1
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Koeda A, Iwao T, Nakanishi A, Mizuno S, Yamashita M, Sakai Y, Nakamura K, Matsunaga T. Comparison of mRNA expression profiles of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in fresh and cryopreserved cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:253-263. [PMID: 31174977 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, freshly isolated and cryopreserved cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes were seeded on Cell-able® plates with feeder cells to form spheroids and were cultured for 28 days. As a control, hepatocytes were also cultured with or without feeder cells on collagen-coated plates. We verified the mRNA expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzyme-related genes and the leakage of enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH, and γ-GTP) as indicators of cell survival. As a result, the patterns of target mRNA expression in fresh and cryopreserved hepatocytes were very similar during the culture period between culture methods. mRNA expression levels were highly maintained at day 28 using the 3D spheroid and co-culture methods, demonstrating that these methods are useful for maintenance of liver function. Leakage of AST and ALT was higher at day 3 but decreased at day 14. LDH was not detected, suggesting that the cell viability was also maintained during the culture period. Furthermore, the functional differences between fresh and cryopreserved hepatocytes were not clearly detected. The co-culture method was useful for long-term culture not requiring 3D structure, and the 3D spheroid culture method was effective as well. With these techniques, cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes are expected to exhibit smaller individual differences and high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Koeda
- Ina Research Inc., Ina, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Anna Nakanishi
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Misaki Yamashita
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yoko Sakai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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2
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Onozato D, Yamashita M, Fukuyama R, Akagawa T, Kida Y, Koeda A, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Efficient Generation of Cynomolgus Monkey Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids with Pharmacokinetic Functions. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1033-1045. [PMID: 29742964 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies, the cynomolgus monkey (CM) model is frequently used to predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the human small intestine, because of its evolutionary closeness to humans. Intestinal organoids that mimic the intestinal tissue have attracted attention in regenerative medicine and drug development. In this study, we generated intestinal organoids from CM induced pluripotent stem (CMiPS) cells and analyzed their pharmacokinetic functions. CMiPS cells were induced into the hindgut; then, the cells were seeded on microfabricated culture vessel plates to form spheroids. The resulting floating spheroids were differentiated into intestinal organoids in a medium containing small-molecule compounds. The mRNA expression of intestinal markers and pharmacokinetic-related genes was markedly increased in the presence of small-molecule compounds. The organoids possessed a polarized epithelium and contained various cells constituting small intestinal tissues. The intestinal organoids formed functional tight junctions and expressed drug transporter proteins. In addition, in the organoids generated, cytochrome P450 3A8 (CYP3A8) activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor ketoconazole and was induced by rifampicin. Therefore, in the present work, we successfully generated intestinal organoids, with pharmacokinetic functions, from CMiPS cells using small-molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Onozato
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misaki Yamashita
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fukuyama
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takumi Akagawa
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kida
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Koeda
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Akazawa T, Uchida Y, Miyauchi E, Tachikawa M, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T. High Expression of UGT1A1/1A6 in Monkey Small Intestine: Comparison of Protein Expression Levels of Cytochromes P450, UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases, and Transporters in Small Intestine of Cynomolgus Monkey and Human. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:127-140. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Akazawa
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eisuke Miyauchi
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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4
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Thakare R, Gao H, Kosa RE, Bi YA, Varma MVS, Cerny MA, Sharma R, Kuhn M, Huang B, Liu Y, Yu A, Walker GS, Niosi M, Tremaine L, Alnouti Y, Rodrigues AD. Leveraging of Rifampicin-Dosed Cynomolgus Monkeys to Identify Bile Acid 3-O-Sulfate Conjugates as Potential Novel Biomarkers for Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptides. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:721-733. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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5
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Zeng X, Cai D, Zeng Q, Chen Z, Zhong G, Zhuo J, Gan H, Huang X, Zhao Z, Yao N, Huang D, Zhang C, Sun D, Chen Y. Selective reduction in the expression of UGTs and SULTs, a novel mechanism by which piperine enhances the bioavailability of curcumin in rat. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:3-19. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zeng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Dake Cai
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Qiaohuang Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong PR China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 PR China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Guoping Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Juncheng Zhuo
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 PR China
| | - Haining Gan
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Xuejun Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Dane Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Chengzhe Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 PR China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 PR China
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6
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Mahran RI, Hagras MM, Sun D, Brenner DE. Bringing Curcumin to the Clinic in Cancer Prevention: a Review of Strategies to Enhance Bioavailability and Efficacy. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:54-81. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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7
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Kishi N, Takasuka A, Kokawa Y, Isobe T, Taguchi M, Shigeyama M, Murata M, Suno M, Hanioka N. Raloxifene glucuronidation in liver and intestinal microsomes of humans and monkeys: contribution of UGT1A1, UGT1A8 and UGT1A9. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:289-95. [PMID: 26247833 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1074301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Raloxifene is an antiestrogen that has been marketed for the treatment of osteoporosis, and is metabolized into 6- and 4'-glucuronides by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes. In this study, the in vitro glucuronidation of raloxifene in humans and monkeys was examined using liver and intestinal microsomes and recombinant UGT enzymes (UGT1A1, UGT1A8 and UGT1A9). 2. Although the K(m) and CL(int) values for the 6-glucuronidation of liver and intestinal microsomes were similar between humans and monkeys, and species differences in Vmax values (liver microsomes, humans > monkeys; intestinal microsomes, humans < monkeys) were observed, no significant differences were noted in the K(m) or S50, Vmax and CL(int) or CLmax values for the 4'-glucuronidation of liver and intestinal microsomes between humans and monkeys. 3. The activities of 6-glucuronidation in recombinant UGT enzymes were UGT1A1 > UGT1A8 >UGT1A9 for humans, and UGT1A8 > UGT1A1 > UGT1A9 for monkeys. The activities of 4'-glucuronidation were UGT1A8 > UGT1A1 > UGT1A9 in humans and monkeys. 4. These results demonstrated that the profiles for the hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation of raloxifene by microsomes were moderately different between humans and monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishi
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Akane Takasuka
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yuki Kokawa
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | | | - Maho Taguchi
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Yokohama University of Pharmacy , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Masato Shigeyama
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Yokohama University of Pharmacy , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Mikio Murata
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Yokohama University of Pharmacy , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Manabu Suno
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
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8
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Tripathi SP, Prajapati R, Verma N, Sangamwar AT. Predicting substrate selectivity between UGT1A9 and UGT1A10 using molecular modelling and molecular dynamics approach. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1044451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Guo B, Fang Z, Yang L, Xiao L, Xia Y, Gonzalez FJ, Zhu L, Cao Y, Ge G, Yang L, Sun H. Tissue and species differences in the glucuronidation of glabridin with UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 231:90-7. [PMID: 25765239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin (GA) has gained wide application in the cosmetics and food industry. This study was performed to investigate its metabolic inactivation and elimination by glucuronidation by use of liver and intestine microsomes from humans (HLM and HIM) and rats (RLM and RIM), and liver microsomes from cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs (CyLM and DLM). Both hydroxyl groups at the C2 and C4 positions of the B ring are conjugated to generate two mono-glucuronides (M1 and M2). HIM, RIM and RLM showed the most robust activity in catalyzing M2 formation with intrinsic clearance values (Clint) above 2000 μL/min/mg, with little measurable M1 formation activity. DLM displayed considerable activity both in M1 and M2 formation, with Clint values of 71 and 214 μL/min/mg, respectively, while HLM and CyLM exhibited low activities in catalyzing M1 and M2 formation, with Clint values all below 20 μL/min/mg. It is revealed that UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A9, 2B7, 2B15 and extrahepatic UGT1A8 and 1A10 are involved in GA glucuronidation. Nearly all UGTs preferred M2 formation except for UGT1A1. Notably, UGT1A8 displayed the highest activity with a Clint value more than 5-fold higher than the other isoforms. Chemical inhibition studies, using selective inhibitors of UGT1A1, 1A9, 2B7 and 1A8, further revealed that UGT1A8 contributed significantly to intestinal GA glucuronidation in humans. In summary, this in vitro study demonstrated large species differences in GA glucuronidation by liver and intestinal microsomes, and that intestinal UGTs are important for the pathway in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices Research (NPFPC), Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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10
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Oda S, Fukami T, Yokoi T, Nakajima M. A comprehensive review of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and esterases for drug development. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 30:30-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Prediction of hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation using in vitro–in vivo extrapolation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 30:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Yuan L, Lv B, Zha J, Wang Z. Transcriptional expression analysis of ABC efflux transporters and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the Chinese rare minnow. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:984-995. [PMID: 24727149 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the cDNA fragments of five ABC transporter genes (ABCB1, ABCB11, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCG2) in the rare minnow were cloned, and their tissue-specific expression patterns were evaluated across eight rare minnow tissues (liver, gill, intestine, kidney, spleen, brain, skin, and muscle). Furthermore, the transcriptional effects on these ABC transporter genes and five xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme genes (CYP1A, GSTm, GSTp1, GCLC, and UGT1a) were determined in the rare minnow liver after 12 days of pyrene exposure. Basal expression analysis showed that the tissues with high expression of the ABC transporters included the liver, kidney, and intestine. Moreover, the most highly expressed of the ABC genes were ABCB1 and ABCC2 in all eight of the tissues tested. The ABCB11 gene was almost exclusively expressed in the liver of the rare minnow, whereas ABCC1 and ABCG2 showed weak expression in all eight tissues compared to ABCB1 and ABCC2. Our results provide the first thorough examination of the expression patterns of toxicologically relevant ABC transporters in the rare minnow and serve as a necessary basis for further studies of these ABC transporters in fish. Furthermore, synergistic up-regulation of CYP1A, GSTp1, GCLC, UGT1a, and ABCC2 was observed in the rare minnow liver following pyrene exposure, while GSTm, ABCB1, ABCB11, ABCC1, and ABCG2 were not significantly affected (p < 0.05). The synergistic up-regulation of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and ABC transporters by pyrene suggests a possible involvement and cooperation of these genes in the detoxification process in rare minnows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Biping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
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13
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Heger M, van Golen RF, Broekgaarden M, Michel MC. The molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin and its metabolites in relation to cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:222-307. [PMID: 24368738 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the oncopharmacological properties of curcumin at the molecular level. First, the interactions between curcumin and its molecular targets are addressed on the basis of curcumin's distinct chemical properties, which include H-bond donating and accepting capacity of the β-dicarbonyl moiety and the phenylic hydroxyl groups, H-bond accepting capacity of the methoxy ethers, multivalent metal and nonmetal cation binding properties, high partition coefficient, rotamerization around multiple C-C bonds, and the ability to act as a Michael acceptor. Next, the in vitro chemical stability of curcumin is elaborated in the context of its susceptibility to photochemical and chemical modification and degradation (e.g., alkaline hydrolysis). Specific modification and degradatory pathways are provided, which mainly entail radical-based intermediates, and the in vitro catabolites are identified. The implications of curcumin's (photo)chemical instability are addressed in light of pharmaceutical curcumin preparations, the use of curcumin analogues, and implementation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its most important degradation products are detailed in light of curcumin's poor bioavailability. Particular emphasis is placed on xenobiotic phase I and II metabolism as well as excretion of curcumin in the intestines (first pass), the liver (second pass), and other organs in addition to the pharmacokinetics of curcumin metabolites and their systemic clearance. Lastly, a summary is provided of the clinical pharmacodynamics of curcumin followed by a detailed account of curcumin's direct molecular targets, whereby the phenotypical/biological changes induced in cancer cells upon completion of the curcumin-triggered signaling cascade(s) are addressed in the framework of the hallmarks of cancer. The direct molecular targets include the ErbB family of receptors, protein kinase C, enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, vitamin D receptor, and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Furukawa T, Naritomi Y, Tetsuka K, Nakamori F, Moriguchi H, Yamano K, Terashita S, Tabata K, Teramura T. Species differences in intestinal glucuronidation activities between humans, rats, dogs and monkeys. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:205-16. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.828362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Tripathi SP, Bhadauriya A, Patil A, Sangamwar AT. Substrate selectivity of human intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs): in silico and in vitro insights. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:231-52. [PMID: 23461702 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.767345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current drug development process aims to produce safe, effective drugs within a reasonable time and at a reasonable cost. Phase II metabolism (glucuronidation) can affect drug action and pharmacokinetics to a considerable extent and so its studies and prediction at initial stages of drug development are very imperative. Extensive glucuronidation is an obstacle to oral bioavailability because the first-pass glucuronidation [or premature clearance by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)] of orally administered agents frequently results in poor oral bioavailability and lack of efficacy. Modeling of new chemical entities/drugs for UGTs and their kinetic data can be useful in understanding the binding patterns to be used in the design of better molecules. This review concentrates on first-pass glucuronidation by intestinal UGTs, including their topology, expression profile, and pharmacogenomics. In addition, recent advances are discussed with respect to substrate selectivity at the binding pocket, structural requirements, and mechanism of enzyme actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
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16
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Zancanella V, Giantin M, Lopparelli RM, Nebbia C, Dacasto M. Tissue distribution and phenobarbital induction of target SLC- and ABC- transporters in cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:358-69. [PMID: 22897113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In veterinary pharmaco-toxicological sciences, few data about uptake and efflux drug transporters (DTs) expression and regulation phenomena have been published. In this study, the tissue distribution and transcriptional modulation of solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) DTs were investigated in cattle orally administered with phenobarbital (PB) by using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR approach. The criterion for target gene selection was the PB-responsiveness in human and rodent model species. All target DTs were expressed in the liver. Only two of the seven PB-responsive target DTs (SLCO1B3 and SLC10A1) were not constitutively expressed in cattle extra-hepatic tissues. The greatest number of DTs (SLCO2B1, ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2) were expressed in intestine and testis, followed by, adrenal gland (SLCO2B1, ABCB1, ABCG2), lung (ABCB1, ABCG2), kidney, and skeletal muscle (ABCG2). PB administration never altered DTs mRNA levels, except for an increase in hepatic ABCC2 mRNA and a down-regulation of renal ABCG2. Altogether, these results confirm only to some extent data obtained in humans and laboratory species; clearly, they should be considered a preliminary step for further molecular investigations about species-differences in DT gene expression and regulation as well as in DT expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zancanella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Italy
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Zancanella V, Giantin M, Lopparelli RM, Nebbia C, Dacasto M. Constitutive expression and phenobarbital modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and related nuclear receptors in cattle liver and extra-hepatic tissues. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:1096-109. [PMID: 22694178 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.694493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In humans and rodents, phenobarbital (PB) induces hepatic and extra-hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) through the activation of specific nuclear receptors (NRs). In contrast, few data about PB transcriptional effects in veterinary species are available. The constitutive expression and modulation of PB-responsive NR and DME genes, following an oral PB challenge, were investigated in cattle liver and extra-hepatic tissues (duodenum, kidney, lung, testis, adrenal and muscle). Likewise to humans and rodents, target genes were expressed to a lower extent compared to the liver with few exceptions. Phenobarbital significantly affected hepatic CYP2B22, 2C31, 2C87, 3A and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1-like, glutathione S-transferase A1-like and sulfotransferase 1A1-like (SULT1A1-like) mRNAs and apoprotein amounts; in extra-hepatic tissues, only duodenum showed a significant down-regulation of SULT1A1-like gene and apoprotein. Nuclear receptor mRNAs were never affected by PB. Presented data are the first evidence about the constitutive expression of foremost DME and NR genes in cattle extra-hepatic tissues, and the data obtained following a PB challenge are suggestive of species-differences in drug metabolism; altogether, these information are of value for the extrapolation of pharmacotoxicological data among species, the characterization of drug-drug interactions as well as the animal and consumer's risk caused by harmful residues formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zancanella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Agripolis Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Furukawa T, Yamano K, Naritomi Y, Tanaka K, Terashita S, Teramura T. Method for predicting human intestinal first-pass metabolism of UGT substrate compounds. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:980-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.680620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yoda N, Emoto C, Date S, Kondo S, Miyake M, Nakazato S, Umehara K, Kashiyama E. Characterization of intestinal and hepatic P450 enzymes in cynomolgus monkeys with typical substrates and inhibitors for human P450 enzymes. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:719-30. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.656732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Furukawa T, Nakamori F, Tetsuka K, Naritomi Y, Moriguchi H, Yamano K, Terashita S, Teramura T. Quantitative prediction of intestinal glucuronidation of drugs in rats using in vitro metabolic clearance data. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 27:171-80. [PMID: 21970858 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) is highly expressed in the small intestine and catalyzes the glucuronidation of small molecules, which may affect the oral bioavailability of drugs. However, no method of predicting the in vivo observed fraction of absorbed drug (F(a)F(g)) affected by UGT has yet been established. Here, we investigated the relationship between F(a)F(g) and in vitro clearance of nine UGT substrates (ketoprofen, tolcapone, telmisartan, raloxifene, entacapone, resveratrol, buprenorphine, quercetin, and ezetimibe) via UGT in intestinal microsomes (CL(int, UGT)) in rats. F(a)F(g) was calculated from pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous and oral administration or using the portal-systemic concentration difference method, with values ranging from 0.027 (ezetimibe) to 1 (tolcapone). Glucuronides of model compounds were observed in the portal plasma after oral administration, with CL(int, UGT) values ranging from 57.8 (tolcapone) to 19,200 µL/min/mg (resveratrol). An inverse correlation between F(a)F(g) and CL(int, UGT) was observed for most compounds and was described using a simplified intestinal availability model reported previously. This model gave accurate predictions of F(a)F(g) values for three in-house compounds. Our results show that F(a)F(g) in rats is affected by UGT and can be predicted using CL(int, UGT). This work should hasten the development of a method to predict F(a)F(g) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Furukawa
- Analysis and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba.
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Komura H, Iwaki M. In vitro and in vivo small intestinal metabolism of CYP3A and UGT substrates in preclinical animals species and humans: species differences. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 43:476-98. [PMID: 21859377 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.597401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal first-pass metabolism has a great impact on the bioavailability of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A) and/or uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucoronosyltranferase (UGT) substrates in humans. In vitro and in vivo intestinal metabolism studies are essential for clarifying pharmacokinetics in animal species and for predicting the effects of human intestinal metabolism. We review species differences in intestinal metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Based on mRNA expression levels, the major intestinal CYP3A isoform is CYP3A4 for humans, CYP3A4 (3A8) for monkeys, CYP3A9 for rats, cyp3a13 for mice, and CYP3A12 for dogs. Additionally, the intestinal-specific UGT would be UGT1A10 for humans, UGT1A8 for monkeys, and UGT1A7 for rats. In vitro and in vivo intestinal metabolism of CYP3A substrates were larger in monkeys than in humans, although a correlation in intestinal availability between monkeys and humans has been reported. Little information is available regarding species differences in in vitro and in vivo UGT activities; however, UGT-mediated in vivo intestinal metabolism has been demonstrated for raloxifene in humans and for baicalein in rats. Further assessment of intestinal metabolism, particularly for UGT substrates, is required to clarify the entire picture of species differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Komura
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
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Nakanishi Y, Matsushita A, Matsuno K, Iwasaki K, Utoh M, Nakamura C, Uno Y. Regional distribution of cytochrome p450 mRNA expression in the liver and small intestine of cynomolgus monkeys. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2010; 25:290-7. [PMID: 20610888 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.25.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cynomolgus monkey is used to study drug metabolism because of its evolutionary closeness to humans. Despite their importance, regional distribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3As in the liver and small intestine, the major sites of drug metabolism, has not been fully investigated in cynomolgus monkeys. In this study, we measured mRNA expression levels of 14 CYPs in the CYP1, 2, and 3 subfamilies, including orthologs of human CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, in the liver and small intestine of cynomolgus monkeys. Expression levels of each CYP mRNA in various regions of the liver were quantified and comparisons were made between the right lobe, quadrate lobe, left medial lobe, left lateral lobe, and caudate lobe and with four different sections of the right lobe. In the small intestine, the same mRNAs were measured in the duodenum and six different sections from the proximal jejunum to the distal ileum. Expression levels of the CYP mRNAs were not substantially different between liver samples, but varied between the different sections of the small intestine, including CYP3A4. These results suggest that analysis of distinct sections is required for a better understanding of cynomolgus monkey CYPs in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Nakanishi
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd., 16-1 Minami-Akasaka, Kainan, Wakayama, Japan
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Nishimura M. [Evaluation of induction of drug-metabolizing enzyme mRNAs in primary cultures of cryopreserved human and cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 129:815-20. [PMID: 19571516 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.129.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a method for measuring drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters using real-time one-step RT-PCR with TaqMan probes. This method has the advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity, and linearity of quantification over a wide range of mRNA concentrations, making it particularly suitable for evaluating large numbers of samples, as required in expression profile determinations. We also introduce the use of primary cultures of cryopreserved human and cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes as an enzyme induction model. Furthermore, we introduce the combination of real-time one-step RT-PCR and hepatocytes for evaluating the potency of various drugs in inducing drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. We discuss the usefulness of evaluating the gene induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters following exposure to drugs in human and cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes. The combination of real-time one-step RT-PCR and primary cultures of cryopreserved hepatocytes is useful for preclinical drug evaluation and for screening to evaluate the induction potency of new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuhiro Nishimura
- New Product and Business Development, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan.
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