CONCLUSIONS Radiolabeling of coated NDs could be achieved. However, the obtained results indicate these coated NDs' limitations in their biodistribution within the conducted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wanek
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Raabe
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Synthesis of Macromolecules, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Md Noor A Alam
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Synthesis of Macromolecules, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Gordon Winter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany(.)
| | - Lujuan Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Synthesis of Macromolecules, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Laube
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Synthesis of Macromolecules, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria.
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Niu M, Liu Z, Kuang Z, Wang X, Ren N, Sang Z, Wu S, Cong L, Sun T, Hu Z, Yang Y. Ultra-high resolution depth-encoding small animal PET detectors: Using GAGG and LYSO crystal arrays. Med Phys 2022; 49:3006-3020. [PMID: 35301730 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Small animal PET scanners are widely used in current biomedical research. The study aimed to develop high efficiency and ultra-high resolution detectors that could be used to develop a small animal PET scanner with high sensitivity and spatial resolution approaching to its physical limit. METHODS 4 crystal arrays were fabricated and measured in this study. Crystal arrays 1 and 2 consisted of 38 × 38 GAGG and LYSO crystals of 0.4 × 0.4 × 20 mm3 size. Crystal array 3 consisted of 16 × 16 GAGG crystals of 0.3 × 0.3 × 20 mm3 size, and crystal array 4 consisted of 24 × 24 LYSO crystals 0.3 × 0.3 × 20 mm3 in size. The crystal arrays were dual-ended readouts using 8 × 8 SiPM arrays of 2 × 2 mm2 pixel area. The SiPM array was read-out using a signal multiplexing circuit to convert the 64 output signals into 4 position-encoding signals. The performances of the 4 detectors in terms of flood histogram, energy resolution, depth of interaction resolution and timing resolution were measured. RESULTS The GAGG detectors provided better flood histograms, ∼30% higher photopeak amplitude, ∼20% higher energy resolution, ∼12% worse DOI resolution and ∼15% worse timing resolution compared with LYSO detectors of the same crystal size. These 4 detectors provided DOI resolutions of <2 mm, energy resolutions of <22% and timing resolutions of <1.6 ns. All crystals of 0.4 × 0.4 × 20 mm3 and 0.3 × 0.3 × 20 mm3 could be clearly resolved if the crystal array was 1 mm smaller in the four sides than that in the SiPM array. CONCLUSIONS High DOI resolution PET detectors were developed using both GAGG and LYSO arrays with crystal sizes of 0.3 and 0.4 mm, respectively, and a length of 20 mm. The detectors can be used in the future to develop small animal PET scanners, especially dedicated mouse imaging PET scanners, which can simultaneously achieve high sensitivity and ultra-high spatial resolution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Niu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhonghua Kuang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziru Sang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - San Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Longhan Cong
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhanli Hu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Shidahara M, Funaki Y, Watabe H. Noninvasive estimation of human radiation dosimetry of 18F-FDG by whole-body small animal PET imaging in rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 181:110071. [PMID: 34952332 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small animal PET provides the biodistribution of administrated radiotracer in vivo and have a potential to contribute on dosimetry study. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of region-of-interest (ROI)-delineation in whole-body rat PET image toward non-invasive estimation of human dosimetry of 18F-FDG. METHOD After administration of 18F-FDG (averaged 11.7 MBq), 3.5-h PET and 20-min CT scans were sequentially performed for three rats by Clairvivo PET/CT system. Seven source organs, and the remainder of the body, were studied to extrapolate %ID(t) and estimate time-integrated activity coefficients [kBq-h/MBq] in human. The mean absorbed dose in each target organ and the effective dose were estimated by MIRD method. Effects of ROI-definitions on both extrapolated %ID(t) in human and estimated doses were also investigated by using (i) small ROIs of high uptake region and (ii) whole organ ROIs. RESULTS Averaged effective doses of 18F-FDG in human by using high-uptake and whole-organ ROIs were 27.8 ± 6.54 and 19.3 ± 2.72 μSv/MBq, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of small animal PET scanner, which allows repeatedly PET scans, have a potential to contribute on the reduction of the number of experimental animals. However, the ways of ROI drawing influences on the estimated effective dose and safe-side ROI definition may be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shidahara
- Division of Applied Quantum Medical Engineering, Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Funaki
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watabe
- Division of Radiation Protection and Safety Control, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Kuang Z, Wang X, Ren N, Wu S, Zeng T, Niu M, Cong L, Sang Z, Liu Z, Sun T, Hu Z, Liang D, Liu X, Zheng H, Yang Y. Physical and Imaging Performance of SIAT aPET under Different Energy Windows and Timing Windows. Med Phys 2022; 49:1432-1444. [PMID: 35049067 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The performance of small animal PET scanners depends on the energy window (EW) and timing window (TW). In NEMA Standards Publication NU 4-2008, detailed procedures of the performance measurements are defined, but the EW and TW are not specified. In this work, the effects of EW and TW on the physical and imaging performance of SIAT aPET will be evaluated. METHODS First, the flood histogram, energy resolution and timing resolution were measured for a detector of SIAT aPET. Second, the spatial resolutions were measured with different EWs. Third, the sensitivities, the scatter fractions (SFs), and noise equivalent count rates (NECRs) of a mouse-sized phantom and a rat-sized phantom, the recovery coefficients (RCs) of rods of different sizes, and the percentage standard deviation (%STD) of the NEMA image quality phantom were measured for different EWs and TWs. Last, images of a hot rod phantom, a mouse heart and a rat brain were acquired from the scanner with different EWs. RESULTS The SIAT aPET detectors provided good flood histograms such that all but the corner crystals can be resolved even with lower energies of 250-350 keV, an average energy resolution of 21.1±1.9 % and an average timing resolution of 2.63±0.69 ns. The average spatial resolutions obtained with EWs of 250-350 keV and 450-550 keV are 0.68 mm and 0.75 mm. For EWs of 250-750 keV, 350-750 keV, and 450-750 keV with a fixed TW of 12 ns, the sensitivities at center of field of view are 16.0%, 11.9%, and 8.2%, the peak NECRs of a mouse-sized phantom are 355.6 kcps, 324.4 kcps, and 249.4 kcps, and the peak NECRs of a rat-sized phantom are 148.5 kcps, 144.3 kcps, and 117.7 kcps, respectively. For the TWs of 4 ns, 8 ns,12 ns, and 20 ns with a fixed EW of 350-750 keV, the sensitivities at center of field of view are 9.6%, 11.4%, 11.9%, and 12.2%, the peak NECRs of a mouse-sized phantom are 260.1 kcps, 311.5 kcps, 324.4 kcps and 324.9 kcps, and the peak NECRs of a rat-sized phantom are 110.5 kcps, 137.3 kcps,144.3 kcps and 142.6 kcps, respectively. Narrowing the EW and TW improves the RCs of rods of all sizes, and the %STD of images obtained with different EWs and TWs are similar. Rods with diameter down to 0.8 mm can be visually resolved from images of the hot rod phantom obtained with different EWs. Images of mouse heart with high spatial resolution and rat brain with detail brain structure were obtained with different EWs. Images of both phantom and in-vivo animals obtained with different EWs only showed subtle difference. CONCLUSION The performance of SIAT aPET under different EWs and TWs was compared. The EW and TW affect the sensitivity, SF, and NECR, but not the spatial resolution and animal images of SIAT aPET, which imply that careful optimization of the EW and TW is not required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Kuang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - San Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tianyi Zeng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Longhan Cong
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziru Sang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhanli Hu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Mu L, Krämer SD, Warnock GI, Haider A, Bengs S, Cartolano G, Bräm DS, Keller C, Schibli R, Ametamey SM, Kaufmann PA, Gebhard C. [ 11C]mHED PET follows a two-tissue compartment model in mouse myocardium with norepinephrine transporter (NET)-dependent uptake, while [ 18F]LMI1195 uptake is NET-independent. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:114. [PMID: 32990788 PMCID: PMC7524946 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter (NET) function provides valuable diagnostic information on sympathetic outflow and neuronal status. As data on the NET-targeting PET tracers [11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine ([11C]mHED) and [18F]LMI1195 ([18F]flubrobenguane) in murine experimental models are scarce or lacking, we performed a detailed characterization of their myocardial uptake pattern and investigated [11C]mHED uptake by kinetic modelling. METHODS [11C]mHED and [18F]LMI1195 accumulation in the heart was studied by PET/CT in FVB/N mice. To test for specific uptake by NET, desipramine, a selective NET inhibitor, was administered by intraperitoneal injection. [11C]mHED kinetic modelling with input function from an arteriovenous shunt was performed in three mice. RESULTS Both tracers accumulated in the mouse myocardium; however, only [11C]mHED uptake was significantly reduced by excess amount of desipramine. Myocardial [11C]mHED uptake was half-saturated at 88.3 nmol/kg of combined mHED and metaraminol residual. After [11C]mHED injection, a radiometabolite was detected in plasma and urine, but not in the myocardium. [11C]mHED kinetics followed serial two-tissue compartment models with desipramine-sensitive K1. CONCLUSION PET with [11C]mHED but not [18F]LMI1195 provides information on NET function in the mouse heart. [11C]mHED PET is dose-independent in the mouse myocardium at < 10 nmol/kg of combined mHED and metaraminol. [11C]mHED kinetics followed serial two-tissue compartment models with K1 representing NET transport. Myocardial [11C]mHED uptake obtained from PET images may be used to assess cardiac sympathetic integrity in mouse models of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Mu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey I Warnock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Cartolano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic S Bräm
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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Rosar F, Buchholz HG, Michels S, Hoffmann MA, Piel M, Waldmann CM, Rösch F, Reuss S, Schreckenberger M. Image quality analysis of 44Sc on two preclinical PET scanners: a comparison to 68Ga. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:16. [PMID: 32166581 PMCID: PMC7067939 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-0286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 44Sc has been increasingly investigated as a potential alternative to 68Ga in the development of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET). The lower mean positron energy of 44Sc (0.63 MeV) compared to 68Ga (0.83 MeV) can result in better spatial image resolutions. However, high-energy γ-rays (1157 keV) are emitted at high rates (99.9%) during 44Sc decay, which can reduce image quality. Therefore, we investigated the impact of these physical properties and performed an unbiased performance evaluation of 44Sc and 68Ga with different imaging phantoms (image quality phantom, Derenzo phantom, and three-rod phantom) on two preclinical PET scanners (Mediso nanoScan PET/MRI, Siemens microPET Focus 120). Results Despite the presence of high-energy γ-rays in 44Sc decay, a higher image resolution of small structures was observed with 44Sc when compared to 68Ga. Structures as small as 1.3 mm using the Mediso system, and as small as 1.0 mm using the Siemens system, could be visualized and analyzed by calculating full width at half maximum. Full widths at half maxima were similar for both isotopes. For image quality comparison, we calculated recovery coefficients in 1–5 mm rods and spillover ratios in either air, water, or bone-equivalent material (Teflon). Recovery coefficients for 44Sc were significantly higher than those for 68Ga. Despite the lower positron energy, 44Sc-derived spillover ratio (SOR) values were similar or slightly higher to 68Ga-derived SOR values. This may be attributed to the higher background caused by the additional γ-rays. On the Siemens system, an overestimation of scatter correction in the central part of the phantom was observed causing a virtual disappearance of spillover inside the three-rod phantom. Conclusion Based on these findings, 44Sc appears to be a suitable alternative to 68Ga. The superior image resolution makes it an especially strong competitor in preclinical settings. The additional γ-emissions have a small impact on the imaging resolution but cause higher background noises and can effect an overestimation of scatter correction, depending on the PET system and phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rosar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Buchholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Michels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela A Hoffmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Piel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher M Waldmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Reuss
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Brendel M, Deussing M, Blume T, Kaiser L, Probst F, Overhoff F, Peters F, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Ryazanov S, Leonov A, Griesinger C, Zwergal A, Levin J, Bartenstein P, Yakushev I, Cumming P, Boening G, Ziegler S, Herms J, Giese A, Rominger A. Late-stage Anle138b treatment ameliorates tau pathology and metabolic decline in a mouse model of human Alzheimer's disease tau. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:67. [PMID: 31370885 PMCID: PMC6670231 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Augmenting the brain clearance of toxic oligomers with small molecule modulators constitutes a promising therapeutic concept against tau deposition. However, there has been no test of this concept in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with initiation at a late disease stage. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of interventional late-stage Anle138b treatment, which previously indicated great potential to inhibit oligomer accumulation by binding of pathological aggregates, on the metabolic decline in transgenic mice with established tauopathy in a longitudinal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) study. METHODS Twelve transgenic mice expressing all six human tau isoforms (hTau) and ten controls were imaged by FDG-PET at baseline (14.5 months), followed by randomization into Anle138b treatment and vehicle groups for 3 months. FDG-PET was repeated after treatment for 3 months, and brains were analyzed by tau immunohistochemistry. Longitudinal changes of glucose metabolism were compared between study groups, and the end point tau load was correlated with individual FDG-PET findings. RESULTS Tau pathology was significantly ameliorated by late-stage Anle138b treatment when compared to vehicle (frontal cortex - 53%, p < 0.001; hippocampus - 59%, p < 0.005). FDG-PET revealed a reversal of metabolic decline during Anle138b treatment, whereas the vehicle group showed ongoing deterioration. End point glucose metabolism in the brain of hTau mice had a strong correlation with tau deposition measured by immunohistochemistry (R = 0.92, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Late-stage oligomer modulation effectively ameliorated tau pathology in hTau mice and rescued metabolic function. Molecular imaging by FDG-PET can serve for monitoring effects of Anle138b treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Kaiser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Federico Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Overhoff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Finn Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- MODAG GmbH, 55324 Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Centre Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Zwergal
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Guido Boening
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Feodor Lynen-Str. 23, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- MODAG GmbH, 55324 Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Pektor S, Hilscher L, Walzer KC, Miederer I, Bausbacher N, Loquai C, Schreckenberger M, Sahin U, Diken M, Miederer M. In vivo imaging of the immune response upon systemic RNA cancer vaccination by FDG-PET. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:80. [PMID: 30112704 PMCID: PMC6093825 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is commonly used in the clinic for diagnosis of cancer and for follow-up of therapy outcome. Additional to the well-established value in tumor imaging, it bears potential to depict immune processes in modern immunotherapies. T cells enhance their glucose consumption upon activation and are crucial effectors for the success of such novel therapies. In this study, we analyzed the T cell immunity in spleen after antigen-specific stimulation of T cells via highly innovative RNA-based vaccines using FDG-PET/MRI. For this purpose, we employed systemic administration of RNA-lipoplexes encoding the endogenous antigen of Moloney murine leukemia virus (gp70) which have been previously shown to induce potent innate as well as adaptive immune mechanisms for cancer immunotherapy. Feasibility of clinical imaging of increased splenic FDG uptake was demonstrated in a melanoma patient participating in a clinical phase 1 trial of a tetravalent RNA-lipoplex cancer vaccine. RESULTS We observed exclusive increase of glucose uptake in spleen compared to other organs thanks to liposome-mediated RNA targeting to this immune-relevant organ. In vivo and ex vivo FDG uptake analysis in the spleen of vaccinated mice correlated well with antigen-specific T cell activation. Moreover, the use of an irrelevant (antigen non-specific) RNA also resulted in enhanced FDG uptake early after vaccination through the activation of several other splenic cell populations. The glucose uptake was also dependent on the dose of RNA administered in line with the activation and frequencies of proliferating antigen-specific T cells as well as the general activation pattern of splenic cell populations. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical results show rapid and transient vaccination-induced increase of FDG uptake within the spleen reflecting immune activation preceding T cell proliferation. FDG-PET/CT in patients is also capable to image this immune activation resulting in a new potential application of FDG-PET/CT to image immune processes in new immunological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lina Hilscher
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin C. Walzer
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabelle Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Mannheim JG, Schmid AM, Pichler BJ. Influence of Co-57 and CT Transmission Measurements on the Quantification Accuracy and Partial Volume Effect of a Small Animal PET Scanner. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:825-836. [PMID: 28361250 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-invasive in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) provides high detection sensitivity in the nano- to picomolar range and in addition to other advantages, the possibility to absolutely quantify the acquired data. The present study focuses on the comparison of transmission data acquired with an X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner or a Co-57 source for the Inveon small animal PET scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Knoxville, TN, USA), as well as determines their influences on the quantification accuracy and partial volume effect (PVE). A special focus included the impact of the performed calibration on the quantification accuracy. PROCEDURES Phantom measurements were carried out to determine the quantification accuracy, the influence of the object size on the quantification, and the PVE for different sphere sizes, along the field of view and for different contrast ratios. RESULTS An influence of the emission activity on the Co-57 transmission measurements was discovered (deviations up to 24.06 % measured to true activity), whereas no influence of the emission activity on the CT attenuation correction was identified (deviations <3 % for measured to true activity). The quantification accuracy was substantially influenced by the applied calibration factor and by the object size. The PVE demonstrated a dependency on the sphere size, the position within the field of view, the reconstruction and correction algorithms and the count statistics. Depending on the reconstruction algorithm, only ∼30-40 % of the true activity within a small sphere could be resolved. The iterative 3D reconstruction algorithms uncovered substantially increased recovery values compared to the analytical and 2D iterative reconstruction algorithms (up to 70.46 % and 80.82 % recovery for the smallest and largest sphere using iterative 3D reconstruction algorithms). The transmission measurement (CT or Co-57 source) to correct for attenuation did not severely influence the PVE. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the quantification accuracy and the PVE revealed an influence of the object size, the reconstruction algorithm and the applied corrections. Particularly, the influence of the emission activity during the transmission measurement performed with a Co-57 source must be considered. To receive comparable results, also among different scanner configurations, standardization of the acquisition (imaging parameters, as well as applied reconstruction and correction protocols) is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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12
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Sinharay S, Lee D, Shah S, Muthusamy S, Papadakis GZ, Zhang X, Maric D, Reid WC, Hammoud DA. Cross-sectional and longitudinal small animal PET shows pre and post-synaptic striatal dopaminergic deficits in an animal model of HIV. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 55:27-33. [PMID: 29031113 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo imaging biomarkers of various HIV neuropathologies, including dopaminergic dysfunction, are still lacking. Towards developing dopaminergic biomarkers of brain involvement in HIV, we assessed the pre and postsynaptic components of the dopaminergic system in the HIV-1 transgenic rat (Tg), a well-characterized model of treated HIV+ patients, using small-animal PET imaging. METHODS Fifteen to 18 month-old Tg and wild type (WT) rats were imaged with both [18F]-FP-CMT, a dopamine transporter (DAT) ligand (n=16), and [18F]-Fallypride, a D2/D3 dopamine receptor (D2/D3DR) ligand (n=16). Five to 8 month-old Tg and WT rats (n=18) were also imaged with [18F]-FP-CMT. A subset of animals was imaged longitudinally at 7 and 17 months of age. Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining for DAT, tyrosine hydroxylase, D2DR, D3DR, GFAP, Iba1 and NeuN was performed on a subgroup of the scanned animals. RESULTS [18F]-FP-CMT and [18F]-Fallypride binding potential (BPND) values were significantly lower in 15-18 month-old Tg compared to age-matched WT rats (p<0.0001 and 0.001, respectively). [18F]-FP-CMT BPND values in 5-8 month-old rats, however, were not significantly different. Longitudinal age-related decrease in [18F]-FP-CMT BPND was exacerbated in the Tg rat. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased staining of dopaminergic markers in Tg rats. Rats with higher serum gp120 had lower mean BPND values for both ligands. CONCLUSIONS We found presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction/loss in older Tg compared to WT rats. We believe this to be related to neurotoxicity of viral proteins present in the Tg rats' serum and brain. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Our findings confirm prior reports of neurobehavioral abnormalities suggestive of dopaminergic dysfunction in this model. They also suggest similarities between the Tg rat and HIV+ patients as far as dopaminergic dysfunction. IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE The Tg rat, along with the above-described quantitative PET imaging biomarkers, can have a role in the evaluation of HIV neuroprotective therapies prior to human translation.
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Pektor S, Bausbacher N, Otto G, Lawaczeck L, Grabbe S, Schreckenberger M, Miederer M. Toll like receptor mediated immune stimulation can be visualized in vivo by [ 18F]FDG-PET. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:651-660. [PMID: 27552488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High uptake of [18F]-2-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) by inflammatory cells is a frequent cause of false positive results in [18F]FDG-positron-emission tomography (PET) for cancer diagnostics. Similar to cancer cells, immune cells undergo significant increases in glucose utilization following activation, e.g., in infectious diseases or after vaccination during cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to quantify certain immune effects in vitro and in vivo by [18F]FDG-PET after stimulation with TLR ligands and specific antibodies. METHODS In vivo [18F]FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biodistribution was performed with C57BL/6 mice immunized with CpG or LPS. Cellular [18F]FDG-uptake assays were performed with B cells and T cells or with whole spleen cells after stimulation with CpG, LPS and anti-CD3/CD28. In vitro and in vivo activation of B and T cells was examined by concomitant FACS analysis to correlate immune cell activation with the strength of [18F]FDG accumulation. RESULTS We could show that TLR mediated activation of B cells increases [18F]FDG uptake, and that B cells show faster kinetics and greater effect than T cells stimulated by the CD3/CD28 pathway. In the whole spleen cell population the [18F]FDG signal was triggered mainly by the activation of B cells, corresponding closely to expression of typical stimulation markers. This finding could also been seen in vivo in [18F]FDG-PET/MRI, where the spleen was clearly visible after TLR stimulation and B cells showed upregulation of CD80 and CD86. CONCLUSION In vivo TLR stimulation can be visualized by increased [18F]FDG uptake in lymphoid organs. The signal generated in the spleen after immunization might be mainly attributed to the activation of B cells within. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Knowledge of the composition of cells that take up [18F]FDG during vaccination or in response to therapy may improve successful treatment of cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Otto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Lawaczeck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
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Ooms M, Celen S, De Hoogt R, Lenaerts I, Liebregts J, Vanhoof G, Langlois X, Postnov A, Koole M, Verbruggen A, Van Laere K, Bormans G. Striatal phosphodiesterase 10A availability is altered secondary to chronic changes in dopamine neurotransmission. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 1:3. [PMID: 29564380 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-016-0005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is an important regulator of
nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. However, little is known on the
effect of alterations in DA neurotransmission on PDE10A availability. Here, we
used [18F]JNJ42259152 PET to measure changes in PDE10A
availability, secondary to pharmacological alterations in DA release and to
investigate whether these are D1- or
D2-receptor driven. Results Acute treatment of rats using D-amphetamine (5 mg, s.c. and 1 mg/kg
i.v.) did not result in a significant change in PDE10A BPND
compared to baseline conditions. 5-day D-amphetamine treatment (5 mg/kg, s.c.)
increased striatal PDE10A BPND compared to the baseline
(+24 %, p = 0.03). Treatment with the selective
D2 antagonist SCH23390 (1 mg/kg) and D-amphetamine decreased PDE10A binding
(-22 %, p = 0.03). Treatment with only SCH23390
further decreased PDE10A binding (-26 %, p = 0.03). No significant alterations in PDE10A mRNA levels were
observed. Conclusions Repeated D-amphetamine treatment significantly increased PDE10A
binding, which is not observed upon selective D1 receptor
blocking. This study suggests a potential pharmacological interaction between
PDE10A enzymes and drugs modifying DA neurotransmission. Therefore, PDE10A binding
in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders might be modulated by chronic
DA-related treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41181-016-0005-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
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Lasnon C, Dugué AE, Briand M, Dutoit S, Aide N. Quantifying and correcting for tail vein extravasation in small animal PET scans in cancer research: is there an impact on therapy assessment? EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:61. [PMID: 26543028 PMCID: PMC4635168 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tail vein injection under short anesthesia is the most commonly used route for administering radiopharmaceuticals. However, the small caliber of the vein in rodents may lead to tracer extravasation and thereby compromise quantitative accuracy of PET. We aimed to evaluate a method for correction of interstitial radiotracer leakage in the context of pre-clinical therapeutic response assessment. Methods In two separate studies involving 16 nude rats, a model of human ovarian cancer was xenografted and each was treated with a Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor or used as a control. Tracer injections were performed via the tail vein by a single operator. Two observers qualitatively evaluated the resulting images and if appropriate drew a volume of interest (VOI) over the injection site to record extravasated activities. Uncorrected and corrected tumors’ mean standardized uptake value (SUV)mean was computed (corrected injected activity = calibrated activity − decay corrected residual syringe activity − decay corrected tail extravasated activity). Molecular analyses were taken as a gold standard. The frequency and magnitude of extravasation were analyzed, as well as the inter-observer agreement and the impact of the correction method on tumor uptake quantification. Results Extravasation never exceeded 20 % of the injected dose but occurred in more than 50 % of injections. It was independent of groups of animals and protocol time points with p values of 1.00 and 0.61, respectively, in the first experiment and 0.47 and 0.13, respectively, in the second experiment. There was a good inter-observer agreement for qualitative analysis (kappa = 0.72) and a moderate agreement when using quantitative analysis (ρc= 0.94). In both experiments, there was significant difference between uncorrected and corrected SUVmean. Despite this significant difference, mean percent differences between uncorrected and corrected SUVmean in the first and the second experiments were -3.61 and -1.78, respectively. Concerning therapy assessment, in both experiments, significant differences in median %SUVmean between control and treated groups were observed over all time points with either uncorrected and corrected data (p < 0.05). Conclusions Although extravasation is common and can be reproducibly corrected, this is probably not required for validation of response to drugs that induce large SUV changes. However, further studies are required to evaluate the impact of extravasation in situations where less marked metabolic responses are observed or important extravasations occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Lasnon
- BioTICLA unit, UMR INSERM 1199, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, UNICAEN, Caen, France. .,Normandie University Caen, Caen, France. .,Nuclear Medicine Department, Caen University Hospital, Avenue Côte de Nacre, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Audrey Emmanuelle Dugué
- Biostatistics and Clinical Research Department, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
| | - Mélanie Briand
- BioTICLA unit, UMR INSERM 1199, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Soizic Dutoit
- BioTICLA unit, UMR INSERM 1199, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Aide
- BioTICLA unit, UMR INSERM 1199, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,Normandie University Caen, Caen, France.,Nuclear Medicine Department, Caen University Hospital, Avenue Côte de Nacre, 14000, Caen, France
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Shen B, James ML, Andrews L, Lau C, Chen S, Palner M, Miao Z, Arksey NC, Shuhendler AJ, Scatliffe S, Kaneshige K, Parsons SM, McCurdy CR, Salehi A, Gambhir SS, Chin FT. Further validation to support clinical translation of [(18)F]FTC-146 for imaging sigma-1 receptors. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:49. [PMID: 26384292 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to further evaluate the specificity and selectivity of [(18)F]FTC-146 and obtain additional data to support its clinical translation. METHODS The binding of [(19)F]FTC-146 to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was evaluated using [(3)H]vesamicol and PC12(A123.7) cells in an in vitro binding assay. The uptake and kinetics of [(18)F]FTC-146 in S1R-knockout mice (S1R-KO) compared to wild-type (WT) littermates was assessed using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Ex vivo autoradiography and histology were conducted using a separate cohort of S1R-KO/WT mice, and radiation dosimetry was calculated from WT mouse data (extrapolated for human dosing). Toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats were performed with a dose equivalent to 250× the anticipated clinical dose of [(19)F]FTC-146 mass. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION VAChT binding assay results verified that [(19)F]FTC-146 displays negligible affinity for VAChT (K i = 450 ± 80 nM) compared to S1R. PET images demonstrated significantly higher tracer uptake in WT vs. S1R-KO brain (4.57 ± 1.07 vs. 1.34 ± 0.4 %ID/g at 20-25 min, n = 4, p < 0.05). In S1R-KO mice, it was shown that rapid brain uptake and clearance 10 min post-injection, which are consistent with previous S1R-blocking studies in mice. Three- to fourfold higher tracer uptake was observed in WT relative to S1R-KO mouse brains by ex vivo autoradiography. S1R staining coincided well with the autoradiographic data in all examined brain regions (r (2) = 0.85-0.95). Biodistribution results further demonstrated high [(18)F]FTC-146 accumulation in WT relative to KO mouse brain and provided quantitative information concerning tracer uptake in S1R-rich organs (e.g., heart, lung, pancreas) for WT mice vs. age-matched S1R-KO mice. The maximum allowed dose per scan in humans as extrapolated from mouse dosimetry was 33.19 mCi (1228.03 MBq). No significant toxicity was observed even at a 250X dose of the maximum carrier mass [(19)F]FTC-146 expected to be injected for human studies. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data indicate that [(18)F]FTC-146 binds specifically to S1Rs and is a highly promising radiotracer ready for clinical translation to investigate S1R-related diseases.
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Brendel M, Delker A, Rötzer C, Böning G, Carlsen J, Cyran C, Mille E, Gildehaus FJ, Cumming P, Baumann K, Steiner H, Haass C, Herms J, Bartenstein P, Rominger A. Impact of partial volume effect correction on cerebral β-amyloid imaging in APP-Swe mice using [(18)F]-florbetaben PET. Neuroimage 2013; 84:843-53. [PMID: 24055703 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously investigated the progression of β-amyloid deposition in brain of mice over-expressing amyloid-precursor protein (APP-Swe), a model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in a longitudinal PET study with the novel β-amyloid tracer [(18)F]-florbetaben. There were certain discrepancies between PET and autoradiographic findings, which seemed to arise from partial volume effects (PVE). Since this phenomenon can lead to bias, most especially in the quantitation of brain microPET studies of mice, we aimed in the present study to investigate the magnitude of PVE on [(18)F]-florbetaben quantitation in murine brain, and to establish and validate a useful correction method (PVEC). Phantom studies with solutions of known radioactivity concentration were performed to measure the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) resolution of the Siemens Inveon DPET and to validate a volume-of-interest (VOI)-based PVEC algorithm. Several VOI-brain-masks were applied to perform in vivo PVEC on [(18)F]-florbetaben data from C57BL/6(N=6) mice, while uncorrected and PVE-corrected data were cross-validated with gamma counting and autoradiography. Next, PVEC was performed on longitudinal PET data set consisting of 43 PET scans in APP-Swe (13-20months) and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice using the previously defined masks. VOI-based cortex-to-cerebellum ratios (SUVR) were compared for uncorrected and PVE-corrected results. Brains from a subset of transgenic mice were ultimately examined by autoradiography ex vivo and histochemistry in vitro as gold standard assessments, and compared to VOI-based PET results. The phantom study indicated a FWHM of 1.72mm. Applying a VOI-brain-mask including extracerebral regions gave robust PVEC, with increased precision of the SUVR results. Cortical SUVR increased with age in APP-Swe mice compared to baseline measurements (16months: +5.5%, p<0.005; 20months: +15.5%, p<0.05) with uncorrected data, and to a substantially greater extent with PVEC (16months: +12.2% p<0.005; 20months: +36.4% p<0.05). WT animals showed no binding changes, irrespective of PVEC. Relative to autoradiographic results, the error [%] for uncorrected cortical SUVR was 18.9% for native PET data, and declined to 4.8% upon PVEC, in high correlation with histochemistry results. We calculate that PVEC increases by 10% statistical power for detecting altered [(18)F]-florbetaben uptake in aging APP-Swe mice in planned studies of disease modifying treatments on amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Kim C, Kim IH, Kim SI, Kim YS, Kang SH, Moon SH, Kim TS, Kim SK. Comparison of the Intraperitoneal, Retroorbital and per Oral Routes for F-18 FDG Administration as Effective Alternatives to Intravenous Administration in Mouse Tumor Models Using Small Animal PET/CT Studies. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 45:169-76. [PMID: 24900000 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-011-0087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared alternative routes for (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) administration, such as the retroorbital (RO), intraperitoneal (IP) and per oral (PO) routes, with the intravenous (IV) route in normal tissues and tumors of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS CRL-1642 (ATCC, Lewis lung carcinoma) cells were inoculated in female BALB/c-nu/nu mice 6 to 10 weeks old. When the tumor grew to about 9 mm in diameter, positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed after FDG administration via the RO, IP, PO or IV route. Additional serial PET scans were performed using the RO, IV or IP route alternatively from 5 to 29 days after the tumor cell injection. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the FDG uptake in normal tissues at 60 min after FDG administration via RO, IP and IV routes. PO administration, however, showed delayed distribution and unwanted high gastrointestinal uptake. Tumoral uptake of FDG showed a similar temporal pattern and increased until 60 min after FDG administration in the RO, IP and IV injection groups. In the PO administration group, tumoral uptake was delayed and reduced. There was no statistical difference among the RO, IP and IV administration groups for additional serial PET scans. CONCLUSION RO administration is an effective alternative route to IV administration for mouse FDG PET scans using normal mice and tumor models. In addition, IP administration can be a practical alternative in the late phase, although the initial uptake is lower than those in the IV and RO groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulhan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769 South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Seo-Il Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Young Sang Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Se Hun Kang
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769 South Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769 South Korea ; Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769 South Korea ; Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea
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