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Werekuu A, Ayisi-Boateng NK, Tagoe N, Opoku DA, Barnie B, Twumasi GK, Boadu YT, So-Armah K, Tawiah P. KNUST aging and human immunodeficiency virus outcomes-Study protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307719. [PMID: 39150927 PMCID: PMC11329140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, 7 million people with HIV (PWH) aged over 50 years exist. 5 million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa, the epicenter of the HIV epidemic. In Ghana, every 1 in 6 PWH is aged over 50 years. However, access to geriatric health care is grossly limited in Ghana and the sub-Saharan Africa region. This has resulted in a lack of focus on geriatric syndromes, a multi-factorial clinical condition common in older PWH, that do not fit discrete disease categories. Consequently, this gap threatens the life expectancy for aging PWH, necessitating the need to promptly fill it. The KNUST Aging and HIV Outcomes (KAHO) study will help identify priorities and opportunities for developing an effective integrated model of HIV and geriatric healthcare in Ghana. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The KAHO study will recruit 151 PWH aged 50 years and older at the Infectious Disease Unit (IDU) of the University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). The study will be conducted over a 2-year period and participants will be seen at months 0, 6 and 12. Participants at each visit will be taken through assessments and questionnaires on geriatric health, cognition, social vulnerability, HIV-related conditions and they will provide biospecimens for laboratory testing. We will also conduct semi-structured qualitative interviews of PWH, healthcare providers, policy makers and study research assistants. Quantitative data will be analyzed using one sample proportion test and linear regression models appropriately. The Levesque's framework will be used as a guide to analyze qualitative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Werekuu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nadia Tagoe
- Office of Grants and Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Douglas Aninng Opoku
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bernard Barnie
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kaku So-Armah
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Phyllis Tawiah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Kastner M, Herrington I, Makarski J, Amog K, Bain T, Evangelista V, Hayden L, Gruber A, Sutherland J, Sirkin A, Perrier L, Graham ID, Greiver M, Honsberger J, Hynes M, Macfarlane C, Prasaud L, Sklar B, Twohig M, Liu B, Munce S, Marr S, O'Neill B, Papaioannou A, Seaton B, Straus SE, Dainty K, Holroyd-Leduc J. Interventions that have potential to help older adults living with social frailty: a systematic scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:521. [PMID: 38879489 PMCID: PMC11179268 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of social frailty on older adults is profound including mortality risk, functional decline, falls, and disability. However, effective strategies that respond to the needs of socially frail older adults are lacking and few studies have unpacked how social determinants operate or how interventions can be adapted during periods requiring social distancing and isolation such as the COVID-19 pandemic. To address these gaps, we conducted a scoping review using JBI methodology to identify interventions that have the best potential to help socially frail older adults (age ≥65 years). METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL (EPSCO), EMBASE and COVID-19 databases and the grey literature. Eligibility criteria were developed using the PICOS framework. Our results were summarized descriptively according to study, patient, intervention and outcome characteristics. Data synthesis involved charting and categorizing identified interventions using a social frailty framework. RESULTS: Of 263 included studies, we identified 495 interventions involving ~124,498 older adults who were mostly female. The largest proportion of older adults (40.5%) had a mean age range of 70-79 years. The 495 interventions were spread across four social frailty domains: social resource (40%), self-management (32%), social behavioural activity (28%), and general resource (0.4%). Of these, 189 interventions were effective for improving loneliness, social and health and wellbeing outcomes across psychological self-management, self-management education, leisure activity, physical activity, Information Communication Technology and socially assistive robot interventions. Sixty-three interventions were identified as feasible to be adapted during infectious disease outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, flu) to help socially frail older adults. CONCLUSIONS Our scoping review identified promising interventions with the best potential to help older adults living with social frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kastner
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Krystle Amog
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tejia Bain
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Leigh Hayden
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Gruber
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amy Sirkin
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laure Perrier
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Greiver
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mary Hynes
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Leela Prasaud
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Sklar
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margo Twohig
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Liu
- Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Munce
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Marr
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Braden O'Neill
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bianca Seaton
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie Dainty
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Leung DYL, Hwu H, Khan S, Mamuji A, Rozdilsky J, Chu T, Lee C. Understanding the Risk of Social Vulnerability for the Chinese Diaspora during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Model Driving Risk Perception and Threat Appraisal of Risk Communication-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:512. [PMID: 38673423 PMCID: PMC11050064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, immigrants were among the most socially vulnerable in Western countries. The Chinese diaspora in Canada were one such group due to the widespread cultural stigma surrounding their purported greater susceptibility to transmit and become infected by COVID-19. This paper aims to understand the social vulnerability of the Chinese diaspora in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, during the first wave of COVID-19 from an explanation of their risk perception and threat appraisal of risk communication. We conducted secondary data analysis of 36 interviews using critical realism. The participants self-identified as being of Chinese descent. The results were used to develop a model of how social vulnerability occurred. In brief, cognitive dissonance was discovered to generate conflicts of one's cultural identity, shaped by social structures of (i) stigma of contagion, (ii) ethnic stigma, and (iii) public sentiment, and mediated by participants' threat appraisal and (iv) self-reliance. We assert that risk communicators need to consider their audiences' diverse socialization in crafting messages to modify behaviors, create a sense of responsibility, and mitigate public health threats. A lack of awareness of one's cognitive dissonance driven by cultural vulnerability may heighten their social vulnerability and prevent them from taking action to protect themself from high-risk events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilary Hwu
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada; (H.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Shoilee Khan
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (S.K.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (T.C.)
| | - Aaida Mamuji
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (S.K.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (T.C.)
| | - Jack Rozdilsky
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (S.K.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (T.C.)
| | - Terri Chu
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (S.K.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (T.C.)
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada; (H.H.); (C.L.)
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Hanlon P, Wightman H, Politis M, Kirkpatrick S, Jones C, Andrew MK, Vetrano DL, Dent E, Hoogendijk EO. The relationship between frailty and social vulnerability: a systematic review. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e214-e226. [PMID: 38432249 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Both frailty (reduced physiological reserve) and social vulnerability (scarcity of adequate social connections, support, or interaction) become more common as people age and are associated with adverse consequences. Analyses of the relationships between these constructs can be limited by the wide range of measures used to assess them. In this systematic review, we synthesised 130 observational studies assessing the association between frailty and social vulnerability, the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between constructs, and their joint associations with adverse health outcomes. Frailty, across assessment type, was associated with increased loneliness and social isolation, perceived inadequacy of social support, and reduced social participation. Each of these social vulnerability components was also associated with more rapid progression of frailty and lower odds of improvement compared with the absence of that social vulnerability component (eg, more rapid frailty progression in people with social isolation vs those who were not socially isolated). Combinations of frailty and social vulnerability were associated with increased mortality, decline in physical function, and cognitive impairment. Clinical and public health measures targeting frailty or social vulnerability should, therefore, account for both frailty and social vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hanlon
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Heather Wightman
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marina Politis
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Caitlin Jones
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Melissa K Andrew
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Davide L Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontological Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elsa Dent
- Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emiel O Hoogendijk
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lim ML, Zammit C, Lewis E, Ee N, Maiden G, Goldwater M, Kimonis E, Kenning G, Rockwood K, Fitzgerald A, Radford K, Dodge H, Ward SA, Delbaere K, Peters R. A 10-week intergenerational program bringing together community-living older adults and preschool children (INTERACTION): a pilot feasibility non-randomised clinical trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:37. [PMID: 38383482 PMCID: PMC10880214 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation and low levels of physical activity are strong drivers for frailty, which is linked to poor health outcomes and transition to long-term care. Frailty is multifactorial, and thus an integrated approach is needed to maintain older adults' health and well-being. Intergenerational programs represent a novel multifactorial approach to target frailty, social isolation and physical decline but these have not yet been rigorously tested in Australia. Here, we present the results of our pilot study which aimed to test the feasibility of a 10-week intergenerational program between older adults and preschool children. METHODS A non-randomised wait-listed controlled trial was conducted. Participants were allocated to either the intervention or wait-list control group. The intervention group received 10 weekly 2-h intergenerational sessions led by trained child educators; the control group continued with their usual routine and received their intergenerational program after the 10-week control period. All participants were assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. The primary outcome was the feasibility and acceptability of the program including measures of recruitment eligibility, adherence and effective data collection across the multiple domains important for frailty, including functional mobility and balance, grip strength, cognitive function, mood, social engagement, quality of life and concerns about falling. RESULTS Nineteen adults were included, with nine in the intervention and ten in the control group. A total of 42% of older adults screened were eligible, 75% of participants were present at each intervention session and the overall attrition rate was 21% (n = 4). The reasons for participant absence were primarily health-related. Missing data was minimal for the majority of assessments but more apparent for the cognitive testing where completion rates ranged from 53 to 79% for baseline tests and 73 to 100% for those who received follow-up testing. CONCLUSIONS The high program compliance and low attrition show that a 10-week intergenerational program embedded in the local community, designed for community-living older adults and preschool children, is feasible and acceptable to older adults. Our next trial will test the efficacy of intergenerational programs in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Lim
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
- Neurology, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Christine Zammit
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ebony Lewis
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Ee
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Genevieve Maiden
- War Memorial Hospital, Uniting, South Eastern Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Eva Kimonis
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail Kenning
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- fEEL (felt Experience and Empathy Lab), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Anneke Fitzgerald
- Department of Business Strategy and Innovation, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Katrina Radford
- Department of Employment Relations and Human Resource Management, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Hiroko Dodge
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Ward
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim Delbaere
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruth Peters
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neurology, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
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Theou O, Haviva C, Wallace L, Searle SD, Rockwood K. How to construct a frailty index from an existing dataset in 10 steps. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad221. [PMID: 38124255 PMCID: PMC10733590 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frailty index is commonly used in research and clinical practice to quantify health. Using a health deficit accumulation model, a frailty index can be calculated retrospectively from data collected via survey, interview, performance test, laboratory report, clinical or administrative medical record, or any combination of these. Here, we offer a detailed 10-step approach to frailty index creation, with a worked example. METHODS We identified 10 steps to guide the creation of a valid and reliable frailty index. We then used data from waves 5 to 12 of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to illustrate the steps. RESULTS The 10 steps are as follows: (1) select every variable that measures a health problem; (2) exclude variables with more than 5% missing values; (3) recode the responses to 0 (no deficit) through 1 (deficit); (4) exclude variables when coded deficits are too rare (< 1%) or too common (> 80%); (5) screen the variables for association with age; (6) screen the variables for correlation with each other; (7) count the variables retained; (8) calculate the frailty index scores; (9) test the characteristics of the frailty index; (10) use the frailty index in analyses. In our worked example, we created a 61-item frailty index following these 10 steps. CONCLUSIONS This 10-step procedure can be used as a template to create one continuous health variable. The resulting high-information variable is suitable for use as an exposure, predictor or control variable, or an outcome measure of overall health and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Theou
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Clove Haviva
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Lindsay Wallace
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Samuel D Searle
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E1, Canada
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Silva ALDSE, Ottaviani AC, Orlandi FDS, Inouye K, Zazzetta MS, Pavarini SCI, dos Santos-Orlandi AA. Social support perceived by elderly people in social vulnerability according to family functionality: a cross-sectional study. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20220475. [PMID: 37947163 PMCID: PMC10642574 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0475en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the social support as perceived by elderly persons in a context of social vulnerability according to family functionality. METHOD A cross-sectional study using a quantitative approach, carried out in São Carlos-SP, with 123 elderly people living in a context of high social vulnerability. The sample was divided into two groups: good family functionality and moderate/severe family dysfunction. Data was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, family functionality (Family APGAR) and social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale). The Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's exact statistical tests were used. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between social support and family functionality (p < 0.05). The group with good family functionality obtained higher median social support scores: affective 100.00; material 95.00; information 90.00; emotional 90.00; positive social interaction 85.00; when compared to the group with moderate/severe family dysfunction: affective 86.67; material 87.50; information 70.00; emotional 65.00; positive social interaction 65.00. CONCLUSION Elderly persons living in dysfunctional families have less perceived social support when compared to those living in families with good family functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura de Souza e Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Enfermagem, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ottaviani
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Keika Inouye
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Mah JC, Penwarden JL, Pott H, Theou O, Andrew MK. Social vulnerability indices: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1253. [PMID: 37380956 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social vulnerability occurs when the disadvantage conveyed by poor social conditions determines the degree to which one's life and livelihood are at risk from a particular and identifiable event in health, nature, or society. A common way to estimate social vulnerability is through an index aggregating social factors. This scoping review broadly aimed to map the literature on social vulnerability indices. Our main objectives were to characterize social vulnerability indices, understand the composition of social vulnerability indices, and describe how these indices are utilized in the literature. METHODS A scoping review was conducted in six electronic databases to identify original research, published in English, French, Dutch, Spanish or Portuguese, and which addressed the development or use of a social vulnerability index (SVI). Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened and assessed for eligibility. Data were extracted on the indices and simple descriptive statistics and counts were used to produce a narrative summary. RESULTS In total, 292 studies were included, of which 126 studies came from environmental, climate change or disaster planning fields of study and 156 studies were from the fields of health or medicine. The mean number of items per index was 19 (SD 10.5) and the most common source of data was from censuses. There were 122 distinct items in the composition of these indices, categorized into 29 domains. The top three domains included in the SVIs were: at risk populations (e.g., % older adults, children or dependents), education, and socioeconomic status. SVIs were used to predict outcomes in 47.9% of studies, and rate of Covid-19 infection or mortality was the most common outcome measured. CONCLUSIONS We provide an overview of SVIs in the literature up to December 2021, providing a novel summary of commonly used variables for social vulnerability indices. We also demonstrate that SVIs are commonly used in several fields of research, especially since 2010. Whether in the field of disaster planning, environmental science or health sciences, the SVIs are composed of similar items and domains. SVIs can be used to predict diverse outcomes, with implications for future use as tools in interdisciplinary collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Cassy Mah
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Jodie Lynn Penwarden
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Henrique Pott
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Olga Theou
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Díaz-Del Cerro E, Félix J, De la Fuente M. [Touch, a crucial sense in social interactions to improve homeostasis in aging and promote healthy longevity]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2023; 58:161-166. [PMID: 37085344 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the generalized deterioration of the organism, being of great relevance experienced by homeostatic systems such as the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Among the lifestyle strategies that have been researched to improve these systems and achieve greater healthy longevity, this review will focus on the social environment. In order to verify the effectiveness of these both in the improvement of homeostasis and in life expectancy, the research carried out with experimental animals that have allowed this to be done will be discussed. In addition, as it has been observed that physical contact is crucial for the positive outcomes of social interaction on homeostatic systems and longevity to occur, we will focus on that mechanism, as well as some of the possible molecular pathways underlying the effects found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología (Unidad de Fisiología Animal). Facultad de Ciencias biológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Instituto de investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Judith Félix
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología (Unidad de Fisiología Animal). Facultad de Ciencias biológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Instituto de investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología (Unidad de Fisiología Animal). Facultad de Ciencias biológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Instituto de investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) de Madrid, Madrid, España.
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Cianciara D, Lewtak K, Poznańska A, Piotrowicz M, Gajewska M, Urban E, Sugay L, Rutyna A. Participation in Population Health Interventions by Older Adults in Poland: Barriers and Enablers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2284. [PMID: 36767650 PMCID: PMC9915132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The participation of older adults in population health interventions constitutes a key factor in their physical, mental and social health. The aim of this study was to determine variables considered as enablers and barriers to participation in health programmes. METHODS The conceptual framework of the study was developed and population health interventions were operationalised as health programmes. A total of 805 older adults participated in a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic, health and social connectedness-related factors as well as participation in population health interventions/programmes. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between respondents' characteristics and participation in the intervention. RESULTS Participation in health programmes was declared by 316 respondents. The enablers of participation were general practitioner's affability (OR = 2.638 [1.453-4.791], p = 0.001), three or more social activities (OR = 3.415 [1.477-7.894], p = 0.004), taking part in support groups (OR = 4.743 [1.255-17.929], p = 0.022) and involvement in Universities of the Third Age (OR = 2.829 [1.093-7.327], p = 0.032). The barriers were primary education (OR = 0.385 [0.215-0.690], p = 0.001), infrequent general practitioner's appointments (OR = 0.500 [0.281-0.888], p = 0.018) and lack of social activity (OR = 0.455 [0.299-0.632], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The enablers of participation appeared to solely include variables regarding health service utilisation, patient experience and social activity, i.e., interpersonal and community relationships, not intrapersonal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Cianciara
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lewtak
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Poznańska
- Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Piotrowicz
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Urban
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Larysa Sugay
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rutyna
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
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Sheth S, Cogle CR. Home Modifications for Older Adults: A Systematic Review. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:1151-1164. [PMID: 36655622 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231151669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While ≧10,000 Americans turn 65 years old every day, only 10% of American homes are "aging ready." Unsafe homes can exacerbate disability, lead to falls, and increase the likelihood of hospitalization. With increased investments in home and community-based services, public health stakeholders are considering home modifications to promote successful aging. While several home modification models exist, there is significant heterogeneity between models and no consensus on critical features. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were reviewed and twelve randomized controlled trials of home modifications for older adults were identified and evaluated for model structure, reported outcomes, and risk of bias. Overall, occupational therapist-driven home modifications supplemented with clinical, physical activity, and/or behavioral components saw the greatest success. This systematic review discusses the components of these models, highlights particularly effective and frequently used features, and the practice and research needed to create effective next-generation home modification models which promote healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum Sheth
- College of Medicine, 12233University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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