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Shirai K, Qiu S, Minowa H, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Air-liquid interface culture and modified culture medium promote the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into intestinal epithelial cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 55:100994. [PMID: 38452616 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
An in vitro system that evaluates pharmacokinetics in the small intestine is crucial for the development of oral drugs. We produced human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells (hiSIECs) with high drug metabolizing enzyme and drug transporter activities. However, the gene expression of our hiSIECs partially differed from that of the human small intestine, with low drug metabolizing enzyme activities. Therefore, we used air-liquid interface (ALI) culture and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5AZA)-free medium to generate hiSIECs (novel hiSIECs). Novel hiSIECs showed enhanced gene expression of drug metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and carboxylesterase 2 that are highly expressed in the small intestine. In addition, the expression of genes involved in nutrient absorption-one of the major functions of the small intestine-also increased. The novel hiSIECs expressed ZO-1 and E-cadherin. Moreover, the novel hiSIECs exhibited a barrier function that allowed low lucifer yellow permeation. The novel hiSIECs showed high activities of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, which are abundantly expressed in the small intestine. In conclusion, the novel hiSIECs have great potential as an in vitro system to evaluate pharmacokinetics in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shirai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Shimeng Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Hanako Minowa
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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2
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Imakura Y, Mima S, Yamazaki N, Inomata A, Mochizuki S, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells for pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and immunological studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149356. [PMID: 38071890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The small intestine, which plays a crucial role in the absorption and metabolism of drugs and foods, serves as a target organ for drug-induced toxicity and immune interactions with functional foods and intestinal bacteria. Current alternative models of the human small intestine, such as Caco-2 cells and experimental animals, have limitations due to variations in the expression levels of metabolic enzymes, transporters, and receptors. This study presents investigations into the utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells (hiSIECs) for pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and immunological studies, respectively. While hiSIECs displayed small intestinal epithelial cell characteristics and barrier function, they demonstrated pharmacokinetic properties such as cytochrome P450 3A4/5 activity equivalent to human primary enterocytes and stable P-glycoprotein activity. These cells also demonstrated potential for assessing two forms of intestinal toxicity caused by anticancer drugs and gamma-secretase inhibitors, displaying immune responses mediated by toll-like and fatty acid receptors while serving as an inflammatory gut model through the addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma. Overall, hiSIECs hold promise as an in vitro model for assessing pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and effects on the intestinal immunity of pharmaceuticals, functional foods, supplements, and intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imakura
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Mima
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Nao Yamazaki
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Inomata
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mochizuki
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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3
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Michiba K, Watanabe K, Imaoka T, Nakai D. Recent Advances in the Gastrointestinal Complex in Vitro Model for ADME Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:37. [PMID: 38258048 PMCID: PMC10819272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal absorption is a complex process involving the permeability of the epithelial barrier, efflux transporter activity, and intestinal metabolism. Identifying the key factors that govern intestinal absorption for each investigational drug is crucial. To assess and predict intestinal absorption in humans, it is necessary to leverage appropriate in vitro systems. Traditionally, Caco-2 monolayer systems and intestinal Ussing chamber studies have been considered the 'gold standard' for studying intestinal absorption. However, these methods have limitations that hinder their universal use in drug discovery and development. Recently, there has been an increasing number of reports on complex in vitro models (CIVMs) using human intestinal organoids derived from intestinal tissue specimens or iPSC-derived enterocytes plated on 2D or 3D in microphysiological systems. These CIVMs provide a more physiologically relevant representation of key ADME-related proteins compared to conventional in vitro methods. They hold great promise for use in drug discovery and development due to their ability to replicate the expressions and functions of these proteins. This review highlights recent advances in gut CIVMs employing intestinal organoid model systems compared to conventional methods. It is important to note that each CIVM should be tailored to the investigational drug properties and research questions at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Michiba
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan; (K.W.); (T.I.); (D.N.)
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4
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Maeda K. Quantitative Prediction of Intestinal Absorption of Drugs from In Vitro Study: Utilization of Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells Derived from Intestinal Stem Cells at Crypts. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1136-1144. [PMID: 37142427 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of intestinal absorption of drugs in humans is one of the critical elements in the development process for oral drugs. However, it remains challenging, because intestinal absorption of drugs is influenced by multiple factors, including the function of various metabolic enzymes and transporters, and large species differences in drug bioavailability hinder the prediction of human bioavailability directly from in vivo animal experiments. For the screening of intestinal absorption properties of drugs, a transcellular transport assay with Caco-2 cells is still routinely used by pharmaceutical companies because of its convenience, but the predictability of the fraction of the oral dose that goes to the portal vein of metabolic enzyme/transporter substrate drugs was not always good because the cellular expression of metabolic enzymes and transporters is different from that in the human intestine. Recently, various novel in vitro experimental systems have been proposed such as the use of human-derived intestinal samples, transcellular transport assay with induced pluripotent stem-derived enterocyte-like cells, or differentiated intestinal epithelial cells derived from intestinal stem cells at crypts. Crypt-derived differentiated epithelial cells have an excellent potential to characterize species differences and regional differences in intestinal absorption of drugs because a unified protocol can be used for the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and their differentiation into intestinal absorptive epithelial cells regardless of the animal species and the gene expression pattern of differentiated cells is maintained at the site of original crypts. The advantages and disadvantages of novel in vitro experimental systems for characterizing intestinal absorption of drugs are also discussed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Among novel in vitro tools for the prediction of human intestinal absorption of drugs, crypt-derived differentiated epithelial cells have many advantages. Cultured intestinal stem cells are rapidly proliferated and easily differentiated into intestinal absorptive epithelial cells simply by changing the culture media. A unified protocol can be used for the establishment of intestinal stem cell culture from preclinical species and humans. Region-specific gene expression at the collection site of crypts can be reproduced in differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Busch M, Brouwer H, Aalderink G, Bredeck G, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Bouwmeester H. Investigating nanoplastics toxicity using advanced stem cell-based intestinal and lung in vitro models. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1112212. [PMID: 36777263 PMCID: PMC9911716 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic particles in the nanometer range-called nanoplastics-are environmental contaminants with growing public health concern. As plastic particles are present in water, soil, air and food, human exposure via intestine and lung is unavoidable, but possible health effects are still to be elucidated. To better understand the Mode of Action of plastic particles, it is key to use experimental models that best reflect human physiology. Novel assessment methods like advanced cell models and several alternative approaches are currently used and developed in the scientific community. So far, the use of cancer cell line-based models is the standard approach regarding in vitro nanotoxicology. However, among the many advantages of the use of cancer cell lines, there are also disadvantages that might favor other approaches. In this review, we compare cell line-based models with stem cell-based in vitro models of the human intestine and lung. In the context of nanoplastics research, we highlight the advantages that come with the use of stem cells. Further, the specific challenges of testing nanoplastics in vitro are discussed. Although the use of stem cell-based models can be demanding, we conclude that, depending on the research question, stem cells in combination with advanced exposure strategies might be a more suitable approach than cancer cell lines when it comes to toxicological investigation of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Busch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Brouwer
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Germaine Aalderink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Roel P. F. Schins
- IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Hans Bouwmeester,
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Omar TA, Sweed E, Sweed D, Eledel RH, Abou-Elela DH, Hikal G. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Clinical treatments fail to reduce inflammation and induce side effects in nearly 30% of patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are immunomodulatory agents that can encourage tissue repair and regeneration.
Aim: To investigate the ability of MSCs to differentiate into enterocytes under the mediation of activin a, fibroblastic growth factor 2, and epidermal growth factors and to study the effect of administering MSCs to rats with acetic acid (AA)-induced UC.
Methods: MSCs isolated from the umbilical cord were induced to differentiate into enterocytes. The induced cells were morphologically evaluated by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Forty rats were divided into four groups: control, AA-induced UC, differentiated, and undifferentiated MSC treated groups. The acute UC in rats was induced by 3% AA transrectal administration. Body weight changes, disease activity index (DAI), and histopathological and immunohistochemical CD105 and CD34 staining were recorded. IL-17, IL-10, and TGF- β levels were measured as well.
Results: In Both differentiated and undifferentiated MSCs, induced MSCs improved the DAI score and significantly recovered the pathological changes. The favorable effect of MSCs was significantly linked to CD105 overexpression and CD34 low expression. IL-10 and TGF-β levels increased while IL-17 levels decreased.
Conclusion: Both differentiated and undifferentiated MSCs showed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in our study. Based on our results, MSCs could become potentially useful for regenerative medicine and the clinical treatment of UC.
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7
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Suspension culture of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids using natural polysaccharides. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Wang X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang J, Jian X. Expression, Regulation, and Role of an Oligopeptide Transporter: PEPT1 in Tumors. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:1596-1605. [PMID: 35546503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210707170214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
PEPT1 is a vital member of the proton-dependent oligopeptide transporters
family (POTs). Many studies have confirmed that PEPT1 plays a critical role in the absorption
of dipeptides, tripeptides, and pseudopeptides in the intestinal tract. In recent
years, several studies have found that PEPT1 is highly expressed in malignant tumor tissues
and cells. The abnormal expression of PEPT1 in tumors may be closely related to the
progress of tumors, and hence, could be considered as a potential molecular biomarker for
the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in malignant tumors. Furthermore, PEPT1 can be
used to mediate the targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs. Herein, the expression, regulation,
and role of PEPT1 in tumors in recent years have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute
of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Baodi Hospital/Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute
of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yongjuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute
of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute
of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xu Jian
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University
General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
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9
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Arian CM, Imaoka T, Yang J, Kelly EJ, Thummel KE. Gutsy science: In vitro systems of the human intestine to model oral drug disposition. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 230:107962. [PMID: 34478775 PMCID: PMC8821120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The intestine has important gate-keeping functions that can profoundly affect the systemic blood exposure of orally administered drugs. Thus, characterizing a new molecular entity's (NME) disposition within the intestine is of utmost importance in drug development. While currently used in vitro systems, such as Ussing chamber, precision-cut intestinal slices, immortalized cell lines, and primary enterocytes provide substantial knowledge about drug absorption and the intestinal first-pass effect, they remain sub-optimal for quantitatively predicting this process and the oral bioavailability of many drugs. Use of novel in vitro systems such as intestinal organoids and intestinal microphysiological systems have provided substantial advances over the past decade, expanding our understanding of intestinal physiology, pathology, and development. However, application of these emerging in vitro systems in the pharmaceutical science is in its infancy. Preliminary work has demonstrated that these systems more accurately recapitulate the physiology and biochemistry of the intact intestine, as it relates to oral drug disposition, and thus they hold considerable promise as preclinical testing platforms of the future. Here we review currently used and emerging in vitro models of the human intestine employed in pharmaceutical science research. We also highlight aspects of these emerging tools that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Arian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tomoki Imaoka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jade Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward J Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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10
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Ryu B, Son MY, Jung KB, Kim U, Kim J, Kwon O, Son YS, Jung CR, Park JH, Kim CY. Next-Generation Intestinal Toxicity Model of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Enterocyte-Like Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:587659. [PMID: 34604364 PMCID: PMC8481684 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.587659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the most common exposure route of xenobiotics, and intestinal toxicity can result in systemic toxicity in most cases. It is important to develop intestinal toxicity assays mimicking the human system; thus, stem cells are rapidly being developed as new paradigms of toxicity assessment. In this study, we established human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived enterocyte-like cells (ELCs) and compared them to existing in vivo and in vitro models. We found that hESC-ELCs and the in vivo model showed transcriptomically similar expression patterns of a total of 10,020 genes than the commercialized cell lines. Besides, we treated the hESC-ELCs, in vivo rats, Caco-2 cells, and Hutu-80 cells with quarter log units of lethal dose 50 or lethal concentration 50 of eight drugs—chloramphenicol, cycloheximide, cytarabine, diclofenac, fluorouracil, indomethacin, methotrexate, and oxytetracycline—and then subsequently analyzed the biomolecular markers and morphological changes. While the four models showed similar tendencies in general toxicological reaction, hESC-ELCs showed a stronger correlation with the in vivo model than the immortalized cell lines. These results indicate that hESC-ELCs can serve as a next-generation intestinal toxicity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kwang Bo Jung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ukjin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ohman Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ye Seul Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Kikuchi C, Sakasai-Sakai A, Okimura R, Tanaka H, Takata T, Takeuchi M, Matsunaga T. Accumulation of Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products Induces Cytotoxicity and Inflammation in Hepatocyte-Like Cells Differentiated from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1399-1402. [PMID: 34602548 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the aggressive form of the most common chronic liver disease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is characterized by inflammation and damage in the liver. Although hepatocyte injury and cell death have been identified as cardinal pathological features of NASH, its pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated in detail. Immortalized cell lines and primary cultured cells have been used as in vitro models of NASH. However, these cells have several disadvantages, such as specialized characteristics by immortalization or limited growth potential. To overcome these difficulties and develop a strategy to analyze the pathology of NASH, we employed hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-HLCs) as an in vitro model of NASH to clarify the intracellular effects of glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), also named toxic AGEs (TAGE). The viability of hiPSC-HLCs decreased with the accumulation of TAGE in the cells, which was consistent with previous findings on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and human primary cultured hepatocytes. In addition, the TAGE accumulation up-regulated the expression of inflammation-related genes (interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) in hiPSC-HLCs. These results indicated that the accumulation of TAGE induced hiPSC-HLC cytotoxicity and inflammation, which are features of the pathology of NASH. Therefore, we suggest the use of hiPSC-HLCs as an important strategy for analyses of the pathology of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigusa Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Laboratory of Community Medicine, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Risa Okimura
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Hinako Tanaka
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Takanobu Takata
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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12
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Agarwal T, Onesto V, Lamboni L, Ansari A, Maiti TK, Makvandi P, Vosough M, Yang G. Engineering biomimetic intestinal topological features in 3D tissue models: retrospects and prospects. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Gellan Gum Promotes the Differentiation of Enterocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100951. [PMID: 33050367 PMCID: PMC7599917 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of drug pharmacokinetics in the small intestine is critical for developing orally administered drugs. Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells are employed to evaluate drug absorption in preclinical trials of drug development. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Caco-2 cells are different from those of the normal human small intestine. Besides this, it is almost impossible to obtain primary human intestinal epithelial cells of the same batch. Therefore, human iPS cell-derived enterocytes (hiPSEs) with pharmacokinetic functions similar to human intestinal epithelial cells are expected to be useful for the evaluation of drug absorption. Previous studies have been limited to the use of cytokines and small molecules to generate hiPSEs. Dietary fibers play a critical role in maintaining intestinal physiology. We used gellan gum (GG), a soluble dietary fiber, to optimize hiPSE differentiation. hiPSEs cocultured with GG had significantly higher expression of small intestine- and pharmacokinetics-related genes and proteins. The activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 2C19, and peptide transporter 1 were significantly increased in the GG treatment group compared to the control group. At the end point of differentiation, the percentage of senescent cells increased. Therefore, GG could improve the differentiation efficiency of human iPS cells to enterocytes and increase intestinal maturation by extending the life span of hiPSEs.
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14
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Li AP. In Vitro Human Cell–Based Experimental Models for the Evaluation of Enteric Metabolism and Drug Interaction Potential of Drugs and Natural Products. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:980-992. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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15
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Kabeya T, Mima S, Imakura Y, Miyashita T, Ogura I, Yamada T, Yasujima T, Yuasa H, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Pharmacokinetic functions of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:374-382. [PMID: 32651148 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.04.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To develop a novel intestinal drug absorption system using intestinal epithelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the cells must possess sufficient pharmacokinetic functions. However, the CYP3A4/5 activities of human iPS cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells prepared using conventional differentiation methods is low. Further, studies of the CYP3A4/5 activities of human iPS-derived and primary small intestinal cells are not available. To fill this gap in our knowledge, here we used forskolin to develop a new differentiation protocol that activates adenosine monophosphate signaling. mRNA expressions of human iPS cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells, such as small intestine markers, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and drug transporters, were comparable to or greater than those of the adult small intestine. The activities of CYP3A4/5 in the differentiated cells were equal to those of human primary small intestinal cells. The differentiated cells had P-glycoprotein and PEPT1 activities equivalent to those of Caco-2 cells. Differentiated cells were superior to Caco-2 cells for predicting the membrane permeability of drugs that were absorbed through a paracellular pathway and via drug transporters. In summary, here we produced human iPS cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells with CYP3A4/5 activities equivalent to those of human primary small intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kabeya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mima
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratory, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Japan
| | - Yuki Imakura
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratory, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Japan
| | - Toshihide Miyashita
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratory, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Japan
| | - Izumi Ogura
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratory, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Japan
| | - Tadanori Yamada
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratory, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yasujima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yuasa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Zhang H, Wolford C, Basit A, Li AP, Fan PW, Murray BP, Takahashi RH, Khojasteh SC, Smith BJ, Thummel KE, Prasad B. Regional Proteomic Quantification of Clinically Relevant Non-Cytochrome P450 Enzymes along the Human Small Intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:528-536. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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17
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Kondo S, Mizuno S, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Establishment of a novel culture method for maintaining intestinal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio049064. [PMID: 31919043 PMCID: PMC6955217 DOI: 10.1242/bio.049064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs due to the presence of drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes. However, few appropriate methods exist to investigate intestinal pharmacokinetics. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can form various types of cells and represent a potentially useful tool for drug discovery. We previously reported that differentiated enterocytes from human iPS cells are useful for pharmacokinetic studies; however, the process is time and resource intensive. Here, we established a new two-dimensional culture method for maintaining human iPS-cell-derived intestinal stem cells (ISCs) with differentiation potency and evaluated their ability to differentiate into enterocytes exhibiting appropriate pharmacokinetic function. The culture method used several factors to activate signalling pathways required for maintaining stemness, followed by differentiation into enterocytes. Functional evaluation was carried out to verify epithelial-marker expression and inducibility and activity of metabolic enzymes and transporters. Our results confirmed the establishment of an ISC culture method for maintaining stemness and verified that the differentiated enterocytes from the maintained ISCs demonstrated proper pharmacokinetic function. Thus, our findings describe a time- and cost-effective approach that can be used as a general evaluation tool for evaluating intestinal pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kondo
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Genova E, Cavion F, Lucafò M, Leo LD, Pelin M, Stocco G, Decorti G. Induced pluripotent stem cells for therapy personalization in pediatric patients: Focus on drug-induced adverse events. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1020-1044. [PMID: 31875867 PMCID: PMC6904863 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are major clinical problems, particularly in special populations such as pediatric patients. Indeed, ADRs may be caused by a plethora of different drugs leading, in some cases, to hospitalization, disability or even death. In addition, pediatric patients may respond differently to drugs with respect to adults and may be prone to developing different kinds of ADRs, leading, in some cases, to more severe consequences. To improve the comprehension, and thus the prevention, of ADRs, the set-up of sensitive and personalized assays is urgently needed. Important progress is represented by the possibility of setting up groundbreaking patient-specific assays. This goal has been powerfully achieved using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Due to their genetic and physiological species-specific differences and their ability to be differentiated ideally into all tissues of the human body, this model may be accurate in predicting drug toxicity, especially when this toxicity is related to individual genetic differences. This review is an up-to-date summary of the employment of iPSCs as a model to study ADRs, with particular attention to drugs used in the pediatric field. We especially focused on the intestinal, hepatic, pancreatic, renal, cardiac, and neuronal levels, also discussing progress in organoids creation. The latter are three-dimensional in vitro culture systems derived from pluripotent or adult stem cells simulating the architecture and functionality of native organs such as the intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, and brain. Based on the existing knowledge, these models are powerful and promising tools in multiple clinical applications including toxicity screening, disease modeling, personalized and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Genova
- PhD School in Reproduction and Development Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Federica Cavion
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Luigina De Leo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
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19
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Kawai K, Negoro R, Ichikawa M, Yamashita T, Deguchi S, Harada K, Hirata K, Takayama K, Mizuguchi H. Establishment of SLC15A1/PEPT1-Knockout Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line for Intestinal Drug Absorption Studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 17:49-57. [PMID: 31890740 PMCID: PMC6926248 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because many peptide and peptide-mimetic drugs are substrates of peptide transporter 1, it is important to evaluate the peptide transporter 1-mediated intestinal absorption of drug candidates in the early phase of drug development. Although intestinal cell lines treated with inhibitors of peptide transporter 1 are widely used to examine whether drug candidates are substrates for peptide transporter 1, these inhibitors are not sufficiently specific for peptide transporter 1. In this study, to generate a more precise evaluation model, we established peptide transporter 1-knockout induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by using a CRISPR-Cas9 system and differentiated the cells into intestinal epithelial-like cells. The permeability value and uptake capacity of glycylsarcosine (substrate of peptide transporter 1) in peptide transporter 1-knockout intestinal epithelial-like cells were significantly lower than those in wild-type intestinal epithelial-like cells, suggesting that peptide transporter 1 was successfully depleted in the epithelial cells. Taken together, our model can be useful in the development of peptide and peptide-mimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Kawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Negoro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moe Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Harada
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Hirata
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Iwao T, Matsunaga T. [Generation of human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes and enterocytes for application to drug disposition studies]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:72-77. [PMID: 31406046 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In drug disposition, the liver and small intestine are very important as tissues involving in drug metabolism, absorption, and excretion. Thus, in drug development studies, it is necessary to evaluate the pharmacokinetics in these tissues accurately including the contributions of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Currently, all kinds of evaluation systems have been used for the pharmacokinetic prediction; however, there are some issues in these systems. Therefore, the researches for the development of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived hepatocytes and enterocytes, as novel systems besides existing ones, are being advanced. Because human iPS cells have abilities of pluripotency and almost infinite proliferation, it is thought to be possible to stably provide the high-quality cells that have similar characteristics to human normal tissue cells by using human iPS cells. In this review, we describe current status of differentiation studies of human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes and enterocytes and the functional characteristics of these cells centered on pharmacokinetic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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21
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Generation of Human iPSC-Derived Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayers by CDX2 Transduction. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:513-526. [PMID: 31228606 PMCID: PMC6722387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To develop an effective and safe orally administered drug, it is important to predict its intestinal absorption rate, intestinal first-pass effect, and drug-drug interactions of orally administered drugs. However, there is no existing model to comprehensively predict the intestinal pharmacokinetics and drug-response of orally administered drugs. In this study, we attempted to generate homogenous and functional intestinal epithelial cells from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for pharmaceutical research. METHODS We generated almost-homogenous Villin- and zonula occludens-1 (ZO1)-positive intestinal epithelial cells by caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) transduction into human iPS cell-derived intestinal progenitor cells. RESULTS The drug absorption rates in human iPS cell-derived intestinal epithelial cell monolayers (iPS-IECM) were highly correlated with those in humans (R2=0.91). The expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, a dominant drug-metabolizing enzyme in the small intestine, in human iPS-IECM were similar to those in human small intestine in vivo. In addition, intestinal availability in human iPS-IECM (the fraction passing the gut wall: Fg=0.73) was more similar to that in the human small intestine in vivo (Fg=0.57) than to that in Caco-2 cells (Fg=0.99), a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Moreover, the drug-drug interaction and drug-food interaction could be observed by using our human iPS-IECM in the presence of an inducer and inhibitor of CYP3A4, i.e., rifampicin and grape fruit juice, respectively. CONCLUSION Taking these results together, we succeeded in generating the human iPS-IECM that can be applied to various intestinal pharmacokinetics and drug-response tests of orally administered drugs.
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22
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Dutton JS, Hinman SS, Kim R, Wang Y, Allbritton NL. Primary Cell-Derived Intestinal Models: Recapitulating Physiology. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:744-760. [PMID: 30591184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of physiologically relevant intestinal models fueled by breakthroughs in primary cell-culture methods has enabled successful recapitulation of key features of intestinal physiology. These advances, paired with engineering methods, for example incorporating chemical gradients or physical forces across the tissues, have yielded ever more sophisticated systems that enhance our understanding of the impact of the host microbiome on human physiology as well as on the genesis of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. In this review we highlight recent advances in the development and usage of primary cell-derived intestinal models incorporating monolayers, organoids, microengineered platforms, and macrostructured systems, and discuss the expected directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S Dutton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Samuel S Hinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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23
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Kondo S, Mizuno S, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Using human iPS cell-derived enterocytes as novel in vitro model for the evaluation of human intestinal mucosal damage. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:975-984. [PMID: 30317465 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The primary component in gut mucus is mucin 2 (MUC2) secreted by goblet cells. Fluctuations in MUC2 expression are considered a useful indicator for evaluating mucosal damage and protective effect of various agents using animal studies. However, there are few in vitro studies evaluating mucosal damage using MUC2 as the indicator. Hence, we attempted to establish a novel in vitro model with MUC2 as the indicator for evaluating drug-induced mucosal damage and protective effect using enterocytes derived from human iPS cells. METHODS Compounds were added into enterocytes derived from human iPS cells, and MUC2 mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated. Further, the effect of compounds on membrane permeability was investigated. RESULTS Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found to decrease MUC2 mRNA expression in enterocytes, whereas mucosal protective agents increased mRNA levels. Changes in MUC2 protein expression were consistent with those of mRNA. Additionally, our results indicated that indomethacin caused mucosal damage, affecting membrane permeability of the drug. Moreover, we observed protective effect of rebamipide against the indomethacin-induced permeability increase. CONCLUSIONS The developed model could facilitate evaluating drug-induced mucosal damage and protective effects of various agents and could impact drug development studies regarding pharmacological efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kondo
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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24
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Iwao T. [Development of an In Vitro System for Evaluating Intestinal Drug Disposition Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Epithelial Cells]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1241-1247. [PMID: 30270266 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissues of the small intestine are crucial to understanding drug disposition because these tissues regulate the bioavailability of drugs. However, no evaluation system is currently available for precise and comprehensive analysis of intestinal pharmacokinetics. To address this, functional intestinal epithelial cells were generated from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for use in pharmacokinetic studies. An improved intestinal differentiation method was established by screening a variety of small molecule compounds against cells during differentiation. The mRNA expression levels of intestinal markers, drug transporters, and CYP3A4 were found to increase following treatment with compounds that act as inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase, DNA methyltransferase, and transforming growth factor-β. Therefore, we inferred that these compounds enhanced differentiation into intestinal epithelial cells. The differentiated intestinal epithelial cells in the presence of these compounds possessed drug-metabolizing enzyme activities, such as those of CYPs, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase. In addition, these cells had the ability to induce CYP3A4 in the presence of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The differentiated intestinal epithelial cells seeded on cell culture inserts formed loose-tight junctions, similar to those in the human small intestine, rather than Caco-2 cells. The cells exhibited polarity, such as apical and basal sides. We also demonstrated that the uptake and efflux transport activities in the cells occurred via peptide transporter and breast cancer resistance protein, respectively. Taken together, it was suggested that human iPS cell-derived intestinal epithelial cells are pharmacokinetically functional, and represent a promising model system for pharmacokinetic studies of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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25
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A Simple System for Differentiation of Functional Intestinal Stem Cell-like Cells from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:110-120. [PMID: 30268688 PMCID: PMC6171535 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of normal barrier function is a fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, and intestinal stem cell (ISC) transplantation may be an optional treatment for patients. However, it is complicated and inefficient to isolate ISCs from the intestine, which hampers its wide application in clinic. We developed a two-step protocol in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first induced into Sox17- or Foxa2-positive definitive endoderm cells by activin A treatment and then into Lgr5-positive ISC-like cells by miR-17 and FGF2 treatment. Furthermore, these Lgr5-positive cells could differentiate into enterocyte-like cells following induction with EGF. The results from an in vivo experiment showed that the MSC-derived Lgr5-positive cells were able to protect against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Taken together, our work might provide a new source of autologous ISCs.
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26
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Sawant-Basak A, Rodrigues AD, Lech M, Doyonnas R, Kasaian M, Prasad B, Tsamandouras N. Physiologically Relevant, Humanized Intestinal Systems to Study Metabolism and Transport of Small Molecule Therapeutics. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1581-1587. [PMID: 30126862 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal disposition of small molecules involves interplay of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), transporters, and host-microbiome interactions, which has spurred the development of in vitro intestinal models derived from primary tissue sources. Such models have been bioengineered from intestinal crypts, mucosal extracts, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids, and human intestinal tissue. This minireview discusses the utility and limitations of these human-derived models in support of small molecule drug metabolism and disposition. Enteroids from human intestinal crypts, organoids derived from iPSCs using growth factors or small molecule compounds, and enterocytes extracted from mucosal scrapings show key absorptive cell morphology while are limited in quantitative applications due to the lack of accessibility to the apical compartment, the lack of monolayers, or low expression of key DMEs, transporters, and nuclear hormone receptors. Despite morphogenesis to epithelial cells, similar challenges have been reported by more advanced technologies that have explored the impact of flow and mechanical stretch on proliferation and differentiation of Caco-2 cells. Most recently, bioengineered human intestinal epithelial or ileal cells have overcome many of the challenges, as the DME and transporter expression pattern resembles that of native intestinal tissue. Engineering advances may improve such models to support longer-term applications and meet end-user needs. Biochemical characterization and transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional endpoints of emerging novel intestinal models, when referenced to native human tissue, can provide greater confidence and increased utility in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sawant-Basak
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (A.S.-B.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, PDM, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (A.D.R.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (M.L., M.K.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Discovery Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (R.D.); Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, UWRAPT H268, Health Science Building, Seattle (B.P.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Early Clinical Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (N.T.).
| | - A David Rodrigues
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (A.S.-B.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, PDM, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (A.D.R.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (M.L., M.K.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Discovery Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (R.D.); Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, UWRAPT H268, Health Science Building, Seattle (B.P.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Early Clinical Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (N.T.)
| | - Matthew Lech
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (A.S.-B.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, PDM, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (A.D.R.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (M.L., M.K.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Discovery Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (R.D.); Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, UWRAPT H268, Health Science Building, Seattle (B.P.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Early Clinical Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (N.T.)
| | - Regis Doyonnas
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (A.S.-B.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, PDM, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (A.D.R.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (M.L., M.K.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Discovery Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (R.D.); Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, UWRAPT H268, Health Science Building, Seattle (B.P.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Early Clinical Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (N.T.)
| | - Marion Kasaian
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (A.S.-B.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, PDM, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (A.D.R.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (M.L., M.K.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Discovery Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (R.D.); Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, UWRAPT H268, Health Science Building, Seattle (B.P.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Early Clinical Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (N.T.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (A.S.-B.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, PDM, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (A.D.R.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (M.L., M.K.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Discovery Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (R.D.); Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, UWRAPT H268, Health Science Building, Seattle (B.P.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Early Clinical Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (N.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Tsamandouras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (A.S.-B.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, PDM, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (A.D.R.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (M.L., M.K.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Discovery Sciences, Eastern Point Road, Groton, 06340 (R.D.); Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, UWRAPT H268, Health Science Building, Seattle (B.P.); Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Early Clinical Development, Clinical Pharmacology, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (N.T.)
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Kabeya T, Qiu S, Hibino M, Nagasaki M, Kodama N, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Cyclic AMP Signaling Promotes the Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1411-1419. [PMID: 30068521 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a novel in vitro system for predicting intestinal drug absorption using human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived intestinal epithelial cells, the cells need to have sufficient drug-metabolizing enzyme and drug transporter activities. We found that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling plays an important role in the differentiation of human iPS cells into intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of signaling activation in the intestinal differentiation of human iPS cells and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of human iPS cell-derived intestinal epithelial cells. Human iPS cells were differentiated into intestinal stem cells using activin A and fibroblast growth factor 2. Subsequently, the intestinal stem cells were maturated into intestinal epithelial cells by treatment with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), which activate cAMP signaling. The expression levels of intestinal markers and pharmacokinetics-related genes in the differentiated cells were markedly increased by using 8-Br-cAMP and IBMX. In the cells differentiated with the compound we observed cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inducibility via pregnane X receptor and vitamin D receptor. The metabolic activities of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, which are expressed in the human small intestine, were also markedly increased. Furthermore, uptake of glycylsarcosine via peptide transporter 1 was markedly increased. The cells differentiated with the compounds also had drug transporter activities via organic anion transporters and P-glycoprotein. This study is the first to report that the activation of cAMP signaling promotes differentiation of human iPS cell-derived intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kabeya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K., S.Q., N.K., T.I., T.M.) and Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.H., M.N., T.I., T.M.), Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shimeng Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K., S.Q., N.K., T.I., T.M.) and Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.H., M.N., T.I., T.M.), Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Momona Hibino
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K., S.Q., N.K., T.I., T.M.) and Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.H., M.N., T.I., T.M.), Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizuka Nagasaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K., S.Q., N.K., T.I., T.M.) and Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.H., M.N., T.I., T.M.), Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nao Kodama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K., S.Q., N.K., T.I., T.M.) and Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.H., M.N., T.I., T.M.), Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K., S.Q., N.K., T.I., T.M.) and Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.H., M.N., T.I., T.M.), Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K., S.Q., N.K., T.I., T.M.) and Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.H., M.N., T.I., T.M.), Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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iPSC-Derived Enterocyte-like Cells for Drug Absorption and Metabolism Studies. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:696-708. [PMID: 29945758 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal cell models have been widely studied and used to evaluate absorption and metabolism of drugs in the small intestine, constituting valuable tools as a first approach to evaluate the behavior of new drugs. However, such cell models might not be able to fully predict the absorption mechanisms and metabolic pathways of the tested compounds. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into enterocyte-like cells have been proposed as more biorelevant intestinal models. In this review, we describe mechanisms underlying the differentiation of iPSCs into enterocyte-like cells, appraise the usefulness of these cells in tridimensional intestinal models, and discuss their suitability to be used in the future for drug screening.
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Ishizaki Y, Furihata T, Oyama Y, Ohura K, Imai T, Hosokawa M, Akita H, Chiba K. Development of a Caco-2 Cell Line Carrying the Human Intestine-Type CES Expression Profile as a Promising Tool for Ester-Containing Drug Permeability Studies. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:697-706. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ishizaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | - Yusuke Oyama
- Department of Metabolism-Based Drug Design and Delivery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University
| | - Kayoko Ohura
- Department of Metabolism-Based Drug Design and Delivery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University
| | - Teruko Imai
- Department of Metabolism-Based Drug Design and Delivery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Kan Chiba
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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30
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Wang CY, Liu S, Xie XN, Tan ZR. Regulation profile of the intestinal peptide transporter 1 (PepT1). DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:3511-3517. [PMID: 29263649 PMCID: PMC5726373 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s151725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was first identified in 1994. It plays a crucial role in the absorption of small peptides including not only >400 different dipeptides and 8,000 tripeptides digested from dietary proteins but also a repertoire of structurally related compounds and drugs. Owing to its critical role in the bioavailability of peptide-like drugs, such as the anti-cancer agents and anti-virus drug, PepT1 is increasingly becoming a striking prodrug-designing target. Therefore, the understanding of PepT1 gene regulation is of great importance both for dietary adaptation and for clinical drug treatment. After decades of research, it has been recognized that PepT1 could be regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by numerous factors. Therefore, the present review intends to summarize the progress made in the regulation of PepT1 and provide insights into the PepT1's potential in clinical aspects of nutritional and drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nv Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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31
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Characterization of zinc amino acid complexes for zinc delivery in vitro using Caco-2 cells and enterocytes from hiPSC. Biometals 2017; 30:643-661. [PMID: 28717982 PMCID: PMC5646115 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zn is essential for growth and development. The bioavailability of Zn is affected by several factors such as other food components. It is therefore of interest, to understand uptake mechanisms of Zn delivering compounds to identify ways to bypass the inhibitory effects of these factors. Here, we studied the effect of Zn amino acid conjugates (ZnAAs) on the bioavailabilty of Zn. We used Caco-2 cells and enterocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells from a control and Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) patient, and performed fluorescence based assays, protein biochemistry and atomic absorption spectrometry to characterize cellular uptake and absorption of ZnAAs. The results show that ZnAAs are taken up by AA transporters, leading to an intracellular enrichment of Zn mostly uninhibited by Zn uptake antagonists. Enterocytes from AE patients were unable to gain significant Zn through exposure to ZnCl2 but did not show differences with respect to ZnAAs. We conclude that ZnAAs may possess an advantage over classical Zn supplements such as Zn salts, as they may be able to increase bioavailability of Zn, and may be more efficient in patients with AE.
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Kabeya T, Matsumura W, Iwao T, Hosokawa M, Matsunaga T. Functional analysis of carboxylesterase in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived enterocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:143-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pfaender S, Sauer AK, Hagmeyer S, Mangus K, Linta L, Liebau S, Bockmann J, Huguet G, Bourgeron T, Boeckers TM, Grabrucker AM. Zinc deficiency and low enterocyte zinc transporter expression in human patients with autism related mutations in SHANK3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45190. [PMID: 28345660 PMCID: PMC5366950 DOI: 10.1038/srep45190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMDS) is a genetic disorder characterized by features of Autism spectrum disorders. Similar to reports of Zn deficiency in autistic children, we have previously reported high incidence of Zn deficiency in PMDS. However, the underlying mechanisms are currently not well understood. Here, using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry to measure the concentration of Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in hair samples from individuals with PMDS with 22q13.3 deletion including SHANK3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3), we report a high rate of abnormally low Zn/Cu ratios. To investigate possible underlying mechanisms, we generated enterocytes from PMDS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and used Caco-2 cells with knockdown of SHANK3. We detected decreased expression of Zn uptake transporters ZIP2 and ZIP4 on mRNA and protein level correlating with SHANK3 expression levels, and found reduced levels of ZIP4 protein co-localizing with SHANK3 at the plasma membrane. We demonstrated that especially ZIP4 exists in a complex with SHANK3. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry on gut sections from Shank3αβ knockout mice and confirmed a link between enterocytic SHANK3, ZIP2 and ZIP4. We conclude that apart from its well-known role in the CNS, SHANK3 might play a specific role in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pfaender
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann Katrin Sauer
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Dept., Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Hagmeyer
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Dept., Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Mangus
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Dept., Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Leonhard Linta
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juergen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3571: Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, 75013 Paris, France
- FondaMental Foundation, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Tobias M. Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Dept., Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Hosoya M, Czysz K. Translational Prospects and Challenges in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research in Drug Discovery. Cells 2016; 5:cells5040046. [PMID: 28009813 PMCID: PMC5187530 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous efforts to improve the process of drug discovery and development, achieving success at the clinical stage remains challenging because of a persistent translational gap between the preclinical and clinical settings. Under these circumstances, the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has brought new hope to the drug discovery field because they enable scientists to humanize a variety of pharmacological and toxicological models in vitro. The availability of human iPS cell-derived cells, particularly as an alternative for difficult-to-access tissues and organs, is increasing steadily; however, their use in the field of translational medicine remains challenging. Biomarkers are an essential part of the translational effort to shift new discoveries from bench to bedside as they provide a measurable indicator with which to evaluate pharmacological and toxicological effects in both the preclinical and clinical settings. In general, during the preclinical stage of the drug development process, in vitro models that are established to recapitulate human diseases are validated by using a set of biomarkers; however, their translatability to a clinical setting remains problematic. This review provides an overview of current strategies for human iPS cell-based drug discovery from the perspective of translational research, and discusses the importance of early consideration of clinically relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hosoya
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Katherine Czysz
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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Kodama N, Iwao T, Katano T, Ohta K, Yuasa H, Matsunaga T. Characteristic Analysis of Intestinal Transport in Enterocyte-Like Cells Differentiated from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:0. [PMID: 27417181 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.069336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that differentiated enterocytes from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells exhibited drug-metabolizing activities and cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 inducibility. The aim of this study was to apply human iPS cell-derived enterocytes in pharmacokinetic studies by investigating the characteristics of drug transport into enterocyte-like cells. Human iPS cells cultured on feeder cells were differentiated into endodermal cells using activin A. These endodermal-like cells were then differentiated into intestinal stem cells by fibroblast growth factor 2. Finally, epidermal growth factor and small-molecule compounds induced the maturation of the intestinal stem cell-like cells. After differentiation, we performed transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements, immunofluorescence staining, and transport studies. TEER values increased in a time-dependent manner and reached approximately 100 Ω × cm(2) Efflux transport of Hoechst 33342, a substrate of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), was observed and inhibited by the BCRP inhibitor Ko143. The uptake of peptide transporter 1 substrate glycylsarcosine was also confirmed and suppressed when the temperature was lowered to 4°C. Using immunofluorescence staining, villin and Na(+)-K(+) ATPase were expressed. These results suggest that human iPS cell-derived enterocytes had loose tight junctions, polarity, as well as uptake and efflux transport functions. In addition, the rank order of apparent membrane permeability coefficient (Papp) values of these test compounds across the enterocyte-like cell membrane corresponded to the fraction absorbance (Fa) values. Therefore, differentiated enterocytes from human iPS cells may provide a useful comprehensive evaluation model of drug transport and metabolism in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kodama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (N.K., T.I., T.M.), Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.K., K.O., H.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (N.K., T.I., T.M.), Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.K., K.O., H.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Katano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (N.K., T.I., T.M.), Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.K., K.O., H.Y.)
| | - Kinya Ohta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (N.K., T.I., T.M.), Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.K., K.O., H.Y.)
| | - Hiroaki Yuasa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (N.K., T.I., T.M.), Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.K., K.O., H.Y.)
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (N.K., T.I., T.M.), Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.K., K.O., H.Y.)
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36
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Kodama N, Iwao T, Kabeya T, Horikawa T, Niwa T, Kondo Y, Nakamura K, Matsunaga T. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, DNA methyltransferase, and transforming growth factor-β promotes differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into enterocytes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Modeling of drug-mediated CYP3A4 induction by using human iPS cell-derived enterocyte-like cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:631-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Ortega MT, Jeffery B, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Toxicological effects of pet food ingredients on canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and enterocyte-like cells. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:189-98. [PMID: 25976427 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed an in vitro method to assess pet food ingredients safety. Canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) were differentiated into enterocyte-like cells (ELC) to assess toxicity in cells representing similar patterns of exposure in vivo. The toxicological profile of clove leave oil, eugenol, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), GMP + inosine monophosphate, sorbose, ginger root extract, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamaldehyde, thyme oil, thymol and citric acid was assessed in BMSC and ELC. The LC50 for GMP + inosine monophosphate was 59.42 ± 0.90 and 56.7 ± 3.5 mg ml(-1) for BMSC and ELC; 56.84 ± 0.95 and 53.66 ± 1.36 mg ml(-1) for GMP; 0.02 ± 0.001 and 1.25 ± 0.47 mg ml(-1) for citric acid; 0.077 ± 0.002 and 0.037 ± 0.01 mg ml(-1) for cinnamaldehyde; 0.002 ± 0.0001 and 0.002 ± 0.0008 mg ml(-1) for thymol; 0.080 ± 0.003 and 0.059 ± 0.001 mg ml(-1) for thyme oil; 0.111 ± 0.002 and 0.054 ± 0.01 mg ml(-1) for cinnamon bark oil; 0.119 ± 0.0004 and 0.099 ± 0.011 mg ml(-1) for clove leave oil; 0.04 ± 0.001 and 0.028 ± 0.002 mg ml(-1) for eugenol; 2.80 ± 0.11 and 1.75 ± 0.51 mg ml(-1) for ginger root extract; > 200 and 116.78 ± 7.35 mg ml(-1) for sorbose. Lemon grass oil was evaluated at 0.003-0.9 in BMSC and .03-0.9 mg ml(-1) in ELC and its mechanistic effect was investigated. The gene toxicology studies showed regulation of 61% genes in CYP450 pathway, 37% in cholestasis and 33% in immunotoxicity pathways for BMSC. For ELC, 80% for heat shock response, 69% for beta-oxidation and 65% for mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, these studies provide a baseline against which differential toxicity of dietary feed ingredients can be assessed in vitro for direct effects on canine cells and demonstrate differential toxicity in differentiated cells that represent gastrointestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ortega
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - B Jeffery
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J E Riviere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - N A Monteiro-Riviere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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39
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Apáti Á, Szebényi K, Erdei Z, Várady G, Orbán TI, Sarkadi B. The importance of drug transporters in human pluripotent stem cells and in early tissue differentiation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 12:77-92. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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Ozawa T, Takayama K, Okamoto R, Negoro R, Sakurai F, Tachibana M, Kawabata K, Mizuguchi H. Generation of enterocyte-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells for drug absorption and metabolism studies in human small intestine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16479. [PMID: 26559489 PMCID: PMC4642303 DOI: 10.1038/srep16479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytes play an important role in drug absorption and metabolism. However, a widely used enterocyte model, Caco-2 cell, has difficulty in evaluating both drug absorption and metabolism because the expression levels of some drug absorption and metabolism-related genes in these cells differ largely from those of human enterocytes. Therefore, we decided to generate the enterocyte-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (hiPS-ELCs), which are applicable to drug absorption and metabolism studies. The efficiency of enterocyte differentiation from human iPS cells was significantly improved by using EGF, SB431542, and Wnt3A, and extending the differentiation period. The gene expression levels of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and peptide transporter 1 in the hiPS-ELCs were higher than those in Caco-2 cells. In addition, CYP3A4 expression in the hiPS-ELCs was induced by treatment with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or rifampicin, which are known to induce CYP3A4 expression, indicating that the hiPS-ELCs have CYP3A4 induction potency. Moreover, the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) value of the hiPS-ELC monolayer was approximately 240 Ω*cm2, suggesting that the hiPS-ELC monolayer could form a barrier. In conclusion, we succeeded in establishing an enterocyte model from human iPS cells which have potential to be applied for drug absorption and metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ozawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,iPS Cell-based Research Project on Hepatic Toxicity and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Okamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Negoro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Regulatory Sciences for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics, Clinical Drug Development Project, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,iPS Cell-based Research Project on Hepatic Toxicity and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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41
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Tamminen K, Balboa D, Toivonen S, Pakarinen MP, Wiener Z, Alitalo K, Otonkoski T. Intestinal Commitment and Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Is Independent of Exogenous FGF4 and R-spondin1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134551. [PMID: 26230325 PMCID: PMC4521699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays a central role in guiding the differentiation of the posterior parts of the primitive gut tube into intestinal structures in vivo and some studies suggest that FGF4 is another crucial factor for intestinal development. The aim of this study was to define the effects of Wnt and FGF4 on intestinal commitment in vitro by establishing conditions for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) into posterior endoderm (hindgut) and further to self-renewing intestinal-like organoids. The most prominent induction of the well-established intestinal marker gene CDX2 was achieved when hPSC-derived definitive endoderm cells were treated with Wnt agonist molecule CHIR99021 during differentiation to hindgut. FGF4 was found to be dispensable during intestinal commitment, but it had an early role in repressing development towards the hepatic lineage. When hindgut stage cells were further cultured in 3D, they formed self-renewing organoid structures containing all major intestinal cell types even without exogenous R-spondin1 (RSPO1), a crucial factor for the culture of epithelial organoids derived from adult intestine. This may be explained by the presence of a mesenchymal compartment in the hPSC-derived organoids. Addition of WNT3A increased the expression of the Paneth cell marker Lysozyme in hPSC-derived organoid cultures, whereas FGF4 inhibited both the formation and maturation of intestinal-like organoids. Similar hindgut and organoid cultures were established from human induced pluripotent stem cells, implying that this approach can be used to create patient-specific intestinal tissue models for disease modeling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Tamminen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Balboa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Toivonen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko P. Pakarinen
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zoltan Wiener
- Translational Cancer Biology Program and Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Biology Program and Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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42
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Iwao T, Kodama N, Kondo Y, Kabeya T, Nakamura K, Horikawa T, Niwa T, Kurose K, Matsunaga T. Generation of enterocyte-like cells with pharmacokinetic functions from human induced pluripotent stem cells using small-molecule compounds. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:603-10. [PMID: 25650381 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.062604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays an important role in all aspects of pharmacokinetics, but there is no system for the comprehensive evaluation of small-intestinal pharmacokinetics, including drug metabolism and absorption. In this study, we aimed to construct an intestinal pharmacokinetics evaluation system and to generate pharmacokinetically functional enterocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Using activin A and fibroblast growth factor 2, we differentiated these stem cells into intestinal stem cell-like cells, and the resulting cells were differentiated into enterocytes in a medium containing epidermal growth factor and small-molecule compounds. The differentiated cells expressed intestinal marker genes and drug transporters. The expression of sucrase-isomaltase, an intestine-specific marker, was markedly increased by small-molecule compounds. The cells exhibited activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes expressed in enterocytes, including CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, UGT, and sulfotransferase. Fluorescence-labeled dipeptide uptake into the cells was observed and was inhibited by ibuprofen, an inhibitor of the intestinal oligopeptide transporter solute carrier 15A1/PEPT1. CYP3A4 mRNA expression level was increased by these compounds and induced by the addition of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. CYP3A4/5 activity was also induced by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cells differentiated in the presence of the compounds. All these results show that we have generated enterocyte-like cells that have pharmacokinetic functions, and we have identified small-molecule compounds that are effective for promoting intestinal differentiation and the gain of pharmacokinetic functions. Our enterocyte-like cells would be useful material for developing a novel evaluation system to predict human intestinal pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Nao Kodama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Tomoki Kabeya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Takashi Horikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Takuro Niwa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Kouichi Kurose
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
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43
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Takenaka T, Harada N, Kuze J, Chiba M, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Human small intestinal epithelial cells differentiated from adult intestinal stem cells as a novel system for predicting oral drug absorption in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1947-54. [PMID: 25200868 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) possess both a long-term proliferation ability and differentiation capability into enterocytes. As a novel in vitro system for the evaluation of drug absorption, we characterized a human small intestinal epithelial cell (HIEC) monolayer that differentiated from adult ISCs. Continuous proliferation/differentiation from ISCs consistently conferred the capability of maturation of enterocytes to HIECs over 25 passages. The morphologically matured HIEC monolayer consisted of polarized columnar epithelia with dense microvilli, tight junctions, and desmosomes 8 days after seeding onto culture inserts. Transepithelial electrical resistance across the monolayer was 9-fold lower in HIECs (98.9 Ω × cm(2)) than in Caco-2 cells (900 Ω × cm(2)), which indicated that the looseness of the tight junctions in the HIEC monolayer was similar to that in the human small intestine (approximately 40 Ω × cm(2)). No significant differences were observed in the overall gene expression patterns of the major drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters between the HIEC and Caco-2 cell monolayers. Furthermore, the functions of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in the HIEC monolayer were confirmed by the vectorial transport of marker substrates and their disappearance in the presence of specific inhibitors. The apparent drug permeability values of paracellularly transported compounds (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4000, atenolol, and terbutaline) and nucleoside transporter substrates (didanosine, ribavirin, and doxifluridine) in the HIEC monolayer were markedly higher than those of Caco-2 cells, whereas transcellularly transported drugs (pindolol and midazolam) were equally well permeated. In conclusion, the HIEC monolayer can serve as a novel and superior alternative to the conventional Caco-2 cell monolayer for predicting oral absorption in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takenaka
- Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (T.T., J.K., M.C.), and Evaluation Research Laboratory (N.H.), Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.M.)
| | - Naomoto Harada
- Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (T.T., J.K., M.C.), and Evaluation Research Laboratory (N.H.), Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.M.)
| | - Jiro Kuze
- Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (T.T., J.K., M.C.), and Evaluation Research Laboratory (N.H.), Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.M.)
| | - Masato Chiba
- Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (T.T., J.K., M.C.), and Evaluation Research Laboratory (N.H.), Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.M.)
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (T.T., J.K., M.C.), and Evaluation Research Laboratory (N.H.), Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.M.)
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (T.T., J.K., M.C.), and Evaluation Research Laboratory (N.H.), Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.M.).
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44
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid promotes the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104010. [PMID: 25084468 PMCID: PMC4119015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanism of action of valproic acid on hepatic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells. Human induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated into endodermal cells in the presence of activin A and then into hepatic progenitor cells using dimethyl sulfoxide. Hepatic progenitor cells were matured in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor, oncostatin M, and dexamethasone with valproic acid that was added during the maturation process. After 25 days of differentiation, cells expressed hepatic marker genes and drug-metabolizing enzymes and exhibited drug-metabolizing enzyme activities. These expression levels and activities were increased by treatment with valproic acid, the timing and duration of which were important parameters to promote differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells into hepatocytes. Valproic acid inhibited histone deacetylase activity during differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells, and other histone deacetylase inhibitors also enhanced differentiation into hepatocytes. In conclusion, histone deacetylase inhibitors such as valproic acid can be used to promote hepatic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells.
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45
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Kondo Y, Yoshihashi S, Mimori K, Ogihara R, Kanehama Y, Maki Y, Enosawa S, Kurose K, Iwao T, Nakamura K, Matsunaga T. Selective culture method for hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 29:407-13. [PMID: 24785642 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-14-rg-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish culture conditions which are able to give the differentiation of induced pluripotent (iPS) cells to hepatocytes. To this end, we examined the usefulness of a culture medium containing the components involved in the intermediary metabolism in the liver. More specifically, we examined the effect of the "modified L-15 medium" containing galactose, phenylalanine and ornitine, but deprived of glucose, tyrosine, arginine and pyruvic acid. The medium was altered according to changes in the expression of enzymes that participate in liver-specific pathways. After 25 days of differentiation, the differentiated cells expressed hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes. These expression levels were increased using modified L-15 medium. The survival of human fetal liver cells and the death of human fibroblasts were observed during culture in modified L-15 medium. Most of the cells that differentiated from human iPS cells using modified L-15 medium were stained by anti-human albumin antibody. These results suggest that iPS cells can be converted to high purity-differentiated hepatocytes by cultivating them in modified L-15 medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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46
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Kottra G, Spanier B, Verri T, Daniel H. Peptide transporter isoforms are discriminated by the fluorophore-conjugated dipeptides β-Ala- and d-Ala-Lys-N-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00165. [PMID: 24744852 PMCID: PMC3970736 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide transporters of the SLC15 family are classified by structure and function into PEPT1 (low‐affinity/high‐capacity) and PEPT2 (high‐affinity/low‐capacity) isoforms. Despite the differences in kinetics, both transporter isoforms are reckoned to transport essentially all possible di‐ and tripeptides. We here report that the fluorophore‐conjugated dipeptide derivatives β‐Ala‐Lys‐N‐7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin‐3‐acetic acid (β‐AK‐AMCA) and d‐Ala‐Lys‐N‐7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin‐3‐acetic acid (d‐AK‐AMCA) are transported by distinct PEPT isoforms in a species‐specific manner. Transport of the fluorophore peptides was studied (1) in vitro after heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes of PEPT1 and PEPT2 isoforms from different vertebrate species and of PEPT1 and PEPT2 transporters from Caenorhabditis elegans by using electrophysiological and fluorescence methods and (2) in vivo in C. elegans by using fluorescence methods. Our results indicate that both substrates are transported by the vertebrate “renal‐type” and the C. elegans “intestinal‐type” peptide transporter only. A systematic analysis among species finds four predicted amino acid residues along the sequence that may account for the substrate uptake differences observed between the vertebrate PEPT1/nematode PEPT2 and the vertebrate PEPT2/nematode PEPT1 subtype. This selectivity on basis of isoforms and species may be helpful in better defining the structure–function determinants of the proteins of the SLC15 family. Peptide transporters of the SLC15 family can be classified by structure and function into the PEPT1 (low‐affinity/high‐capacity) and PEPT2 (high‐affinity/low‐capacity) phenotype. We found that the fluorophore‐conjugated dipeptide derivatives β‐Ala‐Lys‐N‐7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin‐3‐acetic acid (β‐AK‐AMCA) and d‐Ala‐Lys‐N‐7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin‐3‐acetic acid (d‐AK‐AMCA) are transported only by distinct PEPT isoforms in a species‐specific manner. This selectivity on basis of isoforms and species should be helpful in further defining the substrate‐binding domain of peptide transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Kottra
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Abteilung Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, Freising, D-85350, Germany
| | - Britta Spanier
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Abteilung Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, Freising, D-85350, Germany
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, I-73100, Italy
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Abteilung Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, Freising, D-85350, Germany
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