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Choi CK, Yang JH, Kweon SS, Shin MH. Exploring Disparities for Obesity in Korea Using Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort Analysis With Cross-Classified Random Effect Models. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e169. [PMID: 38804013 PMCID: PMC11136680 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research article investigates the age, period, and birth cohort effects on prevalence of obesity in the Korean population, with the goal of identifying key factors to inform effective public health strategies. METHODS We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, spanning 2007-2021, including 35,736 men and 46,756 women. Using the hierarchical age-period-cohort (APC) analysis with cross-classified random effects modeling, we applied multivariable mixed logistic regression to estimate the marginal prevalence of obesity across age, period, and birth cohort, while assessing the interaction between APC and lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS Our findings reveal an inverted U-shaped age effect on obesity, influenced by smoking history (P for interaction = 0.020) and physical activity (I for interaction < 0.001). The period effect was positive in 2020 and 2021, while negative in 2014 (P for period effect < 0.001). A declining trend in obesity prevalence was observed in birth cohorts from 1980s onward. Notably, disparities in obesity rates among recent birth cohorts have increased in relation to smoking history (P for interaction = 0.020), physical activity (P for interaction < 0.001), and residence (P for interaction = 0.005). Particularly, those born after 1960 were more likely to be obese if they were ex-smokers, physical inactive, or lived in rural areas. CONCLUSION These findings highlight growing disparities in obesity within birth cohorts, underscoring the need for targeted health policies that promote smoking cessation and physical activity, especially in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyun Choi
- Division of Cancer Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Yang
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
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Zhu Z, Bai H, Li Z, Fan M, Li G, Chen L. Association of the oxidative balance score with obesity and body composition among young and middle-aged adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1373709. [PMID: 38751744 PMCID: PMC11095126 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1373709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The oxidative balance score (OBS) is important for determining the cause of obesity and its complications. We aimed to evaluate the association between OBS and obesity and other segmental body composition parameters among young and middle-aged U.S. adults. Methods 9,998 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 were included. Lean mass percentage (LM%) and FM% were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Obesity was defined as body FM% ≥25% in men and ≥ 35% in women. The OBS was scored by 5 pro-oxidant and 21 antioxidant factors. Associations of quartiles of OBS with obesity risk were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to estimate the association between OBS and segmental body composition measures including the arm LM%, leg LM%, torso LM%, whole LM%, arm FM%, leg FM%, torso FM% and total FM%. Results Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of OBS, those in the highest quartile of OBS were associated with a lower risk of BMI-defined obesity BMI-defined obesity [0.43 (0.36, 0.50)] and FM%-related obesity [0.43 (0.35, 0.52)]. Additionally, OBS was negatively associated with FM% of the limb and torso but positively associated with the percentage of lean mass (LM%) of the limb and trunk. Conclusion OBS was negatively associated with the risk of obesity and segmental FM%, but was positively associated with segmental LM% among US adults, indicating that adhering to an anti-oxidative diet and lifestyle management may be beneficial for preventing segmental obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- Department of Health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liyong Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Augusto da Costa Teixeira L, Rocha-Vieira E, Aparecida Soares L, Mota de Oliveira F, Aparecida Oliveira Leopoldino A, Netto Parentoni A, Amaral Mendonça V, Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda A. The strong inverse association between plasma concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors type 1 with adiponectin/leptin ratio in older women. Cytokine 2024; 176:156512. [PMID: 38281360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Complex inflammatory crosstalk between muscular and adipose organs during ageing is controlled by adipokines and myokines. The Adiponectin/Leptin ratio (A/L ratio) has proven to be a promising biomarker for identifying insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular risk and adipose tissue inflammation. Although the A/L ratio has been related to inflammatory conditions, its ability to associate with or indicate the behavior of other inflammatory mediators remains unknown. The present study aimed to verify the association between the A/L ratio and a panel of inflammatory biomarkers in community-dwelling older women. The plasmatic concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its soluble receptors (sTNF-r) 1 and 2 were evaluated in 71 community-dwelling older women with 75 (±7) years. The A/L ratio was negative and inverse correlated with BNDF (r = -0.29; p = 0.01), IL-8 (r = -0.37; p = 0.001) and sTNFr- 1 (r = -0.98; p < 0.001) levels. A strong and inverse association, with proportional effect, between A/L ratio and sTNFr-1 concentrations was found (Adjusted R2 = 0.22; β = -0.48; p > 0.001). It suggests that the presence of sTNFr-1 causes an inflammatory effect that affect cross-talk between muscle and adipose tissue, contributing to pro-inflammatory imbalance, which may have molecular and functional consequences. In addition, we provide insights into diagnostic biomarkers for inflammation, especially related to muscle wasting and intrinsic capacity in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Augusto da Costa Teixeira
- Programa de pós-graduação em ciências da saúde da UFVJM, Brazil; Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e pós-graduação em saúde (CIPq-saúde) da UFVJM, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa de pós-graduação em ciências da saúde da UFVJM, Brazil; Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e pós-graduação em saúde (CIPq-saúde) da UFVJM, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina do campus JK da UFVJM, Brazil
| | - Luana Aparecida Soares
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e pós-graduação em saúde (CIPq-saúde) da UFVJM, Brazil; Programa de pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional da UFVJM, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa de pós-graduação em ciências da saúde da UFVJM, Brazil; Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e pós-graduação em saúde (CIPq-saúde) da UFVJM, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina do campus JK da UFVJM, Brazil; Programa de pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional da UFVJM, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa de pós-graduação em ciências da saúde da UFVJM, Brazil; Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e pós-graduação em saúde (CIPq-saúde) da UFVJM, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina do campus JK da UFVJM, Brazil; Programa de pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional da UFVJM, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Noor F, Shorovi NJ, Sarwar S, Fahima Ahmad T, Bahar N, Ashraf MM, Amin MR, Shamim AA, Rima JK, Akhtaruzzaman M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Among Bangladeshi Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e57606. [PMID: 38707038 PMCID: PMC11069394 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver enzyme abnormalities can indicate underlying liver health issues and are influenced by various factors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of liver enzyme abnormalities and their associated factors among nonpregnant and nonlactating (NPNL) women in Bangladesh. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 251 NPNL Bangladeshi women. Data on demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between liver enzyme abnormalities and associated factors. Results The prevalence of liver enzyme abnormalities among participants was determined, with associated factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), monthly income, and food security status examined. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were observed in 54 (21.5%) and 47 (18.7%) of participants, respectively, with 116 (46.2%) exhibiting an AST/ALT ratio exceeding 1.00. Food insecurity was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of elevated ALT levels (24.4% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.02), as well as low monthly income (18.8%, 14.7% vs. 36.7%, P < 0.01) and higher BMI (11% vs. 27.7% and 25.6%, P = 0.02). Similar trends were observed for AST levels. Moreover, participants with a higher BMI exhibited significantly higher rates of at least one abnormal liver function enzyme (15.9% vs. 34.9%, P = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between abnormal liver enzyme levels and certain demographic and socioeconomic factors, specifically BMI and age. Conclusions This study provides insights into the prevalence of liver enzyme abnormalities and their associated factors among NPNL Bangladeshi women. The findings underscore the importance of addressing factors such as BMI and age in mitigating liver health issues in this population. Further research and targeted interventions are warranted to address these concerns effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatehatun Noor
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, BGD
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Nusrat Jahan Shorovi
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
- Center for Noncommunicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Sneha Sarwar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Tasmim Fahima Ahmad
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, BGD
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Nisarga Bahar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Musharraf Ashraf
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Ruhul Amin
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Abu Ahmed Shamim
- Center for Noncommunicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Johora Khatun Rima
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
| | - M Akhtaruzzaman
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BGD
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Utsumi S, Kondo Y, Harada Y, Yoshida A, Nishimura H, Narita Y, Irie T, Jinnouchi H, Ishitsuka Y, Hirata S. Evaluation of a creatinine clearance correction equation based on body fat mass in older Japanese patients with diabetes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1228383. [PMID: 38390564 PMCID: PMC10881716 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1228383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The estimation of creatinine clearance (CCr) in older adult patients with diabetes is subject to deviations from the results of actual measurements because of changes in body composition. In the present study, we aimed to create a correction for the equation used for the estimation of CCr in older adult Asian patients with diabetes using body composition parameters. Methods We enrolled 50 older Japanese patients with diabetes in whom the measured values of CCr were compared with values estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. The relationships between the error in the estimated CCr and body composition parameters were investigated, and the Cockcroft-Gault equation was corrected using the appropriate parameters. To evaluate the generalizability of the corrected equation, the utility of the Cockcroft-Gault equation, which was corrected on the basis of body composition measured using a household body composition meter, was also investigated. Results Body fat mass (BFM) was closely correlated with the error in the estimated CCr. The BFM-corrected Cockcroft-Gault equation was more accurate than the original equation. Similarly, the error became smaller using BFM measured with a household body composition meter. Conclusion The BFM-corrected Cockcroft-Gault equation may provide an accurate method of estimating CCr that can be used in general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Utsumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Harada
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Narita
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsumi Irie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Ishitsuka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sumio Hirata
- Department of Academic Education, I & H Co., Ltd., Ashiya, Japan
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Mojas E, Santisteban A, Muñoz-Pérez I, Larrinaga-Undabarrena A, Arietaleanizbeaskoa MS, Mendizabal-Gallastegui N, Grandes G, Cacicedo J, Río X. Differences in Functional Capacity between Oncologic and Non-Oncologic Populations: Reference Values. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:318. [PMID: 38338203 PMCID: PMC10855221 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on the fact that in the context of increasing global aging and cancer diagnoses, additional challenges arise in clinical care. Adequate functionality and body composition are key to coping with antineoplastic treatment, which can lead to better treatment tolerance, survival, and quality of life. This is a cross-sectional comparative study focused on the assessment and comparison of body composition and functionality between cancer patients and a reference population, with the aim of establishing meaningful baseline values. Techniques such as manual dynamometry, the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand test, and bioimpedance were used to collect data from 374 oncologic patients and 1244 reference individuals. The results reveal significant disparities in functionality and body composition among participants, and provide age group-specific adjusted baseline values for those diagnosed with cancer. These findings may have crucial clinical implications for applying particular cut-off points designed for this population group, which makes the assessment process faster and more accurate, enhances the capacity of medical personnel to act quickly, and improves the management of frailty in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egoitz Mojas
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
| | - Aitor Santisteban
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
| | - Iker Muñoz-Pérez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
| | - Arkaitz Larrinaga-Undabarrena
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
| | - Maria Soledad Arietaleanizbeaskoa
- Comprehensive Care Group for Patients with Chronic Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (M.S.A.); (N.M.-G.); (G.G.)
| | - Nere Mendizabal-Gallastegui
- Comprehensive Care Group for Patients with Chronic Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (M.S.A.); (N.M.-G.); (G.G.)
| | - Gonzalo Grandes
- Comprehensive Care Group for Patients with Chronic Diseases, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (M.S.A.); (N.M.-G.); (G.G.)
| | - Jon Cacicedo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Xabier Río
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.-P.); (A.L.-U.); (X.R.)
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Bielec G, Goździejewska A, Langhammer B, Borysławski K. Body Composition of Master Swimmers before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6992. [PMID: 38002607 PMCID: PMC10672119 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12226992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term effect of physical activity on body composition in Master athletes is rarely presented in the literature. The aim of this study was to identify possible changes in body composition of Master swimmers over a period of 4 years, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we wanted to discover if sarcopenia symptoms would occur in Master athletes during the analyzed period. The body compositions of one hundred and sixty-seven Master swimmers were assessed with the InBody 270 analyzer in 2018. In 2022, the measurements were repeated in forty-six men and fourteen women. The Muscle Mass Index and the Skeletal Muscle Index were calculated to identify sarcopenia-related changes in body composition. We surveyed participants to gather data on their training patterns and SARS-CoV-2 infection history. No significant changes in body composition parameters were noted in Master swimmers during the analysis period (p > 0.05). Sarcopenia risk was not identified in examined athletes, and sarcopenia indicators did not change markedly over the 4-year period (p > 0.05). Participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ from non-infected subjects in terms of body composition. Training cessation during the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 infection did not induce long-term changes in body composition of Master swimmers. Life-long participation in swimming activities appears to delay negative changes in body composition, including sarcopenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bielec
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Goździejewska
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Birgitta Langhammer
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0176 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Krzysztof Borysławski
- Institute of Health, The Angelus Silesius University of Applied Sciences, 58-300 Wałbrzych, Poland;
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Podstawski R, Omelan A, Borysławski K, Wąsik J. Relationships between anthropometric and body composition characteristics and age in Polish women over 60 as affected by their socioeconomic and health status and physical activity levels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198485. [PMID: 37440998 PMCID: PMC10333718 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about changes in anthropometric and body composition (A&BC) characteristics during the aging process. Research indicates that body composition can be linked with socioeconomic status (SES), health status (HS), and physical activity (PA) levels. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related changes in A&BC characteristics in female seniors aged 60+ in view of their SES, HS, and PA levels. Methods: The survey was conducted in November and December 2022 on a total of 661 female seniors. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain information about the participants' socioeconomic status (chronic diseases, health status, marital status, membership in social organizations, financial status, place of residence, education). The respondents' PA levels were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and their A&BC characteristics were determined in a bioelectrical impedance analysis with the InBody 270 body composition analyzer. The relationships between A&BC characteristics and age were evaluated based on the values of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: The mean values of Percent Body Fat (PBF), Body Mass Index (BMI), and the waist-hip ratio (WHR) were relatively high (37.2%, 28.5 kg/m2, and 0.8, respectively) and indicative of overweight and gynoid obesity. A higher number of significant negative correlations between A&BC characteristics and age were observed in seniors with lower values of SES, HS, and PA, which points to more rapid involutional changes in this group of respondents. A segmental analysis also revealed significantly lower values of fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat mass (BFM) (both indicators were calculated in percentage and kg), in particular in the upper limbs, in women with lower SES, HS, and PA levels. Conclusion: Environmental factors, including biological, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and social factors, are significantly associated with aging in women. Age-related changes in A&BC characteristics tend to proceed more rapidly in female seniors with low values of SES and HE and insufficient PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Podstawski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Omelan
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Borysławski
- Institute of Health, The Angelus Silesius University of Applied Sciences, Wałbrzych, Poland
| | - Jacek Wąsik
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Prevention, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
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Kassir R, Gimet P, Hupin D, Boutet C, Barthélémy JC, Roche F, Celle S. Brain alterations associated with overweight evaluated by body mass index or body fat index in an elderly population: the PROOF study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148068. [PMID: 37334288 PMCID: PMC10273264 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Obesity is a complex health issue in which the brain plays a role yet to be determined, especially in the elderly. Indeed, in the ageing population, the balance between fat and lean mass is different; thus, the co-influence between the brain and obesity may differ between the elderly and younger subjects. Our main goal is thus to explore the relationship between the brain and obesity using two different approaches to measure obesity: body mass index (BMI) and an index centred on fat mass, the body fat index (BFI). Subjects/methods Among the 1,011 subjects of the PROOF population, 273 subjects aged 75 years underwent 3D magnetic resonance imaging as well as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess fat mass. Voxel-based morphometry was used to explore the local differences in brain volume with obesity. Results Higher BMI and BFI were associated with higher grey matter (GM) volume in the left cerebellum. Higher BMI and BFI were mainly associated with higher white matter volume in the left and right cerebellum and near the right medial orbital gyrus. Higher BMI was also associated with higher GM volume in the brainstem, whereas higher BFI was associated with higher GM volume in the left middle temporal gyrus. No decrease in white matter was associated with BMI or BFI. Conclusion In the elderly, the relationship between the brain and obesity does not depend on the marker of obesity. Supra-tentorial brain structures seem to be slightly associated with obesity, whereas the cerebellum seems to be one of the key structures related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwan Kassir
- Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Félix Guyon, Saint Denis, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Pierre Gimet
- Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, CHU Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Mines Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - David Hupin
- Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, CHU Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Mines Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Claire Boutet
- TAPE Research Unit, EA 7423, Université Jean Monnet, CHU Saint-Étienne, Service de Radiologie, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Jean-Claude Barthélémy
- Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, CHU Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Mines Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Frédéric Roche
- Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, CHU Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Mines Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Sébastien Celle
- Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, CHU Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Mines Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
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Cabrera D, Moncayo-Rizzo J, Cevallos K, Alvarado-Villa G. Waist Circumference as a Risk Factor for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Older Adults in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:geriatrics8020042. [PMID: 37102968 PMCID: PMC10137339 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic liver steatosis is currently considered an epidemic. It involves a broad spectrum of liver diseases, in which older adults constitute a susceptible group. The aim of this study is to identify the role of waist circumference as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 99 older adults who regularly attended five gerontological centers in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The variables studied were age, gender, independent life, access to complete meals, waist circumference, and NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound. RESULTS A significant relationship exists between waist circumference, body mass index, and fat mass percentage. However, only age and waist circumference were significant in the multivariate logistic regression model. Our results suggest that in the presence of waist circumference, body mass index loses its significance and age may be a protective factor due to adipose tissue loss and redistribution. CONCLUSION Anthropometric measurements such as waist circumference can be used as complement indicators of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Moncayo-Rizzo
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
| | - Karen Cevallos
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
| | - Geovanny Alvarado-Villa
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
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11
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Liu C, Cheng KYK, Tong X, Cheung WH, Chow SKH, Law SW, Wong RMY. The role of obesity in sarcopenia and the optimal body composition to prevent against sarcopenia and obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1077255. [PMID: 36936175 PMCID: PMC10016224 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1077255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly people with low lean and high fat mass, are diagnosed with sarcopenic obesity (SO), and often have poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the relationship between obesity and sarcopenia, and the optimal proportion of fat and muscle for old individuals. Methods Participants aged 60 years or above were instructed to perform bioelectrical impedance analysis to obtain the muscle and fat indicators, and handgrip strength was also performed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to predicted appendicular skeletal muscle mass and function. Body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were used to define obesity. The association of muscle and fat indicators were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Pearson Chi-Square test was utilized to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) on the risk of sarcopenia according to obesity status. Results 1637 old subjects (74.8 ± 7.8 years) participated in this study. Not only fat mass, but also muscle indicators were positively correlated to BMI and body weight (p < 0.05). Absolute muscle and fat mass in different positions had positive associations (p < 0.05). Muscle mass and strength were negatively related to appendicular fat mass percentage (p < 0.05). When defined by BMI (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.56, 0.86]; p = 0.001), obesity was a protective factor for sarcopenia, whilst it was a risk factor when using BF% (OR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.13, 1.69]; p = 0.002) as the definition. The risk of sarcopenia reduced with the increase of BMI in both genders. It was increased with raised BF% in males but displayed a U-shaped curve for females. BF% 26.0-34.6% in old females and lower than 23.9% in old males are recommended for sarcopenia and obesity prevention. Conclusion Skeletal muscle mass had strong positive relationship with absolute fat mass but negative associations with the percentage of appendicular fat mass. Obesity was a risk factor of sarcopenia when defined by BF% instead of BMI. The management of BF% can accurately help elderly people prevent against both sarcopenia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheung Wai Law
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Cheng KYK, Bao Z, Long Y, Liu C, Huang T, Cui C, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Sarcopenia and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:95-120. [PMID: 37120466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ageing is a major health challenge as muscles and bones constitute around 55-60% of body weight. Ageing muscles will result in sarcopenia that is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes. In recent years, a few consensus panels provide new definitions for sarcopenia. It was officially recognized as a disease in 2016 with an ICD-10-CM disease code, M62.84, in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). With the new definitions, there are many studies emerging to investigate the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, exploring new interventions to treat sarcopenia and evaluating the efficacy of combination treatments for sarcopenia. The scope of this chapter is to summarize and appraise the evidence in terms of (1) clinical signs, symptoms, screening, and diagnosis, (2) pathogenesis of sarcopenia with emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction, intramuscular fat infiltration and neuromuscular junction deterioration, and (3) current treatments with regard to physical exercises and nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Castro A, Signini ÉF, De Oliveira JM, Di Medeiros Leal MCB, Rehder-Santos P, Millan-Mattos JC, Minatel V, Pantoni CBF, Oliveira RV, Catai AM, Ferreira AG. The Aging Process: A Metabolomics Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248656. [PMID: 36557788 PMCID: PMC9785117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging process is characterized by a progressive decline of several organic, physiological, and metabolic functions whose precise mechanism remains unclear. Metabolomics allows the identification of several metabolites and may contribute to clarifying the aging-regulated metabolic pathways. We aimed to investigate aging-related serum metabolic changes using a metabolomics approach. Fasting blood serum samples from 138 apparently healthy individuals (20−70 years old, 56% men) were analyzed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS), and for clinical markers. Associations of the metabolic profile with age were explored via Correlations (r); Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis; Multiple Linear Regression; and Aging Metabolism Breakpoint. The age increase was positively correlated (0.212 ≤ r ≤ 0.370, p < 0.05) with the clinical markers (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triacylglyceride, and glucose levels); negatively correlated (−0.285 ≤ r ≤ −0.214, p < 0.05) with tryptophan, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, asparagine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine levels, but positively (0.237 ≤ r ≤ 0.269, p < 0.05) with aspartate and ornithine levels. These metabolites resulted in three enriched pathways: valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, urea cycle, and ammonia recycling. Additionally, serum metabolic levels of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoleucine, aspartate, and ornithine explained 27.3% of the age variation, with the aging metabolism breakpoint occurring after the third decade of life. These results indicate that the aging process is potentially associated with reduced serum branched-chain amino acid levels (especially after the third decade of life) and progressively increased levels of serum metabolites indicative of the urea cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Étore F. Signini
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Rehder-Santos
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Minatel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila B. F. Pantoni
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Regina V. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Aparecida M. Catai
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Antônio G. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.G.F.)
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14
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Di Renzo L, Itani L, Gualtieri P, Pellegrini M, El Ghoch M, De Lorenzo A. New BMI Cut-Off Points for Obesity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Clinical Nutrition Settings in Italy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:4848. [PMID: 36432532 PMCID: PMC9699571 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem defined as an excess accumulation of body fat (BF). The World Health Organization (WHO) usually relies on a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 as an indicator of obesity. Due to changes in body composition that occur across the lifespan, with an increase in BF and a decrease in lean mass, we aimed to test the validity of this BMI cut-off point for adiposity in middle-aged and older adults. This cross-sectional study, composed of 4800 adults of mixed gender aged between 40 and 80 years, included (according to the WHO BMI classification) 1087 normal-weight, 1826 overweight, and 1887 obese individuals who were referred to the Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy. The sample was then categorized by adiposity status based on the total BF% as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the best sensitivity and specificity were attained for predicting obesity according to the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. In a real-world clinical setting, a new BMI cut-off point (BMI = 27.27 kg/m2) has been identified for predicting obesity in middle-aged and older adults. Obesity guidelines in Italy therefore need to be revised accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Hernandez-Martinez J, Castillo-Cerda M, Vera-Assaoka T, Carter-Truillier B, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Guzmán-Muñoz E, Branco BHM, Jofré-Saldía E, Valdés-Badilla P. Warm-Up and Handgrip Strength in Physically Inactive Chilean Older Females According to Baseline Nutritional Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13335. [PMID: 36293916 PMCID: PMC9602643 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of different types of warm-ups on handgrip strength (HGS) in physically inactive older females. Secondarily, it aims to compare HGS according to their baseline nutritional status. A randomized crossover trial study was conducted with 44 physically inactive older females distributed into normal weight (n = 12, BMI = 23.9 ± 3.2 kg/m2), overweight (n =16, BMI = 27 ± 4.7 kg/m2) and obese (n = 16, BMI = 31.6 ± 5.3 kg/m2), who participated in three warm-up conditions (static stretching condition, SSC; elastic band condition, EBC; and therapeutic compression ball condition, TCBC) and one control condition (CC, no warm-up). All participants performed the four randomized conditions with recovery within 72 h. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in HGS for the dominant and non-dominant hands was observed when comparing SSC vs. CC. In contrast, comparing the warm-up conditions according to the baseline nutritional status, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were only reported in the obese group in the dominant and non-dominant hand in favor of CC concerning SSC. In conclusion, warm-up with static flexibility led to a decrease in HGS in physically inactive older females. Only the obese group exhibited this result when analyzed by nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hernandez-Martinez
- Programa de Investigación en Deporte, Sociedad y Buen Vivir, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
| | - María Castillo-Cerda
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
| | - Tiago Vera-Assaoka
- Programa de Investigación en Deporte, Sociedad y Buen Vivir, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
| | - Bastian Carter-Truillier
- Programa de Investigación en Deporte, Sociedad y Buen Vivir, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
- Department of Education, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4810302, Chile
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Department of Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3530000, Chile
| | | | - Emilio Jofré-Saldía
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Instituto del Deporte y Bienestar, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
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16
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Hypothalamic microstructure and function are related to body mass, but not mental or cognitive abilities across the adult lifespan. GeroScience 2022; 45:277-291. [PMID: 35896889 PMCID: PMC9886766 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical, mental, and cognitive resources are essential for healthy aging. Aging impacts on the structural integrity of various brain regions, including the hippocampus. Even though recent rodent studies hint towards a critical role of the hypothalamus, there is limited evidence on functional consequences of age-related changes of this region in humans. Given its central role in metabolic regulation and affective processing and its connections to the hippocampus, it is plausible that hypothalamic integrity and connectivity are associated with functional age-related decline. We used data of n = 369 participants (18-88 years) from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience repository to determine functional impacts of potential changes in hypothalamic microstructure across the lifespan. First, we identified age-related changes in microstructure as a function of physical, mental, and cognitive health and compared those findings to changes in hippocampal microstructure. Second, we investigated the relationship of hypothalamic microstructure and resting-state functional connectivity and related those changes to age as well as physical health. Our results showed that hypothalamic microstructure is not affected by depressive symptoms (mental health), cognitive performance (cognitive health), and comparatively stable across the lifespan, but affected by body mass (physical health). Furthermore, body mass changes connectivity to limbic regions including the hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens, suggesting functional alterations in the metabolic and reward systems. Our results demonstrate that hypothalamic structure and function are affected by body mass, focused on neural density and dispersion, but not inflammation. Still, observed effect sizes were small, encouraging detailed investigations of individual hypothalamic subunits.
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Chen YT, Lee PF, Lin CF, Chang A, Chung YC, Yeh CP, Chen SC, Ho CC. Association of Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Self-Reported Body Mass Index and Obesity Risk among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Taiwan. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121719. [PMID: 34946445 PMCID: PMC8701319 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Through this study, we aimed to determine the association of regular leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with self-reported body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk among middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed the data derived from the Taiwan National Physical Activity Survey (TNPAS). Responses from 12,687 participants aged 45–108 years from the database were collected in this study. All the participants completed a standardized structured questionnaire that solicitated information regarding their demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation, and self-reported health status), physical activity behaviors (regular/nonregular LTPA), and self-reported anthropometrics (height, weight, and BMI). Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the association between regular LTPA and BMI, and between regular LTPA and obesity status, respectively. Regular LTPA was associated with male gender, normal weight, excellent or good self-reported health status, and a lower rate of being underweight compared with nonregular LTPA. Regular LTPA was significant negatively associated with being underweight (OR = 0.71, p < 0.05), whereas it had no significant relationship with BMI and obesity (p > 0.05). Regular LTPA was associated with a reduced risk of being underweight among middle-aged and elderly adults in Taiwan. Further research on the relevant mechanism underlying this phenomenon is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tsung Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Po-Fu Lee
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan; (P.-F.L.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Chi-Fang Lin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Andy Chang
- Air Permits Division, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, P.O. Box 13087, Austin, TX 78711, USA;
| | - Yu-Chun Chung
- Center of General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Pei Yeh
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Chang Chen
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan; (P.-F.L.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Health, and Information Technology, College of Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-3386
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