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Baert L, Mahmudul HM, Stegall M, Joo H, Oh S. B Cell-mediated Immune Regulation and the Quest for Transplantation Tolerance. Transplantation 2024; 108:2021-2033. [PMID: 38389135 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pathophysiologic function of B cells in graft rejection has been well recognized in transplantation. B cells promote alloantigen-specific T-cell response and secrete antibodies that can cause antibody-mediated graft failures and rejections. Therefore, strategies targeting B cells, for example, B-cell depletion, have been used for the prevention of both acute and chronic rejections. Interestingly, however, recent mounting evidence indicates that subsets of B cells yet to be further identified can display potent immune regulatory functions, and they contribute to transplantation tolerance and operational tolerance in both experimental and clinical settings, respectively. In this review, we integrate currently available information on B-cell subsets, including T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive transitional and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive memory B cells, displaying immune regulatory functions, with a focus on transplantation tolerance, by analyzing their mechanisms of action. In addition, we will discuss potential T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive B cell-based strategies for the enhancement of operational tolerance in transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Baert
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | - Mark Stegall
- Department of Surgery, William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
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Freitas GRR, Fernandes MDL, Agena F, Lemos FBC, de Paula FJ, Coelho V, David-Neto E, Galante NZ. Effects of two immunosuppression regimens on T-lymphocyte subsets in elderly kidney transplant recipients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405855. [PMID: 39372414 PMCID: PMC11449757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the growing number of elderly kidney transplant (Ktx) recipients, few studies have examined the effects of immunosuppression on their lymphocyte profiles. Methods We evaluated the early conversion from mycophenolate sodium (MPS) to everolimus (EVL) after rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) 2 mg/kg induction in elderly kidney recipients. Three groups of KTx patients were compared: (a) Young (n=20, 36 ± 7 y) receiving standard immunosuppression (Group A1) (prednisone, tacrolimus, and MPS), (b) Elderly (n=35, 65 ± 3 y) receiving standard immunosuppression (Group B1), and (c) Elderly (n=16, 65 ± 3 y) with early (mean 30 d) conversion from MPS to EVL (Group B2). Naive, memory, and regulatory peripheral blood TCD4+ lymphocytes were quantified at 0, 30, and 365 d. Results Results are reported as [mean(p25-p75)]. Young recipients had higher lymphocyte counts at baseline [2,100(1,630-2,400) vs. 1,310 (1,000-1,600)/mm3, p<0.0001] maintained higher counts within 365 d [1,850(1,590-2,120) vs. 1,130(460-1,325)/mm3, p=0.018 and vs. 1,410(805-1,895)/mm3, p=0.268]. Elderly recipients showed a decrease in lymphocytes within 30 d [1,310(1,000-1,600) vs. 910(700-1,198)/mm3, p=0.0012] with recovery within 365 d. The same pattern was observed in total lymphocytes and TCD4+ counts. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin induced a reduction in central memory T-cell percentages at 30 d in both young recipients [6.2(3.77-10.8) vs. 5.32(2.49-7.28)% of CD4+, p=0.036] and in elderly recipients [8.17(5.28-12.88) vs. 6.74(4.36-11)% of CD4+, p=0.05] on standard immunosuppression, returning to baseline at 365 d in elderly recipients but not in young recipients. Regulatory T CD39+ cells (Treg) percentages decreased at 30 d in elderly recipients [2.1(1.23-3.51) vs. 1.69(0.8-2.66)% of CD4+, p=0.0028] and in young recipients [1.29(0.45-1.85) vs. 0.84(0.18-1.82)% of CD4+, p=0.0038], returning to baseline at 365 d in elderly recipients [2.1(1.23-3.51) vs. 2.042(0.88-2.42)% of CD4+], but not in young recipients [1.29(0.45-1.85) vs. 0.86(0.7-1.34) % of CD4+]. The elderly everolimus conversion group did not show significant changes in cell profile over time or compared to elderly recipients with standard immunosuppression. Conclusion Aging favored the maintenance of Treg during the late transplantation period despite ongoing immunosuppression. Lymphocyte depletion due to rATG was more prominent in elderly recipients and affected memory subsets with a temporary reduction in central memory T cells. However, conversion to everolimus did not impact Treg profile. Reducing the dose of rATG in elderly recipients seems necessary for the expected lymphocyte changes with EVL to occur. Clinical trial registration nEverOld Trial, identifier NTC01631058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Rubens R. Freitas
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de transplante renal, Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria da Luz Fernandes
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Agena
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine B. C. Lemos
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio J. de Paula
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica Coelho
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 19 (LIM-19), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elias David-Neto
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Z. Galante
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pavel-Dinu M, Gardner CL, Nakauchi Y, Kawai T, Delmonte OM, Palterer B, Bosticardo M, Pala F, Viel S, Malech HL, Ghanim HY, Bode NM, Kurgan GL, Detweiler AM, Vakulskas CA, Neff NF, Sheikali A, Menezes ST, Chrobok J, Hernández González EM, Majeti R, Notarangelo LD, Porteus MH. Genetically corrected RAG2-SCID human hematopoietic stem cells restore V(D)J-recombinase and rescue lymphoid deficiency. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1820-1833. [PMID: 38096800 PMCID: PMC11006817 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recombination-activating genes (RAG1 and RAG2) are critical for lymphoid cell development and function by initiating the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) (V(D)J)-recombination process to generate polyclonal lymphocytes with broad antigen specificity. The clinical manifestations of defective RAG1/2 genes range from immune dysregulation to severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs), causing life-threatening infections and death early in life without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Despite improvements, haploidentical HCT without myeloablative conditioning carries a high risk of graft failure and incomplete immune reconstitution. The RAG complex is only expressed during the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle in the early stages of T- and B-cell development, underscoring that a direct gene correction might capture the precise temporal expression of the endogenous gene. Here, we report a feasibility study using the CRISPR/Cas9-based "universal gene-correction" approach for the RAG2 locus in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from healthy donors and RAG2-SCID patient. V(D)J-recombinase activity was restored after gene correction of RAG2-SCID-derived HSPCs, resulting in the development of T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ and γδ CD3+ cells and single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. TCR repertoire analysis indicated a normal distribution of CDR3 length and preserved usage of the distal TRAV genes. We confirmed the in vivo rescue of B-cell development with normal immunoglobulin M surface expression and a significant decrease in CD56bright natural killer cells. Together, we provide specificity, toxicity, and efficacy data supporting the development of a gene-correction therapy to benefit RAG2-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Pavel-Dinu
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Cameron L. Gardner
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuke Nakauchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Francesca Pala
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sebastien Viel
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Service d’immunologie biologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectivologie, Centre International de Recheerche in Infectivalogie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherge Scientifique, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hana Y. Ghanim
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Sheikali
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sherah T. Menezes
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jade Chrobok
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Elaine M. Hernández González
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew H. Porteus
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Guzel HG, Yilmaz VT, Koksoy S, Kocak H, Kisaoglu A, Soylu M, Akkaya B, Demiryilmaz I, Aydinli B, Suleymanlar G. Regulatory B Cells Profile in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Chronic-Active Antibody-Mediated Rejection. Transplant Proc 2023:S0041-1345(23)00153-7. [PMID: 37061353 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the relationship between regulatory B cell (Breg) subsets and chronic-active antibody-mediated rejection (c-aABMR) in renal transplant recipients. Our study involved 3 groups of participants: renal transplant recipients with biopsy-proven c-aABMR as the chronic rejection group (c-aABMR, n = 23), recipients with stable graft functions as the patient control group (PC; n = 11), and healthy volunteers (HV; n = 11). Breg subsets, immature/transitional B cells, plasmablastic cells, B10 cells, and BR1 cells were isolated from venous blood samples by flow cytometry. The median values of Breg frequencies in the total lymphocyte population were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the study groups for immature and/or transitional B cell frequencies. Plasmablastic cell frequencies of the c-aABMR group (7.80 [2.10-27.40]) and the PC group (6.00 [1.80-55.50]) were similar, but both of these values were significantly higher than the HVs' (3.40 [1.20-8.50]), (respectively, P = .005 and P = .039). B10 cell frequencies were also similar, comparing the c-aABMR (4.20 [0.10-7.40]) and the PC groups (4.10 [0.10-5.90]), whereas the HVs (5.90 [2.90-8.50]) had the highest B10 cell frequency with an only statistical significance against the PC group (respectively, P = .09 and P = .028). The c-aABMR and the PC groups were similar regarding BR1 cell frequencies. However, the HV group significantly had the highest frequency of BR1 cells (5.50 [2.80-10.80]) than the other groups (P < .001 for both). We demonstrated that frequencies of B10 and BR1 cells were higher in HVs than in transplant recipients, regardless of rejection state. However, there was no significant relation between Breg frequencies and the c-aABMR state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Goksel Guzel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Vural Taner Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Sadi Koksoy
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kocak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Kisaoglu
- Department of General Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Soylu
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Akkaya
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Demiryilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bülent Aydinli
- Department of General Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gultekin Suleymanlar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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IL-10-producing memory B regulatory cells as a novel target for HLA-G to prolong human kidney allograft survival. Hum Immunol 2023:S0198-8859(23)00044-7. [PMID: 36934068 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the role of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in autoimmunity, their distinct role and function in kidney transplant outcomes remain elusive. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the proportion of Bregs, transitional Bregs (tBregs) and memory Bregs (mBregs) and their capacity to produce IL-10 in non-rejected (NR) versus rejected (RJ) kidney transplant recipients. In the NR group, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of mBregs (CD19+CD24hiCD27+) but no difference in tBregs (CD19+CD24hiCD38+), as compared to the RJ group. We also observed a significant increase in IL-10-producing mBregs (CD19+CD24hiCD27+IL-10+) in the NR group. As our group and others have previously reported a potential role of the human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in human renal allograft survival, notably through IL-10, we then investigated possible crosstalk between HLA-G and IL-10+ mBregs. Our ex vivo data suggest a role of HLA-G in enhancing IL-10+ mBreg expansion upon stimulation, which further decreased CD3+ T cell proliferation capability. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified potential key signaling pathways involved in HLA-G-driven IL-10+ mBreg expansion, such as the MAPK, TNF and chemokine signaling pathways. Together, our study highlights a novel HLA-G-mediated IL-10-producing mBreg pathway that may serve as a therapeutic target to improve kidney allograft survival.
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Zhang D, Ye Y, Hu X. A non-invasive piTreg-related gene signature for spontaneous tolerance in renal transplantation. Gene X 2023; 848:146901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Mai HL, Degauque N, Lorent M, Rimbert M, Renaudin K, Danger R, Kerleau C, Tilly G, Vivet A, Le Bot S, Delbos F, Walencik A, Giral M, Brouard S. Kidney allograft rejection is associated with an imbalance of B cells, regulatory T cells and differentiated CD28-CD8+ T cells: analysis of a cohort of 1095 graft biopsies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151127. [PMID: 37168864 PMCID: PMC10164960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The human immune system contains cells with either effector/memory or regulatory functions. Besides the well-established CD4+CD25hiCD127lo regulatory T cells (Tregs), we and others have shown that B cells can also have regulatory functions since their frequency and number are increased in kidney graft tolerance and B cell depletion as induction therapy may lead to acute rejection. On the other hand, we have shown that CD28-CD8+ T cells represent a subpopulation with potent effector/memory functions. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that kidney allograft rejection may be linked to an imbalance of effector/memory and regulatory immune cells. Methods Based on a large cohort of more than 1000 kidney graft biopsies with concomitant peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotyping, we investigated the association between kidney graft rejection and the percentage and absolute number of circulating B cells, Tregs, as well as the ratio of B cells to CD28-CD8+ T cells and the ratio of CD28-CD8+ T cells to Tregs. Kidney graft biopsies were interpreted according to the Banff classification and divided into 5 biopsies groups: 1) normal/subnormal, 2) interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy grade 2/3 (IFTA), 3) antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), 4) T cell mediated-rejection (TCMR), and 5) borderline rejection. We compared group 1 with the other groups as well as with a combined group 3, 4, and 5 (rejection of all types) using multivariable linear mixed models. Results and discussion We found that compared to normal/subnormal biopsies, rejection of all types was marginally associated with a decrease in the percentage of circulating B cells (p=0.06) and significantly associated with an increase in the ratio of CD28-CD8+ T cells to Tregs (p=0.01). Moreover, ABMR, TCMR (p=0.007), and rejection of all types (p=0.0003) were significantly associated with a decrease in the ratio of B cells to CD28-CD8+ T cells compared to normal/subnormal biopsies. Taken together, our results show that kidney allograft rejection is associated with an imbalance between immune cells with effector/memory functions and those with regulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Le Mai
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Marine Lorent
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Marie Rimbert
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Centre d’ImmunoMonitorage Nantes-Atlantique (CIMNA), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karine Renaudin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Clarisse Kerleau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Gaelle Tilly
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Anaïs Vivet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Sabine Le Bot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Magali Giral
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Fondation Centaure (RTRS), Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Magali Giral, ; Sophie Brouard,
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
- Fondation Centaure (RTRS), Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Magali Giral, ; Sophie Brouard,
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Morath C, Schaier M, Ibrahim E, Wang L, Kleist C, Opelz G, Süsal C, Ponath G, Aly M, Alvarez CM, Kälble F, Speer C, Benning L, Nusshag C, Pego da Silva L, Sommerer C, Hückelhoven-Krauss A, Czock D, Mehrabi A, Schwab C, Waldherr R, Schnitzler P, Merle U, Tran TH, Scherer S, Böhmig GA, Müller-Tidow C, Reiser J, Zeier M, Schmitt M, Terness P, Schmitt A, Daniel V. Induction of Long-Lasting Regulatory B Lymphocytes by Modified Immune Cells in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:160-174. [PMID: 36137752 PMCID: PMC10101591 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that donor-derived modified immune cells (MICs)-PBMCs that acquire immunosuppressive properties after a brief treatment-induced specific immunosuppression against the allogeneic donor when administered before kidney transplantation. We found up to a 68-fold increase in CD19 + CD24 hi CD38 hi transitional B lymphocytes compared with transplanted controls. METHODS Ten patients from a phase 1 clinical trial who had received MIC infusions before kidney transplantation were followed to post-transplant day 1080. RESULTS Patients treated with MICs had a favorable clinical course, showing no donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies or acute rejections. The four patients who had received the highest dose of MICs 7 days before surgery and were on reduced immunosuppressive therapy showed an absence of in vitro lymphocyte reactivity against stimulatory donor blood cells, whereas reactivity against third party cells was preserved. In these patients, numbers of transitional B lymphocytes were 75-fold and seven-fold higher than in 12 long-term survivors on minimal immunosuppression and four operationally tolerant patients, respectively ( P <0.001 for both). In addition, we found significantly higher numbers of other regulatory B lymphocyte subsets and a gene expression signature suggestive of operational tolerance in three of four patients. In MIC-treated patients, in vitro lymphocyte reactivity against donor blood cells was restored after B lymphocyte depletion, suggesting a direct pathophysiologic role of regulatory B lymphocytes in donor-specific unresponsiveness. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that donor-specific immunosuppression after MIC infusion is long-lasting and associated with a striking increase in regulatory B lymphocytes. Donor-derived MICs appear to be an immunoregulatory cell population that when administered to recipients before transplantation, may exert a beneficial effect on kidney transplants. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER MIC Cell Therapy for Individualized Immunosuppression in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients (TOL-1), NCT02560220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schaier
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eman Ibrahim
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lei Wang
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kleist
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Opelz
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Transplant Immunology Research Center of Excellence, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gerald Ponath
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Aly
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Cristiam M. Alvarez
- Cellular Immunology and Immunogenetics Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Florian Kälble
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudius Speer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louise Benning
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luiza Pego da Silva
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommerer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Hückelhoven-Krauss
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Czock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Waldherr
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Schnitzler
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thuong Hien Tran
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Scherer
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg A. Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Terness
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Daniel
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Morath C, Schmitt A, Schmitt M, Wang L, Kleist C, Opelz G, Süsal C, Tran TH, Scherer S, Schwenger V, Kemmner S, Fischereder M, Stangl M, Hauser IA, Sommerer C, Nusshag C, Kälble F, Speer C, Benning L, Bischofs C, Sauer S, Schubert ML, Kunz A, Hückelhoven-Krauss A, Neuber B, Mehrabi A, Schwab C, Waldherr R, Sander A, Büsch C, Czock D, Böhmig GA, Reiser J, Roers A, Müller-Tidow C, Terness P, Zeier M, Daniel V, Schaier M. Individualised immunosuppression with intravenously administered donor-derived modified immune cells compared with standard of care in living donor kidney transplantation (TOL-2 Study): protocol for a multicentre, open-label, phase II, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066128. [PMID: 36368749 PMCID: PMC9660568 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Donor-derived modified immune cells (MIC) induced long-term specific immunosuppression against the allogeneic donor in preclinical models of transplantation. In a phase I clinical trial (TOL-1 Study), MIC treatment resulted in a cellular phenotype that was directly and indirectly suppressive to the recipient's immune system allowing for reduction of conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Here, we describe a protocol for a randomised controlled, multicentre phase-IIb clinical trial of individualised immunosuppression with intravenously administered donor MIC compared with standard-of-care (SoC) in living donor kidney transplantation (TOL-2 Study). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Sixty-three living donor kidney transplant recipients from six German transplant centres are randomised 2:1 to treatment with MIC (MIC group, N=42) or no treatment with MIC (control arm, N=21). MIC are manufactured from donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions. The primary objective of this trial is to determine the efficacy of MIC treatment together with reduced conventional immunosuppressive therapy in terms of achieving an operational tolerance-like phenotype compared with SoC 12 months after MIC administration. Key secondary endpoints are the number of patient-relevant infections as well as a composite of biopsy-proven acute rejection, graft loss, graft dysfunction or death. Immunosuppressive therapy of MIC-treated patients is reduced during follow-up under an extended immunological monitoring including human leucocyte antigen-antibody testing, and determination of lymphocyte subsets, for example, regulatory B lymphocytes (Breg) and antidonor T cell response. A Data Safety Monitoring Board has been established to allow an independent assessment of safety and efficacy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been provided by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (AFmu-580/2021, 17 March 2022) and from the Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany (Vorlage-Nr. 4586/02, 21 March 2022). Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients and respective donors prior to enrolment in the study. The results from the TOL-2 Study will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals and will be presented at symposia and scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05365672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morath
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, DZIF, TTU-IICH, Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kleist
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Opelz
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Transplant Immunology Research Center of Excellence, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Hien Tran
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Scherer
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Kemmner
- Transplant Center, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Fischereder
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Stangl
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingeborg A Hauser
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommerer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, DZIF, TTU-IICH, Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kälble
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudius Speer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louise Benning
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Bischofs
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Sauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Luisa Schubert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kunz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Hückelhoven-Krauss
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Neuber
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Institut of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Waldherr
- Institut of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Sander
- Institut of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Büsch
- Institut of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Czock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg A Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Terness
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Daniel
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schaier
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Coexistence of sickle cell disease and systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with quantitative and qualitative impairments in circulating regulatory B cells. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:818-825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Ex vivo-expanded human CD19 +TIM-1 + regulatory B cells suppress immune responses in vivo and are dependent upon the TIM-1/STAT3 axis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3121. [PMID: 35660734 PMCID: PMC9166804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) are a heterogenous population with immune-modulating functions. The rarity of human IL-10+ Breg makes translational studies difficult. Here we report ex vivo expansion of human B cells with in vivo regulatory function (expBreg). CD154-stimulation of human CD19+ B cells drives >900-fold expansion of IL-10+ B cells that is maintained in culture for 14 days. Whilst expBreg-mediated suppressive function is partially dependent on IL-10 expression, CRISPR-mediated gene deletions demonstrate predominant roles for TIM-1 and CD154. TIM-1 regulates STAT3 signalling and modulates downstream suppressive function. In a clinically relevant humanised mouse model of skin transplantation, expBreg prolongs human allograft survival. Meanwhile, CD19+CD73-CD25+CD71+TIM-1+CD154+ Breg cells are enriched in the peripheral blood of human donors with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). TIM-1+ and pSTAT3+ B cells are also identified in B cell clusters within histological sections of human cutaneous SCC tumours. Our findings thus provide insights on Breg homoeostasis and present possible targets for Breg-related therapies.
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12
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Glass MC, Glass DR, Oliveria JP, Mbiribindi B, Esquivel CO, Krams SM, Bendall SC, Martinez OM. Human IL-10-producing B cells have diverse states that are induced from multiple B cell subsets. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110728. [PMID: 35443184 PMCID: PMC9107325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress immune responses through the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10). This immunomodulatory capacity holds therapeutic potential, yet a definitional immunophenotype for enumeration and prospective isolation of B cells capable of IL-10 production remains elusive. Here, we simultaneously quantify cytokine production and immunophenotype in human peripheral B cells across a range of stimulatory conditions and time points using mass cytometry. Our analysis shows that multiple functional B cell subsets produce IL-10 and that no phenotype uniquely identifies IL-10+ B cells. Further, a significant portion of IL-10+ B cells co-express the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Despite this heterogeneity, operationally tolerant liver transplant recipients have a unique enrichment of IL-10+, but not TNFα+ or IL-6+, B cells compared with transplant recipients receiving immunosuppression. Thus, human IL-10-producing B cells constitute an induced, transient state arising from a diversity of B cell subsets that may contribute to maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla C Glass
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David R Glass
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John-Paul Oliveria
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Berenice Mbiribindi
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O Esquivel
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sheri M Krams
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia M Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Yeo WS, Ng QX. Biomarkers of immune tolerance in kidney transplantation: an overview. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:489-498. [PMID: 33712863 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kidney failure, one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and with increasing incidence, is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently available modes of kidney replacement therapy include dialysis and kidney transplantation. Though kidney transplantation is the preferred and ideal mode of kidney replacement therapy, this modality, however, is not without its risks. Kidney transplant recipients are constantly at risk of complications associated with immunosuppression, namely, opportunistic infections (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and complications associated with immunosuppressants (e.g., calcineurin inhibitor- and corticosteroid-associated new onset diabetes after transplantation and calcineurin inhibitor-associated nephrotoxicity). Transplantation tolerance, an acquired state in which immunocompetent recipients have developed donor-specific unresponsiveness, may be the Holy Grail in enabling optimal allograft survival and obviating the risks associated with immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients. This review aims to discuss the biomarkers available to predict, identify, and define the transplant immune tolerant state and various tolerance induction strategies. Regrettably, pediatric patients have not been included in any tolerance studies and this should be the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Song Yeo
- Mount Elizabeth Hospital, 3 Mount Elizabeth, Singapore, 228510, Singapore.
| | - Qin Xiang Ng
- MOH Holdings Pte Ltd, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore, 099253, Singapore
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14
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Dubouchet L, Todorov H, Seurinck R, Vallet N, Van Gassen S, Corneau A, Blanc C, Zouali H, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Ingram B, de Latour RP, Saeys Y, Socié G, Michonneau D. Operational tolerance after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is characterized by distinct transcriptional, phenotypic, and metabolic signatures. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg3083. [PMID: 35196024 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying operational tolerance after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in humans are poorly understood. We studied two independent cohorts of patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings. Primary tolerance was associated with long-lasting reshaping of the recipients' immune system compared to their healthy donors with an increased proportion of regulatory T cell subsets and decreased T cell activation, proliferation, and migration. Transcriptomics profiles also identified a role for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis in the regulation of immune cell functions. We then compared individuals with operational tolerance and nontolerant recipients at the phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic level. We observed alterations centered on CD38+-activated T and B cells in nontolerant patients. In tolerant patients, cell subsets with regulatory functions were prominent. RNA sequencing analyses highlighted modifications in the tolerant patients' transcriptomic profiles, particularly with overexpression of the ectoenzyme NT5E (encoding CD73), which could counterbalance CD38 enzymatic functions by producing adenosine. Further, metabolomic analyses suggested a central role of androgens in establishing operational tolerance. These data were confirmed using an integrative approach to evaluating the immune landscape associated with operational tolerance. Thus, balance between a CD38-activated immune state and CD73-related production of adenosine may be a key regulator of operational tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Todorov
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Seurinck
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sofie Van Gassen
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Corneau
- Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpétrière (CyPS), UMS037-PASS, Sorbonne Université-Faculté de Médecine, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpétrière (CyPS), UMS037-PASS, Sorbonne Université-Faculté de Médecine, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Habib Zouali
- Centre d'étude du polymorphisme humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre d'étude du polymorphisme humain, 75010 Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | | | - Regis Peffault de Latour
- Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gérard Socié
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, F-75010 Paris, France.,Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - David Michonneau
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, F-75010 Paris, France.,Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
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15
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Min Q, Meng X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Li Y, Lai N, Xiong E, Wang W, Yasuda S, Yu M, Zhang H, Sun J, Wang X, Wang JY. RAG1 splicing mutation causes enhanced B cell differentiation and autoantibody production. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148887. [PMID: 34622798 PMCID: PMC8525647 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic RAG1 or RAG2 mutations cause primary immunodeficiencies and can lead to autoimmunity, but the underlying mechanisms are elusive. We report here a patient carrying a c.116+2T>G homozygous splice site mutation in the first intron of RAG1, which led to aberrant splicing and greatly reduced RAG1 protein expression. B cell development was blocked at both the pro-B to pre-B transition and the pre-B to immature B cell differentiation step. The patient B cells had reduced B cell receptor repertoire diversity and decreased complementarity determining region 3 lengths. Despite B cell lymphopenia, the patient had abundant plasma cells in the BM and produced large quantities of IgM and IgG Abs, including autoantibodies. The proportion of naive B cells was reduced while the frequency of IgD–CD27– double-negative (DN) B cells, which quickly differentiated into Ab-secreting plasma cells upon stimulation, was greatly increased. Immune phenotype analysis of 52 patients with primary immunodeficiency revealed a strong association of the increased proportion of DN B and memory B cells with decreased number and proportion of naive B cells. These results suggest that the lymphopenic environment triggered naive B cell differentiation into DN B and memory B cells, leading to increased Ab production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Lai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ermeng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoya Yasuda
- School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqiao Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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TCL1A, B Cell Regulation and Tolerance in Renal Transplantation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061367. [PMID: 34206047 PMCID: PMC8230170 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite much progress in the management of kidney transplantation, the need for life-long immunosuppressive therapies remains a major issue representing many risks for patients. Operational tolerance, defined as allograft acceptance without immunosuppression, has logically been subject to many investigations with the aim of a better understanding of post-transplantation mechanisms and potentially how it would be induced in patients. Among proposed biomarkers, T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A) has been observed as overexpressed in the peripheral blood of operational tolerant patients in several studies. TCL1A expression is restricted to early B cells, also increased in the blood of tolerant patients, and showing regulatory properties, notably through IL-10 secretion for some subsets. TCL1A has first been identified as an oncogene, overexpression of which is associated to the development of T and B cell cancer. TCL1A acts as a coactivator of the serine threonine kinase Akt and through other interactions favoring cell survival, growth, and proliferation. It has also been identified as interacting with others major actors involved in B cells differentiation and regulation, including IL-10 production. Herein, we reviewed known interactions and functions of TCL1A in B cells which could involve its potential role in the set up and maintenance of renal allograft tolerance.
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17
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Long W, Zhang H, Yuan W, Lan G, Lin Z, Peng L, Dai H. The Role of Regulatory B cells in Kidney Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683926. [PMID: 34108975 PMCID: PMC8183681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells, commonly regarded as proinflammatory antibody-producing cells, are detrimental to individuals with autoimmune diseases. However, in recent years, several studies have shown that regulatory B (Breg) cells, an immunosuppressive subset of B cells, may exert protective effects against autoimmune diseases by secretion of inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10. In practice, Breg cells are identified by their production of immune-regulatory cytokines, such as IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35, however, no specific marker or Breg cell-specific transcription factor has been identified. Multiple phenotypes of Breg cells have been found, whose functions vary according to their phenotype. This review summarizes the discovery, phenotypes, development, and function of Breg cells and highlights their potential therapeutic value in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Long
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjia Yuan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Gongbin Lan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Catalán D, Mansilla MA, Ferrier A, Soto L, Oleinika K, Aguillón JC, Aravena O. Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:611795. [PMID: 33995344 PMCID: PMC8118522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Andrés Mansilla
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ashley Ferrier
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Luo Y, Luo F, Zhang K, Wang S, Zhang H, Yang X, Shang W, Wang J, Wang Z, Pang X, Feng Y, Liu L, Xie H, Feng G, Li J. Elevated Circulating IL-10 Producing Breg, but Not Regulatory B Cell Levels, Restrain Antibody-Mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:627496. [PMID: 33584730 PMCID: PMC7877339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.627496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occupies a major position for chronic rejection after kidney transplantation. Regulatory B cell (Breg) has been reported to have an inhibitory immune function, which contributes to the resistance for AMR. Methods A nested case–control study for nine healthy donors, 25 stable (ST) patients, and 18 AMR patients was performed to determine the type of Breg in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing AMR. Results Compared to the ST group, circulating interleukin (IL)-10+ Bregs, but not Bregs, significantly decreased. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that rather than the circulating Bregs, decreased circulating IL-10+ Breg levels were positively associated with AMR. However, kidney B cell and IL-10 infiltration was significantly increased in the AMR group with high expression of C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13). In addition, circulating IL-10+ Bregs, rather than Bregs, remained higher than those at pre-operation, during the 90-day post-operation in immune homeostasis. Conclusion The circulating IL-10+ Breg levels are more appropriate measures for assessing the resistance of AMR after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Luo
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuanxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianlei Yang
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Shang
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinlu Pang
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Feng
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Xie
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiwen Feng
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Morath C, Schmitt A, Kleist C, Daniel V, Opelz G, Süsal C, Ibrahim E, Kälble F, Speer C, Nusshag C, Pego da Silva L, Sommerer C, Wang L, Ni M, Hückelhoven-Krauss A, Czock D, Merle U, Mehrabi A, Sander A, Hackbusch M, Eckert C, Waldherr R, Schnitzler P, Müller-Tidow C, Hoheisel JD, Mustafa SA, Alhamdani MS, Bauer AS, Reiser J, Zeier M, Schmitt M, Schaier M, Terness P. Phase I trial of donor-derived modified immune cell infusion in kidney transplantation. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2364-2376. [PMID: 31990685 DOI: 10.1172/jci133595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPreclinical experiments have shown that donor blood cells, modified in vitro by an alkylating agent (modified immune cells [MICs]), induced long-term specific immunosuppression against the allogeneic donor.METHODSIn this phase I trial, patients received either 1.5 × 106 MICs per kg BW on day -2 (n = 3, group A), or 1.5 × 108 MICs per kg BW on day -2 (n = 3, group B) or day -7 (n = 4, group C) before living donor kidney transplantation in addition to post-transplantation immunosuppression. The primary outcome measure was the frequency of adverse events (AEs) until day 30 (study phase) with follow-up out to day 360.RESULTSMIC infusions were extremely well tolerated. During the study phase, 10 treated patients experienced a total of 69 AEs that were unlikely to be related or not related to MIC infusion. No donor-specific human leukocyte antigen Abs or rejection episodes were noted, even though the patients received up to 1.3 × 1010 donor mononuclear cells before transplantation. Group C patients with low immunosuppression during follow-up showed no in vitro reactivity against stimulatory donor blood cells on day 360, whereas reactivity against third-party cells was still preserved. Frequencies of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional B lymphocytes (Bregs) increased from a median of 6% before MIC infusion to 20% on day 180, which was 19- and 68-fold higher, respectively, than in 2 independent cohorts of transplanted controls. The majority of Bregs produced the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. MIC-treated patients showed the Immune Tolerance Network operational tolerance signature.CONCLUSIONMIC administration was safe and could be a future tool for the targeted induction of tolerogenic Bregs.TRIAL REGISTRATIONEudraCT number: 2014-002086-30; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02560220.FUNDINGFederal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Technology, Berlin, Germany, and TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology
| | - Christian Kleist
- Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology.,Department of Nuclear Medicine
| | | | | | - Caner Süsal
- Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology
| | - Eman Ibrahim
- Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology
| | - Florian Kälble
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudius Speer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luiza Pego da Silva
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommerer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology
| | | | - David Czock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology
| | | | | | - Anja Sander
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics
| | | | | | | | - Paul Schnitzler
- Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shakhawan A Mustafa
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Andrea S Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schaier
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,TolerogenixX GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Chekol Abebe E, Asmamaw Dejenie T, Mengie Ayele T, Dagnew Baye N, Agegnehu Teshome A, Tilahun Muche Z. The Role of Regulatory B Cells in Health and Diseases: A Systemic Review. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:75-84. [PMID: 33469337 PMCID: PMC7811483 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s286426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Equivalent to regulatory T cells, a novel B cell populace, called regulatory B cells (Bregs), has been found to exert a negative immune regulatory role. These subsets of cells account for 0.5% of human B cells from the periphery that expand after activation upon certain stimuli depending on the nature of the microenvironment and provide a variety of Breg cell phenotypes. The increasing number of suppressive mechanisms attributed to Bregs suggests that these immune cells play many roles in immune regulation. Bregs have been confirmed to play a role in host defense mechanisms of healthy individuals as well as they play pathologic and protective roles in diseases or other conditions. Accumulating evidence reported that Bregs have a role in autoimmune and infectious diseases to lower inflammation, and in cancer to attenuate antitumor immune responses, thereby to promote cancer growth and metastasis. More recently, Bregs are also found to be involved in conditions like transplantation for transplant tolerance, during pregnancy to create an immune-privileged uterine environment and during early neonate life. Herein, the review summarizes recent findings aimed to provide understanding on the Breg cells, in the hope to gain insight on the general overview, development, mechanism of activation, and action of Bregs as well as their potential roles in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Teklie Mengie Ayele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Dagnew Baye
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Agegnehu Teshome
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Tilahun Muche
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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22
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Beckett J, Hester J, Issa F, Shankar S. Regulatory B cells in transplantation: roadmaps to clinic. Transpl Int 2020; 33:1353-1368. [PMID: 32725703 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, an additional and important role for B cells has been established in immune regulation. Preclinical studies demonstrate that regulatory B cells (Breg) can prolong allograft survival in animal models and induce regulatory T cells. Operationally tolerant human kidney transplant recipients demonstrate B-cell-associated gene signatures of immune tolerance, and novel therapeutic agents can induce Bregs in phase I clinical trials in transplantation. Our rapidly expanding appreciation of this novel B-cell subtype has made the road to clinical application a reality. Here, we outline several translational pathways by which Bregs could soon be introduced to the transplant clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Beckett
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sushma Shankar
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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Christakoudi S, Runglall M, Mobillo P, Rebollo-Mesa I, Tsui TL, Nova-Lamperti E, Taube C, Norris S, Kamra Y, Hilton R, Augustine T, Bhandari S, Baker R, Berglund D, Carr S, Game D, Griffin S, Kalra PA, Lewis R, Mark PB, Marks SD, MacPhee I, McKane W, Mohaupt MG, Paz-Artal E, Kon SP, Serón D, Sinha MD, Tucker B, Viklický O, Stahl D, Lechler RI, Lord GM, Hernandez-Fuentes MP. Development and validation of the first consensus gene-expression signature of operational tolerance in kidney transplantation, incorporating adjustment for immunosuppressive drug therapy. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102899. [PMID: 32707447 PMCID: PMC7374249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with "operational tolerance" (OT) maintain a functioning graft without immunosuppressive (IS) drugs, thus avoiding treatment complications. Nevertheless, IS drugs can influence gene-expression signatures aiming to identify OT among treated KTRs. METHODS We compared five published signatures of OT in peripheral blood samples from 18 tolerant, 183 stable, and 34 chronic rejector KTRs, using gene-expression levels with and without adjustment for IS drugs and regularised logistic regression. FINDINGS IS drugs explained up to 50% of the variability in gene-expression and 20-30% of the variability in the probability of OT predicted by signatures without drug adjustment. We present a parsimonious consensus gene-set to identify OT, derived from joint analysis of IS-drug-adjusted expression of five published signature gene-sets. This signature, including CD40, CTLA4, HSD11B1, IGKV4-1, MZB1, NR3C2, and RAB40C genes, showed an area under the curve 0⋅92 (95% confidence interval 0⋅88-0⋅94) in cross-validation and 0⋅97 (0⋅93-1⋅00) in six months follow-up samples. INTERPRETATION We advocate including adjustment for IS drug therapy in the development stage of gene-expression signatures of OT to reduce the risk of capturing features of treatment, which could be lost following IS drug minimisation or withdrawal. Our signature, however, would require further validation in an independent dataset and a biomarker-led trial. FUNDING FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1 [305147:BIO-DrIM] (SC,IR-M,PM,DSt); MRC [G0801537/ID:88245] (MPH-F); MRC [MR/J006742/1] (IR-M); Guy's&StThomas' Charity [R080530]&[R090782]; CONICYT-Bicentennial-Becas-Chile (EN-L); EU:FP7/2007-2013 [HEALTH-F5-2010-260687: The ONE Study] (MPH-F); Czech Ministry of Health [NV19-06-00031] (OV); NIHR-BRC Guy's&StThomas' NHS Foundation Trust and KCL (SC); UK Clinical Research Networks [portfolio:7521].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Christakoudi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Manohursingh Runglall
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paula Mobillo
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Irene Rebollo-Mesa
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tjir-Li Tsui
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Catharine Taube
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sonia Norris
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yogesh Kamra
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rachel Hilton
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Titus Augustine
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sunil Bhandari
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Anlaby Rd, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Richard Baker
- St James's University Hospital, Beckett St, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David Berglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sue Carr
- Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Rd, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - David Game
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sian Griffin
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Ln, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Robert Lewis
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Rd, Cosham, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK
| | - Patrick B Mark
- University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Stephen D Marks
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK; University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Iain MacPhee
- St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Rd, London SW17 0QT, UK & Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE
| | - William McKane
- Northern General Hospital, Herries Rd, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Markus G Mohaupt
- Internal Medicine, Lindenhofgruppe Berne, Switzerland; University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Department of Immunology and imas12 Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sui Phin Kon
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Daniel Serón
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manish D Sinha
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Westminster Bridge Rd, Lambeth, London SE1 7EH, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Beatriz Tucker
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ondrej Viklický
- Transplantační laboratoř, Institut klinické a experimentální medicíny (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Robert I Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maria P Hernandez-Fuentes
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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24
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Salehi S, Shahi A, Afzali S, Keshtkar AA, Farashi Bonab S, Soleymanian T, Ansaripour B, Amirzargar AA. Transitional immature regulatory B cells and regulatory cytokines can discriminate chronic antibody-mediated rejection from stable graft function. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106750. [PMID: 32652501 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses of the immune system has been demonstrated to determine the fate of transplanted allografts. Here we analyzed CD19+CD24hiCD38hi immature transitional regulatory B (TRB) cells, as well as the gene and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the three separate groups, include of stable transplanted subjects, chronic antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR) patients, and healthy individuals. METHOD Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from stable subjects (n = 36), cAMR patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 18) were isolated. Flowcytometry was performed for CD19, CD24, and CD38 surface markers. ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR were performed for IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. RESULT The percentages of immature TRB cells were significantly decrease in cAMR patients (0.98%) versus stable recipients (2.81%) and healthy subjects (4.03%) (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Total lymphocytes, circulating B cells, memory and mature subsets of B cells did not show any significant difference between the groups. TGF-β mRNA was 3-fold upregulated in the cAMR group compared to stable patients (P < 0.001.), but without significant alteration at the protein level. Also, long-term survival renal transplant recipients had a higher protein but not mRNA levels of IL-10 than short-term survival renal transplant recipients. CONCLUSION It seems that immature TRB cell subpopulation might be a crucial regulator of immune system response and plays an important role in determining the transplantation outcome. Furthermore, immunosuppressive IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines might act as a double sword and can exhibit either pathogenic or protective effects against allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Farashi Bonab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Soleymanian
- Nephrology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Ansaripour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Peripheral CD19+CD24highCD38high B-regulatory cells in lung transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2019; 57:101245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2019.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Carmona P, Medina-Armenteros Y, Cabral A, Monteiro SM, Gonçalves Fonseca S, Faria AC, Lemos F, Saitovitch D, Noronha IL, Kalil J, Coelho V. Regulatory/inflammatory cellular response discrimination in operational tolerance. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34:2143-2154. [PMID: 31280312 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen-specific cellular response is essential in immune tolerance. We tested whether antigen-specific cellular response is differentially modulated in operational tolerance (OT) in renal transplantation with respect to critical antigenic challenges in allotransplantation-donor antigens, pathogenic antigens and self-antigens. METHODS We analysed the profile of immunoregulatory (REG) and pro-inflammatory (INFLAMMA) cytokines for the antigen-specific response directed to these three antigen groups, by Luminex. RESULTS We showed that, in contrast to chronic rejection and healthy individuals, OT gives rise to an immunoregulatory deviation in the cellular response to donor human leucocyte antigen DR isotype peptides, while preserving the pro-inflammatory response to pathogenic peptides. Cellular autoreactivity to the N6 heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) peptide also showed a REG profile in OT, increasing IL4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. CONCLUSIONS The REG shift of donor indirect alloreactivity in OT, with inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Interferon-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, indicates that this may be an important mechanism in OT. In addition, the differential REG profile of cellular response to the Hsp60 peptide in OT suggests that REG autoimmunity may also play a role in human transplantation tolerance. Despite cross-reactivity of antigen-specific T cell responses, a systemic functional antigen-specific discrimination takes place in OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Carmona
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil
| | - Yordanka Medina-Armenteros
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Monteiro
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil.,Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Caetano Faria
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francine Lemos
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David Saitovitch
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Irene L Noronha
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil.,Laboratório de Nefrologia Celular e Molecular, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil
| | - Verônica Coelho
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, Brazil
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27
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Brosseau C, Danger R, Durand M, Durand E, Foureau A, Lacoste P, Tissot A, Roux A, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Kessler R, Mussot S, Dromer C, Brugière O, Mornex JF, Guillemain R, Claustre J, Magnan A, Brouard S, Velly J, Rozé H, Blanchard E, Antoine M, Cappello M, Ruiz M, Sokolow Y, Vanden Eynden F, Van Nooten G, Barvais L, Berré J, Brimioulle S, De Backer D, Créteur J, Engelman E, Huybrechts I, Ickx B, Preiser T, Tuna T, Van Obberghe L, Vancutsem N, Vincent J, De Vuyst P, Etienne I, Féry F, Jacobs F, Knoop C, Vachiéry J, Van den Borne P, Wellemans I, Amand G, Collignon L, Giroux M, Angelescu D, Chavanon O, Hacini R, Martin C, Pirvu A, Porcu P, Albaladejo P, Allègre C, Bataillard A, Bedague D, Briot E, Casez‐Brasseur M, Colas D, Dessertaine G, Francony G, Hebrard A, Marino M, Protar D, Rehm D, Robin S, Rossi‐Blancher M, Augier C, Bedouch P, Boignard A, Bouvaist H, Briault A, Camara B, Chanoine S, Dubuc M, Quétant S, Maurizi J, Pavèse P, Pison C, Saint‐Raymond C, Wion N, Chérion C, Grima R, Jegaden O, Maury J, Tronc F, Flamens C, Paulus S, Philit F, Senechal A, Glérant J, Turquier S, Gamondes D, Chalabresse L, Thivolet‐Bejui F, Barnel C, Dubois C, Tiberghien A, Pimpec‐Barthes F, Bel A, Mordant P, Achouh P, Boussaud V, Méléard D, Bricourt M, Cholley B, Pezella V, Brioude G, D'Journo X, Doddoli C, Thomas P, Trousse D, Dizier S, Leone M, Papazian L, Bregeon F, Coltey B, Dufeu N, Dutau H, Garcia S, Gaubert J, Gomez C, Laroumagne S, Mouton G, Nieves A, Picard C, Rolain J, Sampol E, Secq V, Perigaud C, Roussel J, Senage T, Mugniot A, Danner I, Haloun A, Abbes S, Bry C, Blanc F, Lepoivre T, Botturi‐Cavaillès K, Loy J, Bernard M, Godard E, Royer P, Henrio K, Dartevelle P, Fabre D, Fadel E, Mercier O, Stephan F, Viard P, Cerrina J, Dorfmuller P, Feuillet S, Ghigna M, Hervén P, Le Roy Ladurie F, Le Pavec J, Thomas de Montpreville V, Lamrani L, Castier Y, Mordant P, Cerceau P, Augustin P, Jean‐Baptiste S, Boudinet S, Montravers P, Dauriat G, Jébrak G, Mal H, Marceau A, Métivier A, Thabut G, Lhuillier E, Dupin C, Bunel V, Falcoz P, Massard G, Santelmo N, Ajob G, Collange O, Helms O, Hentz J, Roche A, Bakouboula B, Degot T, Dory A, Hirschi S, Ohlmann‐Caillard S, Kessler L, Schuller A, Bennedif K, Vargas S, Bonnette P, Chapelier A, Puyo P, Sage E, Bresson J, Caille V, Cerf C, Devaquet J, Dumans‐Nizard V, Felten M, Fischler M, Si Larbi A, Leguen M, Ley L, Liu N, Trebbia G, De Miranda S, Douvry B, Gonin F, Grenet D, Hamid A, Neveu H, Parquin F, Picard C, Stern M, Bouillioud F, Cahen P, Colombat M, Dautricourt C, Delahousse M, D'Urso B, Gravisse J, Guth A, Hillaire S, Honderlick P, Lequintrec M, Longchampt E, Mellot F, Scherrer A, Temagoult L, Tricot L, Vasse M, Veyrie C, Zemoura L, Dahan M, Murris M, Benahoua H, Berjaud J, Le Borgne Krams A, Crognier L, Brouchet L, Mathe O, Didier A, Krueger T, Ris H, Gonzalez M, Aubert J, Nicod L, Marsland B, Berutto T, Rochat T, Soccal P, Jolliet P, Koutsokera A, Marcucci C, Manuel O, Bernasconi E, Chollet M, Gronchi F, Courbon C, Hillinger S, Inci I, Kestenholz P, Weder W, Schuepbach R, Zalunardo M, Benden C, Buergi U, Huber L, Isenring B, Schuurmans M, Gaspert A, Holzmann D, Müller N, Schmid C, Vrugt B, Rechsteiner T, Fritz A, Maier D, Deplanche K, Koubi D, Ernst F, Paprotka T, Schmitt M, Wahl B, Boissel J, Olivera‐Botello G, Trocmé C, Toussaint B, Bourgoin‐Voillard S, Séve M, Benmerad M, Siroux V, Slama R, Auffray C, Charron D, Lefaudeux D, Pellet J. Blood CD9 + B cell, a biomarker of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:3162-3175. [PMID: 31305014 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is the main limitation for long-term survival after lung transplantation. Some specific B cell populations are associated with long-term graft acceptance. We aimed to monitor the B cell profile during early development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. The B cell longitudinal profile was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and patients who remained stable over 3 years of follow-up. CD24hi CD38hi transitional B cells were increased in stable patients only, and reached a peak 24 months after transplantation, whereas they remained unchanged in patients who developed a bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. These CD24hi CD38hi transitional B cells specifically secrete IL-10 and express CD9. Thus, patients with a total CD9+ B cell frequency below 6.6% displayed significantly higher incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (AUC = 0.836, PPV = 0.75, NPV = 1). These data are the first to associate IL-10-secreting CD24hi CD38hi transitional B cells expressing CD9 with better allograft outcome in lung transplant recipients. CD9-expressing B cells appear as a contributor to a favorable environment essential for the maintenance of long-term stable graft function and as a new predictive biomarker of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Brosseau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS, UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Maxim Durand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Eugénie Durand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurore Foureau
- Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS, UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Lacoste
- Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS, UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Tissot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS, UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roux
- Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UPRES EA220, Versailles, France
| | | | | | - Sacha Mussot
- Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Vasculaire et Transplantation Cardiopulmonaire, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | | | - Olivier Brugière
- Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Johanna Claustre
- Clinique Universitaire Pneumologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS, UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Biothérapie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Alhabbab RY, Nova-Lamperti E, Aravena O, Burton HM, Lechler RI, Dorling A, Lombardi G. Regulatory B cells: Development, phenotypes, functions, and role in transplantation. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:164-179. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Infectious Disease Unit and Division of Applied Medical Sciences King Fahad Centre for medical research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Pharmacy Faculty Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Immunología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Hannah M. Burton
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
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Cabral A, da Silva Cândido D, Monteiro SM, Lemos F, Saitovitch D, Noronha IL, Alves LF, Geraldo MV, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E, Pinto Ferreira LR, Coelho V. Differential microRNA Profile in Operational Tolerance: A Potential Role in Favoring Cell Survival. Front Immunol 2019; 10:740. [PMID: 31073299 PMCID: PMC6496457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Operational tolerance (OT) is a state of graft functional stability that occurs after at least 1 year of immunosuppressant withdrawal. MicroRNAs (microRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that downregulate messenger RNA/protein expression of innumerous molecules and are critical for homeostasis. We investigated whether OT in kidney transplantation displays a differential microRNA profile, which would suggest that microRNAs participate in Operational Tolerance mechanisms, and may reveal potential molecular pathways. Methods: We first compared serum microRNA in OT (n = 8) with chronic rejection (CR) (n = 5) and healthy individuals (HI) (n = 5), using a 768-microRNA qPCR-panel. We used the Thermo Fisher Cloud computing platform to compare the levels of microRNAs in the OT group in relation to the other study groups. We performed validation experiments for miR-885-5p, by q-PCR, in a larger number of study subjects (OT = 8, CR = 12, HI = 12), as individual samples. Results: We detected a differential microRNA profile in OT vs. its opposing clinical outcome—CR—suggesting that microRNAs may integrate transplantation tolerance mechanisms. Some miRNAs were detected at higher levels in OT: miR-885-5p, miR-331-3p, miR-27a-5p vs. CR; others, we found at lower levels: miR-1233-3p, miR-572, miR-638, miR-1260a. Considering highly predicted/experimentally demonstrated targets of these miRNAs, bioinformatics analysis revealed that the granzyme B, and death receptor pathways are dominant, suggesting that cell death regulation integrates transplantation tolerance mechanisms. We confirmed higher miR-885-5p levels in OT vs. CR, and vs. HI, in a larger number of subjects. Conclusions: We propose that epigenetics mechanisms involving microRNAs may integrate human transplantation tolerance mechanisms, and regulate key members of the cell death/survival signaling. miR-885-5p could favor cell survival in OT by diminishing the levels of CRADD/RAIDD and CASP3. Nonetheless, given the nature of any complex phenomenon in humans, only cumulative data will help to determine whether this microRNA differential profile may be related to the cause or consequence of operational tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Darlan da Silva Cândido
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Monteiro
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Lemos
- Serviço de Transplante Renal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Saitovitch
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irene L Noronha
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Nefrologia Celular, Genética e Molecular, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Alves
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Vieira Geraldo
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade e Imunologia Celular, LIM-19, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade e Imunologia Celular, LIM-19, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Verônica Coelho
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade e Imunologia Celular, LIM-19, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Nowocin AK, Meader L, Brown K, Elgueta R, Wong W. Characterizing the B-Cell and Humoral Response in Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Kidney Allografts. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2019; 17:330-338. [PMID: 30880652 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2017.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tertiary lymphoid organs are formed at sites of chronic inflammation and are thought to contribute to the immune response. Here, we aimed to characterize the structure and function of tertiary lymphoid organs in a model of murine kidney allotransplant to understand their role in alloimmunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We transplanted 4 C57BL/6 mouse kidneys (isograft group) and 17 DBA/2 mouse kidneys into C57BL/6 mouse recipients. Three DBA/2-to-C57BL/6 transplant mice that rejected their grafts acutely (before 10 days posttransplant) were excluded from the study. The 14 surviving DAB2 grafts were retrieved at day 45 posttransplant and evaluated histologically. The presence of antibody-secreting cells and circulating levels of donor-specific antibodies were also evaluated. RESULTS We found that tertiary lymphoid organs can be associated with a beneficial response in a kidney allotransplant model. Characterization of B-cell subsets within tertiary lymphoid organs in mouse kidney allografts revealed naive, plasma, and memory B cells, which were mostly grouped within or in close proximity of tertiary lymphoid organs. Staining for intracellular immunoglobulin G showed that many of the B cells within tertiary lymphoid organs were capable of producing antibodies. Although allospecific antibodies were found in the serum of recipient mice and were deposited in the transplanted kidneys, graft function was not affected in this model. CONCLUSIONS B cells within tertiary lymphoid organs are functional and contribute to the humoral arm of the alloresponse. However, tertiary lymphoid organs are not necessarily associated with graft rejection, suggesting that protective mechanisms are at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Nowocin
- From the MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
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Freitas GRR, da Luz Fernandes M, Agena F, Jaluul O, Silva SC, Lemos FBC, Coelho V, Elias DN, Galante NZ. Aging and End Stage Renal Disease Cause A Decrease in Absolute Circulating Lymphocyte Counts with A Shift to A Memory Profile and Diverge in Treg Population. Aging Dis 2019; 10:49-61. [PMID: 30705767 PMCID: PMC6345336 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing number of elderly kidney transplant (Ktx) recipients. Elderly recipients present lower acute rejection rates but higher incidence of infection and malignancies. Aging per se seems to result in a shift to memory profile and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in premature immunological aging. Understanding aging and CKD effects on the immune system can improve elderly Ktx immunosuppression. We analyzed the effects of aging and CKD in the immune system, comparing healthy adults (HAd) (n=14, 26±2y), healthy elderly (HEld) (n=15, 79±7y), end stage renal disease (ESRD) adults (EnAd) (n=18, 36±7y) and ESRD elderly (EnEld) (n=31, 65±3y) prior to Ktx regarding their naïve, memory and regulatory T and B peripheral lymphocytes. Aging and ESRD presented additive effect decreasing absolute numbers of B and T-lymphocytes, affecting memory, naive and regulatory subsets without synergic effect. Both resulted in higher percentages of T memory subsets and opposing effects on regulatory T (TREG) subsets, higher percentage in aging and lower in ESRD. Combined effect of aging and ESRD also resulted in higher regulatory B cell percentages. In addition to global lymphopenia and TCD4+ memory shift in both aging and ESRD, aging shifts to an immunoregulatory profile, inducing a increase in TREG percentages, contrasting with ESRD that decreases TREGs. Differential immunosuppression regimens for elderly Ktx may be required. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NTC01631058).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Rubens Ramos Freitas
- 1Division of Nephrology, and.,2Renal Transplant Service, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria da Luz Fernandes
- 2Renal Transplant Service, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Agena
- 2Renal Transplant Service, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Jaluul
- 3Division of Geriatrics, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Colenci Silva
- 3Division of Geriatrics, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Verônica Coelho
- 4Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine. Institute for Investigation in Immunology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David-Neto Elias
- 2Renal Transplant Service, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Zocoler Galante
- 2Renal Transplant Service, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Sieńko J, Kotowski M, Paczkowska E, Sobuś A, Tejchman K, Piątek J, Pilichowska E, Kędzierska-Kapuza K, Ostrowski M. Correlation Between Stem and Progenitor Cells Number and Immune Response in Patients After Allogeneic Kidney Transplant. Ann Transplant 2018; 23:874-878. [PMID: 30573723 PMCID: PMC6319141 DOI: 10.12659/aot.912686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem and progenitor cells are of great interest in all medical procedures involving tissue regeneration. There is a consensus that the use of stem cells after solid organ transplantation may play a role in tissue repair and in immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to determine possible relations between stem cell count and the immune response in a group of patients after kidney transplantation. Material/Methods The study was conducted on a group of 100 patients who underwent kidney transplantation. The following phenotypic markers of the studied cell subpopulations were adopted: Treg cells (CD3+CD4+CD25high), circulating hematopoietic cells (CD34+CD133+CD45+CD38−), and non-hematopoietic cells (Lin−CXCR4+CD133−CD45−). Cell subpopulations were assessed using LSRII flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). Results Positive correlation was observed between non-hematopoietic stem cells percentage and recipient’s platelets count (P=0.04). Moreover, a higher percentage of non-hematopoietic cells was accompanied by lower numbers of B lymphocytes (P=0.03) and Treg cells (P=0.02). Conclusions Our study revealed significant associations between the intensity of ongoing immune response processes and tissue damage, and the release of stem and progenitor cells into circulation. These findings suggest their role in the stimulation of protective processes in terms of graft regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kotowski
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Sobuś
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karol Tejchman
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Piątek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Pilichowska
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Ostrowski
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Li J, Luo Y, Wang X, Feng G. Regulatory B cells and advances in transplantation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:657-668. [PMID: 30548970 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0518-199r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of B cell subsets with regulatory activity on the immune response to an allograft have evoked increasing interest. Here, we summarize the function and signaling of regulatory B cells (Bregs) and their potential effects on transplantation. These cells are able to suppress the immune system directly via ligand-receptor interactions and indirectly by secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, particularly IL-10. In experimental animal models, the extensively studied IL-10-producing B cells have shown unique therapeutic advantages in the transplant field. In addition, adoptive transfer of B cell subsets with regulatory activity may reveal a new approach to prolonging allograft survival. Recent clinical observations on currently available therapies targeting B cells have revealed that Bregs play an important role in immune tolerance and that these cells are expected to become a new target of immunotherapy for transplant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Luo
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Guiwen Feng
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Herrera-Gómez F, Del Aguila W, Tejero-Pedregosa A, Adler M, Padilla-Berdugo R, Maurtua-Briseño-Meiggs Á, Pascual J, Pascual M, San Segundo D, Heidt S, Álvarez FJ, Ochoa-Sangrador C, Lambert C. The number of FoxP3 regulatory T cells in the circulation may be a predictive biomarker for kidney transplant recipients: A multistage systematic review. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:483-492. [PMID: 30390595 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinetics of the FoxP3 regulatory T-cell (Treg) population in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are related to the clinical effect of immunosuppression based on mammalian Target Of Rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) with/without belatacept (predictive biomarker). METHODS A multistage systematic review of published and unpublished literature is presented [registration IDs in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42017057570, CRD42018085019, CRD42018084941, CRD42018085186]. A multidisciplinary supervision mechanism for contextualizing of search findings was required. The peripheral blood immune cell phenotypes encompassing all regulatory cells in KTRs were assessed in order to suggest new markers of acute rejection-associated acute allograft dysfunction (AR/AAD) events in KTRs treated with mTORi alone or combined to belatacept. Quantitative estimates and evaluation of the body of evidence are provided. RESULTS An increase in Tregs and other regulatory cell types in the circulation in KTRs under mTORi with/without belatacept were observed. Patients with increased Tregs presented a low frequency of AR/AAD events compared to those in which the number of Tregs remained unchanged or even diminished [Odds Ratio (OR)/95% confidence interval (95% CI)/I2/number of studies (n): 0.31/0.10-0.93/0%/6]. Nevertheless, there are too few trials to consider Tregs in the circulation as a predictive biomarker. Inadequate reporting prevents appreciating clinical relevance in such studies. CONCLUSIONS Despite advances, clinical qualification of potential predictive biomarkers continues to be difficult. Clinical evidence on Tregs in KTRs needs to be enlarged. Biomarkers should be able to evaluate the effect of medicines targeted to specific patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Herrera-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Sanidad de Castilla y León, Zamora, Spain.
| | | | - Armando Tejero-Pedregosa
- Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Sanidad de Castilla y León, Zamora, Spain
| | - Marcel Adler
- Hematology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Padilla-Berdugo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Pascual
- Centre de Transplantation d'Organes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David San Segundo
- Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - F Javier Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; CEIm Área de Salud Valladolid Este, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | | | - Claude Lambert
- Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
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Zwang NA, Ganesh BB, Cardenas KT, Chong AS, Finn PW, Perkins DL. An optimized protocol to quantify signaling in human transitional B cells by phospho flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2018; 463:112-121. [PMID: 30321549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phospho flow cytometry is a powerful technique to analyze signaling in rare cell populations. This technique, however, requires harsh conditions for cell fixation and permeabilization, which can denature surface antigens or antibody-conjugated fluorochromes. These are among several technical limitations which have been a barrier to quantify signaling in unique B cell subsets. One such immature subset, transitional B cells (TrBs), may play a role in suppressing solid organ transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmunity, and even the immune response to malignancy. Here we sought to optimize a protocol for quantification of signaling in human TrBs compared with mature B cell subsets. RESULTS TrBs were defined by surface marker expression as CD19+CD24hiCD38hi. Key parameters optimized included antibody clone selection, sequence of surface epitope labeling in relation to paraformaldehyde-based fixation and methanol-based permeabilization, photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages, and compensation. Special attention was paid to labeling of CD38 with regard to these parameters, and an optimized protocol enabled reliable identification of TrBs, naïve (CD24+CD38+), early memory (CD24hiCD38-), and late memory (CD24-CD38-) B cells. Phospho flow cytometry enabled simultaneous quantification of phosphorylation among at least three different signaling molecules within the same sample. Among normal donors, transitional B cells exhibited diminished mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt phospho signaling upon nonspecific stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetateand ionomycin stimulation. CONCLUSIONS We optimized an effective protocol to quantify B cell subset signaling upon stimulation. Such a protocol may ultimately serve as the basis for assessing dysfunctional B cell signaling in disease, predict clinical outcomes, and monitor response to B cell-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Zwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street (MC 793), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Balaji B Ganesh
- Flow Cytometry Core, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Medical Science Building, 835 South Wolcott Avenue (E-25C), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kim T Cardenas
- BioLegend, 9727 Pacific Heights Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation Surgery, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue (SBRI J547/MC 5026), Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Patricia W Finn
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street Suite 1020N (MC 787), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David L Perkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street (MC 793), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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36
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Reduced TCR Signaling Contributes to Impaired Th17 Responses in Tolerant Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2018; 102:e10-e17. [PMID: 28902773 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of spontaneous kidney transplant tolerance has been associated with numerous B cell-related immune alterations. We have previously shown that tolerant recipients exhibit reduced B-cell receptor signalling and higher IL-10 production than healthy volunteers. However, it is unclear whether cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells from tolerant recipients also display an anti-inflammatory profile that could contribute to graft maintenance. METHODS CD4 T cells were isolated from kidney transplant recipients who were identified as being tolerant recipients, patients with chronic rejection or healthy volunteers. CD4 T cells from the 3 groups were compared in terms of their gene expression profile, phenotype, and functionally upon activation. RESULTS Gene expression analysis of transcription factors and signalling proteins, in addition to surface proteins expression and cytokine production, revealed that tolerant recipients possessed fewer Th17 cells and exhibited reduced Th17 responses, relative to patients with chronic rejection or healthy volunteers. Furthermore, impaired T-cell receptor signalling and altered cytokine cooperation by monocytes contributed to the development of Th17 cells in tolerant recipients. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that defective proinflammatory Th17 responses may contribute to the prolonged graft survival and stable graft function, which is observed in tolerant recipients in the absence of immunosuppressive agents.
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37
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Bentall A, Cohney SJ. Overcoming preexisting alloantibody in renal transplantation-improving outcomes while reducing needs and costs. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:3003-3005. [PMID: 28891156 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bentall
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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38
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Danger R, Sawitzki B, Brouard S. Immune monitoring in renal transplantation: The search for biomarkers. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:2695-2704. [PMID: 27861809 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that in order to improve long-term graft function and survival, a more personalized immunosuppressive treatment of transplant patients according to the individual anti-donor immune response status is needed. This applies to the identification of potentially "high-risk" patients likely to develop acute rejection episodes or display an accelerated decline of graft function, patients who might need immunosuppression intensification, and operationally tolerant patients suitable for immunosuppression minimization or weaning off. Such a patient stratification would benefit from biomarkers, which enable categorization into low and high risk or, ideally, identification of operational tolerant patients. Here, we report on recent developments regarding identification and performance analysis of noninvasive biomarkers such as mRNA and miRNA expression profiles, chemokines, or changes in immune cell subsets in either blood or urine of renal transplant patients. We will also discuss which future steps are needed to accelerate their clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- Inserm, , Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology (CRTI) U1064, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, , UMR1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Inserm, , Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology (CRTI) U1064, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, , UMR1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes, France.,CIC Biotherapy, CHU Nantes, , 30 bd Jean-Monnet, Nantes, France
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Behnam Sani K, Sawitzki B. Immune monitoring as prerequisite for transplantation tolerance trials. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:158-170. [PMID: 28518214 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since its first application in clinical medicine, scientists have been urged to induce tolerance towards foreign allogeneic transplants and thus avoid rejection by the recipient's immune system. This would circumvent chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (IS) and thus avoid development of IS-induced side effects, which are contributing to the still unsatisfactory long-term graft and patient survival after solid organ transplantation. Although manifold strategies of tolerance induction have been described in preclinical models, only three therapeutic approaches have been utilized successfully in a still small number of patients. These approaches are based on (i) IS withdrawal in spontaneous operational tolerant (SOT) patients, (ii) induction of a mixed chimerism and (iii) adoptive transfer of regulatory cells. Results of clinical trials utilizing these approaches show that tolerance induction does not work in all patients. Thus, there is a need for reliable biomarkers, which can be used for patient selection and post-therapeutic immune monitoring of safety, success and failure. In this review, we summarize recent achievements in the identification and validation of such immunological assays and biomarkers, focusing mainly on kidney and liver transplantation. From the published findings so far, it has become clear that indicative biomarkers may vary between different therapeutic approaches applied and organs transplanted. Also, patient numbers studied so far are very small. This is the main reason why nearly all described parameters lack validation and reproducibility testing in large clinical trials, and are therefore not yet suitable for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Behnam Sani
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Danger R, Chesneau M, Paul C, Guérif P, Durand M, Newell KA, Kanaparthi S, Turka LA, Soulillou JP, Houlgatte R, Giral M, Ramstein G, Brouard S. A composite score associated with spontaneous operational tolerance in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2017; 91:1473-1481. [PMID: 28242033 PMCID: PMC5432017 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New challenges in renal transplantation include using biological information to devise a useful clinical test for discerning high- and low-risk patients for individual therapy and ascertaining the best combination and appropriate dosages of drugs. Based on a 20-gene signature from a microarray meta-analysis performed on 46 operationally tolerant patients and 266 renal transplant recipients with stable function, we applied the sparse Bolasso methodology to identify a minimal and robust combination of six genes and two demographic parameters associated with operational tolerance. This composite score of operational tolerance discriminated operationally tolerant patients with an area under the curve of 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.94-1.00). The score was not influenced by immunosuppressive treatment, center of origin, donor type, or post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder history of the patients. This composite score of operational tolerance was significantly associated with both de novo anti-HLA antibodies and tolerance loss. It was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using independent samples and demonstrated specificity toward a model of tolerance induction. Thus, our score would allow clinicians to improve follow-up of patients, paving the way for individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Chloé Paul
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierrick Guérif
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Maxim Durand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Laurence A Turka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- INSERM UMR 954, Nancy, France; CHU de Nancy, DRCI, Nancy, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France; CIC Biotherapy, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gérard Ramstein
- LINA DUKe, UMR 6241, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes and CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; CIC Biotherapy, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
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41
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Massart A, Ghisdal L, Abramowicz M, Abramowicz D. Operational tolerance in kidney transplantation and associated biomarkers. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:138-157. [PMID: 28449211 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1960s, our predecessors won a historical battle against acute rejection and ensured that transplantation became a common life-saving treatment. In parallel with this success, or perhaps because of it, we lost the battle for long-lived transplants, being overwhelmed with chronic immune insults and the toxicities of immunosuppression. It is likely that current powerful treatments block acute rejection, but at the same time condemn the few circulating donor cells that would have been able to elicit immunoregulatory host responses towards the allograft. Under these conditions, spontaneously tolerant kidney recipients - i.e. patients who maintain allograft function in the absence of immunosuppression - are merely accidents; they are scarce, mysterious and precious. Several teams pursue the goal of finding a biomarker that would guide us towards the 'just right' level of immunosuppression that avoids rejection while leaving some space for donor immune cells. Some cellular assays are attractive because they are antigen-specific, and provide a comprehensive view of immune responses toward the graft. These seem to closely follow patient regulatory capacities. However, these tests are cumbersome, and require abundant cellular material from both donor and recipient. The latest newcomers, non-antigen-specific recipient blood transcriptomic biomarkers, offer the promise that a practicable and simple signature may be found that overcomes the complexity of a system in which an infinite number of individual cell combinations can lead possibly to graft acceptance. Biomarker studies are as much an objective - identifying tolerant patients, enabling tolerance trials - as a means to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of one of the most important current issues in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Massart
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, CUB Hôpital Erasme and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular and Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Ghisdal
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier EpiCURA, Baudour, Belgium
| | - M Abramowicz
- Department of Human Genetics, CUB Hôpital Erasme and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular and Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Abramowicz
- Department of Nephrology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
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42
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Increased CD40 Ligation and Reduced BCR Signalling Leads to Higher IL-10 Production in B Cells From Tolerant Kidney Transplant Patients. Transplantation 2017; 101:541-547. [PMID: 27472092 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased percentage of peripheral transitional B cells producing IL-10 has been observed in patients tolerant to kidney allografts. In healthy volunteers, the balance between the CD40 and B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling modulated IL-10 production by B cells, with stimulation via the BCR decreasing CD40-mediated IL-10 production. In this study, we evaluate whether in tolerant kidney transplant patients, the increased IL-10 production by B cells was due to an altered CD40 and/or BCR signalling. METHODS B cells obtained from a new cohort of tolerant renal transplant recipients and those from age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were activated via CD40 and BCR, either alone or in combination. RESULTS In tolerant patients, we observed higher percentages of B cells producing IL-10 after CD40 ligation and higher expression of CD40L on activated T cells compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, B cells from tolerant recipients had reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling after BCR-mediated activation compared with healthy controls. In keeping with this, combining BCR signalling with CD40 ligation did not reduce IL-10 secretion as was observed in healthy control transitional B cells. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data suggest that the altered response of B cells in tolerant recipients may contribute to long-term stable graft acceptance.
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43
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Wortel CM, Heidt S. Regulatory B cells: Phenotype, function and role in transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2017; 41:1-9. [PMID: 28257995 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While B cells are traditionally known for their roles in antibody production, antigen presentation and cytokine production, recent studies have highlighted the existence of B cells with regulatory properties, which have been termed Bregs, analogous to regulatory T cells (Tregs). Bregs have been found to play a role in autoimmune disease, malignancies, infections, and may also be involved in solid organ transplantation. Their main mechanism of action is by promoting the development of Tregs while suppressing effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, primarily by IL-10 secretion. In the field of transplantation evidence for an active role of Bregs is scarce. While the presence of Bregs has been associated with improved graft survival and operational tolerance in kidney transplant recipients, these findings are not without controversy. Since the majority of fundamental research on Bregs has been performed in the fields in autoimmunity and infectious diseases, we will first focus on what these fields taught us on basic Breg biology, after which the relevance for the transplant setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wortel
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - S Heidt
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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44
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Guzman-Genuino RM, Diener KR. Regulatory B Cells in Pregnancy: Lessons from Autoimmunity, Graft Tolerance, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:172. [PMID: 28261223 PMCID: PMC5313489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of pregnancy is contingent on the maternal immune system recognizing and accommodating a growing semi-allogeneic fetus. Specialized subsets of lymphocytes capable of negative regulation are fundamental in this process, and include the regulatory T cells (Tregs) and potentially, regulatory B cells (Bregs). Most of our current understanding of the immune regulatory role of Bregs comes from studies in the fields of autoimmunity, transplantation tolerance, and cancer biology. Bregs control autoimmune diseases and can elicit graft tolerance by inhibiting the differentiation of effector T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), and activating Tregs. Furthermore, in cancer, Bregs are hijacked by neoplastic cells to promote tumorigenesis. Pregnancy therefore represents a condition that reconciles these fields-mechanisms must be in place to ensure maternal immunological tolerance throughout gravidity to allow the semi-allogeneic fetus to grow within. Thus, the mechanisms underlying Breg activities in autoimmune diseases, transplantation tolerance, and cancer may take place during pregnancy as well. In this review, we discuss the potential role of Bregs as guardians of pregnancy and propose an endocrine-modulated feedback loop highlighting the Breg-Treg-tolerogenic DC interface essential for the induction of maternal immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Marian Guzman-Genuino
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA , Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Hanson Institute and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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45
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Regulatory T Cells as Biomarkers for Rejection and Immunosuppression Tailoring in Solid Organ Transplantation. Ther Drug Monit 2016; 38 Suppl 1:S36-42. [PMID: 26977998 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers to tailor immunosuppression and to predict graft and patient outcomes using biological samples obtained by non-invasive tests is one of the main objectives in solid organ transplantation. Although biopsies give the most accurate information, they are clearly invasive and are associated with potentially adverse effects. To date, regulatory T cells have been shown to play a role in allograft protection; for this reason, extensive research has been performed to define them as biomarkers. However, studies of the measurement of these cells in peripheral blood as biomarkers in solid organ transplantation have been very limited and still not validated in prospective randomized large cohorts with the use of standardized methodology. Such poor evidence has been almost exclusively obtained in renal transplantation. Available data summarized here point for their use as biomarkers in different clinical settings with discordant data in many cases.
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46
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Bigot J, Pilon C, Matignon M, Grondin C, Leibler C, Aissat A, Pirenne F, Cohen JL, Grimbert P. Transcriptomic Signature of the CD24 hi CD38 hi Transitional B Cells Associated With an Immunoregulatory Phenotype in Renal Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3430-3442. [PMID: 27273606 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of B cells after transplant regarding allograft rejection or tolerance has become a topic of major interest. Recently, in renal transplant recipients, a B cell signature characterized by the overexpression of CD19+ CD38hi CD24hi transitional B cells has been observed in operationally tolerant patients and in belatacept-treated patients with significantly lower incidence of donor-specific antibodies. The phenotypic and functional characterization of these transitional B cells is far from exhaustive. We present the first transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis associated with this cell phenotype. Three populations were studied and compared: (i) transitional CD24hi CD38hi , (ii) CD24+ CD38- , and (iii) CD24int CD38int B cells. Transcriptome bioinformatic analysis revealed a particular signature for the CD24hi CD38hi population. Phenotypic analysis showed that CD24hi CD38hi transitional B cells also expressed CD9, CD10, CD1b and inducible T cell costimulator ligand (ICOS-L) markers. In addition, we found enrichment of IL-10+ cells among CD24hi CD38hi cells expressing ICOS-L and CD1b, the latter showing regulatory properties. Renal transplant recipients treated with belatacept exhibited significant expression of CD1b. Our results show that transitional CD24hi CD38hi B cells exhibit a distinct and specific profile, and this could be helpful for understanding of immune-regulatory mechanisms and immune monitoring in the field of organ transplant and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bigot
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - C Pilon
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, Créteil, France
| | - M Matignon
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, Créteil, France
| | - C Grondin
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - C Leibler
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, Créteil, France
| | - A Aissat
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Hospitalier, Créteil, France
| | - F Pirenne
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 2, Créteil, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Ile-de-France Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - J L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, Créteil, France
| | - P Grimbert
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, Créteil, France
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47
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Tolerance in Kidney Transplantation: What Is on the B Side? Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8491956. [PMID: 27956762 PMCID: PMC5121468 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8491956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) are in the spotlight for their role in immune homeostasis maintenance and tolerance achievement as in the last years the correlation with functional and increased Breg numbers in autoimmune diseases and transplantation has been extensively proven. Their study is, however, in its infancy with still little knowledge and consensus on their origin, phenotype, and mechanism of action. All this hampers the pursuit of an effective Breg induction method for therapeutic purposes. In this review we aim to summarize the studies on human Breg and their implication in kidney transplantation and to further discuss the issues surrounding therapeutic applications of this cell subset.
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48
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Lu J, Zhang X. Immunological characteristics of renal transplant tolerance in humans. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:71-8. [PMID: 27479171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Establishing allograft tolerance is a highly desirable therapeutic goal in kidney transplantation, from which recipients would greatly benefit by withdrawing or minimizing immunosuppression. Identifying biomarkers in predicting tolerance or early diagnosing rejection is essential to direct personalized management. Recent findings have revealed that multiple populations of immune cells have involved in promoting long-term graft function or inducing rejection in renal transplant recipients. Thus, roles of immune cells add another level to predict the renal tolerant state; tailoring their functional and/or phenotypic characteristics would provide insights into mechanism involved in transplant tolerance that may aid in designing new therapies. Here, we review these findings and discuss the current understanding immunological characteristics of renal transplant tolerance in humans, and their potential clinical translation to immune tolerance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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49
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Tebbe B, Wilde B, Ye Z, Wang J, Wang X, Jian F, Dolff S, Schedlowski M, Hoyer PF, Kribben A, Witzke O, Hoerning A. Renal Transplant Recipients Treated with Calcineurin-Inhibitors Lack Circulating Immature Transitional CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Regulatory B-Lymphocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153170. [PMID: 27045291 PMCID: PMC4821620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional immature B-lymphocytes have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating the alloimmune response in transplant recipients. Here, we analyzed the effect of calcineurin inhibition on these peripherally circulating regulatory B-cells (Breg) in renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine A (CsA) or tacrolimus. Methods PBMCs from healthy subjects (HS) (n = 16) and renal transplant recipients (n = 46) were isolated. Flow cytometry was performed for CD19, CD24, CD38 and IL-10 either after isolation or after 72 hours of co-culture in presence of PMA/Ionomycin and TLR9-ligand in presence or absence of increasing concentrations of tacrolimus or CsA. Results The amount of CD19+ B-cells among lymphocytes was ∼9.1% in HS, ∼3.6% in CsA (n = 11, p<0.05) and ∼6.4% in TAC (n = 35, p<0.05) treated patients. Among B-cells, a distinct subset of Breg was found to be 4.7% in HS, 1.4% in tacrolimus treated patients and almost blunted in patients receiving CsA. Similarily, ∼4% of B-cells in HS and even fewer in CsA or tacrolimus treated patients produced IL-10 (0.5% and 1.5%, p<0.05) and this was confirmed both in non-transplanted CsA-treated healthy subjects and in in vitro co-culture experiments. Among 29 patients with <1% of Breg, 9 cases (31%) displayed an allograft rejection in contrast to only one case of rejection (6%) among 17 patients with >1%. Conclusion Calcineurin inhibitors reduce number and IL-10 production of Bregs in the peripheral circulation of both renal transplant recipients and non-transplanted healthy subjects. CNI induced Breg reduction is not restricted to a solid organ transplant setting and is not mediated by co-medication with steroids or MPA. A low proportion of Breg cells is associated with an elevated frequency of allograft rejection events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Tebbe
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wilde
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics II, Pediatric Nephrology, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Transplant Medicine, Children’s Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fu Jian
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter F. Hoyer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Pediatric Nephrology, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Transplant Medicine, Children’s Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics II, Pediatric Nephrology, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Transplant Medicine, Children’s Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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50
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Scalea JR, Tomita Y, Lindholm CR, Burlingham W. Transplantation Tolerance Induction: Cell Therapies and Their Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2016; 7:87. [PMID: 27014267 PMCID: PMC4779899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have been studied extensively in the context of transplantation tolerance induction. The most successful protocols have relied on transfusion of bone marrow prior to the transplantation of a renal allograft. However, it is not clear that stem cells found in bone marrow are required in order to render a transplant candidate immunologically tolerant. Accordingly, mesenchymal stem cells, regulatory myeloid cells, T regulatory cells, and other cell types are being tested as possible routes to tolerance induction, in the absence of donor-derived stem cells. Early data with each of these cell types have been encouraging. However, the induction regimen capable of achieving consistent tolerance, while avoiding unwanted sided effects, and which is scalable to the human patient, has yet to be identified. Here, we present the status of investigations of various tolerogenic cell types and the mechanistic rationale for their use in tolerance induction protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Scalea
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wiconsin , Madison, WI , USA
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wiconsin , Madison, WI , USA
| | | | - William Burlingham
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Wiconsin , Madison, WI , USA
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