1
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Habibey R. Incubator-independent perfusion system integrated with microfluidic device for continuous electrophysiology and microscopy readouts. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36652708 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Advances in primary and stem cell derived neuronal cell culture techniques and abundance of available neuronal cell types have enabledin vitroneuroscience as a substantial approach to modelin vivoneuronal networks. Survival of the cultured neurons is inevitably dependent on the cell culture incubators to provide stable temperature and humidity and to supply required CO2levels for controlling the pH of culture medium. Therefore, imaging and electrophysiology recordings outside of the incubator are often limited to the short-term experimental sessions. This restricts our understanding of physiological events to the short snapshots of recorded data while the major part of temporal data is neglected. Multiple custom-made and commercially available platforms like integrated on-stage incubators have been designed to enable long-term microscopy. Nevertheless, long-term high-spatiotemporal electrophysiology recordings from developing neuronal networks needs to be addressed. In the present work an incubator-independent polydimethylsiloxane-based double-wall perfusion chamber was designed and integrated with multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) electrophysiology and compartmentalized microfluidic device to continuously record from engineered neuronal networks at sub-cellular resolution. Cell culture media underwent iterations of conditioning to the ambient CO2and adjusting its pH to physiological ranges to retain a stable pH for weeks outside of the incubator. Double-wall perfusion chamber and an integrated air bubble trapper reduced media evaporation and osmolality drifts of the conditioned media for two weeks. Aligned microchannel-microfluidic device on MEA electrodes allowed neurite growth on top of the planar electrodes and amplified their extracellular activity. This enabled continuous sub-cellular resolution imaging and electrophysiology recordings from developing networks and their growing neurites. The on-chip versatile and self-contained system provides long-term, continuous and high spatiotemporal access to the network data and offers a robustin vitroplatform with many potentials to be applied on advanced cell culture systems including organ-on-chip and organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.,CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Chamani F, Barnett I, Pyle M, Shrestha T, Prakash P. A Review of In Vitro Instrumentation Platforms for Evaluating Thermal Therapies in Experimental Cell Culture Models. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 50:39-67. [PMID: 36374822 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2022043455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermal therapies, the modulation of tissue temperature for therapeutic benefit, are in clinical use as adjuvant or stand-alone therapeutic modalities for a range of indications, and are under investigation for others. During delivery of thermal therapy in the clinic and in experimental settings, monitoring and control of spatio-temporal thermal profiles contributes to an increased likelihood of inducing desired bioeffects. In vitro thermal dosimetry studies have provided a strong basis for characterizing biological responses of cells to heat. To perform an accurate in vitro thermal analysis, a sample needs to be subjected to uniform heating, ideally raised from, and returned to, baseline immediately, for a known heating duration under ideal isothermal condition. This review presents an applications-based overview of in vitro heating instrumentation platforms. A variety of different approaches are surveyed, including external heating sources (i.e., CO2 incubators, circulating water baths, microheaters and microfluidic devices), microwave dielectric heating, lasers or the use of sound waves. We discuss critical heating parameters including temperature ramp rate (heat-up phase period), heating accuracy, complexity, peak temperature, and technical limitations of each heating modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Chamani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - India Barnett
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Marla Pyle
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Tej Shrestha
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Punit Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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3
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Andersson M, Johansson S, Bergman H, Xiao L, Behrendt L, Tenje M. A microscopy-compatible temperature regulation system for single-cell phenotype analysis - demonstrated by thermoresponse mapping of microalgae. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1694-1705. [PMID: 33949404 PMCID: PMC8095708 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a programmable heat-stage compatible with in situ microscopy for the accurate provision of spatiotemporally defined temperatures to different microfluidic devices. The heat-stage comprises an array of integrated thin-film Joule heaters and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). External programming of the heat-stage is provided by a custom software program connected to temperature controllers and heater-sensor pairs. Biologically relevant (20-40 °C) temperature profiles can be supplied to cells within microfluidic devices as spatial gradients (0.5-1.5 °C mm-1) or in a time-varying approach via e.g. step-wise or sinusoidally varying profiles with negligible temperature over-shoot. Demonstration of the device is achieved by exposing two strains of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium to different temperature profiles while monitoring their single-cell photophysiology via chlorophyll fluorometry. This revealed that photophysiological responses to temperature depended on the exposure duration, exposure magnitude and strain background. Moreover, thermal dose analysis suggested that cell acclimatisation occurs under longer temperature (6 h) exposures but not under shorter temperature exposures (15 min). As the thermal sensitivity of Symbiodinium mediates the thermal tolerance in corals, our versatile technology now provides unique possibilities to research this interdependency at single cell resolution. Our results also show the potential of this heat-stage for further applications in fields such as biotechnology and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersson
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Bergman
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Linhong Xiao
- Dept. Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Dept. Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Tenje
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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Kohl Y, Biehl M, Spring S, Hesler M, Ogourtsov V, Todorovic M, Owen J, Elje E, Kopecka K, Moriones OH, Bastús NG, Simon P, Dubaj T, Rundén-Pran E, Puntes V, William N, von Briesen H, Wagner S, Kapur N, Mariussen E, Nelson A, Gabelova A, Dusinska M, Velten T, Knoll T. Microfluidic In Vitro Platform for (Nano)Safety and (Nano)Drug Efficiency Screening. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006012. [PMID: 33458959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology is a valuable tool for realizing more in vitro models capturing cellular and organ level responses for rapid and animal-free risk assessment of new chemicals and drugs. Microfluidic cell-based devices allow high-throughput screening and flexible automation while lowering costs and reagent consumption due to their miniaturization. There is a growing need for faster and animal-free approaches for drug development and safety assessment of chemicals (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical Substances, REACH). The work presented describes a microfluidic platform for in vivo-like in vitro cell cultivation. It is equipped with a wafer-based silicon chip including integrated electrodes and a microcavity. A proof-of-concept using different relevant cell models shows its suitability for label-free assessment of cytotoxic effects. A miniaturized microscope within each module monitors cell morphology and proliferation. Electrodes integrated in the microfluidic channels allow the noninvasive monitoring of barrier integrity followed by a label-free assessment of cytotoxic effects. Each microfluidic cell cultivation module can be operated individually or be interconnected in a flexible way. The interconnection of the different modules aims at simulation of the whole-body exposure and response and can contribute to the replacement of animal testing in risk assessment studies in compliance with the 3Rs to replace, reduce, and refine animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Margit Biehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Sarah Spring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Michelle Hesler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Vladimir Ogourtsov
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Miomir Todorovic
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Joshua Owen
- Institute of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Elisabeth Elje
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Oslo, 0372, Norway
| | - Kristina Kopecka
- Department of Nanobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 84505, Slovakia
| | - Oscar Hernando Moriones
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus G Bastús
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Simon
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology SUT, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Dubaj
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology SUT, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Victor Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Nicola William
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Nikil Kapur
- Institute of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Espen Mariussen
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Andrew Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alena Gabelova
- Department of Nanobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 84505, Slovakia
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Thomas Velten
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Thorsten Knoll
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
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5
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Zhang F, Zhang R, Wei M, Zhang Y. A novel method of cell culture based on the microfluidic chip for regulation of cell density. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:852-862. [PMID: 33124683 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cell density is an important segment in microfluidic cell culture, particularly in the repeated assays. Traditionally, consistent cell density is difficult to achieve, owing to the inaccurate regulation of cell density with manual feedback. A novel cell culture method with automatic feedback is proposed for real-time regulation of cell density based on microfluidic chip in this paper. Here, an integrated microfluidic system combining cell culture, density detection, and control of proliferation rate was developed. Interdigital electrode structures were sputtered on the microchannel automatically to provide the real-time feedback information of impedance. The most sensitive frequency was studied to improve the detection resolution of the sensing chip. Cells were cultured on the chip surface and cell density was detected by monitoring the alternation of the impedance. The feedback controller was established by the least squares support vector machines. Then, the cell proliferation rate was automatically controlled using the feedback controller to achieve the desired cell density in the repeated assays. The results show that the standard error of this method is 2.8% indicating that the method can keep a consistency of cell density in the repeated assays. This study provides a basis for improving the accuracy and repeatability in the further assays of finding the optimal drug concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongbiao Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingji Wei
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yecheng Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Li Y, Li H, Huang J, Fang C, Liu M, Huang C, Zeng G. High-precision temperature sensor based on weak measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:21455-21462. [PMID: 31510223 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.021455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-precision temperature sensor is demonstrated based on weak measurement using spectrum domain analysis. By introducing an extra phase to the postselection, the operating temperature range and temperature precision can be conveniently modulated. Spectral shifts resulted from temperature variation are robust to practical imperfections. The precision of 2.4 × 10-6°C can be achieved by a currently available spectrometer. The maximum operating range is associated with the nematic temperature range of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) sample. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of 16.16 nm/°C is obtained experimentally in different linear operating intervals.
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7
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Wu FB, Yang YY, Wang XB, Wang Z, Zhang WW, Liu ZY, Qian YQ. A sample processing method for immunoassay of whole blood tacrolimus. Anal Biochem 2019; 576:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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8
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Mäki AJ, Verho J, Kreutzer J, Ryynänen T, Rajan D, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Ahola A, Hyttinen J, Aalto-Setälä K, Lekkala J, Kallio P. A Portable Microscale Cell Culture System with Indirect Temperature Control. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:566-579. [PMID: 29723086 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318768710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A physiologically relevant environment is essential for successful long-term cell culturing in vitro. Precise control of temperature, one of the most crucial environmental parameters in cell cultures, increases the fidelity and repeatability of the experiments. Unfortunately, direct temperature measurement can interfere with the cultures or prevent imaging of the cells. Furthermore, the assessment of dynamic temperature variations in the cell culture area is challenging with the methods traditionally used for measuring temperature in cell culture systems. To overcome these challenges, we integrated a microscale cell culture environment together with live-cell imaging and a precise local temperature control that is based on an indirect measurement. The control method uses a remote temperature measurement and a mathematical model for estimating temperature at the desired area. The system maintained the temperature at 37±0.3 °C for more than 4 days. We also showed that the system precisely controls the culture temperature during temperature transients and compensates for the disturbance when changing the cell cultivation medium, and presented the portability of the heating system. Finally, we demonstrated a successful long-term culturing of human induced stem cell-derived beating cardiomyocytes, and analyzed their beating rates at different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti-Juhana Mäki
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jarmo Verho
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joose Kreutzer
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Ryynänen
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dhanesh Rajan
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Pekkanen-Mattila
- 2 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ahola
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- 2 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,3 Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Lekkala
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi Kallio
- 1 BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
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9
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Buhler H, Adamietz R, Abeln T, Diaz-Carballo D, Nguemgo-Kouam P, Hero T, Adamietz IA. Automated Multichamber Time-lapse Videography for Long-term In Vivo Observation of Migrating Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:329-334. [PMID: 28438859 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM To observe and document the migration of living cells by time-lapse videography, we constructed a low-budget system based on a common inverted microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Long-term observation of six-well plates is enabled through maintenance of cell culture conditions (5% CO2 in air at 37°C). Points of interest can be revisited in definable intervals with <1 μm repositioning error. Digital photographs from each programmed time point are paired with environmental data and combined into a record. RESULTS We used this new chamber to observe the migration of various cell lines. The design represents a good compromise between low cost and good precision. Detailed analyses verified that the environmental conditions were appropriately maintained, enabling long-term observation of viable cells. The stimulating influence of irradiation with photons (radiotherapy) on cellular motility of glioblastoma cells is presented. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that useful videographic systems can be constructed at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Buhler
- Institute for Molecular Oncology, Radiobiology and Experimental Radiotherapy, Marien Hospital Herne, Medical Center Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Raphael Adamietz
- Institute for Molecular Oncology, Radiobiology and Experimental Radiotherapy, Marien Hospital Herne, Medical Center Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Theresa Abeln
- Institute for Molecular Oncology, Radiobiology and Experimental Radiotherapy, Marien Hospital Herne, Medical Center Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - David Diaz-Carballo
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascaline Nguemgo-Kouam
- Institute for Molecular Oncology, Radiobiology and Experimental Radiotherapy, Marien Hospital Herne, Medical Center Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Thomas Hero
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, Medical Center Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Irenaus A Adamietz
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, Medical Center Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Kirk TV, Marques MPC, Radhakrishnan ANP, Szita N. Quantification of the oxygen uptake rate in a dissolved oxygen controlled oscillating jet-driven microbioreactor. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2016; 91:823-831. [PMID: 27478291 PMCID: PMC4950047 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbioreactors have emerged as a new tool for early bioprocess development. The technology has advanced rapidly in the last decade and obtaining real-time quantitative data of process variables is nowadays state of the art. In addition, control over process variables has also been achieved. The aim of this study was to build a microbioreactor capable of controlling dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and to determine oxygen uptake rate in real time. RESULTS An oscillating jet driven, membrane-aerated microbioreactor was developed without comprising any moving parts. Mixing times of ∼7 s, and kLa values of ∼170 h-1 were achieved. DO control was achieved by varying the duty cycle of a solenoid microvalve, which changed the gas mixture in the reactor incubator chamber. The microbioreactor supported Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth over 30 h and cell densities of 6.7 gdcw L-1. Oxygen uptake rates of ∼34 mmol L-1 h-1 were achieved. CONCLUSION The results highlight the potential of DO-controlled microbioreactors to obtain real-time information on oxygen uptake rate, and by extension on cellular metabolism for a variety of cell types over a broad range of processing conditions. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Kirk
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUK
| | - Marco PC Marques
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUK
| | | | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUK
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11
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Saalfrank D, Konduri AK, Latifi S, Habibey R, Golabchi A, Martiniuc AV, Knoll A, Ingebrandt S, Blau A. Incubator-independent cell-culture perfusion platform for continuous long-term microelectrode array electrophysiology and time-lapse imaging. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150031. [PMID: 26543581 PMCID: PMC4632545 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most in vitro electrophysiology studies extract information and draw conclusions from representative, temporally limited snapshot experiments. This approach bears the risk of missing decisive moments that may make a difference in our understanding of physiological events. This feasibility study presents a simple benchtop cell-culture perfusion system adapted to commercial microelectrode arrays (MEAs), multichannel electrophysiology equipment and common inverted microscopy stages for simultaneous and uninterrupted extracellular electrophysiology and time-lapse imaging at ambient CO2 levels. The concept relies on a transparent, replica-casted polydimethylsiloxane perfusion cap, gravity- or syringe-pump-driven perfusion and preconditioning of pH-buffered serum-free cell-culture medium to ambient CO2 levels at physiological temperatures. The low-cost microfluidic in vitro enabling platform, which allows us to image cultures immediately after cell plating, is easy to reproduce and is adaptable to the geometries of different cell-culture containers. It permits the continuous and simultaneous multimodal long-term acquisition or manipulation of optical and electrophysiological parameter sets, thereby considerably widening the range of experimental possibilities. Two exemplary proof-of-concept long-term MEA studies on hippocampal networks illustrate system performance. Continuous extracellular recordings over a period of up to 70 days revealed details on both sudden and gradual neural activity changes in maturing cell ensembles with large intra-day fluctuations. Correlated time-lapse imaging unveiled rather static macroscopic network architectures with previously unreported local morphological oscillations on the timescale of minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Saalfrank
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastraße 1, Zweibrücken 66482, Germany
| | - Anil Krishna Konduri
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Shahrzad Latifi
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Rouhollah Habibey
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Asiyeh Golabchi
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Aurel Vasile Martiniuc
- Computer Science Department VI, Technical University Munich (TUM), Boltzmannstraße 3, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Alois Knoll
- Computer Science Department VI, Technical University Munich (TUM), Boltzmannstraße 3, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastraße 1, Zweibrücken 66482, Germany
| | - Axel Blau
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
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12
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Sharma J, Zhang X, Sarker T, Yan X, Washburn L, Qu H, Guo Z, Kucknoor A, Wei S. Biocompatible electrospun tactic poly(methyl methacrylate) blend fibers. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Meucci S, Travagliati M, Vittorio O, Cirillo G, Masini L, Voliani V, Picci N, Beltram F, Tredicucci A, Cecchini M. Tubeless biochip for chemical stimulation of cells in closed-bioreactors: anti-cancer activity of the catechin–dextran conjugate. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we introduce a tubeless microbioreactor for chemically stimulation of cells in microchambers, based on automatic cell valving, hydrostatic-pressure pumping and on-chip liquid reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Meucci
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Marco Travagliati
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden
| | - Luca Masini
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Valerio Voliani
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | | | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
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14
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Reichen M, Veraitch FS, Szita N. Development of a multiplexed microfluidic platform for the automated cultivation of embryonic stem cells. JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AUTOMATION 2013; 18:519-29. [PMID: 23970473 PMCID: PMC4107755 DOI: 10.1177/2211068213499917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a multiplexed platform for a microfabricated stem cell culture device. The modular platform contains all the components to control stem cell culture conditions in an automated fashion. It does not require an incubator during perfusion culture and can be mounted on the stage of an inverted fluorescence microscope for high-frequency imaging of stem cell cultures. A pressure-driven pump provides control over the medium flow rate and offers switching of the flow rates. Flow rates of the pump are characterized for different pressure settings, and a linear correlation between the applied pressure and the flow rate in the cell culture devices is shown. In addition, the pump operates with two culture medium reservoirs, thus enabling the switching of the culture medium on-the-fly during a cell culture experiment. Also, with our platform, the culture medium reservoirs are cooled to prevent medium degradation during long-term experiments. Media temperature is then adjusted to a higher controlled temperature before entering the microfabricated cell culture device. Furthermore, the temperature is regulated in the microfabricated culture devices themselves. Preliminary culture experiments are demonstrated using mouse embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Reichen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London,
UK
- Current affiliation: Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London,
UK
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15
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Recent Progress in Lab-on-a-Chip Technology and Its Potential Application to Clinical Diagnoses. Int Neurourol J 2013; 17:2-10. [PMID: 23610705 PMCID: PMC3627994 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the construction of the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system, a state-of-the-art technology that uses polymer materials (i.e., poly[dimethylsiloxane]) for the miniaturization of conventional laboratory apparatuses, and show the potential use of these microfluidic devices in clinical applications. In particular, we introduce the independent unit components of the LOC system and demonstrate how each component can be functionally integrated into one monolithic system for the realization of a LOC system. In specific, we demonstrate microscale polymerase chain reaction with the use of a single heater, a microscale sample injection device with a disposable plastic syringe and a strategy for device assembly under environmentally mild conditions assisted by surface modification techniques. In this way, we endeavor to construct a totally integrated, disposable microfluidic system operated by a single mode, the pressure, which can be applied on-site with enhanced device portability and disposability and with simple and rapid operation for medical and clinical diagnoses, potentially extending its application to urodynamic studies in molecular level.
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16
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Reichen M, Macown RJ, Jaccard N, Super A, Ruban L, Griffin LD, Veraitch FS, Szita N. Microfabricated modular scale-down device for regenerative medicine process development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52246. [PMID: 23284952 PMCID: PMC3526573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of milli and micro litre bioreactors to accelerate process development has been successfully demonstrated in traditional biotechnology. However, for regenerative medicine present smaller scale culture methods cannot cope with the wide range of processing variables that need to be evaluated. Existing microfabricated culture devices, which could test different culture variables with a minimum amount of resources (e.g. expensive culture medium), are typically not designed with process development in mind. We present a novel, autoclavable, and microfabricated scale-down device designed for regenerative medicine process development. The microfabricated device contains a re-sealable culture chamber that facilitates use of standard culture protocols, creating a link with traditional small-scale culture devices for validation and scale-up studies. Further, the modular design can easily accommodate investigation of different culture substrate/extra-cellular matrix combinations. Inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEF) and human embryonic stem cell (hESC) colonies were successfully seeded on gelatine-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TC-PS) using standard static seeding protocols. The microfluidic chip included in the device offers precise and accurate control over the culture medium flow rate and resulting shear stresses in the device. Cells were cultured for two days with media perfused at 300 µl.h−1 resulting in a modelled shear stress of 1.1×10−4 Pa. Following perfusion, hESC colonies stained positively for different pluripotency markers and retained an undifferentiated morphology. An image processing algorithm was developed which permits quantification of co-cultured colony-forming cells from phase contrast microscope images. hESC colony sizes were quantified against the background of the feeder cells (iMEF) in less than 45 seconds for high-resolution images, which will permit real-time monitoring of culture progress in future experiments. The presented device is a first step to harness the advantages of microfluidics for regenerative medicine process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Reichen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys J. Macown
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Jaccard
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Super
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludmila Ruban
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis D. Griffin
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farlan S. Veraitch
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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17
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Miniaturized mass-spectrometry-based analysis system for fully automated examination of conditioned cell culture media. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2012; 2012:290457. [PMID: 23091722 PMCID: PMC3471440 DOI: 10.1155/2012/290457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a fully automated setup for performing in-line mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of
conditioned media in cell cultures, in particular focusing on the peptides therein. The goal is to
assess peptides secreted by cells in different culture conditions. The developed system is
compatible with MS as analytical technique, as this is one of the most powerful analysis methods
for peptide detection and identification. Proof of concept was achieved using the well-known
mating-factor signaling in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our concept system holds 1
mL of cell culture medium and allows maintaining a yeast culture for, at least, 40 hours with
continuous supernatant extraction (and medium replenishing). The device's small dimensions
result in reduced costs for reagents and open perspectives towards full integration on-chip.
Experimental data that can be obtained are time-resolved peptide profiles in a yeast culture,
including information about the appearance of mating-factor-related peptides. We emphasize that
the system operates without any manual intervention or pipetting steps, which allows for an
improved overall sensitivity compared to non-automated alternatives. MS data confirmed
previously reported aspects of the physiology of the yeast-mating process. Moreover, matingfactor
breakdown products (as well as evidence for a potentially responsible protease) were
found.
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18
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Demming S, Peterat G, Llobera A, Schmolke H, Bruns A, Kohlstedt M, Al-Halhouli A, Klages CP, Krull R, Büttgenbach S. Vertical microbubble column-A photonic lab-on-chip for cultivation and online analysis of yeast cell cultures. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:34106. [PMID: 23882299 PMCID: PMC3416849 DOI: 10.1063/1.4738587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a vertically positioned microfluidic system made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and glass, which can be applied as a microbubble column (μBC) for biotechnological screening in suspension. In this μBC, microbubbles are produced in a cultivation chamber through an integrated nozzle structure. Thus, homogeneous suspension of biomass is achieved in the cultivation chamber without requiring additional mixing elements. Moreover, blockage due to produced carbon dioxide by the microorganisms-a problem predominant in common, horizontally positioned microbioreactors (MBRs)-is avoided, as the gas bubbles are released by buoyancy at the upper part of the microsystem. The patterned PDMS layer is based on an optimized two-lithographic process. Since the naturally hydrophobic PDMS causes problems for the sufficient production of microbubbles, a method based on polyelectrolyte multilayers is applied in order to allow continuous hydrophilization of the already bonded PDMS-glass-system. The μBC comprises various microelements, including stabilization of temperature, control of continuous bubble formation, and two optical configurations for measurement of optical density with two different sensitivities. In addition, the simple and robust application and handling of the μBC is achieved via a custom-made modular plug-in adapter. To validate the scalability from laboratory scale to microscale, and thus to demonstrate the successful application of the μBC as a screening instrument, a batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is performed in the μBC and compared to shake flask cultivation. Monitoring of the biomass growth in the μBC with the integrated online analytics resulted in a specific growth rate of 0.32 h(-1), which is almost identical to the one achieved in the shake flask cultivation (0.31 h(-1)). Therefore, the validity of the μBC as an alternative screening tool compared to other conventional laboratory scale systems in bioprocess development is proven. In addition, vertically positioned microbioreactors show high potential in comparison to conventional screening tools, since they allow for high density of integrated online analytics and therefore minimize time and cost for screening and guarantee improved control and analysis of cultivation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Demming
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Hofmann U, Michaelis S, Winckler T, Wegener J, Feller KH. A whole-cell biosensor as in vitro alternative to skin irritation tests. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 39:156-62. [PMID: 22917920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the time-resolved detection of chemically induced stress upon intracellular signaling cascades by using genetically modified sensor cells based on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. The cells were stably transfected with a HSP72-GFP reporter gene construct to create an optical sensor cell line expressing a stress-inducible reporter protein. The time- and dose-dependent performance of the sensor cells is demonstrated and discussed in comparison to a label-free impedimetric monitoring approach (electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, ECIS). Moreover, a microfluidic platform was established based on μSlidesI(0,4)Luer to allow for a convenient, sterile and incubator-independent time-lapse microscopic observation of the sensor cells. Cell growth was successfully achieved in this microfluidic setup and the cellular response to a cytotoxic substance could be followed in real-time and in a non-invasive, sensitive manner. This study paves the way for the development of micro-total analysis systems that combine optical and impedimetric readouts to enable an overall quantitative characterization of changes in cell metabolism and morphology as a response to toxin exposure. By recording multiple parameters, a detailed discrimination between competing stress- or growth-related mechanisms is possible, thereby presenting an entirely new in vitro alternative to skin irritation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Hofmann
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
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20
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A self-contained, programmable microfluidic cell culture system with real-time microscopy access. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:385-99. [PMID: 22160447 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing microfluidics is a promising way for increasing the throughput and automation of cell biology research. We present a complete self-contained system for automated cell culture and experiments with real-time optical read-out. The system offers a high degree of user-friendliness, stability due to simple construction principles and compactness for integration with standard instruments. Furthermore, the self-contained system is highly portable enabling transfer between work stations such as laminar flow benches, incubators and microscopes. Accommodation of 24 individual inlet channels enables the system to perform parallel, programmable and multiconditional assays on a single chip. A modular approach provides system versatility and allows many different chips to be used dependent upon application. We validate the system's performance by demonstrating on-chip passive switching and mixing by peristaltically driven flows. Applicability for biological assays is demonstrated by on-chip cell culture including on-chip transfection and temporally programmable gene expression.
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21
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Hernandez LO, Negussie H, Mazzola LT, Laser DJ, Droitcour A. Integrated heaters for temperature control in disposable bioassay cartridges for use with portable, battery-operated instruments. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2011:326-32. [PMID: 22254315 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two methods for heating fluids in microliter- to milliliter-scale reaction chambers in disposable bioassay cartridges are analyzed and compared. Inductive heating requires no electrical contact between the energy source and the cartridge and uses a very inexpensive component in the cartridge. Resistive heating with a surface mount component requires electrical interconnection, but is generally conducive to low-cost off-the-shelf components. Typical power consumption for both inductive heating and resistive heating is consistent with battery-powered operation. A finite element model for heating an injection-molded plastic cartridge with a surface-mount resistor has been developed and validated through experiments on a 40 mm × 10 mm × 7.5 mm injection molded polystyrene cartridge with embedded 1 kΩ surface-mount resistors. A model of frequency-dependent heat generation in a novel inductive heating device is also presented.
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22
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Billecke N, Raschzok N, Rohn S, Morgul MH, Schwartlander R, Mogl M, Wollersheim S, Schmitt KR, Sauer IM. An operational concept for long-term cinemicrography of cells in mono- and co-culture under highly controlled conditions – The SlideObserver. J Biotechnol 2012; 159:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Shah SS, Kim M, Foster E, Vu T, Patel D, Chen LJ, Verkhoturov SV, Schweikert E, Tae G, Revzin A. Electrochemical release of hepatocyte-on-hydrogel microstructures from ITO substrates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1847-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Søe MJ, Okkels F, Sabourin D, Alberti M, Holmstrøm K, Dufva M. HistoFlex--a microfluidic device providing uniform flow conditions enabling highly sensitive, reproducible and quantitative in situ hybridizations. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3896-3907. [PMID: 21964811 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic device (the HistoFlex) designed to perform and monitor molecular biological assays under dynamic flow conditions on microscope slide-substrates, with special emphasis on analyzing histological tissue sections, is presented. Microscope slides were reversibly sealed onto a cast polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) insert, patterned with distribution channels and reaction chambers. Topology optimization was used to design reaction chambers with uniform flow conditions. The HistoFlex provided uniform hybridization conditions, across the reaction chamber, as determined by hybridization to microscope slides of spotted DNA microarrays when applying probe concentrations generally used in in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. The HistoFlex's novel ability in online monitoring of an in situ hybridization assay was demonstrated using direct fluorescent detection of hybridization to 18S rRNA. Tissue sections were not visually damaged during assaying, which enabled adapting a complete ISH assay for detection of microRNAs (miRNA). The effects of flow based incubations on hybridization, antibody incubation and Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) steps were investigated upon adapting the ISH assay for performing in the HistoFlex. The hybridization step was significantly enhanced using flow based incubations due to improved hybridization efficiency. The HistoFlex device enabled a fast miRNA ISH assay (3 hours) which provided higher hybridization signal intensity compared to using conventional techniques (5 h 40 min). We further demonstrate that the improved hybridization efficiency using the HistoFlex permits more complex assays e.g. those comprising sequential hybridization and detection of two miRNAs to be performed with significantly increased sensitivity. The HistoFlex provides a new histological analysis platform that will allow multiple and sequential assays to be performed under their individual optimum assay conditions. Images can subsequently be recorded either in combination or sequentially through the ability of the HistoFlex to monitor assays without disassembly.
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25
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Optimal homogenization of perfusion flows in microfluidic bio-reactors: a numerical study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14574. [PMID: 21298040 PMCID: PMC3029276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in small-scale bio-reactors has increased dramatically. To ensure homogeneous conditions within the complete area of perfused microfluidic bio-reactors, we develop a general design of a continually feed bio-reactor with uniform perfusion flow. This is achieved by introducing a specific type of perfusion inlet to the reaction area. The geometry of these inlets are found using the methods of topology optimization and shape optimization. The results are compared with two different analytic models, from which a general parametric description of the design is obtained and tested numerically. Such a parametric description will generally be beneficial for the design of a broad range of microfluidic bioreactors used for, e.g., cell culturing and analysis and in feeding bio-arrays.
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26
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Kim JA, Lee SH, Park H, Kim JH, Park TH. Microheater based on magnetic nanoparticle embedded PDMS. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:165102. [PMID: 20351408 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/16/165102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A microheater was established by embedding magnetic nanoparticles into PDMS (MNP-PDMS). MNP-PDMS generated heat under an AC magnetic field and the temperature was controlled by varying the magnetic particle content and the magnetic field intensity. In this study, the MNP-PDMS chip was demonstrated to amplify the target DNA (732 bp) with > 90% efficiency compared to the conventional PCR thermocycler, and exhibited good performance in regards to temperature control. This system holds great promise for reliably controlling the temperature of thermal processes on an integrated microchip platform for biochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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27
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Abstract
A low-cost micro-incubator for imaging dynamic processes in living cells and tissues has been developed. This micro-incubator provides a tunable environment that can be altered to study responses of cell monolayers for several days as well as relatively thick tissue samples and tissue-engineered epithelial tissues in experiments lasting several hours. Samples are contained in a sterile cavity closed by a gas-permeable membrane. The incubator can be positioned in any direction and used on an inverted or upright microscope. Temperature is regulated using a Peltier module controlled by a sensor positioned close to the sample, enabling compensation for any changes in temperature. Rapid changes in a sample's surrounding environment can be achieved due to the fast response of the Peltier module. These features permit monitoring of sample adaptation to induced environmental changes.
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28
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Schäpper D, Alam MNHZ, Szita N, Eliasson Lantz A, Gernaey KV. Application of microbioreactors in fermentation process development: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:679-95. [PMID: 19649621 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schäpper
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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29
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Blau A, Neumann T, Ziegler C, Benfenati F. Replica-moulded polydimethylsiloxane culture vessel lids attenuate osmotic drift in long-term cell cultures. J Biosci 2009; 34:59-69. [PMID: 19430119 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-009-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance in medium osmolarity is a determinant that affects cell culture longevity. Even in humidified incubators, evaporation of water leads to a gradual increase in osmolarity over time. We present a simple replica-moulding strategy for producing self-sealing lids adaptable to standard, small-size cell-culture vessels. They are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a flexible, transparent and biocompatible material, which is gas-permeable but largely impermeable to water. Keeping cell cultures in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator at 37 degrees C, medium osmolarity increased by +6.86 mosmol/kg/day in standard 35 mm Petri dishes, while PDMS lids attenuated its rise by a factor of four to changes of +1.72 mosmol/kg/ day. Depending on the lid membrane thickness,pH drifts at ambient CO2 levels were attenuated by a factor of 4 to 9. Comparative evaporation studies at temperatures below 60 degrees C yielded a 10-fold reduced water vapour flux of 1.75 g/day/ dm 2 through PDMS lids as compared with 18.69 g/day/dm 2 with conventional Petri dishes. Using such PDMS lids,about 2/3 of the cell cultures grew longer than 30 days in vitro. Among these,the average survival time was 69 days with the longest survival being 284 days under otherwise conventional cell culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Blau
- The Italian Institute of Technology, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
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30
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31
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Rossi M, Lindken R, Hierck BP, Westerweel J. Tapered microfluidic chip for the study of biochemical and mechanical response at subcellular level of endothelial cells to shear flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:1403-11. [PMID: 19417907 DOI: 10.1039/b822270n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A lab-on-a-chip application for the investigation of biochemical and mechanical response of individual endothelial cells to different fluid dynamical conditions is presented. A microfluidic flow chamber design with a tapered geometry that creates a pre-defined, homogeneous shear stress gradient on the cell layer is described and characterized. A non-intrusive, non-tactile measurement method based on micro-PIV is used for the determination of the topography and shear stress distribution over individual cells with subcellular resolution. The cellular gene expression is measured simultaneously with the shape and shear stress distribution of the cell. With this set-up the response of the cells on different pre-defined shear stress levels is investigated without the influence of variations in repetitive experiments. Results are shown on cultured endothelial cells related to the promoter activity of the shear-responsive transcription factor KLF2 driving the marker gene for green fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Rossi
- Laboratory for Aero- and Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Srivastava N, Brennan JS, Renzi RF, Wu M, Branda SS, Singh AK, Herr AE. Fully Integrated Microfluidic Platform Enabling Automated Phosphoprofiling of Macrophage Response. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3261-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8024224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Srivastava
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550
| | - James S. Brennan
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Ronald F. Renzi
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Meiye Wu
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Steven S. Branda
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Anup K. Singh
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Amy E. Herr
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550
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33
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PLUK H, STOKES D, LICH B, WIERINGA B, FRANSEN J. Advantages of indium-tin oxide-coated glass slides in correlative scanning electron microscopy applications of uncoated cultured cells. J Microsc 2009; 233:353-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Walsh CL, Babin BM, Kasinskas RW, Foster JA, McGarry MJ, Forbes NS. A multipurpose microfluidic device designed to mimic microenvironment gradients and develop targeted cancer therapeutics. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:545-54. [PMID: 19190790 PMCID: PMC2855303 DOI: 10.1039/b810571e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of cellular microenvironments in tumors severely limits the efficacy of most cancer therapies. We have designed a microfluidic device that mimics the microenvironment gradients present in tumors that will enable the development of more effective cancer therapies. Tumor cell masses were formed within micron-scale chambers exposed to medium perfusion on one side to create linear nutrient gradients. The optical accessibility of the PDMS and glass device enables quantitative transmitted and fluorescence microscopy of all regions of the cell masses. Time-lapse microscopy was used to measure the growth rate and show that the device can be used for long-term efficacy studies. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate that the cell mass contained viable, apoptotic, and acidic regions similar to in vivo tumors. The diffusion coefficient of doxorubicin was accurately measured, and the accumulation of therapeutic bacteria was quantified. The device is simple to construct, and it can easily be reproduced to create an array of in vitro tumors. Because microenvironment gradients and penetration play critical roles controlling drug efficacy, we believe that this microfluidic device will be vital for understanding the behavior of common cancer drugs in solid tumors and designing novel intratumorally targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Walsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, 686 North Pleasant Street. Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA
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35
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Christiansen MB, Lopacinska JM, Jakobsen MH, Mortensen NA, Dufva M, Kristensen A. Polymer photonic crystal dye lasers as Optofluidic Cell Sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:2722-30. [PMID: 19219177 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.002722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dye doped hybrid polymer lasers are implemented as label free evanescent field biosensors for detection of cells. It is demonstrated that although the coverage is irregular and the cells extend over several lattice constants, the emission wavelength depends linearly on the fraction of the surface covered by the HeLa cells used as model system. Design parameters relating to photonic crystal sensing of large objects are identified and discussed. The lasers are chemically modified to bind cells and molecules with flexible UV activated linker molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Brøkner Christiansen
- 1Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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36
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Dufva M, Stangegaard M. Comment on "Microfluidics meets cell biology: bridging the gap by validation and application of microscale techniques for cell biological assays". Bioessays 2009; 31:255. [PMID: 19204980 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Poulsen L, Søe MJ, Snakenborg D, Møller LB, Dufva M. Multi-stringency wash of partially hybridized 60-mer probes reveals that the stringency along the probe decreases with distance from the microarray surface. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:e132. [PMID: 18805905 PMCID: PMC2582620 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a multi-parametric study of DNA hybridization to probes with 20–70% G + C content. Probes were designed towards 71 different sites/mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. Seven probe lengths, three spacer lengths and six stringencies were systematically varied. The three spacer lengths were obtained by placing the gene-specific sequence in discrete steps along the 60-mer probes. The study was performed using Agilent 8 × 15 000 probes custom-made arrays and a home-built array washer providing different stringencies to each of the eight sub-arrays on the slides. Investigation of hybridization signals, specificity and dissociation curves indicated that probes close to the surface were influenced by an additional stringency provided by the microarray surface. Consistent with this, probes close to the surface required 4 × SSC, while probes placed away from the surface required 0.35 × SSC wash buffers in order to give accurate genotyping results. Multiple step dissociation was frequently observed for probes placed furthest away from surface, but not for probes placed proximal to the surface, which is consistent with the hypothesis that there is different stringency along the 60-mer. The results have impact on design of probes for genotyping, gene expression and comparative genome hybridization analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Poulsen
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Oersteds Plads, Bld. 345 East, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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38
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Heiskanen AR, Spégel CF, Kostesha N, Ruzgas T, Emnéus J. Monitoring of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell proliferation on thiol-modified planar gold microelectrodes using impedance spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9066-9073. [PMID: 18630975 DOI: 10.1021/la800580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An impedance spectroscopic study of the interaction between thiol-modified Au electrodes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae of strain EBY44 revealed that the cells formed an integral part of the interface, modulating the capacitive properties until a complete monolayer was obtained, whereas the charge transfer resistance ( R ct) to the redox process of [Fe(CN)6] 3-/4- showed a linear relationship to the number of cells even beyond the monolayer coverage. R ct showed strong pH dependence upon increasing the pH of the utilized buffer to 7.2. Upon addition of S. cerevisiae cells at pH 7.2, the obtained value of R ct showed over 560% increase with respect to the value obtained on the same thiol-modified electrode without cells. It was demonstrated that real-time monitoring of S. cerevisiae proliferation, with frequency-normalized imaginary admittance (real capacitance) as the indicator, was possible using a miniaturized culture system, ECIS Cultureware, with integrated planar cysteamine-modified Au microelectrodes. A monolayer coverage was reached after 20-28 h of cultivation, observed as an approximately 15% decrease in the real capacitance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto R Heiskanen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, Sweden
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39
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Cheng JY, Yen MH, Kuo CT, Young TH. A transparent cell-culture microchamber with a variably controlled concentration gradient generator and flow field rectifier. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2008; 2:24105. [PMID: 19693408 PMCID: PMC2719264 DOI: 10.1063/1.2952290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Real-time observation of cell growth provides essential information for studies such as cell migration and chemotaxis. A conventional cell incubation device is usually too clumsy for these applications. Here we report a transparent microfluidic device that has an integrated heater and a concentration gradient generator. A piece of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass was ablated by our newly developed visible laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) so that transparent heater strips were prepared on the glass substrate. A polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microfluidic chamber with flow field rectifiers and a reagent effusion hole was fabricated by a CO(2) laser and then assembled with the ITO heater so that the chamber temperature can be controlled for cell culturing. A variable chemical gradient was generated inside the chamber by combining the lateral medium flow and the flow from the effusion hole. Successful culturing was performed inside the device. Continuous long-term (>10 days) observation on cell growth was achieved. In this work the flow field, medium replacement, and chemical gradient in the microchamber are elaborated.
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40
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Salierno M, Cabrera R, Filevich O, Etchenique R. Encapsulated Petri dish system for single-cell drug delivery and long-term time lapse microscopy. Anal Biochem 2007; 371:208-14. [PMID: 17884006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a system that allows focal drug application for cell culture microscopy. Single-cell drug delivery is achieved through the insertion of a patch-clamp-like micropipette in a microenvironment-controlled chamber mounted on a standard 35-mm Petri dish. The system has precise control of temperature, CO(2) concentration, and humidity, while preventing contamination during experiments. The use of standard Petri dishes allows long-term experiments by alternating in situ microscopy with incubator growth. Modern biological long-term experiments such as the characterization of drug effects on cell movement, axonal guidance, mitosis, apoptosis, differentiation, or volume regulation can be performed. The chamber is compatible with any inverted microscope without significant modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Salierno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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41
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Sakai Y, Nakazawa K. Technique for the control of spheroid diameter using microfabricated chips. Acta Biomater 2007; 3:1033-40. [PMID: 17689307 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a new technique for the control of spheroid diameter in liver-derived cell lines using microfabricated chips that were prepared by combining microfabrication with chemical surface modification. The chip possesses multicavities in a triangular arrangement in the central region (10 mm x 10 mm) of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plate (24 mm x 24 mm), and the surface of the chip was modified with polyethylene glycol, thereby producing a surface that is non-adhesive to cells. HepG2 cells, a model liver-derived cell line, inoculated onto the chip were trapped within each cavity and proliferated to gradually form spheroids with smooth surfaces and high circularity. Although the spheroid diameters increased with cell proliferation during the initial 10 days of culture, they remained constant thereafter. The spheroid diameters were dependent on the scales of the multicavities on the chip, and the spheroid configuration with uniform diameter was maintained for at least 1 month. In particular, it was demonstrated using chips of various designs that the cavity diameter and the pitch between cavities were effective factors in controlling the spheroid diameter. Furthermore, the protein secretion activities of the spheroid formed on the chip were higher than those of the monolayers for at least 1 month of culture. These results indicate that this chip is a useful technique for the control of spheroid diameter and for the mass preparation of uniform spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Chemical Processes and Environments, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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42
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Stangegaard M, Wang Z, Kutter JP, Dufva M, Wolff A. Whole genome expression profiling using DNA microarray for determining biocompatibility of polymeric surfaces. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2007; 2:421-8. [PMID: 17153139 DOI: 10.1039/b608239d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an ever increasing need to find surfaces that are biocompatible for applications like medical implants and microfluidics-based cell culture systems. The biocompatibility of five different surfaces with different hydrophobicity was determined using gene expression profiling as well as more conventional methods to determine biocompatibility such as cellular growth rate, morphology and the hydrophobicity of the surfaces. HeLa cells grown on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or a SU-8 surface treated with HNO3-ceric ammonium nitrate (HNO3-CAN) and ethanolamine showed no differences in growth rate, morphology or gene expression profiles as compared to HeLa cells grown in cell culture flasks. Cells grown on SU-8 treated with only HNO3-CAN showed almost the same growth rate (36 +/- 1 h) and similar morphology as cells grown in cell culture flasks (32 +/- 1 h), indicating good biocompatibility. However, more than 200 genes showed different expression levels in cells grown on SU-8 treated with HNO3-CAN compared to cells grown in cell culture flasks. This shows that gene expression profiling is a simple and precise method for determining differences in cells grown on different surfaces that are otherwise difficult to find using conventional methods. It is particularly noteworthy that no correlation was found between surface hydrophobicity and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stangegaard
- MIC-Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Orsteds Plads 345 East, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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43
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Korin N, Bransky A, Dinnar U, Levenberg S. A parametric study of human fibroblasts culture in a microchannel bioreactor. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:611-7. [PMID: 17476380 DOI: 10.1039/b702392h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The culture of cells in a microbioreactor can be highly beneficial for cell biology studies and tissue engineering applications. The present work provides new insights into the relationship between cell growth, cell morphology, perfusion rate, and design parameters in microchannel bioreactors. We demonstrate the long-term culture of mammalian (human foreskin fibroblasts, HFF) cells in a microbioreactor under constant perfusion in a straightforward simple manner. A perfusion system was used to culture human cells for more than two weeks in a plain microchannel (130 microm x 1 mm x 2 cm). At static conditions and at high flow rates (>0.3 ml h(-1)), the cells did not grow in the microchannel for more than a few days. For low flow rates (<0.2 ml h(-1)), the cells grew well and a confluent layer was obtained. We show that the culture of cells in microchannels under perfusion, even at low rates, affects cell growth kinetics as well as cell morphology. The oxygen level in the microchannel was evaluated using a mass transport model and the maximum cell density measured in the microchannel at steady state. The maximum shear stress, which corresponds to the maximum flow rate used for long term culture, was 20 mPa, which is significantly lower than the shear stress cells may endure under physiological conditions. The effect of channel size and cell type on long term cell culture were also examined and were found to be significant. The presented results demonstrate the importance of understanding the relationship between design parameters and cell behavior in microscale culture system, which vary from physiological and traditional culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanel Korin
- Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel 32000
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44
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Chin CD, Linder V, Sia SK. Lab-on-a-chip devices for global health: past studies and future opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:41-57. [PMID: 17180204 DOI: 10.1039/b611455e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapidly emerging field in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) research is the development of devices to improve the health of people in developing countries. In this review, we identify diseases that are most in need of new health technologies, discuss special design criteria for LOC devices to be deployed in a variety of resource-poor settings, and review past research into LOC devices for global health. We focus mainly on diagnostics, the nearest-term application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis D Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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45
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Abstract
It is important to quantify the distribution of behavior amongst a population of individual cells to reach a more complete quantitative understanding of cellular processes. Improved high-throughput analysis of single cell behavior requires uniform conditions for individual cells with controllable cell-cell interactions, including diffusible and contact elements. Uniform cell arrays for static culture of adherent cells have previously been constructed using protein micropatterning techniques but lack the ability to control diffusible secretions. Here we present a microfluidic-based dynamic single cell culture array that allows both arrayed culture of individual adherent cells and dynamic control of fluid perfusion with uniform environments for individual cells. In our device no surface modification is required and cell loading is done in less than 30 seconds. The device consists of arrays of physical U-shaped hydrodynamic trapping structures with geometries that are biased to trap only single cells. HeLa cells were shown to adhere at a similar rate in the trapping array as on a control glass substrate. Additionally, rates of cell death and division were comparable to the control experiment. Approximately 100 individual isolated cells were observed growing and adhering in a field of view spanning approximately 1 mm(2) with greater than 85% of cells maintained within the primary trapping site after 24 hours. Also, greater than 90% of cells were adherent and only 5% had undergone apoptosis after 24 hours of perfusion culture within the trapping array. We anticipate uses in single cell analysis of drug toxicity with physiologically relevant perfused dosages as well as investigation of cell signaling pathways and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Di Carlo
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, Biomolecular Nanotechnology Center, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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46
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Stangegaard M, Petronis S, Jørgensen AM, Christensen CBV, Dufva M. A biocompatible micro cell culture chamber (microCCC) for the culturing and on-line monitoring of eukaryote cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2006; 6:1045-51. [PMID: 16874376 DOI: 10.1039/b603379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a polymeric (PMMA) chip with medium perfusion and integrated heat regulation provides sufficiently precise heat regulation, pH-control and medium exchange to support cell growth for weeks. However, it was unclear how closely the cells cultured in the chip resembled cells cultured in the culture flask. In the current study, gene expression profiles of cells cultured in the chip were compared with gene expression profiles of cells cultured in culture flasks. The results showed that there were only two genes that were differently expressed in cells grown in the cell culture chip compared to cell culture flasks. The cell culture chip could without further modification support cell growth of two other cell lines. Light coming from the microscope lamp during optical recordings of the cells was the only external factor identified, that could have a negative effect on cell survival. Low grade light exposure was however compatible with optical recordings as well as cell viability. These results strongly indicate that a cell culture chip could be constructed that allowed for on-line optical recording of cellular events without affecting the cell culturing condition compared to cell cultured in culture flasks incubated in a dark and CO2 conditioned incubator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stangegaard
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345 east, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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