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Sherva R, Gross A, Mukherjee S, Koesterer R, Amouyel P, Bellenguez C, Dufouil C, Bennett DA, Chibnik L, Cruchaga C, del-Aguila J, Farrer LA, Mayeux R, Munsie L, Winslow A, Newhouse S, Saykin AJ, Kauwe JS, Crane PK, Green RC. Genome-wide association study of rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients identifies novel genes and pathways. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1134-1145. [PMID: 32573913 PMCID: PMC7924136 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variability exists in the disease trajectories of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We performed a genome-wide association study to examine rate of cognitive decline (ROD) in patients with AD. METHODS We tested for interactions between genetic variants and time since diagnosis to predict the ROD of a composite cognitive score in 3946 AD cases and performed pathway analysis on the top genes. RESULTS Suggestive associations (P < 1.0 × 10-6 ) were observed on chromosome 15 in DNA polymerase-γ (rs3176205, P = 1.11 × 10-7 ), chromosome 7 (rs60465337,P = 4.06 × 10-7 ) in contactin-associated protein-2, in RP11-384F7.1 on chromosome 3 (rs28853947, P = 5.93 × 10-7 ), family with sequence similarity 214 member-A on chromosome 15 (rs2899492, P = 5.94 × 10-7 ), and intergenic regions on chromosomes 16 (rs4949142, P = 4.02 × 10-7 ) and 4 (rs1304013, P = 7.73 × 10-7 ). Significant pathways involving neuronal development and function, apoptosis, memory, and inflammation were identified. DISCUSSION Pathways related to AD, intelligence, and neurological function determine AD progression, while previously identified AD risk variants, including the apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 and ε2 variants, do not have a major impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., E-200, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alden Gross
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St, Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shubhabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Ryan Koesterer
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Inserm UMR-1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245 - 59019 LILLE cedex, FRANCE,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Celine Bellenguez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Inserm UMR-1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245 - 59019 LILLE cedex, FRANCE,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- Inserm Unit 1219 Bordeaux Population Health, CIC 1401-EC (Clinical Epidemiology), University of Bordeaux, ISPED (Bordeaux School of Public Health), Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lori Chibnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Office 9607, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,NeuroGenomics and Informatics. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Jorge del-Aguila
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Office 9607, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,NeuroGenomics and Informatics. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., E-200, Boston, MA 02118, USA,Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leanne Munsie
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Ashley Winslow
- Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK,Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK;,dd Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK;,The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Health Neuroscience Center, Suite 4100, 355 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John S.K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 105 FPH, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Paul K. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, EC Alumnae Building, Suite 301, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Pillay L, Newhouse S, Effing T, Aiyappan V. CLINICAL UTILITY OF POST PROCEDURE CHEST RADIOGRAPH (CXR) AFTER ULTRASOUND ASSISTED PLEURAL PROCEDURE. Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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3
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Traylor M, Knevel R, Cui J, Taylor J, Harm-Jan W, Conaghan PG, Cope AP, Curtis C, Emery P, Newhouse S, Patel H, Steer S, Gregersen P, Shadick NA, Weinblatt ME, Van Der Helm-van Mil A, Barrett JH, Morgan AW, Lewis CM, Scott IC. Genetic associations with radiological damage in rheumatoid arthritis: Meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies of 2,775 cases. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223246. [PMID: 31596875 PMCID: PMC6785117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of radiological damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have used candidate-gene approaches, or evaluated single genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We undertook the first meta-analysis of GWAS of RA radiological damage to: (1) identify novel genetic loci for this trait; and (2) test previously validated variants. METHODS Seven GWAS (2,775 RA cases, of a range of ancestries) were combined in a meta-analysis. Radiological damage was assessed using modified Larsen scores, Sharp van Der Heijde scores, and erosive status. Single nucleotide polymophsim (SNP) associations with radiological damage were tested at a single time-point using regression models. Primary analyses included age and disease duration as covariates. Secondary analyses also included rheumatoid factor (RF). Meta-analyses were undertaken in trans-ethnic and European-only cases. RESULTS In the trans-ethnic primary meta-analysis, one SNP (rs112112734) in close proximity to HLA-DRB1, and strong linkage disequilibrium with the shared-epitope, attained genome-wide significance (P = 4.2x10-8). In the secondary analysis (adjusting for RF) the association was less significant (P = 1.7x10-6). In both trans-ethnic primary and secondary meta-analyses 14 regions contained SNPs with associations reaching P<5x10-6; in the European primary and secondary analyses 13 and 10 regions contained SNPs reaching P<5x10-6, respectively. Of the previously validated SNPs for radiological progression, only rs660895 (tagging HLA-DRB1*04:01) attained significance (P = 1.6x10-5) and had a consistent direction of effect across GWAS. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis confirms the known association between the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and RA radiological damage. The lack of replication of previously validated non-HLA markers highlights a requirement for further research to deliver clinically-useful prognostic genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Traylor
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Stroke Research Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Knevel
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Raychaudhuri Lab, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Broad institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Rheumatology C1-R, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Cui
- Division of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy Brigham & Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - John Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, Worsley Building Level 11 (LIDA), Clarendon Way, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Westra Harm-Jan
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Raychaudhuri Lab, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Broad institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Philip G. Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Curtis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hamel Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Steer
- Department of Rheumatology, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gregersen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Shadick
- Division of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy Brigham & Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Weinblatt
- Division of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy Brigham & Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer H. Barrett
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ann W. Morgan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C. Scott
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
- Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Haywood Hospital, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, High Lane, Burslem, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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4
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Fabbri C, Tansey KE, Perlis RH, Hauser J, Henigsberg N, Maier W, Mors O, Placentino A, Rietschel M, Souery D, Breen G, Curtis C, Lee SH, Newhouse S, Patel H, O'Donovan M, Lewis G, Jenkins G, Weinshilboum RM, Farmer A, Aitchison KJ, Craig I, McGuffin P, Schruers K, Biernacka JM, Uher R, Lewis CM. Effect of cytochrome CYP2C19 metabolizing activity on antidepressant response and side effects: Meta-analysis of data from genome-wide association studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:945-954. [PMID: 30135031 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes have a primary role in antidepressant metabolism and variants in these polymorphic genes are targets for pharmacogenetic investigation. This is the first meta-analysis to investigate how CYP2C19 polymorphisms predict citalopram/escitalopram efficacy and side effects. CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes comprise poor metabolizers (PM), intermediate and intermediate+ metabolizers (IM; IM+), extensive and extensive+ metabolizers (EM [wild type]; EM+) and ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM) defined by the two most common CYP2C19 functional polymorphisms (rs4244285 and rs12248560) in Caucasians. These polymorphisms were genotyped or imputed from genome-wide data in four samples treated with citalopram or escitalopram (GENDEP, STAR*D, GenPod, PGRN-AMPS). Treatment efficacy was assessed by standardized percentage symptom improvement and by remission. Side effect data were available at weeks 2-4, 6 and 9 in three samples. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed using EM as the reference group. Analysis of 2558 patients for efficacy and 2037 patients for side effects showed that PMs had higher symptom improvement (SMD = 0.43, CI = 0.19-0.66) and higher remission rates (OR = 1.55, CI = 1.23-1.96) compared to EMs. At weeks 2-4, PMs showed higher risk of gastro-intestinal (OR = 1.26, CI = 1.08-1.47), neurological (OR = 1.28, CI = 1.07-1.53) and sexual side effects (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.23-1.87; week 6 values were similar). No difference was seen at week 9 or in total side effect burden. PMs did not have higher risk of dropout at week 4 compared to EMs. Antidepressant dose was not different among CYP2C19 groups. CYP2C19 polymorphisms may provide helpful information for guiding citalopram/escitalopram treatment, despite PMs being relatively rare among Caucasians (∼2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | - Katherine E Tansey
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Neven Henigsberg
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ole Mors
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Anna Placentino
- Biological Psychiatry Unit and Dual Diagnosis Ward, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Souery
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel-Centre Européen de Psychologie Médicale, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | - Charles Curtis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | - Hamel Patel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Jenkins
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anne Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Craig
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | - Peter McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom
| | - Koen Schruers
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, De De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill United Kingdom.
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5
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Zabaneh D, Krapohl E, Gaspar HA, Curtis C, Lee SH, Patel H, Newhouse S, Wu HM, Simpson MA, Putallaz M, Lubinski D, Plomin R, Breen G. A genome-wide association study for extremely high intelligence. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1226-1232. [PMID: 29731509 PMCID: PMC5987166 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We used a case-control genome-wide association (GWA) design with cases consisting of 1238 individuals from the top 0.0003 (~170 mean IQ) of the population distribution of intelligence and 8172 unselected population-based controls. The single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability for the extreme IQ trait was 0.33 (0.02), which is the highest so far for a cognitive phenotype, and significant genome-wide genetic correlations of 0.78 were observed with educational attainment and 0.86 with population IQ. Three variants in locus ADAM12 achieved genome-wide significance, although they did not replicate with published GWA analyses of normal-range IQ or educational attainment. A genome-wide polygenic score constructed from the GWA results accounted for 1.6% of the variance of intelligence in the normal range in an unselected sample of 3414 individuals, which is comparable to the variance explained by GWA studies of intelligence with substantially larger sample sizes. The gene family plexins, members of which are mutated in several monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders, was significantly enriched for associations with high IQ. This study shows the utility of extreme trait selection for genetic study of intelligence and suggests that extremely high intelligence is continuous genetically with normal-range intelligence in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zabaneh
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - E Krapohl
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - H A Gaspar
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for
Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London,
UK
| | - C Curtis
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for
Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London,
UK
| | - S H Lee
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for
Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London,
UK
| | - H Patel
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for
Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London,
UK
| | - S Newhouse
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for
Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London,
UK
| | - H M Wu
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - M A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular
Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy’s Hospital,
London, UK
| | - M Putallaz
- Duke University Talent Identification
Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Lubinski
- Department of Psychology and Human
Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,
USA
| | - R Plomin
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - G Breen
- King’s College London, MRC Social,
Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
and Neuroscience, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for
Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London,
UK,King's College London, MRC Social Genetic and
Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, London
SE5 8AF, UK. E-mail:
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6
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Krapohl E, Patel H, Newhouse S, Curtis CJ, von Stumm S, Dale PS, Zabaneh D, Breen G, O'Reilly PF, Plomin R. Multi-polygenic score approach to trait prediction. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1368-1374. [PMID: 28785111 PMCID: PMC5681246 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A primary goal of polygenic scores, which aggregate the effects of thousands of trait-associated DNA variants discovered in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), is to estimate individual-specific genetic propensities and predict outcomes. This is typically achieved using a single polygenic score, but here we use a multi-polygenic score (MPS) approach to increase predictive power by exploiting the joint power of multiple discovery GWASs, without assumptions about the relationships among predictors. We used summary statistics of 81 well-powered GWASs of cognitive, medical and anthropometric traits to predict three core developmental outcomes in our independent target sample: educational achievement, body mass index (BMI) and general cognitive ability. We used regularized regression with repeated cross-validation to select from and estimate contributions of 81 polygenic scores in a UK representative sample of 6710 unrelated adolescents. The MPS approach predicted 10.9% variance in educational achievement, 4.8% in general cognitive ability and 5.4% in BMI in an independent test set, predicting 1.1%, 1.1%, and 1.6% more variance than the best single-score predictions. As other relevant GWA analyses are reported, they can be incorporated in MPS models to maximize phenotype prediction. The MPS approach should be useful in research with modest sample sizes to investigate developmental, multivariate and gene-environment interplay issues and, eventually, in clinical settings to predict and prevent problems using personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Krapohl
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - H Patel
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - S Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - C J Curtis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - S von Stumm
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, New Cross, London, UK
| | - P S Dale
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D Zabaneh
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - G Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - P F O'Reilly
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - R Plomin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Traylor M, Curtis C, Patel H, Breen G, Hyuck Lee S, Xu X, Newhouse S, Dobson R, Steer S, Cope AP, Markus HS, Lewis CM, Scott IC. Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis in a UK African ancestry population: the GENRA case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1282-1292. [PMID: 28407095 PMCID: PMC5638023 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate whether genetic and environmental factors associated with RA in European and Asian ancestry populations are also associated with RA in African ancestry individuals. Methods A case-control study was undertaken in 197 RA cases and 868 controls of African ancestry (Black African, Black Caribbean or Black British ethnicity) from South London. Smoking and alcohol consumption data at RA diagnosis was captured. Genotyping was undertaken (Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles imputed. The following European/Asian RA susceptibility factors were tested: 99 genome-wide loci combined into a genetic risk score; HLA region [20 haplotypes; shared epitope (SE)]; smoking; and alcohol consumption. The SE was tested for its association with radiological erosions. Logistic regression models were used, including ancestry-informative principal components, to control for admixture. Results European/Asian susceptibility loci were associated with RA in African ancestry individuals. The genetic risk score provided an odds ratio (OR) for RA of 1.53 (95% CI: 1.31, 1.79; P = 1.3 × 10 - 7 ). HLA haplotype ORs in European and African ancestry individuals were highly correlated ( r = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94; P = 1.1 × 10 - 4 ). Ever-smoking increased (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.46, 3.82; P = 4.6 × 10 - 4 ) and drinking alcohol reduced (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.56; P = 2.7 × 10 - 5 ) RA risk in African ancestry individuals. The SE was associated with erosions (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.36, 5.01; P = 3.9 × 10 - 3 ). Conclusion Gene-environment RA risk factors identified in European/Asian ancestry populations are relevant in African ancestry individuals. As modern statistical methods facilitate analysing ancestrally diverse populations, future genetic studies should incorporate African ancestry individuals to ensure their implications for precision medicine are universally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Traylor
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London
| | - Charles Curtis
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Hamel Patel
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Gerome Breen
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Richard Dobson
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Sophia Steer
- Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, King's College London, London
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London.,SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Ian C Scott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London.,Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, King's College London, London.,Department of Rheumatology, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, UK.,Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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8
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Baker E, Iqbal E, Johnston C, Broadbent M, Shetty H, Stewart R, Howard R, Newhouse S, Khondoker M, Dobson RJB. Trajectories of dementia-related cognitive decline in a large mental health records derived patient cohort. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178562. [PMID: 28591196 PMCID: PMC5462385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modeling trajectories of decline can help describe the variability in progression of cognitive impairment in dementia. Better characterisation of these trajectories has significant implications for understanding disease progression, trial design and care planning. METHODS Patients with at least three Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores recorded in the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Electronic Health Records, UK were selected (N = 3441) to form a retrospective cohort. Trajectories of cognitive decline were identified through latent class growth analysis of longitudinal MMSE scores. Demographics, Health of Nation Outcome Scales and medications were compared across trajectories identified. RESULTS Four of the six trajectories showed increased rate of decline with lower baseline MMSE. Two trajectories had similar initial MMSE scores but different rates of decline. In the faster declining trajectory of the two, a higher incidence of both behavioral problems and sertraline prescription were present. CONCLUSIONS We find suggestive evidence for association of behavioral problems and sertraline prescription with rate of decline. Further work is needed to determine whether trajectories replicate in other datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Baker
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ehtesham Iqbal
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Johnston
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research for mental health and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudlsey NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Broadbent
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research for mental health and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudlsey NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hitesh Shetty
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research for mental health and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudlsey NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mizanur Khondoker
- Department of Population Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. B. Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research for mental health and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudlsey NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Altimiras F, Uszczynska-Ratajczak B, Camara F, Vlasova A, Palumbo E, Newhouse S, Deacon RMJ, Farias LAE, Hurley MJ, Loyola DE, Vásquez RA, Dobson R, Guigó R, Cogram P. Brain Transcriptome Sequencing of a Natural Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:64. [PMID: 28373841 PMCID: PMC5357652 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Altimiras
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiago, Chile; Telefonica Research and DevelopmentSantiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Uszczynska-Ratajczak
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Camara
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vlasova
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Palumbo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Robert M J Deacon
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina; GeN.DDI LtdLondon, UK
| | - Leandro A E Farias
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Hurley
- Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, UK
| | - David E Loyola
- National Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Vásquez
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Cogram
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina; GeN.DDI LtdLondon, UK
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Traylor M, Rutten-Jacobs L, Curtis C, Patel H, Breen G, Newhouse S, Lewis CM, Markus HS. Genetics of stroke in a UK African ancestry case-control study: South London Ethnicity and Stroke Study. Neurol Genet 2017; 3:e142. [PMID: 28349126 PMCID: PMC5354108 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Despite epidemiologic data showing an increased stroke incidence in African ancestry populations, genetic studies in this group have so far been limited, and there has been little characterization of the genetic contribution to stroke liability in this population, particularly for stroke subtypes. Methods: We evaluated the evidence that genetic factors contribute to stroke and stroke subtypes in a population of 917 African and African Caribbean stroke cases and 868 matched controls from London, United Kingdom. We (1) estimated the heritability of stroke in this population using genomic-relatedness matrix-restricted maximum likelihood approaches, (2) assessed loci associated with stroke in Europeans in our population, and (3) evaluated the influence of genetic factors underlying cardiovascular risk factors on stroke using polygenic risk scoring. Results: Our results indicate a substantial genetic contribution to stroke risk in African ancestry populations (h2 = 0.35 [SE = 0.19], p = 0.043). Polygenic risk scores indicate that cardiovascular risk scores contribute to the genetic liability (odds ratio [OR] 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.17], p = 0.029) and point to a strong influence of type 2 diabetes in large vessel stroke (OR 1.62 [95% CI 1.19–2.22], p = 0.0024). Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ischemic stroke in Europeans shared direction of effect in SLESS (p = 0.031), suggesting that disease mechanisms are shared across ancestries. Conclusions: Stroke in African ancestry populations is highly heritable and influenced by genetic determinants underlying cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, stroke loci identified in Europeans share direction of effect in African populations. Future genome-wide association studies must focus on incorporating African ancestry individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Traylor
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (M.T., C.M.L.), King's College London, Guy's Hospital; Stroke Research Group (M.T., L.R.-J., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus; and SGDP Centre (C.C., H.P., G.B., S.N., C.M.L.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Loes Rutten-Jacobs
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (M.T., C.M.L.), King's College London, Guy's Hospital; Stroke Research Group (M.T., L.R.-J., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus; and SGDP Centre (C.C., H.P., G.B., S.N., C.M.L.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Charles Curtis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (M.T., C.M.L.), King's College London, Guy's Hospital; Stroke Research Group (M.T., L.R.-J., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus; and SGDP Centre (C.C., H.P., G.B., S.N., C.M.L.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Hamel Patel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (M.T., C.M.L.), King's College London, Guy's Hospital; Stroke Research Group (M.T., L.R.-J., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus; and SGDP Centre (C.C., H.P., G.B., S.N., C.M.L.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (M.T., C.M.L.), King's College London, Guy's Hospital; Stroke Research Group (M.T., L.R.-J., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus; and SGDP Centre (C.C., H.P., G.B., S.N., C.M.L.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (M.T., C.M.L.), King's College London, Guy's Hospital; Stroke Research Group (M.T., L.R.-J., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus; and SGDP Centre (C.C., H.P., G.B., S.N., C.M.L.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (M.T., C.M.L.), King's College London, Guy's Hospital; Stroke Research Group (M.T., L.R.-J., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus; and SGDP Centre (C.C., H.P., G.B., S.N., C.M.L.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (M.T., C.M.L.), King's College London, Guy's Hospital; Stroke Research Group (M.T., L.R.-J., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus; and SGDP Centre (C.C., H.P., G.B., S.N., C.M.L.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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11
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Vassos E, Di Forti M, Coleman J, Iyegbe C, Prata D, Euesden J, O'Reilly P, Curtis C, Kolliakou A, Patel H, Newhouse S, Traylor M, Ajnakina O, Mondelli V, Marques TR, Gardner-Sood P, Aitchison KJ, Powell J, Atakan Z, Greenwood KE, Smith S, Ismail K, Pariante C, Gaughran F, Dazzan P, Markus HS, David AS, Lewis CM, Murray RM, Breen G. An Examination of Polygenic Score Risk Prediction in Individuals With First-Episode Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:470-477. [PMID: 27765268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have successfully summarized genome-wide effects of genetic variants in schizophrenia with significant predictive power. In a clinical sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, we estimated the ability of PRSs to discriminate case-control status and to predict the development of schizophrenia as opposed to other psychoses. METHODS The sample (445 case and 265 control subjects) was genotyped on the Illumina HumanCore Exome BeadChip with an additional 828 control subjects of African ancestry genotyped on the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array. To calculate PRSs, we used the results from the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium schizophrenia meta-analysis. We examined the association of PRSs with case-control status and with schizophrenia versus other psychoses in European and African ancestry FEP patients and in a second sample of 248 case subjects with chronic psychosis. RESULTS PRS had good discriminative ability of case-control status in FEP European ancestry individuals (9.4% of the variance explained, p < 10-6), but lower in individuals of African ancestry (R2 = 1.1%, p = .004). Furthermore, PRS distinguished European ancestry case subjects who went on to acquire a schizophrenia diagnosis from those who developed other psychotic disorders (R2 = 9.2%, p = .002). CONCLUSIONS PRS was a powerful predictor of case-control status in a European sample of patients with FEP, even though a large proportion did not have an established diagnosis of schizophrenia at the time of assessment. PRS was significantly different between those case subjects who developed schizophrenia from those who did not, although the discriminative accuracy may not yet be sufficient for clinical utility in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Vassos
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Coleman
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Prata
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jack Euesden
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul O'Reilly
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Curtis
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kolliakou
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hamel Patel
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Poonam Gardner-Sood
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine J Aitchison
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Powell
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zerrin Atakan
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Greenwood
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton and Sussex Partnership National Health Service Foundation Trust, West Sussex
| | - Shubulade Smith
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London; United Kingdom
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine Pariante
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S David
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M Murray
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lunnon K, Keohane A, Pidsley R, Newhouse S, Riddoch-Contreras J, Thubron EB, Devall M, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Schalkwyk L, Dobson R, Malik AN, Powell J, Lovestone S, Hodges A. Mitochondrial genes are altered in blood early in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 53:36-47. [PMID: 28208064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is a consistent feature of Alzheimer's disease in the brain and blood, the molecular mechanisms behind these phenomena are unknown. Here we have replicated our previous findings demonstrating reduced expression of nuclear-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits and subunits required for the translation of mitochondrial-encoded OXPHOS genes in blood from people with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Interestingly this was accompanied by increased expression of some mitochondrial-encoded OXPHOS genes, namely those residing closest to the transcription start site of the polycistronic heavy chain mitochondrial transcript (MT-ND1, MT-ND2, MT-ATP6, MT-CO1, MT-CO2, MT-C03) and MT-ND6 transcribed from the light chain. Further we show that mitochondrial DNA copy number was unchanged suggesting no change in steady-state numbers of mitochondria. We suggest that an imbalance in nuclear and mitochondrial genome-encoded OXPHOS transcripts may drive a negative feedback loop reducing mitochondrial translation and compromising OXPHOS efficiency, which is likely to generate damaging reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lunnon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Aoife Keohane
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Pidsley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth B Thubron
- Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Devall
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Hikka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Leonard Schalkwyk
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Voyle N, Patel H, Folarin A, Newhouse S, Johnston C, Visser PJ, Dobson RJ, Kiddle SJ. Genetic Risk as a Marker of Amyloid-β and Tau Burden in Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 55:1417-1427. [PMID: 27834776 PMCID: PMC5181674 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology (amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau) is ongoing, with the best markers currently being measurements of Aβ and tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and via positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. These methods are relatively invasive, costly, and often have high screening failure rates. Consequently, research is aiming to elucidate blood biomarkers of Aβ and tau. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate a case/control polygenic risk score (PGRS) as a marker of tau and investigate blood markers of a combined Aβ and tau outcome for the first time. A sub-study also considers plasma tau as markers of Aβ and tau pathology in CSF. METHODS We used data from the EDAR*, DESCRIPA**, and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohorts in a logistic regression analysis to investigate blood markers of Aβ and tau in CSF. In particular, we investigated the extent to which a case/control PGRS is predictive of CSF tau, CSF amyloid, and a combined amyloid and tau outcome. The predictive ability of models was compared to that of age, gender, and APOE genotype ('basic model'). RESULTS In EDAR and DESCRIPA test data, inclusion of a case/control PGRS was no more predictive of Aβ, and a combined Aβ and tau endpoint than the basic models (accuracies of 66.0%, and 73.3% respectively). The tau model saw a small increase in accuracy compared to basic models (59.6%). ADNI 2 test data also showed a slight increase in accuracy for the Aβ model when compared to the basic models (61.4%). CONCLUSION We see some evidence that a case/control PGRS is marginally more predictive of Aβ and tau pathology than the basic models. The search for predictive factors of Aβ and tau pathologies, above and beyond demographic information, is still ongoing. Better understanding of AD risk alleles, development of more sensitive assays, and studies of larger sample size are three avenues that may provide such factors. However, the clinical utility of possible predictors of brain Aβ and tau pathologies must also be investigated.*'Beta amyloid oligomers in the early diagnosis of AD and as marker for treatment response'**'Development of screening guidelines and criteria for pre-dementia Alzheimer's disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Voyle
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hamel Patel
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Amos Folarin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Johnston
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard J.B. Dobson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steven J. Kiddle
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Voyle N, Keohane A, Newhouse S, Lunnon K, Johnston C, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Lovestone S, Hodges A, Kiddle S, Dobson RJ. A Pathway Based Classification Method for Analyzing Gene Expression for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:659-69. [PMID: 26484910 PMCID: PMC4927941 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies indicate that gene expression levels in blood may be able to differentiate subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from normal elderly controls and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) subjects. However, there is limited replicability at the single marker level. A pathway-based interpretation of gene expression may prove more robust. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether a case/control classification model built on pathway level data was more robust than a gene level model and may consequently perform better in test data. The study used two batches of gene expression data from the AddNeuroMed (ANM) and Dementia Case Registry (DCR) cohorts. Methods: Our study used Illumina Human HT-12 Expression BeadChips to collect gene expression from blood samples. Random forest modeling with recursive feature elimination was used to predict case/control status. Age and APOE ɛ4 status were used as covariates for all analysis. Results: Gene and pathway level models performed similarly to each other and to a model based on demographic information only. Conclusions: Any potential increase in concordance from the novel pathway level approach used here has not lead to a greater predictive ability in these datasets. However, we have only tested one method for creating pathway level scores. Further, we have been able to benchmark pathways against genes in datasets that had been extensively harmonized. Further work should focus on the use of alternative methods for creating pathway level scores, in particular those that incorporate pathway topology, and the use of an endophenotype based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Voyle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aoife Keohane
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | | | - Caroline Johnston
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Pyschiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Kiddle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Jb Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
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15
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Coleman JRI, Euesden J, Patel H, Folarin AA, Newhouse S, Breen G. Quality control, imputation and analysis of genome-wide genotyping data from the Illumina HumanCoreExome microarray. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 15:298-304. [PMID: 26443613 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The decreasing cost of performing genome-wide association studies has made genomics widely accessible. However, there is a paucity of guidance for best practice in conducting such analyses. For the results of a study to be valid and replicable, multiple biases must be addressed in the course of data preparation and analysis. In addition, standardizing methods across small, independent studies would increase comparability and the potential for effective meta-analysis. This article provides a discussion of important aspects of quality control, imputation and analysis of genome-wide data from a low-coverage microarray, as well as a straight-forward guide to performing a genome-wide association study. A detailed protocol is provided online, with example scripts available at https://github.com/JoniColeman/gwas_scripts.
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16
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Chiam JTW, Lunnon K, Voyle N, Proitsi P, Coppola G, Geschwind D, Nelson S, Johnston C, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Hodges A, Lovestone S, Newhouse S, Dobson RJB, Kiddle SJ, Sattlecker M. No Evidence to Suggest that the Use of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Confounds the Results of Two Blood-Based Biomarker Studies in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 47:741-50. [PMID: 26401708 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to discover Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers that are both easily measured and reliable. Research into blood-based biomarkers for AD using transcriptomics and proteomics has been an attractive and promising area of research. However, to date researchers have not looked into the possibility of AD medication being a confounding factor in these studies. OBJECTIVE This study explored whether acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), the main class of AD medication, are a confounding factor in AD blood biomarker studies. METHODS The most promising blood transcriptomic and proteomic biomarkers from two recent studies were analyzed to determine if they were differentially expressed between AD subjects on AChEIs and subjects that were not. RESULTS None of the gene or protein biomarkers analyzed were found to be significantly altered between subjects in either group. CONCLUSION This study found no evidence that AChEIs are a confounding factor in these published AD blood biomarker studies. Further work is needed to confirm that this is also the case for other proposed biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tao Wen Chiam
- Guy's, King's and St Thomas School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Lunnon
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Nicola Voyle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, Programme in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Programme in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Caroline Johnston
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research, London, UK
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, "G. Papanicolaou" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research, London, UK
| | - Richard James Butler Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research, London, UK
| | - Steven John Kiddle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Sattlecker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research, London, UK
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17
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Khan W, Aguilar C, Kiddle SJ, Doyle O, Thambisetty M, Muehlboeck S, Sattlecker M, Newhouse S, Lovestone S, Dobson R, Giampietro V, Westman E, Simmons A. A Subset of Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins from a Multi-Analyte Panel Associated with Brain Atrophy, Disease Classification and Prediction in Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134368. [PMID: 26284520 PMCID: PMC4540455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this exploratory neuroimaging-proteomic study, we aimed to identify CSF proteins associated with AD and test their prognostic ability for disease classification and MCI to AD conversion prediction. Our study sample consisted of 295 subjects with CSF multi-analyte panel data and MRI at baseline downloaded from ADNI. Firstly, we tested the statistical effects of CSF proteins (n = 83) to measures of brain atrophy, CSF biomarkers, ApoE genotype and cognitive decline. We found that several proteins (primarily CgA and FABP) were related to either brain atrophy or CSF biomarkers. In relation to ApoE genotype, a unique biochemical profile characterised by low CSF levels of Apo E was evident in ε4 carriers compared to ε3 carriers. In an exploratory analysis, 3/83 proteins (SGOT, MCP-1, IL6r) were also found to be mildly associated with cognitive decline in MCI subjects over a 4-year period. Future studies are warranted to establish the validity of these proteins as prognostic factors for cognitive decline. For disease classification, a subset of proteins (n = 24) combined with MRI measurements and CSF biomarkers achieved an accuracy of 95.1% (Sensitivity 87.7%; Specificity 94.3%; AUC 0.95) and accurately detected 94.1% of MCI subjects progressing to AD at 12 months. The subset of proteins included FABP, CgA, MMP-2, and PPP as strong predictors in the model. Our findings suggest that the marker of panel of proteins identified here may be important candidates for improving the earlier detection of AD. Further targeted proteomic and longitudinal studies would be required to validate these findings with more generalisability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Khan
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven J. Kiddle
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orla Doyle
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Laboratory of Behavioural Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Muehlboeck
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Sattlecker
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Dobson
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Westman
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew Simmons
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Proitsi P, Min K, Whiley L, Newhouse S, Johnston C, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Sham P, Lovestone S, Powell JF, Quigley CL, Dobson RJ. O4‐05‐05: Genetic influences on metabolite levels in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Min
- King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Istituto di Gerontologia e Geriatria, Università degli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | | | - Pak Sham
- University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
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19
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Kiddle SJ, Steves CJ, Mehta M, Simmons A, Xu X, Newhouse S, Sattlecker M, Ashton NJ, Bazenet C, Killick R, Adnan J, Westman E, Nelson S, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Curtis C, Breen G, Williams SCR, Lovestone S, Spector TD, Dobson RJB. Plasma protein biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease endophenotypes in asymptomatic older twins: early cognitive decline and regional brain volumes. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e584. [PMID: 26080319 PMCID: PMC4490288 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in blood-based markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially in its pre-symptomatic stages. Therefore, we aimed to identify plasma proteins whose levels associate with potential markers of pre-symptomatic AD. We also aimed to characterise confounding by genetics and the effect of genetics on blood proteins in general. Panel-based proteomics was performed using SOMAscan on plasma samples from TwinsUK subjects who are asymptomatic for AD, measuring the level of 1129 proteins. Protein levels were compared with 10-year change in CANTAB-paired associates learning (PAL; n = 195), and regional brain volumes (n = 34). Replication of proteins associated with regional brain volumes was performed in 254 individuals from the AddNeuroMed cohort. Across all the proteins measured, genetic factors were found to explain ~26% of the variability in blood protein levels on average. The plasma level of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) MAPKAPK5 protein was found to positively associate with the 10-year change in CANTAB-PAL in both the individual and twin difference context. The plasma level of protein MAP2K4 was found to suggestively associate negatively (Q < 0.1) with the volume of the left entorhinal cortex. Future studies will be needed to assess the specificity of MAPKAPK5 and MAP2K4 to eventual conversion to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kiddle
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Box P092, SGDP Building, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. E-mail: or
| | - C J Steves
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mehta
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Simmons
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - X Xu
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - S Newhouse
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - M Sattlecker
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - N J Ashton
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Bazenet
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Killick
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Adnan
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - H Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine – Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Kloszewska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - P Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - B Vellas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, INSERM University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Curtis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - G Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - S C R Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - T D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R J B Dobson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Box P092, SGDP Building, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. E-mail: or
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20
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Khondoker M, Newhouse S, Westman E, Muehlboeck JS, Mecocci P, Vellas B, Tsolaki M, Kłoszewska I, Soininen H, Lovestone S, Dobson R, Simmons A. Linking Genetics of Brain Changes to Alzheimer's Disease: Sparse Whole Genome Association Scan of Regional MRI Volumes in the ADNI and AddNeuroMed Cohorts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 45:851-64. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-142214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizanur Khondoker
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Biostatistics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Biostatistics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Westman
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- Departments of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-Sebastian Muehlboeck
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- Departments of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Dobson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit Dementia, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Simmons
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit Dementia, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Proitsi P, Lupton MK, Velayudhan L, Hunter G, Newhouse S, Lin K, Fogh I, Tsolaki M, Daniilidou M, Pritchard M, Craig D, Todd S, Johnston JA, McGuinness B, Kloszewska I, Soininen H, Mecocci P, Vellas B, Passmore PA, Sims R, Williams J, Brayne C, Stewart R, Sham P, Lovestone S, Powell JF. Alleles that increase risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus are not associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2883.e3-2883.e10. [PMID: 25150574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the biological basis of this relationship is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic comorbidity between the 2 disorders and to investigate whether genetic liability to T2DM, estimated by a genotype risk scores based on T2DM associated loci, is associated with increased risk of LOAD. This study was performed in 2 stages. In stage 1, we combined genotypes for the top 15 T2DM-associated polymorphisms drawn from approximately 3000 individuals (1349 cases and 1351 control subjects) with extracted and/or imputed data from 6 genome-wide studies (>10,000 individuals; 4507 cases, 2183 controls, 4989 population controls) to form a genotype risk score and examined if this was associated with increased LOAD risk in a combined meta-analysis. In stage 2, we investigated the association of LOAD with an expanded T2DM score made of 45 well-established variants drawn from the 6 genome-wide studies. Results were combined in a meta-analysis. Both stage 1 and stage 2 T2DM risk scores were not associated with LOAD risk (odds ratio = 0.988; 95% confidence interval, 0.972-1.004; p = 0.144 and odds ratio = 0.993; 95% confidence interval, 0.983-1.003; p = 0.149 per allele, respectively). Contrary to expectation, genotype risk scores based on established T2DM candidates were not associated with increased risk of LOAD. The observed epidemiological associations between T2DM and LOAD could therefore be a consequence of secondary disease processes, pleiotropic mechanisms, and/or common environmental risk factors. Future work should focus on well-characterized longitudinal cohorts with extensive phenotypic and genetic data relevant to both LOAD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petroula Proitsi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Gillian Hunter
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Isabella Fogh
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Memory and Dementia Centre, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Megan Pritchard
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - David Craig
- Ageing group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen Todd
- Ageing group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Janet A Johnston
- Ageing group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Ageing group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry & Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Internal and Geriatrics Medicine, INSERM U 1027, Gerontopole, Hôpitaux de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Peter A Passmore
- Ageing group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rebecca Sims
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julie Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Pak Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Lovestone
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - John F Powell
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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22
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Gross AL, Sherva R, Mukherjee S, Newhouse S, Kauwe JSK, Munsie LM, Waterston LB, Bennett DA, Jones RN, Green RC, Crane PK. Calibrating longitudinal cognition in Alzheimer's disease across diverse test batteries and datasets. Neuroepidemiology 2014; 43:194-205. [PMID: 25402421 PMCID: PMC4297570 DOI: 10.1159/000367970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to identify optimal approaches by calibrating longitudinal cognitive performance across studies with different neuropsychological batteries. METHODS We examined four approaches to calibrate cognitive performance in nine longitudinal studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 10,875): (1) common test, (2) standardize and average available tests, (3) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with continuous indicators, and (4) CFA with categorical indicators. To compare precision, we determined the minimum sample sizes needed to detect 25% cognitive decline with 80% power. To compare criterion validity, we correlated cognitive change from each approach with 6-year changes in average cortical thickness and hippocampal volume using available MRI data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative. RESULTS CFA with categorical indicators required the smallest sample size to detect 25% cognitive decline with 80% power (n = 232) compared to common test (n = 277), standardize-and-average (n = 291), and CFA with continuous indicators (n = 315) approaches. Associations with changes in biomarkers changes were the strongest for CFA with categorical indicators. CONCLUSIONS CFA with categorical indicators demonstrated greater power to detect change and superior criterion validity compared to other approaches. It has wide applicability to directly compare cognitive performance across studies, making it a good way to obtain operational phenotypes for genetic analyses of cognitive decline among people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md., USA
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23
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Proitsi P, Lupton MK, Velayudhan L, Newhouse S, Fogh I, Tsolaki M, Daniilidou M, Pritchard M, Kloszewska I, Soininen H, Mecocci P, Vellas B, Williams J, Stewart R, Sham P, Lovestone S, Powell JF. Genetic predisposition to increased blood cholesterol and triglyceride lipid levels and risk of Alzheimer disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001713. [PMID: 25226301 PMCID: PMC4165594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although altered lipid metabolism has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) through cell biological, epidemiological, and genetic studies, the molecular mechanisms linking cholesterol and AD pathology are still not well understood and contradictory results have been reported. We have used a Mendelian randomization approach to dissect the causal nature of the association between circulating lipid levels and late onset AD (LOAD) and test the hypothesis that genetically raised lipid levels increase the risk of LOAD. METHODS AND FINDINGS We included 3,914 patients with LOAD, 1,675 older individuals without LOAD, and 4,989 individuals from the general population from six genome wide studies drawn from a white population (total n=10,578). We constructed weighted genotype risk scores (GRSs) for four blood lipid phenotypes (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], triglycerides, and total cholesterol) using well-established SNPs in 157 loci for blood lipids reported by Willer and colleagues (2013). Both full GRSs using all SNPs associated with each trait at p<5×10-8 and trait specific scores using SNPs associated exclusively with each trait at p<5 × 10-8 were developed. We used logistic regression to investigate whether the GRSs were associated with LOAD in each study and results were combined together by meta-analysis. We found no association between any of the full GRSs and LOAD (meta-analysis results: odds ratio [OR]=1.005, 95% CI 0.82-1.24, p = 0.962 per 1 unit increase in HDL-c; OR=0.901, 95% CI 0.65-1.25, p=0.530 per 1 unit increase in LDL-c; OR=1.104, 95% CI 0.89-1.37, p=0.362 per 1 unit increase in triglycerides; and OR=0.954, 95% CI 0.76-1.21, p=0.688 per 1 unit increase in total cholesterol). Results for the trait specific scores were similar; however, the trait specific scores explained much smaller phenotypic variance. CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition to increased blood cholesterol and triglyceride lipid levels is not associated with elevated LOAD risk. The observed epidemiological associations between abnormal lipid levels and LOAD risk could therefore be attributed to the result of biological pleiotropy or could be secondary to LOAD. Limitations of this study include the small proportion of lipid variance explained by the GRS, biases in case-control ascertainment, and the limitations implicit to Mendelian randomization studies. Future studies should focus on larger LOAD datasets with longitudinal sampled peripheral lipid measures and other markers of lipid metabolism, which have been shown to be altered in LOAD. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petroula Proitsi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle K. Lupton
- Neuroimaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry for the Elderly, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Fogh
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry for the Elderly, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry for the Elderly, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Pritchard
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry & Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Internal and Geriatrics Medicine, INSERM U 1027, Gerontopole, Hôpitaux de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Julie Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pak Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Lovestone
- University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Powell
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Menni C, Kiddle SJ, Mangino M, Viñuela A, Psatha M, Steves C, Sattlecker M, Buil A, Newhouse S, Nelson S, Williams S, Voyle N, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Lovestone S, Spector TD, Dobson R, Valdes AM. Circulating Proteomic Signatures of Chronological Age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:809-16. [PMID: 25123647 PMCID: PMC4469006 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the proteomic features of aging in plasma, the subproteome targeted by the SOMAscan assay was profiled in blood samples from 202 females from the TwinsUK cohort. Findings were replicated in 677 independent individuals from the AddNeuroMed, Alzheimer’s Research UK, and Dementia Case Registry cohorts. Results were further validated using RNAseq data from whole blood in TwinsUK and the most significant proteins were tested for association with aging-related phenotypes after adjustment for age. Eleven proteins were associated with chronological age and were replicated at protein level in an independent population. These were further investigated at gene expression level in 384 females from the TwinsUK cohort. The two most strongly associated proteins were chordin-like protein 1 (meta-analysis β [SE] = 0.013 [0.001], p = 3.66 × 10−46) and pleiotrophin (0.012 [0.005], p = 3.88 × 10−41). Chordin-like protein 1 was also significantly correlated with birthweight (0.06 [0.02], p = 0.005) and with the individual Framingham 10-years cardiovascular risk scores in TwinsUK (0.71 [0.18], p = 9.9 × 10−5). Pleiotrophin is a secreted growth factor with a plethora of functions in multiple tissues and known to be a marker for cardiovascular risk and osteoporosis. Our study highlights the importance of proteomics to identify some molecular mechanisms involved in human health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London
| | - Steven J Kiddle
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London
| | - Maria Psatha
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London
| | - Claire Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London
| | - Martina Sattlecker
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London
| | | | | | - Nicola Voyle
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology III, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale University of Toulouse, France
| | | | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London
| | - Richard Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London. Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham
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25
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Kiddle SJ, Sattlecker M, Proitsi P, Simmons A, Westman E, Bazenet C, Nelson SK, Williams S, Hodges A, Johnston C, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Newhouse S, Lovestone S, Dobson RJB. Candidate blood proteome markers of Alzheimer's disease onset and progression: a systematic review and replication study. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 38:515-31. [PMID: 24121966 DOI: 10.3233/jad-130380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A blood-based protein biomarker, or set of protein biomarkers, that could predict onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) would have great utility; potentially clinically, but also for clinical trials and especially in the selection of subjects for preventative trials. We reviewed a comprehensive list of 21 published discovery or panel-based (> 100 proteins) blood proteomics studies of AD, which had identified a total of 163 candidate biomarkers. Few putative blood-based protein biomarkers replicate in independent studies but we found that some proteins do appear in multiple studies; for example, four candidate biomarkers are found to associate with AD-related phenotypes in five independent research cohorts in these 21 studies: α-1-antitrypsin, α-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein E, and complement C3. Using SomaLogic's SOMAscan proteomics technology, we were able to conduct a large-scale replication study for 94 of the 163 candidate biomarkers from these 21 published studies in plasma samples from 677 subjects from the AddNeuroMed (ANM) and the Alzheimer's Research UK/Maudsley BRC Dementia Case Registry at King's Health Partners (ARUK/DCR) research cohorts. Nine of the 94 previously reported candidates were found to associate with AD-related phenotypes (False Discovery Rate (FDR) q-value < 0.1). These proteins show sufficient replication to be considered for further investigation as a biomarker set. Overall, we show that there are some signs of a replicable signal in the range of proteins identified in previous studies and we are able to further replicate some of these. This suggests that AD pathology does affect the blood proteome with some consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Kiddle
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
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26
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Lovestone S, Hye A, Dixit A, Gosh A, Bazenet C, Srivastava D, Garrido EMR, Price J, Robbins J, Sattlecker M, Dobson R, Killick R, Kiddle S, Newhouse S. F2‐03‐03: CLUSTERIN AS AN EARLY MEDIATOR OF AB‐INDUCED DISEASE PROCESSES: EVIDENCE FROM MAN. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Hye
- King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jack Price
- King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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27
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Whitfield DR, Vallortigara J, Alghamdi A, Howlett D, Hortobágyi T, Johnson M, Attems J, Newhouse S, Ballard C, Thomas AJ, O'Brien JT, Aarsland D, Francis PT. Assessment of ZnT3 and PSD95 protein levels in Lewy body dementias and Alzheimer's disease: association with cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2836-2844. [PMID: 25104558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The loss of zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) has been implicated in age-related cognitive decline in mice, and the protein has been associated with plaques. We investigated the levels of ZnT3 and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), a marker of the postsynaptic terminal, in people with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD, n = 31), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 44), Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 16), and controls (n = 24), using semiquantitative western blotting and immunohistochemistry in 3 cortical regions. Standardized cognitive assessments during life and semiquantitative scoring of amyloid β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein at postmortem were used to investigate the relationship between ZnT3 and PSD95, cognition and pathology. Associations were observed between ZnT3 and PSD95 levels in prefrontal cortex and cognitive impairment (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and between ZnT3 levels in the parietal cortex and cognitive impairment (p = 0.036). Associations were also seen between ZnT3 levels in cingulate cortex and severity of Aβ (p = 0.003) and tau (p = 0.011) pathologies. DLB and PDD were characterized by significant reductions of PSD95 (p < 0.05) and ZnT3 (p < 0.001) in prefrontal cortex compared with controls and AD. PSD95 levels in the parietal cortex were found to be decreased in AD cases compared with controls (p = 0.02) and PDD (p = 0.005). This study has identified Zn(2+) modulation as a possible novel target for the treatment of cognitive impairment in DLB and PDD and the potential for synaptic proteins to be used as a biomarker for the differentiation of DLB and PDD from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Whitfield
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK
| | - Julie Vallortigara
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK
| | - Amani Alghamdi
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK; Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyahd, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Howlett
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mary Johnson
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Neurobiology, Ward Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Paul T Francis
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK.
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28
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Sattlecker M, Kiddle SJ, Newhouse S, Proitsi P, Nelson S, Williams S, Johnston C, Killick R, Simmons A, Westman E, Hodges A, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Lovestone S, Dobson RJB. Alzheimer's disease biomarker discovery using SOMAscan multiplexed protein technology. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10:724-34. [PMID: 24768341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Blood proteins and their complexes have become the focus of a great deal of interest in the context of their potential as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used a SOMAscan assay for quantifying 1001 proteins in blood samples from 331 AD, 211 controls, and 149 mild cognitive impaired (MCI) subjects. The strongest associations of protein levels with AD outcomes were prostate-specific antigen complexed to α1-antichymotrypsin (AD diagnosis), pancreatic prohormone (AD diagnosis, left entorhinal cortex atrophy, and left hippocampus atrophy), clusterin (rate of cognitive decline), and fetuin B (left entorhinal atrophy). Multivariate analysis found that a subset of 13 proteins predicted AD with an accuracy of area under the curve of 0.70. Our replication of previous findings provides further evidence that levels of these proteins in plasma are truly associated with AD. The newly identified proteins could be potential biomarkers and are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sattlecker
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Steven J Kiddle
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Caroline Johnston
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Killick
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Simmons
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eric Westman
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Lovestone
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Richard J B Dobson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Khan W, Giampietro V, Ginestet C, Newhouse S, Dobson R, Schumann G, Lovestone S, Simmons A. P4–377: Effects of APOE‐ε4 and APOE‐ε2 alleles on hippocampal volumes in 1,412 healthy young adolescents: The IMAGEN study. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.08.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Khan
- King's College London London United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andy Simmons
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
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Sattlecker M, Pritchard M, Proitsi P, Kiddle S, Newhouse S, Simmons A, Johnston C, Leung R, Dixit A, Bazenet C, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Stewart A, Williams S, Nelson S, Lovestone S, Dobson R. P4–354: Blood‐based biomarker discovery using aptamer capture (SOMAscan) platform technology. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.08.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petroula Proitsi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
| | - Steven Kiddle
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
| | | | - Andy Simmons
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Johnston
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
| | - Rufina Leung
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Dixit
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
| | - Chantal Bazenet
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Gerontology Toulouse France
| | | | | | | | - Simon Lovestone
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
| | - Richard Dobson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
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Sherva R, Gross A, Mukherjee S, Crane P, Newhouse S, Green R. P4–007: GWAS of rate of cognitive decline in four populations. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alden Gross
- Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts United States
| | | | - Paul Crane
- University of Washington Seattle Washington United States
| | | | - Robert Green
- University of Pittsburgh Schools of Nursing and Medicine Boston Massachusetts United States
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32
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Kiddle S, Khan W, Aguilar C, Thambisetty M, Sattlecker M, Newhouse S, Dobson R, Simmons A. P1–204: Identifying novel CSF markers of brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment using a multiplex panel of analytes. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wasim Khan
- King's College London London United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andy Simmons
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom
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Smith BN, Newhouse S, Shatunov A, Vance C, Topp S, Johnson L, Miller J, Lee Y, Troakes C, Scott KM, Jones A, Gray I, Wright J, Hortobágyi T, Al-Sarraj S, Rogelj B, Powell J, Lupton M, Lovestone S, Sapp PC, Weber M, Nestor PJ, Schelhaas HJ, Asbroek AALMT, Silani V, Gellera C, Taroni F, Ticozzi N, Van den Berg L, Veldink J, Van Damme P, Robberecht W, Shaw PJ, Kirby J, Pall H, Morrison KE, Morris A, de Belleroche J, Vianney de Jong JMB, Baas F, Andersen PM, Landers J, Brown RH, Weale ME, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE. The C9ORF72 expansion mutation is a common cause of ALS+/-FTD in Europe and has a single founder. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:102-8. [PMID: 22692064 PMCID: PMC3522204 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A massive hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation (HREM) in C9ORF72 has recently been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here we describe the frequency, origin and stability of this mutation in ALS+/-FTD from five European cohorts (total n=1347). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms defining the risk haplotype in linked kindreds were genotyped in cases (n=434) and controls (n=856). Haplotypes were analysed using PLINK and aged using DMLE+. In a London clinic cohort, the HREM was the most common mutation in familial ALS+/-FTD: C9ORF72 29/112 (26%), SOD1 27/112 (24%), TARDBP 1/112 (1%) and FUS 4/112 (4%) and detected in 13/216 (6%) of unselected sporadic ALS cases but was rare in controls (3/856, 0.3%). HREM prevalence was high for familial ALS+/-FTD throughout Europe: Belgium 19/22 (86%), Sweden 30/41 (73%), the Netherlands 10/27 (37%) and Italy 4/20 (20%). The HREM did not affect the age at onset or survival of ALS patients. Haplotype analysis identified a common founder in all 137 HREM carriers that arose around 6300 years ago. The haplotype from which the HREM arose is intrinsically unstable with an increased number of repeats (average 8, compared with 2 for controls, P<10(-8)). We conclude that the HREM has a single founder and is the most common mutation in familial and sporadic ALS in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Topp
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren Johnson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Miller
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Younbok Lee
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten M Scott
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Wright
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John Powell
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lupton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Peter C Sapp
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Markus Weber
- Kantonsspital St Gallen and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Nestor
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, ‘Dino Ferrari' Center, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico ‘Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico ‘Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, ‘Dino Ferrari' Center, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonard Van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Phillip Van Damme
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Academic Neurology Unit, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Academic Neurology Unit, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hardev Pall
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, and Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karen E Morrison
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, and Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex Morris
- Neurogenetics Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline de Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - J M B Vianney de Jong
- Department of Neurogenetics and Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Neurogenetics and Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Weale
- King's College London, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
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Lunnon K, Ibrahim Z, Proitsi P, Lourdusamy A, Newhouse S, Sattlecker M, Furney S, Saleem M, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Coppola G, Geschwind D, Simmons A, Lovestone S, Dobson R, Hodges A. Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune activation are detectable in early Alzheimer's disease blood. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 30:685-710. [PMID: 22466004 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), like other dementias, is characterized by progressive neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the brain. The peripheral leukocyte response occurring alongside these brain changes has not been extensively studied, but might inform therapeutic approaches and provide relevant disease biomarkers. Using microarrays, we assessed blood gene expression alterations occurring in people with AD and those with mild cognitive changes at increased risk of developing AD. Of the 2,908 differentially expressed probes identified between the three groups (p < 0.01), a quarter were altered in blood from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects, relative to controls, suggesting a peripheral response to pathology may occur very early. There was strong evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased expression of many of the respiratory complex I-V genes and subunits of the core mitochondrial ribosome complex. This mirrors changes previously observed in AD brain. A number of genes encoding cell adhesion molecules were increased, along with other immune-related genes. These changes are consistent with leukocyte activation and their increased the transition from circulation into the brain. In addition to expression changes, we also found increased numbers of basophils in people with MCI and AD, and increased monocytes in people with an AD diagnosis. Taken together this study provides both an insight into the functional response of circulating leukocytes during neurodegeneration and also identifies potential targets such as the respiratory chain for designing and monitoring future therapeutic interventions using blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lunnon
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, London, UK
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35
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Kiddle SJ, Thambisetty M, Simmons A, Riddoch-Contreras J, Hye A, Westman E, Pike I, Ward M, Johnston C, Lupton MK, Lunnon K, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Mecocci P, Lovestone S, Newhouse S, Dobson R. Plasma based markers of [11C] PiB-PET brain amyloid burden. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44260. [PMID: 23028511 PMCID: PMC3454385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in brain amyloid burden have been shown to relate to Alzheimer's disease pathology, and are believed to precede the development of cognitive decline. There is thus a need for inexpensive and non-invasive screening methods that are able to accurately estimate brain amyloid burden as a marker of Alzheimer's disease. One potential method would involve using demographic information and measurements on plasma samples to establish biomarkers of brain amyloid burden; in this study data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative was used to explore this possibility. Sixteen of the analytes on the Rules Based Medicine Human Discovery Multi-Analyte Profile 1.0 panel were found to associate with [(11)C]-PiB PET measurements. Some of these markers of brain amyloid burden were also found to associate with other AD related phenotypes. Thirteen of these markers of brain amyloid burden--c-peptide, fibrinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, pancreatic polypeptide, complement C3, vitronectin, cortisol, AXL receptor kinase, interleukin-3, interleukin-13, matrix metalloproteinase-9 total, apolipoprotein E and immunoglobulin E--were used along with co-variates in multiple linear regression, and were shown by cross-validation to explain >30% of the variance of brain amyloid burden. When a threshold was used to classify subjects as PiB positive, the regression model was found to predict actual PiB positive individuals with a sensitivity of 0.918 and a specificity of 0.545. The number of APOE [Symbol: see text] 4 alleles and plasma apolipoprotein E level were found to contribute most to this model, and the relationship between these variables and brain amyloid burden was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven John Kiddle
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SJK); (RD)
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Simmons
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abdul Hye
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Westman
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Cobham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Ward
- Proteome Sciences plc, Cobham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Johnston
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katie Lunnon
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- School of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and University Hospital of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, “G. Papanicolaou” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Grontople de Toulouse, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simon Lovestone
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Dobson
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SJK); (RD)
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Troakes C, Maekawa S, Wijesekera L, Rogelj B, Siklós L, Bell C, Smith B, Newhouse S, Vance C, Johnson L, Hortobágyi T, Shatunov A, Al-Chalabi A, Leigh N, Shaw CE, King A, Al-Sarraj S. An MND/ALS phenotype associated with C9orf72 repeat expansion: abundant p62-positive, TDP-43-negative inclusions in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum but without associated cognitive decline. Neuropathology 2011; 32:505-14. [PMID: 22181065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) proteinopathies describe a clinico-pathological spectrum of multi-system neurodegeneration that spans motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We have identified four male patients who presented with the clinical features of a pure MND/ALS phenotype (without dementia) but who had distinctive cortical and cerebellar pathology that was different from other TDP-43 proteinopathies. All patients initially presented with weakness of limbs and respiratory muscles and had a family history of MND/ALS. None had clinically identified cognitive decline or dementia during life and they died between 11 and 32 months after symptom onset. Neuropathological investigation revealed lower motor neuron involvement with TDP-43-positive inclusions typical of MND/ALS. In contrast, the cerebral pathology was atypical, with abundant star-shaped p62-immunoreactive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and hippocampus, while TDP-43-positive inclusions were sparse. This pattern was also seen in the cerebellum where p62-positive, TDP-43-negative inclusions were frequent in granular cells. Western blots of cortical lysates, in contrast to those of sporadic MND/ALS and FTLD-TDP, showed high p62 levels and low TDP-43 levels with no high molecular weight smearing. MND/ALS-associated SOD1, FUS and TARDBP gene mutations were excluded; however, further investigations revealed that all four of the cases did show a repeat expansion of C9orf72, the recently reported cause of chromosome 9-linked MND/ALS and FTLD. We conclude that these chromosome 9-linked MND/ALS cases represent a pathological sub-group with abundant p62 pathology in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum but with no significant associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Troakes
- King's College London, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
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Shatunov A, Mok K, Newhouse S, Weale ME, Smith B, Vance C, Johnson L, Veldink JH, van Es MA, van den Berg LH, Robberecht W, Van Damme P, Hardiman O, Farmer AE, Lewis CM, Butler AW, Abel O, Andersen PM, Fogh I, Silani V, Chiò A, Traynor BJ, Melki J, Meininger V, Landers JE, McGuffin P, Glass JD, Pall H, Leigh PN, Hardy J, Brown RH, Powell JF, Orrell RW, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Shaw CE, Al-Chalabi A. Chromosome 9p21 in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the UK and seven other countries: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:986-94. [PMID: 20801717 PMCID: PMC3257853 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons that results in progressive weakness and death from respiratory failure, commonly within about 3 years. Previous studies have shown association of a locus on chromosome 9p with ALS and linkage with ALS–frontotemporal dementia. We aimed to test whether this genomic region is also associated with ALS in an independent set of UK samples, and to identify risk factors associated with ALS in a further genome-wide association study that combined data from the independent analysis with those from other countries. Methods We collected samples from patients with sporadic ALS from 20 UK hospitals and obtained UK control samples from the control groups of the Depression Case Control study, the Bipolar Affective Case Control Study, and the British 1958 birth cohort DNA collection. Genotyping of DNA in this independent analysis was done with Illumina HumanHap550 BeadChips. We then undertook a joint genome-wide analysis that combined data from the independent set with published data from the UK, USA, Netherlands, Ireland, Italy, France, Sweden, and Belgium. The threshold for significance was p=0·05 in the independent analysis, because we were interested in replicating a small number of previously reported associations, whereas the Bonferroni-corrected threshold for significance in the joint analysis was p=2·20×10−7 Findings After quality control, samples were available from 599 patients and 4144 control individuals in the independent set. In this analysis, two single nucleotide polymorphisms in a locus on chromosome 9p21.2 were associated with ALS: rs3849942 (p=2·22×10−6; odds ratio [OR] 1·39, 95% CI 1·21–1·59) and rs2814707 (p=3·32×10−6; 1·38, 1·20–1·58). In the joint analysis, which included samples from 4312 patients with ALS and 8425 control individuals, rs3849942 (p=4·64×10−10; OR 1·22, 95% CI 1·15–1·30) and rs2814707 (p=4·72×10−10; 1·22, 1·15–1·30) were associated with ALS. Interpretation We have found strong evidence of a genetic association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 9 with sporadic ALS, in line with findings from previous independent GWAS of ALS and linkage studies of ALS–frontotemporal dementia. Our findings together with these earlier findings suggest that genetic variation at this locus on chromosome 9 causes sporadic ALS and familial ALS–frontotemporal dementia. Resequencing studies and then functional analysis should be done to identify the defective gene. Funding ALS Therapy Alliance, the Angel Fund, the Medical Research Council, the Motor Neurone Disease Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Wellcome Trust, and the National Institute for Health Research Dementias and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Network (DeNDRoN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Shatunov
- King's College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Tobin MD, Raleigh SM, Newhouse S, Braund P, Bodycote C, Ogleby J, Cross D, Gracey J, Hayes S, Smith T, Ridge C, Caulfield M, Sheehan NA, Munroe PB, Burton PR, Samani NJ. Association of WNK1 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with ambulatory blood pressure in the general population. Circulation 2005; 112:3423-9. [PMID: 16301342 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.555474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable trait of major public health concern. The WNK1 and WNK4 genes, which encode proteins in the WNK family of serine-threonine kinases, are involved in renal electrolyte homeostasis. Mutations in the WNK1 and WNK4 genes cause a rare monogenic hypertensive syndrome, pseudohypoaldosteronism type II. We investigated whether polymorphisms in these WNK genes influence BP in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS Associations between 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in WNK1 and 1 in WNK4 with ambulatory BP were studied in a population-based sample of 996 subjects from 250 white European families. The heritability estimates of mean 24-hour systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 63.4% and 67.9%, respectively. We found statistically significant (P<0.05) associations of several common SNPs and haplotypes in WNK1 with mean 24-hour SBP and/or DBP. The minor allele (C) of rs880054, with a frequency of 44%, reduced mean 24-hour SBP and DBP by 1.37 (95% confidence interval, -2.45 to -0.23) and 1.14 (95% confidence interval, -1.93 to -0.38) mm Hg, respectively, per copy of the allele. CONCLUSIONS Common variants in WNK1 contribute to BP variation in the general population. This study shows that a gene causing a rare monogenic form of hypertension also plays a significant role in BP regulation in the general population. The findings provide a basis to identify functional variants of WNK1, elucidate any interactions of these variants with dietary intake or with response to antihypertensive drugs, and determine their impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
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Abstract
The combination of investigation of rare Mendelian forms of hypertension, candidate gene studies, comparative mapping and genome-wide screening in both animal models and man has led to significant progress in determining new mechanisms of blood pressure control. In this review, the newly discovered blood pressure/cardiovascular genes, WNK kinases and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and the development of a new anti-hypertensive agent PST2238 are discussed. Major genes causing essential hypertension have yet to be discovered, however, there are now over 20 published genome-wide screens for blood pressure controlling genes. Several regions demonstrate suggestive linkage to the trait and there is some overlap of regions between the different studies. It is hoped that new blood pressure genes will ultimately be discovered using this method. Pharmacogenetic studies in hypertension have only been initiated recently, some are described in this paper. Small studies upon single candidate genes, suggest that the contribution of genetics to the inter-individual variation in blood pressure response to anti-hypertensive therapy, is small, approximately 3-5%. Recently micro-arrays with multiple polymorphisms in multiple genes have been used. After accounting for the additive affects of multiple blood pressure loci, an individual's genetic profile appeared to explain up to 50% of the variation in blood pressure response to therapy. Knowledge of the genetic variants that cause hypertension and influence response to anti-hypertensive therapy will ultimately provide a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Garcia
- Clinical Pharmacology and the Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, London, UK
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Caulfield M, Munroe P, Pembroke J, Samani N, Dominiczak A, Brown M, Benjamin N, Webster J, Ratcliffe P, O'Shea S, Papp J, Taylor E, Dobson R, Knight J, Newhouse S, Hooper J, Lee W, Brain N, Clayton D, Lathrop GM, Farrall M, Connell J. Genome-wide mapping of human loci for essential hypertension. Lancet 2003; 361:2118-23. [PMID: 12826435 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure may contribute to 50% of the global cardiovascular disease epidemic. By understanding the genes predisposing to common disorders such as human essential hypertension we may gain insights into novel pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. In the Medical Research Council BRItish Genetics of HyperTension (BRIGHT) study, we aim to identify these genetic factors by scanning the human genome for susceptibility genes for essential hypertension. We describe the results of a genome scan for hypertension in a large white European population. METHODS We phenotyped 2010 affected sibling pairs drawn from 1599 severely hypertensive families, and completed a 10 centimorgan genome-wide scan. After rigorous quality control, we analysed the genotypic data by non-parametric linkage, which tests whether genes are shared in excess among the affected sibling pairs. Lod scores, calculated at regular points along each chromosome, were used to assess the support for linkage. FINDINGS Linkage analysis identified a principle locus on chromosome 6q, with a lod score of 3.21 that attained genome-wide significance (p=0.042). The inclusion of three further loci with lod scores higher than 1.57 (2q, 5q, and 9q) also show genome-wide significance (p=0.017) when assessed under a locus-counting analysis. INTERPRETATION These findings imply that human essential hypertension has an oligogenic element (a few genes may be involved in determination of the trait) possibly superimposed on more minor genetic effects, and that several genes may be tractable to a positional cloning strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine, London, UK.
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Newhouse S, Zarowitz H, Weisenfeld S. Protein bound iodine during pregnancy. Comparison of diabetics and nondiabetics. Obstet Gynecol 1970; 36:892-4. [PMID: 4099796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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