1
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Martins SG, Ribeiro V, Melo C, Paulino-Cavaco C, Antonini D, Dayalan Naidu S, Murtinheira F, Fonseca I, Saget B, Pita M, Fernandes DR, Gameiro Dos Santos P, Rodrigues G, Zilhão R, Herrera F, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Carlos AR, Thorsteinsdóttir S. Laminin-α2 chain deficiency in skeletal muscle causes dysregulation of multiple cellular mechanisms. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402829. [PMID: 39379105 PMCID: PMC11463332 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
LAMA2, coding for the laminin-α2 chain, is a crucial ECM component, particularly abundant in skeletal muscle. Mutations in LAMA2 trigger the often-lethal LAMA2-congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD). Various phenotypes have been linked to LAMA2-CMD; nevertheless, the precise mechanisms that malfunction during disease onset in utero remain unknown. We generated Lama2-deficient C2C12 cells and found that Lama2-deficient myoblasts display proliferation, differentiation, and fusion defects, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, fetal myoblasts isolated from the dy W mouse model of LAMA2-CMD display impaired differentiation and fusion in vitro. We also showed that disease onset during fetal development is characterized by a significant down-regulation of gene expression in muscle fibers, causing pronounced effects on cytoskeletal organization, muscle differentiation, and altered DNA repair and oxidative stress responses. Together, our findings provide unique insights into the critical importance of the laminin-α2 chain for muscle differentiation and muscle cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Martins
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Melo
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Paulino-Cavaco
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dario Antonini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Fernanda Murtinheira
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Fonseca
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bérénice Saget
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Pita
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo R Fernandes
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gameiro Dos Santos
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Zilhão
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Federico Herrera
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ana Rita Carlos
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C) & CHANGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- https://ror.org/01c27hj86 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Chen M, Li Y, Zhang M, Ge S, Feng T, Chen R, Shen J, Li R, Wang Z, Xie Y, Wang D, Liu J, Lin Y, Chang F, Chen J, Sun X, Cheng D, Huang X, Wu F, Zhang Q, Cai P, Yin P, Zhang L, Tang P. Histone deacetylase inhibition enhances extracellular vesicles from muscle to promote osteogenesis via miR-873-3p. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:256. [PMID: 39343927 PMCID: PMC11439940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity is widely recognized for reducing the risk of various disorders, with skeletal muscles playing a key role by releasing biomolecules that benefit multiple organs and tissues. However, many individuals, particularly the elderly and those with clinical conditions, are unable to engage in physical exercise, necessitating alternative strategies to stimulate muscle cells to secrete beneficial biomolecules. Histone acetylation and deacetylation significantly influence exercise-induced gene expression, suggesting that targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) could mimic some exercise responses. In this study, we explored the effects of the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) on human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs). Our findings showed that TSA-induced hyperacetylation enhanced myotube fusion and increased the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with miR-873-3p. These TSA-EVs promoted osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) by targeting H2 calponin (CNN2). In vivo, systemic administration of TSA-EVs to osteoporosis mice resulted in significant improvements in bone mass. Moreover, TSA-EVs mimicked the osteogenic benefits of exercise-induced EVs, suggesting that HDAC inhibition can replicate exercise-induced bone health benefits. These results demonstrate the potential of TSA-induced muscle-derived EVs as a therapeutic strategy to enhance bone formation and prevent osteoporosis, particularly for individuals unable to exercise. Given the FDA-approved status of various HDAC inhibitors, this approach holds significant promise for rapid clinical translation in osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Ge
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Taojin Feng
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijing Chen
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Shen
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Duanyang Wang
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feifan Chang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfeng Wu
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Qinxiang Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pengbin Yin
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Peifu Tang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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3
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Wu C, Song Q, Gao S, Wu S. Targeting HDACs for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma therapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:289. [PMID: 38168914 PMCID: PMC10762105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in tumorigenesis and progression, however, their role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well understood. In this study, we examined the expression levels, mutations, and clinical significance of HDACs in DLBCL. Additionally, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Chidamide, a novel HDAC inhibitor, to provide scientific evidence for targeting HDACs in DLBCL patients. We extracted transcriptome data of DLBCLs--including 47 lymph node samples and 337 whole-blood-cell controls--from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Bioinformatic analyses of HDAC expression, mutation, and correlation with the clinical significance of DLBCL patients were performed with the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, GENEMANIA, and web-based software including cBioPortal and WebGestalt. To examine the therapeutic effect of Chidamide, DLBCL cell lines (WSU-DLCL-2 and DB cells) were employed. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed with Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays. The impact of Chidamide treatment was also analyzed by RNA sequencing of treated DB cells. Western blot was used to explore the molecular mechanism of the cytotoxicity of Chidamide on DLBCL cell lines. The expression of some HDACs (HDAC1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9) were significantly higher in the lymph node samples of DLBCL than that in whole-blood-cell controls. Moreover, we found that the mutation rate of HDACs was also higher in DLBCL tissues, although the overall survival of DLBCL patients was not associated with HDAC expression. Chidamide was found to have a cytotoxic effect on DLBCL cells in a dose-dependent manner, while transcriptome analysis and western blot revealed that using it for treatment impacted several biological processes, including PI3K/AKT signaling, mTOR signaling, the cell cycle, and apoptosis pathways. Alterations of HDAC genes, including enhanced expression and mutations, are positively related to DLBCL. Targeting HDACs with specific inhibitors such as Chidamide may represent a potential therapeutic approach for DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Qiao Song
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Jiyang District, Jiyang, 251400, Shandong, China
| | - Sophie Gao
- Hunter College High School, New York, USA
| | - Shaoling Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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4
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Careccia G, Mangiavini L, Cirillo F. Regulation of Satellite Cells Functions during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Critical Step in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:512. [PMID: 38203683 PMCID: PMC10778731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the generation of new myofibers after trauma, competitive physical activity, or disease. In this context, adult skeletal muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells (SCs), play a crucial role in regulating muscle tissue homeostasis and activating regeneration. Alterations in their number or function have been associated with various pathological conditions. The main factors involved in the dysregulation of SCs' activity are inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge on the role of SCs in skeletal muscle regeneration. It examines the changes in the activity of SCs in three of the most common and severe muscle disorders: sarcopenia, muscular dystrophy, and cancer cachexia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in their dysregulations is essential for improving current treatments, such as exercise, and developing personalized approaches to reactivate SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Careccia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Raouf YS, Sedighi A, Geletu M, Frere GA, Allan RG, Nawar N, de Araujo ED, Gunning PT. Discovery of YSR734: A Covalent HDAC Inhibitor with Cellular Activity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16658-16679. [PMID: 38060537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have emerged as powerful epigenetic modifiers of histone/non-histone proteins via catalyzing the deacetylation of ε-N-acetyl lysines. The dysregulated activity of these Zn2+-dependent hydrolases has been broadly implicated in disease, notably cancer. Clinically, the recurring dose-limiting toxicities of first-generation HDACi sparked a paradigm shift toward safer isoform-specific molecules. With pervasive roles in aggressive diseases, there remains a need for novel approaches to target these enzymes. Herein, we report the discovery of YSR734, a first-in-class covalent HDACi, with a 2-aminobenzanilide Zn2+ chelate and a pentafluorobenzenesulfonamide electrophile. This class I selective proof of concept modified HDAC2Cys274 (catalytic domain), with nM potency against HDAC1-3, sub-μM activity in MV4-11 cells, and limited cytotoxicity in MRC-9 fibroblasts. In C2C12 myoblasts, YSR734 activated muscle-specific biomarkers myogenin/Cav3, causing potent differentiation into myotubes (applications in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy). Current efforts are focused on improving in vivo ADME toward a preclinical covalent HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir S Raouf
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Mulu Geletu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Geordon A Frere
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rebecca G Allan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nabanita Nawar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Roberts TC, Wood MJA, Davies KE. Therapeutic approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:917-934. [PMID: 37652974 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a monogenic muscle-wasting disorder and a priority candidate for molecular and cellular therapeutics. Although rare, it is the most common inherited myopathy affecting children and so has been the focus of intense research activity. It is caused by mutations that disrupt production of the dystrophin protein, and a plethora of drug development approaches are under way that aim to restore dystrophin function, including exon skipping, stop codon readthrough, gene replacement, cell therapy and gene editing. These efforts have led to the clinical approval of four exon skipping antisense oligonucleotides, one stop codon readthrough drug and one gene therapy product, with other approvals likely soon. Here, we discuss the latest therapeutic strategies that are under development and being deployed to treat DMD. Lessons from these drug development programmes are likely to have a major impact on the DMD field, but also on molecular and cellular medicine more generally. Thus, DMD is a pioneer disease at the forefront of future drug discovery efforts, with these experimental treatments paving the way for therapies using similar mechanisms of action being developed for other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Roberts
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay E Davies
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Habibian JS, Bolino M, Qian A, Woolsey R, Quilici D, Petereit J, Ferguson BS. Class I HDAC inhibitors attenuate dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy via increased protein kinase C (PKC) delta phosphorylation. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110815. [PMID: 37478958 PMCID: PMC10528066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is defined by wasting or decrease in muscle mass owing to injury, aging, malnutrition, chronic disuse, or physical consequences of chronic illness. Under normal physiological conditions, a network of signal transduction pathways serves to balance muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis; however, metabolic shifts occur from protein synthesis to protein degradation that leads to a reduction in cross-sectional myofibers and can result in loss of skeletal muscle mass (atrophy) over time. Recent evidence highlights posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation and phosphorylation in contractile dysfunction and muscle wasting. Indeed, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to attenuate muscle atrophy and delay muscle damage in response to nutrient deprivation, in models of metabolic dysfunction and genetic models of muscle disease (e.g., muscle dystrophy). Despite our current understanding of lysine acetylation in muscle physiology, a role for HDACs in the regulation of muscle signal transduction remains a 'black box.' Using C2C12 myotubes stimulated with dexamethasone (Dex) as a model of muscle atrophy, we report that protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) phosphorylation decreased at threonine 505 (T505) and serine 643 (S643) in myotubes in response to muscle atrophy; these residues are important for PKCδ activity. Interestingly, PKCδ phosphorylation was restored/increased in myotubes treated with a pan-HDAC inhibitor or a class I selective HDAC inhibitor targeting HDACs1, -2, and - 3 in response to Dex. Moreover, we observed that Dex induced atrophy in skeletal muscle tissue in mice; this reduction in atrophy occurred rapidly, with weight loss noted by day 3 post-Dex and muscle weight loss noted by day 7. Similar to our findings in C2C12 myotubes, Dex attenuated phosphorylation of PKCδ at S643, while HDAC inhibition restored or increased PKCδ phosphorylation at both T505 and S643 in the tibialis anterior. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report that HDAC inhibition could not restore myotube size in response to Dex in the presence of a PKCδ inhibitor or when overexpressing a dominant negative PKCδ. Additionally, the overexpression of a constitutively active PKCδ prevented Dex-induced myotube atrophy. Combined, these data suggest that HDACs regulate muscle physiology via changes in intracellular signaling, namely PKCδ phosphorylation. Whether HDACs regulate PKCδ through canonical (e.g. gene-mediated regulation of phosphatases) or non-canonical (e.g. direct deacetylation of PKCδ to change phosphorylation states) mechanisms remain unclear and future research is needed to clarify this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine S Habibian
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America; Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America; Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Matthew Bolino
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America; Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America
| | - Anthony Qian
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Rebekah Woolsey
- Mick Hitchcock, Ph.D. Nevada Proteomics Center (RRID:SCR_017761), The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - David Quilici
- Mick Hitchcock, Ph.D. Nevada Proteomics Center (RRID:SCR_017761), The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Juli Petereit
- Nevada Bioinformatics Center (RRID:SCR_017802), The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America; Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America; Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, The University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America.
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8
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Sandonà M, Esposito F, Cargnoni A, Silini A, Romele P, Parolini O, Saccone V. Amniotic Membrane-Derived Stromal Cells Release Extracellular Vesicles That Favor Regeneration of Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12457. [PMID: 37569832 PMCID: PMC10418925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene characterized by myofiber fragility and progressive muscle degeneration. The genetic defect results in a reduced number of self-renewing muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and an impairment of their activation and differentiation, which lead to the exhaustion of skeletal muscle regeneration potential and muscle replacement by fibrotic and fatty tissue. In this study, we focused on an unexplored strategy to improve MuSC function and to preserve their niche based on the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stromal cells from the amniotic membrane (hAMSCs), that are multipotent cells recognized to have a role in tissue repair in different disease models. We demonstrate that the hAMSC secretome (CM hAMSC) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated thereof directly stimulate the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of human myoblasts and mouse MuSC from dystrophic muscles. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hAMSC secreted factors modulate the muscle stem cell niche in dystrophic-mdx-mice. Interestingly, local injection of EV hAMSC in mdx muscles correlated with an increase in the number of activated Pax7+/Ki67+ MuSCs and in new fiber formation. EV hAMSCs also significantly reduced muscle collagen deposition, thus counteracting fibrosis and MuSCs exhaustion, two hallmarks of DMD. Herein for the first time we demonstrate that CM hAMSC and EVs derived thereof promote muscle regeneration by supporting proliferation and differentiation of resident muscle stem cells. These results pave the way for the development of a novel treatment to counteract DMD progression by reducing fibrosis and enhancing myogenesis in dystrophic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sandonà
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Federica Esposito
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.E.)
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Division DAHFMO, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca “E. Menni”, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.C.); (A.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonietta Silini
- Centro di Ricerca “E. Menni”, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.C.); (A.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Pietro Romele
- Centro di Ricerca “E. Menni”, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.C.); (A.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Saccone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.E.)
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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9
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Bello L, Hoffman EP, Pegoraro E. Is it time for genetic modifiers to predict prognosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:410-423. [PMID: 37308617 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) show clinically relevant phenotypic variability, despite sharing the same primary biochemical defect (dystrophin deficiency). Factors contributing to this clinical variability include allelic heterogeneity (specific DMD mutations), genetic modifiers (trans-acting genetic polymorphisms) and variations in clinical care. Recently, a series of genetic modifiers have been identified, mostly involving genes and/or proteins that regulate inflammation and fibrosis - processes increasingly recognized as being causally linked with physical disability. This article reviews genetic modifier studies in DMD to date and discusses the effect of genetic modifiers on predicting disease trajectories (prognosis), clinical trial design and interpretation (inclusion of genotype-stratified subgroup analyses) and therapeutic approaches. The genetic modifiers identified to date underscore the importance of progressive fibrosis, downstream of dystrophin deficiency, in driving the disease process. As such, genetic modifiers have shown the importance of therapies aimed at slowing this fibrotic process and might point to key drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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10
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Kodippili K, Rudnicki MA. Satellite cell contribution to disease pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1180980. [PMID: 37324396 PMCID: PMC10266354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1180980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle weakness and degeneration characterize Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal, x-linked neuromuscular disorder that affects 1 in 5,000 boys. Loss of dystrophin protein leads to recurrent muscle degeneration, progressive fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and dysfunction of skeletal muscle resident stem cells, called satellite cells. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for DMD. In this mini review, we discuss how satellite cells in dystrophic muscle are functionally impaired, and how this contributes to the DMD pathology, and the tremendous potential of restoring endogenous satellite cell function as a viable treatment strategy to treat this debilitating and fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Kodippili
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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11
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Sandonà M, Cavioli G, Renzini A, Cedola A, Gigli G, Coletti D, McKinsey TA, Moresi V, Saccone V. Histone Deacetylases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications for Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4306. [PMID: 36901738 PMCID: PMC10002075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate the deacetylation of numerous histone and non-histone proteins, thereby affecting a wide range of cellular processes. Deregulation of HDAC expression or activity is often associated with several pathologies, suggesting potential for targeting these enzymes for therapeutic purposes. For example, HDAC expression and activity are higher in dystrophic skeletal muscles. General pharmacological blockade of HDACs, by means of pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), ameliorates both muscle histological abnormalities and function in preclinical studies. A phase II clinical trial of the pan-HDACi givinostat revealed partial histological improvement and functional recovery of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) muscles; results of an ongoing phase III clinical trial that is assessing the long-term safety and efficacy of givinostat in DMD patients are pending. Here we review the current knowledge about the HDAC functions in distinct cell types in skeletal muscle, identified by genetic and -omic approaches. We describe the signaling events that are affected by HDACs and contribute to muscular dystrophy pathogenesis by altering muscle regeneration and/or repair processes. Reviewing recent insights into HDAC cellular functions in dystrophic muscles provides new perspectives for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches based on drugs that target these critical enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Cavioli
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Aging B2A, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Saccone
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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12
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Consalvi S, Tucciarone L, Macrì E, De Bardi M, Picozza M, Salvatori I, Renzini A, Valente S, Mai A, Moresi V, Puri PL. Determinants of epigenetic resistance to HDAC inhibitors in dystrophic fibro-adipogenic progenitors. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54721. [PMID: 35383427 PMCID: PMC9171680 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) is currently being tested in clinical trials; however, pre-clinical studies indicated that the beneficial effects of HDACi are restricted to early stages of disease. We show that FAPs from late-stage mdx mice exhibit aberrant HDAC activity and genome-wide alterations of histone acetylation that are not fully reversed by HDACi. In particular, combinatorial H3K27 and/or H3K9/14 hypo-acetylation at promoters of genes required for cell cycle activation and progression, as well as glycolysis, are associated with their downregulation in late-stage mdx FAPs. These alterations could not be reversed by HDACi, due to a general resistance to HDACi-induced H3K9/14 hyperacetylation. Conversely, H3K9/14 hyper-acetylation at promoters of Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) genes is associated with their upregulation in late-stage mdx FAPs; however, HDACi could reduce promoter acetylation and blunt SASP gene activation. These data reveal that during DMD progression FAPs develop disease-associated features reminiscent of cellular senescence, through epigenetically distinct and pharmacologically dissociable events. They also indicate that HDACi might retain anti-fibrotic effects at late stages of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Consalvi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus - Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tucciarone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Macrì
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Picozza
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (Nanotec), National Research Council (CNR), Rome Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Ruiz A, Benucci S, Duthaler U, Bachmann C, Franchini M, Noreen F, Pietrangelo L, Protasi F, Treves S, Zorzato F. Improvement of muscle strength in a mouse model for congenital myopathy treated with HDAC and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. eLife 2022; 11:73718. [PMID: 35238775 PMCID: PMC8956288 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there are no therapies for patients with congenital myopathies, muscle disorders causing poor quality of life of affected individuals. In approximately 30% of the cases, patients with congenital myopathies carry either dominant or recessive mutations in the RYR1 gene; recessive RYR1 mutations are accompanied by reduction of RyR1 expression and content in skeletal muscles and are associated with fiber hypotrophy and muscle weakness. Importantly, muscles of patients with recessive RYR1 mutations exhibit increased content of class II histone de-acetylases and of DNA genomic methylation. We recently created a mouse model knocked-in for the p.Q1970fsX16+p.A4329D RyR1 mutations, which are isogenic to those carried by a severely affected child suffering from a recessive form of RyR1-related multi-mini core disease. The phenotype of the RyR1 mutant mice recapitulates many aspects of the clinical picture of patients carrying recessive RYR1 mutations. We treated the compound heterozygous mice with a combination of two drugs targeting DNA methylases and class II histone de-acetylases. Here we show that treatment of the mutant mice with drugs targeting epigenetic enzymes improves muscle strength, RyR1 protein content and muscle ultrastructure. This study provides proof of concept for the pharmacological treatment of patients with congenital myopathies linked to recessive RYR1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Benucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Duthaler
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bachmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Franchini
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Faiza Noreen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G d' Annunzio of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G d' Annunzio of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Susan Treves
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zorzato
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Addicks GC, Zhang H, Ryu D, Vasam G, Green AE, Marshall PL, Patel S, Kang BE, Kim D, Katsyuba E, Williams EG, Renaud JM, Auwerx J, Menzies KJ. GCN5 maintains muscle integrity by acetylating YY1 to promote dystrophin expression. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202104022. [PMID: 35024765 PMCID: PMC8931935 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that regulates protein structure and function. It is targeted to proteins by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) or removed by lysine deacetylases. This work identifies a role for the KAT enzyme general control of amino acid synthesis protein 5 (GCN5; KAT2A) in regulating muscle integrity by inhibiting DNA binding of the transcription factor/repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Here we report that a muscle-specific mouse knockout of GCN5 (Gcn5skm-/-) reduces the expression of key structural muscle proteins, including dystrophin, resulting in myopathy. GCN5 was found to acetylate YY1 at two residues (K392 and K393), disrupting the interaction between the YY1 zinc finger region and DNA. These findings were supported by human data, including an observed negative correlation between YY1 gene expression and muscle fiber diameter. Collectively, GCN5 positively regulates muscle integrity through maintenance of structural protein expression via acetylation-dependent inhibition of YY1. This work implicates the role of protein acetylation in the regulation of muscle health and for consideration in the design of novel therapeutic strategies to support healthy muscle during myopathy or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Addicks
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Goutham Vasam
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander E Green
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and the Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip L Marshall
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Patel
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baeki E Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Division of Therapeutics and Biotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evan G Williams
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and the Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Tang CK, Lin YH, Jiang JA, Lu YH, Tsai CH, Lin YC, Chen YR, Wu CP, Wu YL. Real-time monitoring of deformed wing virus-infected bee foraging behavior following histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment. iScience 2021; 24:103056. [PMID: 34755080 PMCID: PMC8560548 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment in the learning/memory behavior of bees is responsible for the massive disappearance of bee populations and its consequent agricultural economic losses. Such impairment might be because of o both pesticide exposure and pathogen infection, with a key contributor deformed wing virus (DWV). The present study found that sodium butyrate (NaB) significantly increased survival and reversed the learning/memory impairment of DWV-infected bees. A next-generation sequencing analysis showed that NaB affected the expression of genes involved in glycolytic processes and memory formation, which were suppressed by DWV infection. In addition, we performed a large-scale movement tracking experiment by using a wireless sensor network-based automatic real-time monitoring system and confirmed that NaB could improve the homing ability of DWV-infected bees. In short, we demonstrated the mechanism of how epigenetic regulation can resume the memory function of honeybees and suggest strategies for applying NaB to reduce the incidence of colony losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kang Tang
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, 27, Lane 113, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joe-Air Jiang
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Heng Lu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, 27, Lane 113, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, 27, Lane 113, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, 27, Lane 113, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, 27, Lane 113, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Carol-P Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, 27, Lane 113, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lung Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, 27, Lane 113, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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16
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Spreafico M, Cafora M, Bragato C, Capitanio D, Marasca F, Bodega B, De Palma C, Mora M, Gelfi C, Marozzi A, Pistocchi A. Targeting HDAC8 to ameliorate skeletal muscle differentiation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105750. [PMID: 34214631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes progressive skeletal muscle degeneration and currently there are few therapeutic options. The identification of new drug targets and their validation in model systems of DMD could be a promising approach to make progress in finding new treatments for this lethal disease. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play key roles in myogenesis and the therapeutic approach targeting HDACs in DMD is in an advanced phase of clinical trial. Here, we show that the expression of HDAC8, one of the members of the HDAC family, is increased in DMD patients and dystrophic zebrafish. The selective inhibition of HDAC8 with the PCI-34051 inhibitor rescues skeletal muscle defects, similarly to the treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor Givinostat. Through acetylation profile of zebrafish with HDAC8 dysregulation, we identified new HDAC8 targets involved in cytoskeleton organization such as tubulin that, when acetylated, is a marker of stable microtubules. Our work provides evidence of HDAC8 overexpression in DMD patients and zebrafish and supports its specific inhibition as a new valuable therapeutic approach in the treatment of this pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Acetylation
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Cell Differentiation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Muscle Development
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/enzymology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Zebrafish
- Zebrafish Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spreafico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cafora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bragato
- PhD program in Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marasca
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bodega
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM), Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Licandro SA, Crippa L, Pomarico R, Perego R, Fossati G, Leoni F, Steinkühler C. The pan HDAC inhibitor Givinostat improves muscle function and histological parameters in two Duchenne muscular dystrophy murine models expressing different haplotypes of the LTBP4 gene. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:19. [PMID: 34294164 PMCID: PMC8296708 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the search of genetic determinants of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) severity, LTBP4, a member of the latent TGF-β binding protein family, emerged as an important predictor of functional outcome trajectories in mice and humans. Nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in LTBP4 gene associate with prolonged ambulation in DMD patients, whereas an in-frame insertion polymorphism in the mouse LTBP4 locus modulates disease severity in mice by altering proteolytic stability of the Ltbp4 protein and release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Givinostat, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor currently in phase III clinical trials for DMD treatment, significantly reduces fibrosis in muscle tissue and promotes the increase of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscles in mdx mice. In this study, we investigated the activity of Givinostat in mdx and in D2.B10 mice, two mouse models expressing different Ltbp4 variants and developing mild or more severe disease as a function of Ltbp4 polymorphism. METHODS Givinostat and steroids were administrated for 15 weeks in both DMD murine models and their efficacy was evaluated by grip strength and run to exhaustion functional tests. Histological examinations of skeletal muscles were also performed to assess the percentage of fibrotic area and CSA increase. RESULTS Givinostat treatment increased maximal normalized strength to levels that were comparable to those of healthy mice in both DMD models. The effect of Givinostat in both grip strength and exhaustion tests was dose-dependent in both strains, and in D2.B10 mice, Givinostat outperformed steroids at its highest dose. The in vivo treatment with Givinostat was effective in improving muscle morphology in both mdx and D2.B10 mice by reducing fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that Givinostat has a significant effect in ameliorating both muscle function and histological parameters in mdx and D2.B10 murine models suggesting a potential benefit also for patients with a poor prognosis LTBP4 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Crippa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Flavio Leoni
- Preclinical Development, Italfarmaco S.p.A., Milan, Italy
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18
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Aránega AE, Lozano-Velasco E, Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Ramírez de Acuña F, Franco D, Hernández-Torres F. MiRNAs and Muscle Regeneration: Therapeutic Targets in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084236. [PMID: 33921834 PMCID: PMC8072594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs required for the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. MicroRNAs play a critical role in modulating muscle regeneration and stem cell behavior. Muscle regeneration is affected in muscular dystrophies, and a critical point for the development of effective strategies for treating muscle disorders is optimizing approaches to target muscle stem cells in order to increase the ability to regenerate lost tissue. Within this framework, miRNAs are emerging as implicated in muscle stem cell response in neuromuscular disorders and new methodologies to regulate the expression of key microRNAs are coming up. In this review, we summarize recent advances highlighting the potential of miRNAs to be used in conjunction with gene replacement therapies, in order to improve muscle regeneration in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Eva Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lara Rodriguez-Outeiriño
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Felicitas Ramírez de Acuña
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Torres
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23009 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.R.-O.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.); (F.H.-T.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
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19
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Rugowska A, Starosta A, Konieczny P. Epigenetic modifications in muscle regeneration and progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:13. [PMID: 33468200 PMCID: PMC7814631 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a multisystemic disorder that affects 1:5000 boys. The severity of the phenotype varies dependent on the mutation site in the DMD gene and the resultant dystrophin expression profile. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin loss is associated with the disintegration of myofibers and their ineffective regeneration due to defective expansion and differentiation of the muscle stem cell pool. Some of these phenotypic alterations stem from the dystrophin absence-mediated serine-threonine protein kinase 2 (MARK2) misplacement/downregulation in activated muscle stem (satellite) cells and neuronal nitric oxide synthase loss in cells committed to myogenesis. Here, we trace changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs during muscle regeneration, from the stage of satellite cells to myofibers. Furthermore, we describe the abrogation of these epigenetic regulatory processes due to changes in signal transduction in DMD and point to therapeutic treatments increasing the regenerative potential of diseased muscles based on this acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rugowska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Starosta
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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20
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Segatto M, Szokoll R, Fittipaldi R, Bottino C, Nevi L, Mamchaoui K, Filippakopoulos P, Caretti G. BETs inhibition attenuates oxidative stress and preserves muscle integrity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6108. [PMID: 33257646 PMCID: PMC7705749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects 1 in 3500 live male births. To date, there is no effective cure for DMD, and the identification of novel molecular targets involved in disease progression is important to design more effective treatments and therapies to alleviate DMD symptoms. Here, we show that protein levels of the Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 are significantly increased in the muscle of the mouse model of DMD, the mdx mouse, and that pharmacological inhibition of the BET proteins has a beneficial outcome, tempering oxidative stress and muscle damage. Alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism are an early event in DMD onset and they are tightly linked to inflammation, fibrosis, and necrosis in skeletal muscle. By restoring ROS metabolism, BET inhibition ameliorates these hallmarks of the dystrophic muscle, translating to a beneficial effect on muscle function. BRD4 direct association to chromatin regulatory regions of the NADPH oxidase subunits increases in the mdx muscle and JQ1 administration reduces BRD4 and BRD2 recruitment at these regions. JQ1 treatment reduces NADPH subunit transcript levels in mdx muscles, isolated myofibers and DMD immortalized myoblasts. Our data highlight novel functions of the BET proteins in dystrophic skeletal muscle and suggest that BET inhibitors may ameliorate the pathophysiology of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche (Is), Italy
| | - Roberta Szokoll
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fittipaldi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bottino
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, U974, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Farr GH, Morris M, Gomez A, Pham T, Kilroy E, Parker EU, Said S, Henry C, Maves L. A novel chemical-combination screen in zebrafish identifies epigenetic small molecule candidates for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:29. [PMID: 33059738 PMCID: PMC7559456 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe neuromuscular disorder and is one of the most common muscular dystrophies. There are currently few effective therapies to treat the disease, although many small-molecule approaches are being pursued. Certain histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to ameliorate DMD phenotypes in mouse and zebrafish animal models. The HDACi givinostat has shown promise for DMD in clinical trials. However, beyond a small group of HDACi, other classes of epigenetic small molecules have not been broadly and systematically studied for their benefits for DMD. Methods We used an established animal model for DMD, the zebrafish dmd mutant strain sapje. A commercially available library of epigenetic small molecules was used to treat embryonic-larval stages of dmd mutant zebrafish. We used a quantitative muscle birefringence assay in order to assess and compare the effects of small-molecule treatments on dmd mutant zebrafish skeletal muscle structure. Results We performed a novel chemical-combination screen of a library of epigenetic compounds using the zebrafish dmd model. We identified candidate pools of epigenetic compounds that improve skeletal muscle structure in dmd mutant zebrafish. We then identified a specific combination of two HDACi compounds, oxamflatin and salermide, that ameliorated dmd mutant zebrafish skeletal muscle degeneration. We validated the effects of oxamflatin and salermide on dmd mutant zebrafish in an independent laboratory. Furthermore, we showed that the combination of oxamflatin and salermide caused increased levels of histone H4 acetylation in zebrafish larvae. Conclusions Our results provide novel, effective methods for performing a combination of small-molecule screen in zebrafish. Our results also add to the growing evidence that epigenetic small molecules may be promising candidates for treating DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gist H Farr
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melanie Morris
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Medical Student Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arianna Gomez
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thao Pham
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Kilroy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Elizabeth U Parker
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Medical Student Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shery Said
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clarissa Henry
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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The Quest for the Prediction of Steroid Responsiveness in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:682-683. [PMID: 32519261 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Sandonà M, Consalvi S, Tucciarone L, De Bardi M, Scimeca M, Angelini DF, Buffa V, D'Amico A, Bertini ES, Cazzaniga S, Bettica P, Bouché M, Bongiovanni A, Puri PL, Saccone V. HDAC inhibitors tune miRNAs in extracellular vesicles of dystrophic muscle-resident mesenchymal cells. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50863. [PMID: 32754983 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mesenchymal cells (i.e., fibro-adipogenic progenitors-FAPs) mediate microRNA (miR) transfer to muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and that exposure of dystrophic FAPs to HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) increases the intra-EV levels of a subset of miRs, which cooperatively target biological processes of therapeutic interest, including regeneration, fibrosis, and inflammation. Increased levels of miR-206 in EVs released by FAPs of muscles from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients or mdx mice exposed to HDACi are associated with enhanced regeneration and decreased fibrosis. Consistently, EVs from HDACi-treated dystrophic FAPs can stimulate MuSC activation and expansion ex vivo, and promote regeneration, while inhibiting fibrosis and inflammation of dystrophic muscles, upon intramuscular transplantation in mdx mice, in vivo. AntagomiR-mediated blockade of individual miRs reveals a specific requirement of miR-206 for EV-induced expansion of MuSCs and regeneration of dystrophic muscles, and indicates that cooperative activity of HDACi-induced miRs accounts for the net biological effect of these EVs. These data point to pharmacological modulation of EV content as novel strategy for therapeutic interventions in muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sandonà
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Division DAHFMO, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Consalvi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tucciarone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Division DAHFMO, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Orchidea Lab S.r.l., Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Buffa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bettica
- Clinical R&D Italfarmaco SpA, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Marina Bouché
- Division DAHFMO, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Saccone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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24
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Basha O, Mauer O, Simonovsky E, Shpringer R, Yeger-Lotem E. ResponseNet v.3: revealing signaling and regulatory pathways connecting your proteins and genes across human tissues. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:W242-W247. [PMID: 31114913 PMCID: PMC6602570 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ResponseNet v.3 is an enhanced version of ResponseNet, a web server that is designed to highlight signaling and regulatory pathways connecting user-defined proteins and genes by using the ResponseNet network optimization approach (http://netbio.bgu.ac.il/respnet). Users run ResponseNet by defining source and target sets of proteins, genes and/or microRNAs, and by specifying a molecular interaction network (interactome). The output of ResponseNet is a sparse, high-probability interactome subnetwork that connects the two sets, thereby revealing additional molecules and interactions that are involved in the studied condition. In recent years, massive efforts were invested in profiling the transcriptomes of human tissues, enabling the inference of human tissue interactomes. ResponseNet v.3 expands ResponseNet2.0 by harnessing ∼11,600 RNA-sequenced human tissue profiles made available by the Genotype-Tissue Expression consortium, to support context-specific analysis of 44 human tissues. Thus, ResponseNet v.3 allows users to illuminate the signaling and regulatory pathways potentially active in the context of a specific tissue, and to compare them with active pathways in other tissues. In the era of precision medicine, such analyses open the door for tissue- and patient-specific analyses of pathways and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Basha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Omry Mauer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Eyal Simonovsky
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Rotem Shpringer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Esti Yeger-Lotem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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25
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Histone Deacetylases (HDACs): Evolution, Specificity, Role in Transcriptional Complexes, and Pharmacological Actionability. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050556. [PMID: 32429325 PMCID: PMC7288346 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes which operate by removing acetyl groups from histones and other protein regulatory factors, with functional consequences on chromatin remodeling and gene expression profiles. We provide here a review on the recent knowledge accrued on the zinc-dependent HDAC protein family across different species, tissues, and human pathologies, specifically focusing on the role of HDAC inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. We will investigate the chemical specificity of different HDACs and discuss their role in the human interactome as members of chromatin-binding and regulatory complexes.
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26
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Suntar I, Sureda A, Belwal T, Sanches Silva A, Vacca RA, Tewari D, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Shirooie S, Dehpour AR, Xu S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M, Daglia M, D'Antona G, Nabavi SM. Natural products, PGC-1 α , and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:734-745. [PMID: 32528825 PMCID: PMC7276681 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcriptional coactivator that binds to a diverse range of transcription factors. PPARγ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) coactivators possess an extensive range of biological effects in different tissues, and play a key part in the regulation of the oxidative metabolism, consequently modulating the production of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Owing to these findings, a large body of studies, aiming to establish the role of PGC-1 in the neuromuscular system, has shown that PGC-1 could be a promising target for therapies targeting neuromuscular diseases. Among these, some evidence has shown that various signaling pathways linked to PGC-1α are deregulated in muscular dystrophy, leading to a reduced capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In the light of these results, any intervention aimed at activating PGC-1 could contribute towards ameliorating the progression of muscular dystrophies. PGC-1α is influenced by different patho-physiological/pharmacological stimuli. Natural products have been reported to display modulatory effects on PPARγ activation with fewer side effects in comparison to synthetic drugs. Taken together, this review summarizes the current knowledge on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, focusing on the potential effects of natural compounds, acting as regulators of PGC-1α.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotides
- ATF2, activating transcription factor 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BMD, Becker muscular dystrophy
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein
- CnA, calcineurin a
- DAGC, dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
- DGC, dystrophin–glycoprotein complex
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1
- DS, Down syndrome
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha
- FDA, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FOXO1, forkhead box class-O1
- GABP, GA-binding protein
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GSK3b, glycogen synthase kinase 3b
- HCT, hydrochlorothiazide
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factors
- IL, interleukin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MD, muscular dystrophy
- MEF2, myocyte enhancer factor 2
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
- Muscular dystrophy
- MyoD, myogenic differentiation
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NMJ, neuromuscular junctions
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, NO synthase
- Natural product
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PGC-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1
- PPARγ activation
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SPP1, secreted phosphoprotein 1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- UCP, uncoupling protein
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
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27
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Audano M, Pedretti S, Crestani M, Caruso D, De Fabiani E, Mitro N. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases fatty acid β-oxidation and translates into impaired neuroblast maturation. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3173-3189. [PMID: 31432511 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic transition from anaerobic glycolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation to glycolysis coupled to oxidative phosphorylation is a key process for the transition of quiescent neural stem cells to proliferative neural progenitor cells. However, a full characterization of the metabolic shift and the involvement of mitochondria during the last step of neurogenesis, from neuroblasts to neuron maturation, is still elusive. Here, we describe a model of neuroblasts, Neuro2a cells, with impaired differentiation capacity due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Using a detailed biochemical characterization consisting of steady-state metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis, we find increased fatty acid β-oxidation as a peculiar feature of neuroblasts with altered mitochondria. The consequent metabolic switch favors neuroblast proliferation at the expense of neuron maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Audano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emma De Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Bhanu NV, Sidoli S, Yuan ZF, Molden RC, Garcia BA. Regulation of proline-directed kinases and the trans-histone code H3K9me3/H4K20me3 during human myogenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8296-8308. [PMID: 30872405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a system-level analysis of proteome, phosphoproteome, and chromatin state of precursors of muscle cells (myoblasts) differentiating into specialized myotubes. Using stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture and nano-liqud chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, we found that phosphorylation motifs targeted by the kinases protein kinase C, cyclin-dependent kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase showed increased phosphorylation during myodifferentiation of LHCN-M2 human skeletal myoblast cell line. Drugs known to inhibit these kinases either promoted (PD0325901 and GW8510) or stalled (CHIR99021 and roscovitine) differentiation, resulting in myotube and myoblast phenotypes, respectively. The proteomes, especially the myogenic and chromatin-related proteins including histone methyltransferases, correlated with their phenotypes, leading us to quantify histone post-translational modifications and identify two gene-silencing marks, H3K9me3 and H4K20me3, with relative abundances changing in correlation with these phenotypes. ChIP-quantitative PCR demonstrated that H3K9me3 is erased from the gene loci of myogenic regulatory factors namely MYOD1, MYOG, and MYF5 in differentiating myotubes. Together, our work integrating histone post-translational modification, phosphoproteomics, and full proteome analysis gives a comprehensive understanding of the close connection between signaling pathways and epigenetics during myodifferentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan V Bhanu
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Rosalynn C Molden
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
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The immunosuppressant drug azathioprine restrains adipogenesis of muscle Fibro/Adipogenic Progenitors from dystrophic mice by affecting AKT signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4360. [PMID: 30867438 PMCID: PMC6416262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibro/Adipogenic Progenitors (FAPs) define a stem cell population playing a pro-regenerative role after muscle damage. When removed from their natural niche, FAPs readily differentiate into adipocytes or fibroblasts. This digressive differentiation potential, which is kept under tight control in the healthy muscle niche, contributes to fat and scar infiltrations in degenerative myopathies, such as in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Controlling FAP differentiation by means of small molecules may contribute to delay the adverse consequences of the progressive pathological degeneration while offering, at the same time, a wider temporal window for gene therapy and cell-based strategies. In a high content phenotypic screening, we identified the immunosuppressant, azathioprine (AZA) as a negative modulator of FAP adipogenesis. We show here that AZA negatively affects the adipogenic propensity of FAPs purified from wild type and mdx mice by impairing the expression of the master adipogenic regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). We show that this inhibition correlates with a decline in the activation of the AKT-mTOR axis, the main pathway that transduces the pro-adipogenic stimulus triggered by insulin. In addition, AZA exerts a cytostatic effect that has a negative impact on the mitotic clonal process that is required for the terminal differentiation of the preadipocyte-committed cells.
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30
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Abstract
Histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) control transcription during myogenesis. HDACs promote chromatin condensation, inhibiting gene transcription in muscle progenitor cells until myoblast differentiation is triggered and HDACs are released. HATs, namely CBP/p300, activate myogenic regulatory and elongation factors promoting myogenesis. HDAC inhibitors are known to improve regeneration in dystrophic muscles through follistatin upregulation. However, the potential of directly modulating HATs remains unexplored. We tested this possibility in a well-known zebrafish model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Interestingly, CBP/p300 transcripts were found downregulated in the absence of Dystrophin. While investigating CBP rescuing potential we observed that dystrophin-null embryos overexpressing CBP actually never show significant muscle damage, even before a first regeneration cycle could occur. We found that the pan-HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) also prevents early muscle damage, however the single HAT CBP is as efficient even in low doses. The HAT domain of CBP is required for its full rescuing ability. Importantly, both CBP and TSA prevent early muscle damage without restoring endogenous CBP/p300 neither increasing follistatin transcripts. This suggests a new mechanism of action of epigenetic regulators protecting dystrophin-null muscle fibres from detaching, independent from the known improvement of regeneration upon damage of HDACs inhibitors. This study builds supporting evidence that epigenetic modulators may play a role in determining the severity of muscle dystrophy, controlling the ability to resist muscle damage. Determining the mode of action leading to muscle protection can potentially lead to new treatment options for muscular dystrophies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bajanca
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Laurence Vandel
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (present address)
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31
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Evaluation of serum MMP-9 as predictive biomarker for antisense therapy in Duchenne. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17888. [PMID: 29263366 PMCID: PMC5738430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle disorder caused by lack of dystrophin. Predictive biomarkers able to anticipate response to the therapeutic treatments aiming at dystrophin re-expression are lacking. The objective of this study is to investigate Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as predictive biomarker for Duchenne. Two natural history cohorts were studied including 168 longitudinal samples belonging to 66 patients. We further studied 1536 samples obtained from 3 independent clinical trials with drisapersen, an antisense oligonucleotide targeting exon 51: an open label study including 12 patients; a phase 3 randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study involving 186 patients; an open label extension study performed after the phase 3. Analysis of natural history cohorts showed elevated MMP-9 levels in patients and a significant increase over time in longitudinal samples. MMP-9 decreased in parallel to clinical stabilization in the 12 patients involved in the open label study. The phase 3 study and subsequent extension study clarified that the decrease in MMP-9 levels was not predictive of treatment response. These data do not support the inclusion of serum MMP-9 as predictive biomarker for DMD patients.
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32
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Insights into the Pathogenic Secondary Symptoms Caused by the Primary Loss of Dystrophin. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/jfmk2040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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33
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Tsuda T, Fitzgerald KK. Dystrophic Cardiomyopathy: Complex Pathobiological Processes to Generate Clinical Phenotype. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4030014. [PMID: 29367543 PMCID: PMC5715712 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XL-DCM) consist of a unique clinical entity, the dystrophinopathies, which are due to variable mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication of dystrophinopathies, but the onset, progression, and severity of heart disease differ among these subgroups. Extensive molecular genetic studies have been conducted to assess genotype-phenotype correlation in DMD, BMD, and XL-DCM to understand the underlying mechanisms of these diseases, but the results are not always conclusive, suggesting the involvement of complex multi-layers of pathological processes that generate the final clinical phenotype. Dystrophin protein is a part of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) that is localized in skeletal muscles, myocardium, smooth muscles, and neuronal tissues. Diversity of cardiac phenotype in dystrophinopathies suggests multiple layers of pathogenetic mechanisms in forming dystrophic cardiomyopathy. In this review article, we review the complex molecular interactions involving the pathogenesis of dystrophic cardiomyopathy, including primary gene mutations and loss of structural integrity, secondary cellular responses, and certain epigenetic and other factors that modulate gene expressions. Involvement of epigenetic gene regulation appears to lead to specific cardiac phenotypes in dystrophic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsuda
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, 1600 Rockland Rd, DE 19803, USA.
| | - Kristi K Fitzgerald
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, 1600 Rockland Rd, DE 19803, USA.
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Muscle-relevant genes marked by stable H3K4me2/3 profiles and enriched MyoD binding during myogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179464. [PMID: 28609469 PMCID: PMC5469484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of histones play a key role in the regulation of gene expression during development and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown the dynamics of combinatorial regulation by transcription factors and histone modifications, in the sense that different combinations lead to distinct expression outcomes. Here, we investigated gene regulation by stable enrichment patterns of histone marks H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 in combination with the chromatin binding of the muscle tissue-specific transcription factor MyoD during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Using k-means clustering, we found that specific combinations of H3K4me2/3 profiles over and towards the gene body impact on gene expression and marks a subset of genes important for muscle development and differentiation. By further analysis, we found that the muscle key regulator MyoD was significantly enriched on this subset of genes and played a repressive role during myogenic differentiation. Among these genes, we identified the pluripotency gene Patz1, which is repressed during myogenic differentiation through direct binding of MyoD to promoter elements. These results point to the importance of integrating histone modifications and MyoD chromatin binding for coordinated gene activation and repression during myogenic differentiation.
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35
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Novel Class IIa-Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Discovered Using an in Silico Virtual Screening Approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3228. [PMID: 28607401 PMCID: PMC5468338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) contain eighteen isoforms that can be divided into four classes. Of these isoform enzymes, class IIa (containing HDAC4, 5, 7 and 9) target unique substrates, some of which are client proteins associated with epigenetic control. Class IIa HDACs are reportedly associated with some neuronal disorders, making HDACs therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, some reported HDAC inhibitors contain hydroxamate moiety that chelates with zinc ion to become the cofactor of HDAC enzymes. However, the hydroxamate functional group is shown to cause undesirable effects and has poor pharmacokinetic profile. This study used in silico virtual screening methodology to identify several nonhydroxamate compounds, obtained from National Cancer Institute database, which potentially inhibited HDAC4. Comparisons of the enzyme inhibitory activity against a panel of HDAC isoforms revealed these compounds had strong inhibitory activity against class IIa HDACs, but weak inhibitory activity against class I HDACs. Further analysis revealed that a single residue affects the cavity size between class I and class IIa HDACs, thus contributing to the selectivity of HDAC inhibitors discovered in this study. The discovery of these inhibitors presents the possibility of developing new therapeutic treatments that can circumvent the problems seen in traditional hydroxamate-based drugs.
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36
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Bianchi M, Renzini A, Adamo S, Moresi V. Coordinated Actions of MicroRNAs with other Epigenetic Factors Regulate Skeletal Muscle Development and Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E840. [PMID: 28420141 PMCID: PMC5412424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression in development, in response to cellular stress or in disease states, in virtually all cell types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that mediate RNA silencing and regulate gene expression. miRNAs were discovered in 1993 and have been extensively studied ever since. They can be expressed in a tissue-specific manner and play a crucial role in tissue development and many biological processes. miRNAs are responsible for changes in the cell epigenome because of their ability to modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recently, numerous studies have shown that miRNAs and other epigenetic factors can regulate each other or cooperate in regulating several biological processes. On the one hand, the expression of some miRNAs is silenced by DNA methylation, and histone modifications have been demonstrated to modulate miRNA expression in many cell types or disease states. On the other hand, miRNAs can directly target epigenetic factors, such as DNA methyltransferases or histone deacetylases, thus regulating chromatin structure. Moreover, several studies have reported coordinated actions between miRNAs and other epigenetic mechanisms to reinforce the regulation of gene expression. This paper reviews multiple interactions between miRNAs and epigenetic factors in skeletal muscle development and in response to stimuli or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Bianchi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Moresi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy.
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37
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Ganai SA, Ramadoss M, Mahadevan V. Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors - emerging roles in neuronal memory, learning, synaptic plasticity and neural regeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:55-71. [PMID: 26487502 PMCID: PMC4787286 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666151021111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of neuronal signalling through histone acetylation dictates transcription programs that govern neuronal memory, plasticity and learning paradigms. Histone Acetyl Transferases (HATs) and Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are antagonistic enzymes that regulate gene expression through acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins around which DNA is wrapped inside a eukaryotic cell nucleus. The epigenetic control of HDACs and the cellular imbalance between HATs and HDACs dictate disease states and have been implicated in muscular dystrophy, loss of memory, neurodegeneration and autistic disorders. Altering gene expression profiles through inhibition of HDACs is now emerging as a powerful technique in therapy. This review presents evolving applications of HDAC inhibitors as potential drugs in neurological research and therapy. Mechanisms that govern their
expression profiles in neuronal signalling, plasticity and learning will be covered. Promising and exciting possibilities of HDAC inhibitors in memory formation, fear conditioning, ischemic stroke and neural regeneration have been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijayalakshmi Mahadevan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur - 613 401 India.
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38
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Begam M, Abro VM, Mueller AL, Roche JA. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate reduces myofiber damage in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1108-1111. [PMID: 27628198 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We performed a placebo-controlled pre-clinical study to determine if sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4PB) can reduce contraction-induced myofiber damage in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). At 72 h post-eccentric contractions, 4PB significantly increased contractile torque and reduced myofiber damage and macrophage infiltration. We conclude that 4PB, which is approved by Health Canada (Pheburane) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (Buphenyl) for urea cycle disorders, might modify disease severity in patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morium Begam
- a Department of Health Care Sciences, Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave., Rm. 4440, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Valerie M Abro
- a Department of Health Care Sciences, Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave., Rm. 4440, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Amber L Mueller
- b Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Rm. 580, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joseph A Roche
- a Department of Health Care Sciences, Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave., Rm. 4440, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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39
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Sun R, Zhang S, Hu W, Lu X, Lou N, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhang X, Yang H. Valproic acid attenuates skeletal muscle wasting by inhibiting C/EBPβ-regulated atrogin1 expression in cancer cachexia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C101-15. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00344.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is the hallmark of cancer cachexia and is associated with poor quality of life and increased mortality. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has important biological effects in the treatment of muscular dystrophy. To verify whether VPA could ameliorate muscle wasting induced by cancer cachexia, we explored the role of VPA in two cancer cachectic mouse models [induced by colon-26 (C26) adenocarcinoma or Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)] and atrophied C2C12 myotubes [induced by C26 cell conditioned medium (CCM) or LLC cell conditioned medium (LCM)]. Our data demonstrated that treatment with VPA increased the mass and cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, treatment with VPA also increased the diameter of myotubes cultured in conditioned medium. The skeletal muscles in cachectic mice or atrophied myotubes treated with VPA exhibited reduced levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), resulting in atrogin1 downregulation and the eventual alleviation of muscle wasting and myotube atrophy. Moreover, atrogin1 promoter activity in myotubes was stimulated by CCM via activating the C/EBPβ-responsive cis-element and subsequently inhibited by VPA. In contrast to the effect of VPA on the levels of C/EBPβ, the levels of inactivating forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) were unaffected. In summary, VPA attenuated muscle wasting and myotube atrophy and reduced C/EBPβ binding to atrogin1 promoter locus in the myotubes. Our discoveries indicate that HDAC inhibition by VPA might be a promising new approach for the preservation of skeletal muscle in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Santao Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ning Lou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China; and
| | - Zhende Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shaoyong Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China; and
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
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40
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Wehling-Henricks M, Li Z, Lindsey C, Wang Y, Welc SS, Ramos JN, Khanlou N, Kuro-O M, Tidball JG. Klotho gene silencing promotes pathology in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2465-2482. [PMID: 27154199 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disease involving progressive loss of muscle regenerative capacity and increased fibrosis. We tested whether epigenetic silencing of the klotho gene occurs in the mdx mouse model of DMD and whether klotho silencing is an important feature of the disease. Our findings show that klotho undergoes muscle-specific silencing at the acute onset of mdx pathology. Klotho experiences increased methylation of CpG sites in its promoter region, which is associated with gene silencing, and increases in a repressive histone mark, H3K9me2. Expression of a klotho transgene in mdx mice restored their longevity, reduced muscle wasting, improved function and greatly increased the pool of muscle-resident stem cells required for regeneration. Reductions of fibrosis in late, progressive stages of the mdx pathology achieved by transgene expression were paralleled by reduced expression of Wnt target genes (axin-2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) and collagens types 1 and 3, indicating that Klotho inhibition of the profibrotic Wnt/TGFβ axis underlies its anti-fibrotic effect in aging, dystrophic muscle. Thus, epigenetic silencing of klotho during muscular dystrophy contributes substantially to lost regenerative capacity and increased fibrosis of dystrophic muscle during late progressive stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenzhi Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | | | | | - Négar Khanlou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-Aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - James G Tidball
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology .,Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
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41
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Epigenetic Reprogramming of Muscle Progenitors: Inspiration for Clinical Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:6093601. [PMID: 26839565 PMCID: PMC4709771 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of regenerative medicine, based on the potential of stem cells to restore diseased tissues, epigenetics is becoming a pivotal area of interest. Therapeutic interventions that promote tissue and organ regeneration have as primary objective the selective control of gene expression in adult stem cells. This requires a deep understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms controlling transcriptional programs in tissue progenitors. This review attempts to elucidate the principle epigenetic regulations responsible of stem cells differentiation. In particular we focus on the current understanding of the epigenetic networks that regulate differentiation of muscle progenitors by the concerted action of chromatin-modifying enzymes and noncoding RNAs. The novel exciting role of exosome-bound microRNA in mediating epigenetic information transfer is also discussed. Finally we show an overview of the epigenetic strategies and therapies that aim to potentiate muscle regeneration and counteract the progression of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
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42
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Consalvi S, Saccone V, Mozzetta C. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: a potential epigenetic treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Epigenomics 2015; 6:547-60. [PMID: 25431946 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a life-threatening genetic disease that currently has no available cure. A number of pharmacological strategies that aim to target events downstream of the genetic defect are currently under clinical investigation, and some of these are outlined in this report. In particular, we focus on the ability of histone deacetylase inhibitors to promote muscle regeneration and prevent the fibro-adipogenic degeneration of dystrophic mice. We describe the rationale behind the translation of histone deacetylase inhibitors into a clinical approach, which inspired the first clinical trial with an epigenetic drug as a potential therapeutic option for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Consalvi
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
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43
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Long PM, Tighe SW, Driscoll HE, Fortner KA, Viapiano MS, Jaworski DM. Acetate supplementation as a means of inducing glioblastoma stem-like cell growth arrest. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1929-43. [PMID: 25573156 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary adult malignant brain tumor, is associated with a poor prognosis due, in part, to tumor recurrence mediated by chemotherapy and radiation resistant glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). The metabolic and epigenetic state of GSCs differs from their non-GSC counterparts, with GSCs exhibiting greater glycolytic metabolism and global hypoacetylation. However, little attention has been focused on the potential use of acetate supplementation as a therapeutic approach. N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA), the primary storage form of brain acetate, and aspartoacylase (ASPA), the enzyme responsible for NAA catalysis, are significantly reduced in GBM tumors. We recently demonstrated that NAA supplementation is not an appropriate therapeutic approach since it increases GSC proliferation and pursued an alternative acetate source. The FDA approved food additive Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate, GTA) has been safely used for acetate supplementation therapy in Canavan disease, a leukodystrophy due to ASPA mutation. This study characterized the effects of GTA on the proliferation and differentiation of six primary GBM-derived GSCs relative to established U87 and U251 GBM cell lines, normal human cerebral cortical astrocytes, and murine neural stem cells. GTA reduced proliferation of GSCs greater than established GBM lines. Moreover, GTA reduced growth of the more aggressive mesenchymal GSCs greater than proneural GSCs. Although sodium acetate induced a dose-dependent reduction of GSC growth, it also reduced cell viability. GTA-mediated growth inhibition was not associated with differentiation, but increased protein acetylation. These data suggest that GTA-mediated acetate supplementation is a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit GSC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Long
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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Rea IM, Dellet M, Mills KI. Living long and ageing well: is epigenomics the missing link between nature and nurture? Biogerontology 2015; 17:33-54. [PMID: 26133292 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait and increasingly we understand that both genes and lifestyle interact in the longevity phenotype. Non-genetic factors, including diet, physical activity, health habits, and psychosocial factors contribute approximately 50% of the variability in human lifespan with another 25% explained by genetic differences. Family clusters of nonagenarian and centenarian siblings, who show both exceptional age-span and health-span, are likely to have inherited facilitatory gene groups, but also have nine decades of life experiences and behaviours which have interacted with their genetic profiles. Identification of their shared genes is just one small step in the link from genes to their physical and psychological profiles. Behavioural genomics is beginning to demonstrate links to biological mechanisms through regulation of gene expression, which directs the proteome and influences the personal phenotype. Epigenetics has been considered the missing link between nature and nurture. Although there is much that remains to be discovered, this article will discuss some of genetic and environmental factors which appear important in good quality longevity and link known epigenetic mechanisms to themes identified by nonagenarians themselves related to their longevity. Here we suggest that exceptional 90-year old siblings have adopted a range of behaviours and life-styles which have contributed to their ageing-well-phenotype and which link with important public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Margaret Dellet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ken I Mills
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Rokach O, Sekulic-Jablanovic M, Voermans N, Wilmshurst J, Pillay K, Heytens L, Zhou H, Muntoni F, Gautel M, Nevo Y, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Attali R, Finotti A, Gambari R, Mosca B, Jungbluth H, Zorzato F, Treves S. Epigenetic changes as a common trigger of muscle weakness in congenital myopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4636-47. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Wynne GM, Russell AJ. Drug Discovery Approaches for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases. ORPHAN DRUGS AND RARE DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782624202-00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rare neuromuscular diseases encompass many diverse and debilitating musculoskeletal disorders, ranging from ultra-orphan conditions that affect only a few families, to the so-called ‘common’ orphan diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which affect several thousand individuals worldwide. Increasingly, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, in an effort to improve productivity and rebuild dwindling pipelines, are shifting their business models away from the formerly popular ‘blockbuster’ strategy, with rare diseases being an area of increased focus in recent years. As a consequence of this paradigm shift, coupled with high-profile campaigns by not-for-profit organisations and patient advocacy groups, rare neuromuscular diseases are attracting considerable attention as new therapeutic areas for improved drug therapy. Much pioneering work has taken place to elucidate the underlying pathological mechanisms of many rare neuromuscular diseases. This, in conjunction with the availability of new screening technologies, has inspired the development of several truly innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at correcting the underlying pathology. A survey of medicinal chemistry approaches and the resulting clinical progress for new therapeutic agents targeting this devastating class of degenerative diseases is presented, using DMD and SMA as examples. Complementary strategies using small-molecule drugs and biological agents are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M. Wynne
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Angela J. Russell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Ganai SA, Kalladi SM, Mahadevan V. HDAC inhibition through valproic acid modulates the methylation profiles in human embryonic kidney cells. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1185-97. [PMID: 25012937 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.938247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications on the tails of core and linker histones dictate transcription and have vital roles in disease and development. Acetylation and deacetylation events enabled by histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) on the chromatin milieu are intricately involved in gene regulation. Inhibition of HDACs is emerging as a powerful strategy in regenerative therapy, transplantation, development and in nuclear reprogramming events. Valproic acid (VPA), belonging to the short-chain fatty acid group of HDAC inhibitors, modulates the epigenome altering gene expression profiles across cell lines. This work attempts to explore the methylation profiles triggered by VPA treatment on human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) through a biochemical and computational approach. VPA treatment (for 48 h) has been observed to hypermethylate lysine 4 on the core histone H3 and confers a hypomethylation status of H3 lysine 27 in HEK 293 cells leaving the nuclear area and nuclear contour unaltered. Our structural docking and Binding Free Energy (BFE) calculations establish an active role for VPA in inhibiting the demethylase JARID1A (Jumonji, AT Rich Interactive Domain 1A) and the methyl-transferase EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2). This work has also proven that VPA can inhibit the activity of proteins like GSK3β and PKCβII involved in developmental disorders. This work establishes a dynamic correlation between histone methylation events and HDAC inhibition and may define newer epigenetic strategies for treating neurodevelopmental and oncological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- a Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology , SASTRA University , Thanjavur 613401 , India
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Maves L. Recent advances using zebrafish animal models for muscle disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1033-45. [PMID: 24931439 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.927435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal models have enabled great progress in the discovery and understanding of pharmacological approaches for treating muscle diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AREAS COVERED With this article, the author provides the reader with a description of the zebrafish animal model, which has been employed to identify and study pharmacological approaches to muscle disease. In particular, the author focuses on how both large-scale chemical screens and targeted drug treatment studies have established zebrafish as an important model for muscle disease drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION There are a number of opportunities arising for the use of zebrafish models for further developing pharmacological approaches to muscle diseases, including studying drug combination therapies and utilizing genome editing to engineer zebrafish muscle disease models. It is the author's particular belief that the availability of a wide range of zebrafish transgenic strains for labeling immune cell types, combined with live imaging and drug treatment of muscle disease models, should allow for new elegant studies demonstrating how pharmacological approaches might influence inflammation and the immune response in muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maves
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology , Seattle, WA , USA
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Beharry AW, Sandesara PB, Roberts BM, Ferreira LF, Senf SM, Judge AR. HDAC1 activates FoxO and is both sufficient and required for skeletal muscle atrophy. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1441-53. [PMID: 24463822 PMCID: PMC3970557 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.136390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are activated, and necessary for the muscle atrophy, in several pathophysiological conditions, including muscle disuse and cancer cachexia. However, the mechanisms that lead to FoxO activation are not well defined. Recent data from our laboratory and others indicate that the activity of FoxO is repressed under basal conditions via reversible lysine acetylation, which becomes compromised during catabolic conditions. Therefore, we aimed to determine how histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins contribute to activation of FoxO and induction of the muscle atrophy program. Through the use of various pharmacological inhibitors to block HDAC activity, we demonstrate that class I HDACs are key regulators of FoxO and the muscle-atrophy program during both nutrient deprivation and skeletal muscle disuse. Furthermore, we demonstrate, through the use of wild-type and dominant-negative HDAC1 expression plasmids, that HDAC1 is sufficient to activate FoxO and induce muscle fiber atrophy in vivo and is necessary for the atrophy of muscle fibers that is associated with muscle disuse. The ability of HDAC1 to cause muscle atrophy required its deacetylase activity and was linked to the induction of several atrophy genes by HDAC1, including atrogin-1, which required deacetylation of FoxO3a. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of class I HDACs during muscle disuse, using MS-275, significantly attenuated both disuse muscle fiber atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Together, these data solidify the importance of class I HDACs in the muscle atrophy program and indicate that class I HDAC inhibitors are feasible countermeasures to impede muscle atrophy and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Beharry
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0154, USA
| | - Pooja B. Sandesara
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0154, USA
| | - Brandon M. Roberts
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0154, USA
| | - Leonardo F. Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0154, USA
| | - Sarah M. Senf
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0154, USA
| | - Andrew R. Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0154, USA
- Author for correspondence ()
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Balasubramanian A, Kawahara G, Gupta VA, Rozkalne A, Beauvais A, Kunkel LM, Gussoni E. Fam65b is important for formation of the HDAC6-dysferlin protein complex during myogenic cell differentiation. FASEB J 2014; 28:2955-69. [PMID: 24687993 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-246470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we identified family with sequence similarity 65, member B (Fam65b), as a protein transiently up-regulated during differentiation and fusion of human myogenic cells. Silencing of Fam65b expression results in severe reduction of myogenin expression and consequent lack of myoblast fusion. The molecular function of Fam65b and whether misregulation of its expression could be causative of muscle diseases are unknown. Protein pulldowns were used to identify Fam65b-interacting proteins in differentiating human muscle cells and regenerating muscle tissue. In vitro, human muscle cells were treated with histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and expression of Fam65b and interacting proteins was studied. Nontreated cells were used as controls. In vivo, expression of Fam65b was down-regulated in developing zebrafish to determine the effects on muscle development. Fam65b binds to HDAC6 and dysferlin, the protein mutated in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B. The tricomplex Fam65b-HDAC6-dysferlin is transient, and Fam65b expression is necessary for the complex to form. Treatment of myogenic cells with pan-HDAC or HDAC6-specific inhibitors alters Fam65b expression, while dysferlin expression does not change. Inhibition of Fam65b expression in developing zebrafish results in abnormal muscle, with low birefringence, tears at the myosepta, and increased embryo lethality. Fam65b is an essential component of the HDAC6-dysferlin complex. Down-regulation of Fam65b in developing muscle causes changes consistent with muscle disease.-Balasubramanian, A., Kawahara, G., Gupta, V. A., Rozkalne, A., Beauvais, A., Kunkel, L. M., Gussoni, E. Fam65b is important for formation of the HDAC6-dysferlin protein complex during myogenic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ariane Beauvais
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- Program in Genomics, Division of Genetics and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Program in Genomics, Division of Genetics and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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