1
|
Wu J, Ma Y, Chen Y. Extracellular vesicles and COPD: foe or friend? J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 37147634 PMCID: PMC10161449 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation. The complex biological processes of COPD include protein hydrolysis tissue remodeling, innate immune inflammation, disturbed host-pathogen response, abnormal cellular phenotype conversion, and cellular senescence. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) (including apoptotic vesicles, microvesicles and exosomes), are released by almost all cell types and can be found in a variety of body fluids including blood, sputum and urine. EVs are key mediators in cell-cell communication and can be used by using their bioactive substances (DNA, RNA, miRNA, proteins and other metabolites) to enable cells in adjacent and distant tissues to perform a wide variety of functions, which in turn affect the physiological and pathological functions of the body. Thus, EVs is expected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD, which in turn affects its acute exacerbations and may serve as a diagnostic marker for it. Furthermore, recent therapeutic approaches and advances have introduced EVs into the treatment of COPD, such as the modification of EVs into novel drug delivery vehicles. Here, we discuss the role of EVs from cells of different origins in the pathogenesis of COPD and explore their possible use as biomarkers in diagnosis, and finally describe their role in therapy and future prospects for their application. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han Y, Wu Z, Zhao Q, Jiang B, Miao X, Lu X, Qian H, Niu M. Association Between Anthropometric Indices and Skeletal-Muscle Atrophy in Chinese Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:2529-2539. [PMID: 36254164 PMCID: PMC9569238 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s373880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anthropometric indices are simple indicators of patient nutritional status. However, the association between these indices and skeletal-muscle atrophy in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluated this association. Patients and Methods We recruited 123 outpatients with stable COPD from a general hospital in China from 2020 to 2021. We recorded their demographic characteristics, including age, sex, course of illness, dyspnea score, body mass index (BMI), force expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), smoking status, and severity grading. In addition, patients' anthropometric indices, including fat-free mass index (FFMI) and appendicular skeletal-muscle mass index (ASMI), were measured using a body composition analyzer, and measurements were taken of the triceps skinfold (TSF), midarm circumference (MAC), and calf circumference (CC). We drew and analyzed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify the best intercept point value for the assessment of skeletal-muscle atrophy. Results The TSF, MAC, CC, FFMI, and ASMI of COPD patients were 1.08 ± 0.44 cm, 26.39 ± 2.92 cm, 34.5 ± 3.06 cm, 17.49 ± 1.86 kg/m2, and 8.17 ± 0.90 kg/m2, respectively. These anthropometric indices had a significant positive correlation with skeletal-muscle mass (correlation values, 0.481-0.820). CC was strongly correlated with both FFMI and ASMI. The ROC curve showed an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.873-0.959. Conclusion Anthropometric indices were correlated with skeletal-muscle mass. CC showed the best diagnostic value in COPD patients, suggesting its effectiveness as a simple method for assessing skeletal-muscle atrophy and identifying patients with a noticeable reduction in muscle mass. Such patients require early, multidisciplinary intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolang Miao
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangmin Lu
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongying Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meie Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Meie Niu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188th, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13812671786, Email
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma Y, Liu X, Luo L, Li H, Zeng Z, Chen Y. Effect of pirfenidone protecting against cigarette smoke
extract induced apoptosis. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:24. [PMID: 35291559 PMCID: PMC8886422 DOI: 10.18332/tid/146169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apoptosis of lung structural cells is a significant upstream event involved in COPD pathogenesis. This study was designed to explore whether pirfenidone (PFD) was able to attenuate apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). METHODS A method of intraperitoneal CSE injection to BALB/C mice was used to establish emphysema mouse model. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTPnick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was applied to evaluate apoptotic cell ratio in mouse lung tissue. The cell viability of HBECs exposed to different concentrations of PFD was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The apoptosis index (AI) of HBECs was tested by flow cytometry. Levels of apoptosis-related protein were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS PFD treatment significantly decreased the AI value in emphysema mouse lung tissue by TUNEL. In HBECs, flow cytometry showed that PFD could significantly reduce AI led by CSE. Both in vitro and in vivo, protein levels of Bax and Cleaved-caspase 3 in CSE group significantly increased in contrast with the control group; while Bcl-2 protein level in CSE group was significantly decreased; moreover, PFD significantly reversed protein level changes of Bcl-2, Bax, and Cleaved-caspase 3 led by CSE. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that PFD may potentially protect against CSE induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangming Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Herui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihang Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma Y, He X, Liu X, Long Y, Chen Y. Endothelial Microparticles Derived from Primary Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells Mediate Lung Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Transferring microRNA-126. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1399-1411. [PMID: 35250291 PMCID: PMC8896043 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s349818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to new types of intercellular communication media, and microRNA is one of the most common transferring components of EVs. This study aimed to explore the potential role of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) derived from primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in regulating lung inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through transferring microRNA-126 (miR-126). Methods EMPs generated from primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were isolated by gradient centrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blotting. EMPs were treated to in vitro and in vivo COPD models induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). miR-126 mimics or inhibitors were transfected into EMPs by calcium chloride. Pathological changes of lung tissue, mRNA and protein levels of inflammation-related factors were measured to explore the effect of EMPs transferring miR-126 on CSE-induced inflammation. Results Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that mRNA and protein levels of inflammation-related factors were significantly increased in COPD group, while EMPs could dramatically reverse these increases. In vitro, overexpression of miR-126 in EMPs decreased HMGB1 expression and magnified the decreasing effect of EMPs on inflammation-related factors. Conclusion The present study reveals that EMPs are capable of alleviating lung inflammation and transferring miR-126 can magnify the anti-inflammatory effect of EMPs, which may provide a novel therapeutic alternative for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjiao Long
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yan Chen; Yingjiao Long, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mo R, Zhang J, Chen Y, Ding Y. Nicotine promotes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via inducing pyroptosis activation in bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:92. [PMID: 35059736 PMCID: PMC8809053 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is one of the primary components in cigarettes, which is responsible for addiction. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of nicotine on pulmonary disease. The health of epithelial cells is important in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accumulating evidence has suggested that epithelial cell death may initiate or contribute to the progression of a number of lung diseases via airway remodeling. Pyroptosis is a unique form of inflammatory cell death mediated by the activation of caspase‑1 and the NOD‑like receptor protein‑3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The present study aimed to evaluate whether pyroptosis of epithelial cells was involved in the progression of COPD. The normal human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE was treated with 0.1 or 1 µM nicotine. Then the proliferation ability of 16HBE cells was detected by CCK‑8. Cell death was detected by flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assay. Subsequently, the levels of pro‑caspase 1, caspase 1, IL‑1β, IL‑18, NLRP3, ASC and cleaved GSDMD were examined by western blotting. It was revealed that nicotine treatment significantly induced cell death and suppressed proliferation of 16HBE cells. Furthermore, nicotine exposure increased the expression levels of caspase‑1, IL‑1β, IL‑18, NLRP3, apoptosis‑associated speck‑like protein and gasdermin D in 16HBE cells. Therefore, the present study concluded that nicotine treatment induced pyroptosis in 16HBE cells, which may be associated with the progression of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Mo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Ding
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suzuki R, Kamio N, Kaneko T, Yonehara Y, Imai K. Fusobacterium nucleatum exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in elastase-induced emphysematous mice. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:638-648. [PMID: 35034433 PMCID: PMC8886332 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with disease progression and increased mortality. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for exacerbation of COPD, but little is known about the role of periodontopathic bacteria in this process. Here, we investigated the effects of intratracheal administration of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a periodontopathic bacteria species, on COPD exacerbation in elastase‐induced emphysematous mice. The administration of F. nucleatum to elastase‐treated mice enhanced inflammatory responses, production of alveolar wall destruction factors, progression of emphysema, and recruitment of mucin, all of which are symptoms observed in patients with COPD exacerbation. Hence, we propose that F. nucleatum may play a role in exacerbation of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Suzuki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kamio
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Kaneko
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yonehara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Trivedi A, Bade G, Madan K, Ahmed Bhat M, Guleria R, Talwar A. Effect of Smoking and Its Cessation on the Transcript Profile of Peripheral Monocytes in COPD Patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:65-77. [PMID: 35027824 PMCID: PMC8749770 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s337635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Smoking is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, only 10–20% of smokers develop the disease suggesting possible genomic association in the causation of the disease. In the present study, we aimed to explore the whole genome transcriptomics of blood monocytes from COPD smokers (COPD-S), COPD Ex-smokers (COPD-ExS), Control smokers (CS), and Control Never-smokers (CNS) to understand the differential effects of smoking, COPD and that of smoking cessation. Methods Exploratory analyses in form of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical component analysis (uHCA) were performed to evaluate the similarity in gene expression patterns, while differential expression analyses of different supervised groups of smokers and never smokers were performed to study the differential effect of smoking, COPD and smoking cessation. Differentially expressed genes among groups were subjected to post-hoc enrichment analysis. Candidate genes were subjected to external validation by quantitative RT-PCR experiments. Results CNS made a cluster completely segregated from the other three subgroups (CS, COPDS and COPD-ExS). About 550, 8 and 5 genes showed differential expression, respectively, between CNS and CS, between CS and COPD-S, and between COPD-S and COPD-ExS. Apoptosis, immune response, cell adhesion, and inflammation were the top process networks identified in enrichment analysis. Two candidate genes (CASP9 and TNFRSF1A) found to be integral to several pathways in enrichment analysis were validated in an external validation experiment. Conclusion Control never smokers had formed a cluster distinctively separated from all smokers (COPDS, COPD-ExS, and CS), while amongst all smokers, control smokers had aggregated in a separate cluster. Smoking cessation appeared beneficial if started at an early stage as many genes altered due to smoking started reverting towards the baseline, whereas only a few COPD-related genes showed reversal after smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Trivedi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetanjali Bade
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Muzaffer Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Talwar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Differences in the Levels of Oxidative Status Marker and Soluble CD95 in Patients with Moderate to Severe COPD during an Exacerbation and a Stable Period. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2105406. [PMID: 34925689 PMCID: PMC8677381 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studying the features of changes in markers of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation indicators in COPD patients depending on the degree of bronchial obstruction is one of the priority directions for improving the prognosis and monitoring of the course of this pathology. We conducted a comparative investigation of changes in markers of OS and apoptosis at the systemic and local levels in patients with moderate to severe COPD during exacerbation and stable phase. 105 patients with COPD aged 46-67 and 21 healthy nonsmoking volunteers comparable in age were examined. COPD patients were divided into four groups: moderate COPD (GOLDII) during the exacerbation (GOLDIIex,
) and in the stable phase (GOLDIIst,
), severe COPD (GOLDIII) during the exacerbation (GOLDIIIex,
), and in the stable phase (GOLDIIIst,
). We studied the levels of such lipid peroxidation (LPO) products as diene conjugates (DC) and Schiff bases (SB) and parameters of induced chemiluminescence (Imax, total light sum-S, Imax/S) in blood serum, as well as sCD95 concentration in blood and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The relationship between the values of the OS system indicators with sCD95, as well as with the parameters of lung function, was investigated. Multidirectional changes in OS indicator levels in COPD patients depending on the severity of obstructive airway disorders have been established. The maximum values of DC (
), Imax (
RLU), and Imax/S (
) were typical for patients with moderate COPD, while the highest SB level (
RU) was observed in severe COPD during an exacerbation. The exacerbation of the disease was characterized by an increase in DC concentration in both GOLDIIex (
RU) and GOLDIIIex (
RU) compared to the stable moderate and severe COPD (
RU and
RU, respectively,
). The established decrease in high values of DC, Imax, Imax/S, and sCD95 and an increase in SB concentration in GOLD III can serve as quantitative indicators of the prognosis of the severity of the disease. The serum concentration of sCD95 in GOLDIIex (
U/ml) and GOLDIIst (
U/ml) did not differ from the control group (
U/ml,
). In patients with
during the exacerbation and stable phase, the serum levels of Imax/S (
and
) and sCD95 (
U/ml and
U/ml) were lower than the values of healthy volunteers (
and
U/ml, respectively,
). A positive correlation between sCD95 concentration and airway obstruction degree in all examined COPD patients was established. The revealed numerous associations between sCD95 and OS marker levels in GOLDIII indicate a relationship between systemic radical stress and apoptosis processes both in the respiratory tract and the whole body under conditions of severe inflammation. The established correlations between the values of DC, Imax, and sCD95 in the blood serum and the lung function parameters in all studied patients allow us to consider these indicators as additional prognostic indicators of disease intensification. Our work results help clarify the participation and detail of FRO and apoptosis processes in developing pathophysiological features in moderate to severe COPD in different periods and, accordingly, improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Brito A, Santos T, Herculano K, Miranda M, Sá AK, Carvalho JL, Albertini R, Castro-Faria-Neto H, Ligeiro-de-Oliveira AP, Aimbire F. The MAPKinase Signaling and the Stimulatory Protein-1 (Sp1) Transcription Factor Are Involved in the Phototherapy Effect on Cytokines Secretion from Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Stimulated with Cigarette Smoke Extract. Inflammation 2021; 44:1643-1661. [PMID: 33730343 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the phototherapy effect with low-level laser on human bronchial epithelial cells activated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Phototherapy has been reported to actuate positively for controlling the generation/release of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory mediators from different cellular type activated by distinct stimuli. It is not known whether the IL-8 and IL-10 release from CSE-stimulated human bronchial epithelium (BEAS) cells can be influenced by phototherapy. Human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS) line was cultured in a medium with CSE and irradiated (660 nm) at 9 J. Apoptosis index was standardized with Annexin V and the cellular viability was evaluated by MTT. IL-8, IL-10, cAMP, and NF-κB were measured by ELISA as well as the Sp1, JNK, ERK1/2, and p38MAPK. Phototherapy effect was studied in the presence of mithramycin or the inhibitors of JNK or ERK. The IL-8, cAMP, NF-κB, JNK, p38, and ERK1/2 were downregulated by phototherapy. Both the JNK and the ERK inhibitors potentiated the phototherapy effect on IL-8 as well as on cAMP secretion from BEAS. On the contrary, IL-10 and Sp1 were upregulated by phototherapy. The mithramycin blocked the phototherapy effect on IL-10. The results suggest that phototherapy has a dual effect on BEAS cells because it downregulates the IL-8 secretion by interfering with CSE-mediated signaling pathways, and oppositely upregulates the IL-10 secretion through of Sp1 transcription factor. The manuscript provides evidence that the phototherapy can interfere with MAPK signaling via cAMP in order to attenuate the IL-8 secretion from CSE-stimulated BEAS. In addition, the present study showed that phototherapy effect is driven to downregulation of the both the IL-8 and the ROS secretion and at the same time the upregulation of IL-10 secretion. Besides it, the increase of Sp-1 transcription factor was crucial for laser effect in upregulating the IL-10 secretion. The dexamethasone corticoid produces a significant inhibitory effect on IL-8 as well as ROS secretion, but on the other hand, the corticoid blocked the IL-10 secretion. Taking it into consideration, it is reasonable to suggest that the beneficial effect of laser therapy on lung diseases involves its action on unbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators secreted by human bronchial epithelial cells through different signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Brito
- Pos-graduation in Biophotonic, University Nove de Julho - Uninove, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Santos
- Pos-graduation in Biophotonic, University Nove de Julho - Uninove, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Herculano
- Pos-graduation in Biophotonic, University Nove de Julho - Uninove, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Miranda
- Pos-graduation in Biophotonic, University Nove de Julho - Uninove, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A K Sá
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, no. 330 - Vila Nair, CEP: 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Carvalho
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, no. 330 - Vila Nair, CEP: 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Albertini
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, no. 330 - Vila Nair, CEP: 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FioCruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A P Ligeiro-de-Oliveira
- Pos-graduation in Biophotonic, University Nove de Julho - Uninove, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Aimbire
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, no. 330 - Vila Nair, CEP: 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mjid M, Snène H, Hedhli A, Cheikh Rouhou S, Toujani S, Dhahri B. COPD patients' body composition and its impact on lung function. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2021; 99:285-290. [PMID: 33899200 PMCID: PMC8636975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite fat-free mass index (FFMI) is one of the strongest predictive factors of survival during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a considerable lack of information regarding body composition in Tunisian patients with COPD. Aim: Describe the body composition of Tunisian patients followed for COPD and examine the relationship between body composition and the severity of the disease. METHODS Cross-sectional study of patients with stable COPD. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) included spirometry with plethysmography and the six-minute walking test. The severity of dyspnea was assessed by the mMRC scale. RESULTS During the study period, 104 patients with stable COPD were included (average age= 65.9 years and average FEV1= 49.3%). Fifty-four percent of patients were GOLD D stage. According to the IMM, malnutrition was identified in 20.2% of cases. Patients with low FFMI were the most symptomatic, had a more severe air flow limitation and a more severe disease. The walking distance was lower in malnourished patients. However, FFMI was not significantly associated with exercise capacity. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is highly prevalent in COPD patients and is correlated to the severity of the disease. Thus, body composition analysis should be considered in COPD patient management.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hattori N, Nakagawa T, Yoneda M, Nakagawa K, Hayashida H, Ito T. Cigarette smoke, but not novel tobacco vapor products, causes epigenetic disruption and cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100865. [PMID: 33294641 PMCID: PMC7691555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) products, generating vapor without combusting tobacco leaves, have been developed with the expectation that the number and quantity of chemicals in the vapor of these products would be reduced compared with the smoke from conventional combustible cigarettes. However, whether the lower chemical levels correlate with lower toxicity remains to be determined. Here we examined differences in the biological effects of conventional cigarette smoke (CS) and two HNB products, Ploom TECH and Ploom TECH+, using the cultured cancer cell line A549 and the normal bronchial epithelium cell line BEAS-2B. The conventional CS 3R4F extract (0.5%) markedly decreased cell proliferation of both A549 and BEAS-2B cells; however, 0.5% extracts of these commercially available HNB products did not affect cell growth. To determine the cause of decreased cell proliferation, a TUNEL assay was performed, and the results indicated that apoptosis had occurred in both A549 and BEAS-2B cells at 24 h after exposure to 3R4F. To further explore the effect of CS on epigenetics, we performed western blotting to detect histone H2A phosphorylation, which is known to affect transcriptional regulation. Only the 3R4F extract decreased histone H2A phosphorylation in both A549 and BEAS-2B cells. Next, we examined alterations in gene expression after treatment of A549 cells with Ploom TECH, Ploom TECH+, or 3R4F extracts. It was found that 339, 107, and 103 genes were upregulated more than 2 fold in A549 cells treated with 3R4F, Ploom TECH, or Ploom TECH + extracts, respectively. Among the 339 genes that were upregulated in response to 3R4F, we focused on EGR1, FOS, and FOSB, since they were upregulated more than 100 fold, which was confirmed using RT-qPCR. These results suggest that CS, but not HNB products, cause epigenetic disruption and cell apoptosis, possibly by elevating transcription of genes such as EGR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hattori
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeya Nakagawa
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakagawa
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hayashida
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adini A, Wu H, Dao DT, Ko VH, Yu LJ, Pan A, Puder M, Mitiku SZ, Potla R, Chen H, Rice JM, Matthews BD. PR1P Stabilizes VEGF and Upregulates Its Signaling to Reduce Elastase-induced Murine Emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:452-463. [PMID: 32663413 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0434oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is a progressive and fatal lung disease with no cure that is characterized by thinning, enlargement, and destruction of alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange. Disease progression is due in part to dysregulation of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) signaling in the lungs and increased lung-cell apoptosis. Here we asked whether PR1P (Prominin-1-derived peptide), a novel short peptide we designed that increases VEGF binding to endothelial cells, could be used to improve outcome in in vitro and in vivo models of emphysema. We used computer simulation and in vitro and in vivo studies to show that PR1P upregulated endogenous VEGF receptor-2 signaling by binding VEGF and preventing its proteolytic degradation. In so doing, PR1P mitigated toxin-induced lung-cell apoptosis, including from cigarette-smoke extract in vitro and from LPS in vivo in mice. Remarkably, inhaled PR1P led to significantly increased VEGF concentrations in murine lungs within 30 minutes that remained greater than twofold above that of control animals 24 hours later. Finally, inhaled PR1P reduced acute lung injury in 4- and 21-day elastase-induced murine emphysema models. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of PR1P as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of emphysema or other lung diseases characterized by VEGF signaling dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avner Adini
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - Duy T Dao
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - Victoria H Ko
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - Lumeng J Yu
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - Selome Z Mitiku
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ratnakar Potla
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - James M Rice
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Surgery, and
| | - Benjamin D Matthews
- Vascular Biology Program.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen W, Weng Z, Fan M, Wang S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Tian H, Wang X, Wu X, Yang X, Wei W, Yuan K. Mechanisms by Which the MBD2/miR-301a-5p/CXCL12/CXCR4 Pathway Regulates Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2561-2572. [PMID: 33116473 PMCID: PMC7585268 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s261522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible expiratory airflow obstruction, and its chronic course is worsened by recurrent acute exacerbations. Our previous microarray assay identified microRNA (miR)-301a-5p as being associated with progression of acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD); however, the mechanism underlying COPD pathogenesis remains unknown. Methods Samples of serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy control subjects and patients with stable COPD (R-COPD) or with an acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD). Human HULEC-5a and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were transfected with methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), sh-MBD2, miR-301a-5p mimics or an inhibitor, and then stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Conditioned medium co-culture assays were performed by adding the supernatant of medium derived from HULEC-5a cells transfected with miR-301a-5p mimics or inhibitor into wells containing si-c-x-c motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-transfected-lung fibroblasts or human leukemic THP-1 cell line macrophages. Transwell assays were performed to analyze cell migration. Results Our analysis of clinical samples showed that decreased miR-301a-5p levels in patients with AE-COPD were positively correlated with levels of MBD2 expression, but negatively correlated with levels of chemokine ligand C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) expression. MBD2 overexpression significantly promoted miR-301a-5p production, but suppressed CXCL12 production in HULEC-5a and HBE cells. CXCL12 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-301a-5p. CXCR4 knockdown significantly enhanced the suppressive effect of miR-301a-5p mimics and attenuated the promotional effects of the miR-301a-5p inhibitor on the migration of circulating fibroblasts and macrophages, as well as the expression levels of phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MEK) and phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT). Conclusion In summary, the MBD2/miR-301a-5p/CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway was shown to affect the migration of lung fibroblasts and monocyte-derived macrophages, which may play an important role during COPD exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyin Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minjuan Fan
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shukun Wang
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Tian
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifen Yuan
- Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seimetz M, Sommer N, Bednorz M, Pak O, Veith C, Hadzic S, Gredic M, Parajuli N, Kojonazarov B, Kraut S, Wilhelm J, Knoepp F, Henneke I, Pichl A, Kanbagli ZI, Scheibe S, Fysikopoulos A, Wu CY, Klepetko W, Jaksch P, Eichstaedt C, Grünig E, Hinderhofer K, Geiszt M, Müller N, Rezende F, Buchmann G, Wittig I, Hecker M, Hecker A, Padberg W, Dorfmüller P, Gattenlöhner S, Vogelmeier CF, Günther A, Karnati S, Baumgart-Vogt E, Schermuly RT, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Schröder K, Grimminger F, Brandes RP, Weissmann N. NADPH oxidase subunit NOXO1 is a target for emphysema treatment in COPD. Nat Metab 2020; 2:532-546. [PMID: 32694733 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and death worldwide. Peroxynitrite, formed from nitric oxide, which is derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase, and superoxide, has been implicated in the development of emphysema, but the source of the superoxide was hitherto not characterized. Here, we identify the non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (NOXO1) as the superoxide source and an essential driver of smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension development in mice. NOXO1 is consistently upregulated in two models of lung emphysema, Cybb (also known as NADPH oxidase 2, Nox2)-knockout mice and wild-type mice with tobacco-smoke-induced emphysema, and in human COPD. Noxo1-knockout mice are protected against tobacco-smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension and emphysema. Quantification of superoxide, nitrotyrosine and multiple NOXO1-dependent signalling pathways confirm that peroxynitrite formation from nitric oxide and superoxide is a driver of lung emphysema. Our results suggest that NOXO1 may have potential as a therapeutic target in emphysema.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/drug effects
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Emphysema/drug therapy
- Emphysema/etiology
- Emphysema/genetics
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Peroxynitrous Acid/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seimetz
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Mariola Bednorz
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Veith
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hadzic
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Marija Gredic
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Nirmal Parajuli
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Division of Basic Biomedical Science, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Kraut
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fenja Knoepp
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Henneke
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Pichl
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Zeki I Kanbagli
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susan Scheibe
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Athanasios Fysikopoulos
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Eichstaedt
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hinderhofer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Niklas Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Flavia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Giulia Buchmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics Group, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hecker
- Department of Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Winfried Padberg
- Department of Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Department of Pathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, German Center for Lung Research, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Werner Seeger
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van Eeden SF, Hogg JC. Immune-Modulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Current Concepts and Future Strategies. Respiration 2019; 99:550-565. [PMID: 31480060 DOI: 10.1159/000502261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by the chronic inhalation of toxic particles and gases that are primarily but not exclusively derived from cigarette smoke that may be either actively or passively inhaled, which initiates a persistent innate and adaptive immune response in the lung. This immune response is associated with an aberrant tissue repair and remodeling process that results in varying degrees of chronic inflammation with excess production of mucus in the central airways and permanent destruction of the smaller conducting airways and gas exchanging surface in the peripheral lung. Currently, the primary aims of treatment in COPD are bronchodilation (inhaled short- and long-acting β-agonist and antimuscarinic therapies), to control symptoms and nonspecific broad-acting anti-inflammatory agents (inhaled and oral corticosteroids, phosphor-di-esterase inhibitors, and macrolides). That provide symptomatic relief but have little or no impact on either disease progression or mortality. As our understanding of the immune pathogenesis of the COPD improves, available immune modulation therapies have the potential to alter or interfere with damaging immune pathways, thereby slowing relentless progression of lung tissue destruction. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss our current understanding of the immune pathogenesis of both the airways and parenchymal injury as well as the dysfunctional tissue repair process to propose immune modulating interventions in an attempt to stabilize or return these pathological changes to their normal state. The ultimate goal of the immune modulation therapy is to improve both morbidity and mortality associated with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F van Eeden
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, .,Pacific Lung Health Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
| | - James C Hogg
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wunnapuk K, Pothirat C, Manokeaw S, Phetsuk N, Chaiwong W, Phuackchantuck R, Prapamontol T. PM 10-related DNA damage, cytokinetic defects, and cell death in COPD patients from Chiang Dao district, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:25326-25340. [PMID: 31254199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to PM10 generated by biomass burning may reduce lung function and induce cytogenetic effects, especially in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. This study investigated the frequency of DNA-damaged cells, cells with cytokinetic defect, and different types of cell death using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay. The correlations between each biomarker and lung function were investigated. The changes in these biomarkers associated with high pollutant levels (PM10 > 50 μg/m3) and low pollutant levels (PM10 < 50 μg/m3) were evaluated to explore whether PM10 exposure induced genotoxic damages and cytokinetic defects in COPD patients when the daily average PM10 concentration reached above 50 μg/m3. Fifty-eight COPD patients and 26 healthy subjects living in Chiang Dao district, Chiang Mai, Thailand, were recruited in this study. The results revealed that buccal cells with micronuclei (high vs low 1.09 ± 1.95 vs 0.29 ± 0.64 in COPD patients) and binucleated cells (high vs low 11.43 ± 18.68 vs 1.60 ± 1.31 and 7.77 ± 12.76 vs 1.00 ± 1.17 in COPD and healthy subjects, respectively) observed during the high pollutant period were more frequent than in the low pollutant period. Moreover, exposure to PM10 increased the risk of micronucleus induction in COPD patients 295.23-fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klintean Wunnapuk
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaicharn Pothirat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chang Wat, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Siriphorn Manokeaw
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Phetsuk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chang Wat, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Warawut Chaiwong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chang Wat, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Rochana Phuackchantuck
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kruk DMLW, Heijink IH, Slebos DJ, Timens W, Ten Hacken NH. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Regenerate Emphysema: On the Horizon? Respiration 2018; 96:148-158. [PMID: 29719298 DOI: 10.1159/000488149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that play a pivotal role in various phases of lung development and lung homeostasis, and potentially also lung regeneration. MSCs do not only self-renew and differentiate into renew tissues, but also have anti-inflammatory and paracrine properties to reduce damage and to support tissue regeneration, constituting a promising cell-based treatment strategy for the repair of damaged alveolar tissue in emphysema. This review discusses the current state of the art regarding the potential of MSCs for the treatment of emphysema. The optimism regarding this treatment strategy is supported by promising results from animal models. Still, there are considerable challenges before effective stem cell treatment can be realized in emphysema patients. It is difficult to draw definitive conclusions from the available animal studies, as different models, dosage protocols, administration routes, and sources of MSCs have been used with different measures of effectiveness. Moreover, the regrowth potential of differentiated tissues and organs differs between species. Essential questions about MSC engraftment, retention, and survival have not been sufficiently addressed in a systematic manner. Few human studies have investigated MSC treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, demonstrating short-term safety but no convincing benefits on clinical outcomes. Possible explanations for the lack of beneficial effects on clinical outcomes could be the source (bone marrow), route, dosage, frequency of administration, and delivery (lack of a bioactive scaffold). This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the (pre)clinical studies on MSC effects in emphysema and discuss the current challenges regarding the optimal use of MSCs for cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M L W Kruk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick H Ten Hacken
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zeng Z, Li M, Chen J, Li Q, Ning Q, Zhao J, Xu Y, Xie J, Yu J. Reduced MBD2 expression enhances airway inflammation in bronchial epithelium in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018. [PMID: 29535511 PMCID: PMC5836663 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s148595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common inflammatory lung disease characterized by inflammatory cells activation and production of inflammatory mediators. Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) plays an important role in diverse immunological disorders by regulating immune cell functions, such as differentiation and mediator secretion. However, the role of MBD2 in COPD remains unknown. Methods MBD2 protein expression in lung tissues of patients with COPD and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The role of MBD2 in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induction of inflammatory mediator expression in the human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line was assessed by silencing MBD2 expression in vitro. The involvement of signaling pathways in mediation of inflammation was tested with signaling inhibitors. Results Compared with controls, MBD2 expression was distinctly reduced in the bronchial epithelium of both patients with COPD and CS-exposed mice. Moreover, MBD2 expression was decreased in HBE after CSE stimulation in vitro. Moreover, MBD2 knockdown enhanced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression in HBE in the presence and absence of CSE treatment by the ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion MBD2 protein expression was reduced in the airway epithelium of COPD. In HBE, this reduced expression was associated with increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 mediated by the ERK pathway. These results suggest that MBD2 could contribute to chronic airway inflammation in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease.,Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease
| | - Jinkun Chen
- Acadia Junior High School, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Qinghai Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Haw TJ, Starkey MR, Pavlidis S, Fricker M, Arthurs AL, Nair PM, Liu G, Hanish I, Kim RY, Foster PS, Horvat JC, Adcock IM, Hansbro PM. Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 have opposing roles in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L298-L317. [PMID: 29025711 PMCID: PMC5866502 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00154.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of morbidity and death and imposes major socioeconomic burdens globally. It is a progressive and disabling condition that severely impairs breathing and lung function. There is a lack of effective treatments for COPD, which is a direct consequence of the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in driving the pathogenesis of the disease. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are implicated in chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of COPD are controversial and conflicting evidence exists. In the current study, we investigated the role of TLR2 and TLR4 using a model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced experimental COPD that recapitulates the hallmark features of human disease. TLR2, TLR4, and associated coreceptor mRNA expression was increased in the airways in both experimental and human COPD. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, CS-induced pulmonary inflammation was unaltered in TLR2-deficient ( Tlr2-/-) and TLR4-deficient ( Tlr4-/-) mice. CS-induced airway fibrosis, characterized by increased collagen deposition around small airways, was not altered in Tlr2-/- mice but was attenuated in Tlr4-/- mice compared with CS-exposed WT controls. However, Tlr2-/- mice had increased CS-induced emphysema-like alveolar enlargement, apoptosis, and impaired lung function, while these features were reduced in Tlr4-/- mice compared with CS-exposed WT controls. Taken together, these data highlight the complex roles of TLRs in the pathogenesis of COPD and suggest that activation of TLR2 and/or inhibition of TLR4 may be novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Grow Up Well, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Stelios Pavlidis
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Fricker
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Anya L Arthurs
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Prema M Nair
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Irwan Hanish
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ju J. An Increased Proportion of Apoptosis in CD4⁺ T Lymphocytes Isolated from the Peripheral Blood in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2018; 81:132-137. [PMID: 29372631 PMCID: PMC5874142 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes inflammation, oxidative stress, an imbalance of proteases and antiproteases and apoptosis which has been focused on lately. Abnormal apoptotic events have been demonstrated in both epithelial and endothelial cells, as well as in inflammatory cells including neutrophils and lymphocytes in the lungs of COPD patients. An increased propensity of activated T lymphocytes to undergo apoptosis has been observed in the peripheral blood of COPD patients. Therefore, the apoptosis of T lymphocytes without activating them was investigated in this study. METHODS Twelve control subjects, 21 stable COPD patients and 15 exacerbated COPD patients were recruited in the study. The T lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood using magnetically activated cell sorting. Apoptosis of the T lymphocytes was assessed with flow cytometry using Annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D. Apoptosis of T lymphocytes at 24 hours after the cell culture was measured so that the T lymphocyte apoptosis among the control and the COPD patients could be compared. RESULTS Stable COPD patients had increased rates of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis at 24 hours after the cell culture, more than the CD4⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis which appeared in the control group, while the COPD patients with acute exacerbation had an amplified response of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis as well as of CD8⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis at 24 hours after the cell culture. CONCLUSION Stable COPD patients have more apoptosis of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, which can be associated with the pathophysiology of COPD in stable conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyung Ju
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou X, Yi D, Wu Y, Pei X, Yu H, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Li W. Expression of diaphragmatic myostatin and correlation with apoptosis in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2295-2300. [PMID: 29456636 PMCID: PMC5795556 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and loss of lung function. The present study aimed to investigate the diaphragmatic protein expression of myostatin and its correlation with apoptosis in a rat model of CPOD. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and a COPD group, the latter of which were exposed to cigarette smoke to build a rat model of COPD. The validity of the COPD model was evaluated by assessment of lung function and histopathological analysis. Diaphragmatic myostatin expression and apoptosis were measured by western blot and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling, respectively. The rat model of COPD was efficiently established by cigarette smoke exposure. Diaphragmatic myostatin expression and apoptotic index in COPD rats were obviously increased as compared with that in the control animals. A positive correlation between diaphragmatic myostatin expression and apoptotic index was identified (r=0.857). Diaphragmatic myostatin overexpression in rats with COPD may promote diaphragmatic apoptosis and atrophy, leading to diaphragm weakness and respiratory muscle dysfunction, which is involved in the pathology of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Daijiao Yi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Pei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Wenpu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Strulovici-Barel Y, Shaykhiev R, Salit J, Deeb RS, Krause A, Kaner RJ, Vincent TL, Agosto-Perez F, Wang G, Hollmann C, Shanmugam V, Almulla AM, Sattar H, Mahmoud M, Mezey JG, Gross SS, Staudt MR, Walters MS, Crystal RG. Pulmonary Abnormalities in Young, Light-Use Waterpipe (Hookah) Smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:587-95. [PMID: 27007171 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2470oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Waterpipes, also called hookahs, are currently used by millions of people worldwide. Despite the increasing use of waterpipe smoking, there is limited data on the health effects of waterpipe smoking and there are no federal regulations regarding its use. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of waterpipe smoking on the human lung using clinical and biological parameters in young, light-use waterpipe smokers. METHODS We assessed young, light-use, waterpipe-only smokers in comparison with lifelong nonsmokers using clinical parameters of cough and sputum scores, lung function, and chest high-resolution computed tomography as well as biological parameters of lung epithelial lining fluid metabolome, small airway epithelial (SAE) cell differential and transcriptome, alveolar macrophage transcriptome, and plasma apoptotic endothelial cell microparticles. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared with nonsmokers, waterpipe smokers had more cough and sputum as well as a lower lung diffusing capacity, abnormal epithelial lining fluid metabolome profile, increased proportions of SAE secretory and intermediate cells, reduced proportions of SAE ciliated and basal cells, markedly abnormal SAE and alveolar macrophage transcriptomes, and elevated levels of apoptotic endothelial cell microparticles. CONCLUSIONS Young, light-use, waterpipe-only smokers have a variety of abnormalities in multiple lung-related biological and clinical parameters, suggesting that even limited waterpipe use has broad consequences on human lung biology and health. We suggest that large epidemiological studies should be initiated to investigate the harmful effects of waterpipe smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert J Kaner
- 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.,2 Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hisham Sattar
- 4 Pulmonary Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mai Mahmoud
- 3 Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and
| | | | - Steven S Gross
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nam HS, Izumchenko E, Dasgupta S, Hoque MO. Mitochondria in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: where are we now? Biomark Med 2017; 11:475-489. [PMID: 28598223 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in mitochondrial biogenesis have provided the emerging recognition that mitochondria do much more than 'simply providing energy for cellular function'. Currently, a constantly improving understanding of the mitochondrial structure and function has been providing valuable insights into the contribution of defects in mitochondrial metabolism to various human diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. The growing interest in mitochondria research led to development of new biomedical fields in the two main smoking-related lung diseases. However, there is considerable paucity in our understanding of mechanisms by which mitochondrial dynamics regulate lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and non-small-cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Seong Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, South Korea
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Mohammad O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghosh A, Nethery RC, Herring AH, Tarran R. Flavored little cigar smoke induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in airway epithelia. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17019. [PMID: 28496992 PMCID: PMC5402522 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of flavors reduces the harsh taste of tobacco, facilitating the initiation and maintenance of addiction among youths. Flavored cigarettes (except menthol) are now banned. However, the legislation on little cigars remains unclear and flavored little cigars are currently available for purchase. Since inhaled tobacco smoke directly exerts toxic effects on the lungs, we tested whether non-flavored and flavored little cigar smoke exposure had the potential for harm in cultured pulmonary epithelia. We cultured Calu-3 lung epithelia on both 96-well plates and at the air–liquid interface and exposed them to smoke from non-flavored Swisher Sweets and flavored (sweet cherry, grape, menthol, peach and strawberry) Swisher Sweets little cigars. Irrespective of flavor, acute little cigar smoke exposure (10×35 ml puffs) significantly increased cell death and decreased the percentage of live cells. Chronic exposure (10×35 ml puffs per day for 4 days) of smoke to Calu-3 cultures significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase release, further indicating toxicity. To determine whether this exposure was associated with increased cell death/apoptosis, a protein array was used. Chronic exposure to smoke from all types of little cigars induced the activation of the two major apoptosis pathways, namely the intrinsic (mitochondrial-mediated) and the extrinsic (death receptor-mediated) pathways. Both flavored and non-flavored little cigar smoke caused similar levels of toxicity and activation of apoptosis, suggesting that flavored and non-flavored little cigars are equally harmful. Hence, the manufacture, advertisement, sale and use of both non-flavored and flavored little cigars should be strictly controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vasil'eva IN, Bespalov VG. [Plasma low-molecular-weight DNA in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2017; 89:24-28. [PMID: 28378725 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201789324-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine plasma extracellular low-molecular-weight DNA (elmwDNA) as an indicator of apoptosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in remission versus healthy donors, patients with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CNOB), and their first-degree relatives (FDRs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The investigation recruited 110 participants, including 17 healthy donors, 31 patients with COPD, and 20 patients with CNOB in remission, 19 healthy FDRs of patients with COPD, and 23 healthy FDRs of those with SNOB. The plasma levels of elmwDNA were determined in the study participants. Nucleic acids were isolated by phenol/chloroform extraction, precipitated with ethanol, and treated with RNase; elmwDNA was analyzed by electrophoresis. RESULTS In patients with COPD, the mean level of elmwDNA was 7.8±2.0 ng/ml, which was 3.9 and 3.0 times statistically significantly lower than that in healthy donors and patients with SNOB, respectively; while the level of elmwDNA in the latter did not differ statistically significantly from that in healthy donors. In both the blood relatives of patients with COPD and FDRs of those with SNOB, the mean level of elmwDNA was not significantly different from that in healthy donors. The content of elmwDNA tended to increase in COPD patients aged 60-80 years as compared to those aged 45-59 years; that in both age groups was, however, significantly lower than in healthy donors of the same age. CONCLUSION The level of elmwDNA in plasma and, accordingly, apoptosis in the lung are reduced in patients with COPD in remission, whereas that is unchanged in those with SNOB. In patients with COPD, blood elmwDNA release is unrelated to heredity and varies little with age. The determination of elmwDNA is recommended for use in patients with COPD to assess apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I N Vasil'eva
- N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; International Research Center 'Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium', University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - V G Bespalov
- N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; International Research Center 'Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium', University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Uribe Echevarría L, Leimgruber C, García González J, Nevado A, Álvarez R, García LN, Quintar AA, Maldonado CA. Evidence of eosinophil extracellular trap cell death in COPD: does it represent the trigger that switches on the disease? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:885-896. [PMID: 28352169 PMCID: PMC5359000 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the numerous studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the cellular and molecular basis of the disease’s development remain unclear. Neutrophils and eosinophils are known to be key players in COPD. Recently, neutrophil extracellular trap cell death (NETosis), a mechanism due to decondensation and extrusion of chromatin to form extracellular traps, has been demonstrated in COPD. However, there is limited knowledge about eosinophil extracellular trap cell death (EETosis) and its role in the pathogenesis of COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate EETosis in stable COPD. Induced sputum obtained from healthy smokers and low exacerbation risk COPD A or B group patients or high exacerbation risk COPD C or D group patients were included. Samples were examined using electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Healthy smokers (n=10) and COPD A (n=19) group exhibited neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic phenotypes, with NETosis being absent in these patients. In contrast, COPD B (n=29), with eosinophilic or mixed phenotypes, showed EETosis and incipient NETosis. COPD C (n=18) and COPD D groups (n=13) were differentiated from low exacerbation rate-COPD group by the abundant cellular debris, with COPD C group having an eosinophilic pattern and numerous cells undergoing EETosis. A hallmark of this group was the abundant released membranes that often appeared phagocytosed by neutrophils, which coincidentally exhibited early NETosis changes. The COPD D group included patients with a neutrophilic or mixed pattern, with abundant neutrophil extracellular trap-derived material. This study is the first to demonstrate EETosis at different stages of stable COPD. The results suggest a role for eosinophils in COPD pathophysiology, especially at the beginning and during the persistence of the disease, regardless of whether the patient quit smoking, with EETosis debris probably triggering uncontrolled NETosis. The main target of these findings should be young smokers with the potential to develop COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Leimgruber
- Electronic Microscopy Center, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Alberto Nevado
- Pneumonology Service, Sanatorio Allende (Nueva Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruth Álvarez
- Smoking Cessation Cente, Nuevo Hospital San Roque of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana N García
- Electronic Microscopy Center, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Amado A Quintar
- Electronic Microscopy Center, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina A Maldonado
- Electronic Microscopy Center, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Green CE, Turner AM. The role of the endothelium in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Res 2017; 18:20. [PMID: 28100233 PMCID: PMC5241996 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD and asthma are important chronic inflammatory disorders with a high associated morbidity. Much research has concentrated on the role of inflammatory cells, such as the neutrophil, in these diseases, but relatively little focus has been given to the endothelial tissue, through which inflammatory cells must transmigrate to reach the lung parenchyma and cause damage. There is evidence that there is an abnormal amount of endothelial tissue in COPD and asthma and that this tissue and its’ progenitor cells behave in a dysfunctional manner. This article reviews the evidence of the involvement of pulmonary endothelium in COPD and asthma and potential treatment options for this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara E Green
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Alice M Turner
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Strulovici-Barel Y, Staudt MR, Krause A, Gordon C, Tilley AE, Harvey BG, Kaner RJ, Hollmann C, Mezey JG, Bitter H, Pillai SG, Hilton H, Wolff G, Stevenson CS, Visvanathan S, Fine JS, Crystal RG. Persistence of circulating endothelial microparticles in COPD despite smoking cessation. Thorax 2016; 71:1137-1144. [PMID: 27462120 PMCID: PMC5536242 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence links COPD pathogenesis with pulmonary capillary apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that plasma levels of circulating microparticles released from endothelial cells (EMPs) due to apoptosis are elevated in smokers with normal spirometry but low diffusion capacity, that is, with early evidence of lung destruction. We hypothesised that pulmonary capillary apoptosis persists with the development of COPD and assessed its reversibility in healthy smokers and COPD smokers following smoking cessation. METHODS Pulmonary function and high-resolution CT (HRCT) were assessed in 28 non-smokers, 61 healthy smokers and 49 COPD smokers; 17 healthy smokers and 18 COPD smokers quit smoking for 12 months following the baseline visit. Total EMP (CD42b-CD31+), pulmonary capillary EMP (CD42b-CD31+ACE+) and apoptotic EMP (CD42b-CD62E+/CD42b-CD31+) levels were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with non-smokers, healthy smokers and COPD smokers had elevated levels of circulating EMPs due to active pulmonary capillary endothelial apoptosis. Levels remained elevated over 12 months in healthy smokers and COPD smokers who continued smoking, but returned to non-smoker levels in healthy smokers who quit. In contrast, levels remained significantly abnormal in COPD smokers who quit. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary capillary apoptosis is reversible in healthy smokers who quit, but continues to play a role in COPD pathogenesis in smokers who progressed to airflow obstruction despite smoking cessation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00974064; NCT01776398.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Strulovici-Barel
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Michelle R Staudt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Anja Krause
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Cynthia Gordon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Ann E Tilley
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Ben-Gary Harvey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Charleen Hollmann
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hans Bitter
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Novartis
| | | | - Holly Hilton
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- PPD Labs
| | - Gerhard Wolff
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc
| | | | - Sudha Visvanathan
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals
| | - Jay S Fine
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shanmugam L, Ravinder SS, Johnson P, Padmavathi R, Rajagopalan B, Kindo AJ. Assessment of phagocytic activity of neutrophils in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung India 2015; 32:437-40. [PMID: 26628755 PMCID: PMC4586995 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.164159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Background/Need of Study: There is a paucity of data in relation to phagocytic function in COPD. By this multidisciplinary study, a better understanding about the etiology of lung destruction among COPD patients is being sought. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 28 subjects with COPD and 25 controls in a private tertiary hospital in Chennai after obtaining Institutional Ethical Clearance. Known cases of COPD as proven by clinical findings and spirometry were included in the study, and subjects with any other source of infection, recent surgery, or chronic granulomatous disease were excluded. The study subjects were divided into three groups based on the severity of COPD as determined by spirometry, and healthy volunteers were taken as Group 4. After obtaining informed consent, validated respiratory health questionnaire was administered. The phagocytic function was assessed by Candida phagocytic test and Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) Reduction Test. Results: Significantly impaired phagocytic function as indicated by lower phagocytic, lytic indices and decreased NBT reduction of neutrophils was seen in COPD subjects compared to normal healthy controls (P < .001). Conclusion: This study showed that there is phagocytic dysfunction in COPD subjects when compared with normal subjects. This could be due to underlying inflammation in human airway. Understanding the role of neutrophils may lead to improved understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD, which in turn may pave way for implementing modified therapeutic intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Shanmugam
- Department of Physiology, Melmaruvathur Adiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sheela Ravinder
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priscilla Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Padmavathi
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Rajagopalan
- Department of Chest and TB, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anupma Jyoti Kindo
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee KH, Lee CH, Jeong J, Jang AH, Yoo CG. Neutrophil Elastase Differentially Regulates Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Production by Cigarette Smoke Extract. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26453303 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663567)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation by IL-8-induced neutrophil recruitment and apoptosis of epithelial cells by decreased expression of VEGF have been suggested as one of the complicated pathogenic mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The role of neutrophil elastase (NE) in the development of COPD is also well known. However, little is known about how they interact. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of NE on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced IL-8 and VEGF production and its molecular mechanism in bronchial epithelial cells. CSE increased both IL-8 and VEGF production in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Although NE significantly enhanced CSE-induced IL-8 production, it suppressed VEGF production. This differential regulation was not CSE-specific. The effect of NE on IL-8 production, but not VEGF, was ERK-dependent. Interestingly, in contrast to decreased VEGF protein expression, NE accelerated VEGF transcription by CSE, suggesting post-translational modification. When cells were incubated with purified NE, it was detected in the cytoplasm, suggesting the intracellular translocation of NE. Furthermore, NE fragmented recombinant human VEGF in vitro but not recombinant human IL-8. These results indicate that VEGF down-regulation is due to direct degradation by NE, which is translocated into cells. Similar to in vitro cell experiments, elastase treatment increased CSE-induced IL-8; however, it suppressed VEGF production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of CSE-treated mice. Moreover, elastase treatment enhanced CSE-induced emphysema in mice. Considering the actions of IL-8 and VEGF, our results suggest that NE contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD by enhancing inflammation and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hee Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jiyeong Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - An-Hee Jang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee KH, Lee CH, Jeong J, Jang AH, Yoo CG. Neutrophil Elastase Differentially Regulates Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Production by Cigarette Smoke Extract. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28438-28445. [PMID: 26453303 PMCID: PMC4653700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation by IL-8-induced neutrophil recruitment and apoptosis of epithelial cells by decreased expression of VEGF have been suggested as one of the complicated pathogenic mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The role of neutrophil elastase (NE) in the development of COPD is also well known. However, little is known about how they interact. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of NE on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced IL-8 and VEGF production and its molecular mechanism in bronchial epithelial cells. CSE increased both IL-8 and VEGF production in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Although NE significantly enhanced CSE-induced IL-8 production, it suppressed VEGF production. This differential regulation was not CSE-specific. The effect of NE on IL-8 production, but not VEGF, was ERK-dependent. Interestingly, in contrast to decreased VEGF protein expression, NE accelerated VEGF transcription by CSE, suggesting post-translational modification. When cells were incubated with purified NE, it was detected in the cytoplasm, suggesting the intracellular translocation of NE. Furthermore, NE fragmented recombinant human VEGF in vitro but not recombinant human IL-8. These results indicate that VEGF down-regulation is due to direct degradation by NE, which is translocated into cells. Similar to in vitro cell experiments, elastase treatment increased CSE-induced IL-8; however, it suppressed VEGF production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of CSE-treated mice. Moreover, elastase treatment enhanced CSE-induced emphysema in mice. Considering the actions of IL-8 and VEGF, our results suggest that NE contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD by enhancing inflammation and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hee Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jiyeong Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - An-Hee Jang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nording ML, Yang J, Hoang L, Zamora V, Uyeminami D, Espiritu I, Pinkerton KE, Hammock BD, Luria A. Bioactive lipid profiling reveals drug target engagement of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor in a murine model of tobacco smoke exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1. [PMID: 27076918 DOI: 10.7243/2059-0008-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be caused by tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. Previous studies show that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) possess promising anti-inflammatory properties, therefore stabilization of EETs and other fatty acid epoxides through inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was investigated in mouse models of acute and sub-chronic inflammation caused by TS exposure. During the entire TS exposure, the potent sEH inhibitor 1-(1-methylsulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-urea (TUPS) was given via drinking water. To assess drug target engagement of TUPS, a tandem mass spectrometry method was used for bioactive lipid profiling of a broad range of fatty acid metabolites, including EETs, and their corresponding diols (DHETs) derived from arachidonic acid, as well as epoxides and diols derived from other fatty acids. Several, but not all, plasma epoxide/diol ratios increased in mice treated with sEH inhibitor, compared to non-treated mice suggesting a wider role for sEH involving more fatty acid precursors besides arachidonic acid. This study supports qualitative use of epoxide/diol ratios explored by bioactive lipid profiling to indicate drug target engagement in mouse models of TS exposure relevant to COPD, which may have ramifications for future therapeutic interventions of sEH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin L Nording
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California - Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California - Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laura Hoang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California - Davis, Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vanessa Zamora
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California - Davis, Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dale Uyeminami
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California - Davis, Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Imelda Espiritu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California - Davis, Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California - Davis, Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California - Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ayala Luria
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California - Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, PAVIR and Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li C, Yang X, Feng J, Lei P, Wang Y. Proinflammatory and prothrombotic status in emphysematous rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:374-383. [PMID: 25755725 PMCID: PMC4348870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an "overlap syndrome (OS)" rat model by intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure on the base of pre-existing emphysema, and to explore whether "OS" exposure results in more severe systemic inflammation, and whether the inflammation changes levels of coagulant/anticoagulant factors and oxidative stress status. METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were put into 4 groups: Control group; IH group, IH exposure; Emphysema group, smoke exposure; Overlap group, smoke exposure and IH exposure. We obtained peripheral blood for apoptosis of CD3(+)CD4(+), CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes and neutrophils, and for endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and coagulant/anticoagulant factors [antithrombin (AT), fibrinogen (FIB), Factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWF)] were evaluated. We also obtained tissue blocks of lung, liver, pancreas, and right carotid artery for pathologic scoring and measurements of liver oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration]. RESULTS The levels of TNF-α and IL-6, CD3(+)CD4(+) T lymphocyte apoptosis, EPC counts, coagulant factors and MDA are the highest in Overlap group, the lowest in Control group, when the levels of neutrophil apoptosis, CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocyte apoptosis, AT, SOD and CAT are the lowest in Overlap group, the highest in Control group (all P values < 0.05). CONCLUSION In model animals, when IH is combined with emphysema, there will be a more severe or an "overlapped" systemic/multiple organic inflammation, oxidative stress and hyper-coagulability. And the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic status resulted from "OS" exposure may elicit a robust EPC mobilization, which needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caili Li
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, China
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle ParkNC 27709, USA
| | - Ping Lei
- Departmen of Geriatric, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052, China
| | - Yubao Wang
- Infective Disease Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, 300211, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang X, Li W, Huang K, Kang X, Li Z, Yang C, Wu X, Chen L. Genetic variants in ADAM33 are associated with airway inflammation and lung function in COPD. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:173. [PMID: 25369941 PMCID: PMC4228268 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play a role in the development and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathogenesis of COPD is a multifactorial process including an inflammatory cell profile. Recent studies revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within ADAM33 increased the susceptibility to COPD through changing the airway inflammatory process and lung function. METHODS In this paper, we investigated associations of four polymorphisms (T1, T2, S2 and Q-1) of ADAM33 as well as their haplotypes with pulmonary function and airway inflammatory process in an East Asian population of patients with COPD. RESULTS We found that T1, T2 and Q-1 were significantly associated with the changes of pulmonary function and components of cells in sputum of COPD, and T1 and Q-1 were significantly associated with cytokines and mediators of inflammation in airway of COPD in recessive models. 10 haplotypes were significantly associated with transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide in the disease state, 4 haplotypes were significantly associated with forced expiratory volume in one second, and other haplotypes were associated with airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed for the first time that ADAM33 was involved in the pathogenesis of COPD by affecting airway inflammation and immune response in an East Asian population. Our results made the genetic background of COPD, a common and disabling disease, more apparent, which would supply genetic support for the study of the mechanism, classification and treatment for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Respiratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Antoniou KM, Walsh SL, Hansell DM, Rubens MR, Marten K, Tennant R, Hansel T, Desai SR, Siafakas NM, du Bois RM, Wells AU. Smoking-related emphysema is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid lung. Respirology 2014; 18:1191-6. [PMID: 23819865 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A combined pulmonary fibrosis/emphysema syndrome has been proposed, but the basis for this syndrome is currently uncertain. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid lung (rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD)), and to compare the morphological features of lung fibrosis between smokers and non-smokers. METHODS Using high-resolution computed tomography, the prevalence of emphysema and the pack-year smoking histories associated with emphysema were compared between current/ex-smokers with IPF (n = 186) or RA-ILD (n = 46), and non-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) controls (n = 103) and COPD controls (n = 34). The coarseness of fibrosis was compared between smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS Emphysema, present in 66/186 (35%) patients with IPF and 22/46 (48%) smokers with RA-ILD, was associated with lower pack-year smoking histories than in control groups (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). The presence of emphysema in IPF was positively linked to the pack-year smoking history (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.06, P < 0.0005). In IPF, fibrosis was coarser in smokers than in non-smokers on univariate and multivariate analysis (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). In RA-ILD, fibrosis was coarser in patients with emphysema but did not differ significantly between smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS In IPF and RA-ILD, a high prevalence of concurrent emphysema, in association with low pack-year smoking histories, and an association between coarser pulmonary fibrosis and a history of smoking in IPF together provide support for possible pathogenetic linkage to smoking in both diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu H, Ding L, Zhang Y, Ni S. Circulating endothelial microparticles involved in lung function decline in a rat exposed in cigarette smoke maybe from apoptotic pulmonary capillary endothelial cells. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:649-55. [PMID: 24976986 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.06.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of endothelial microparticles (EMPs), small membrane vesicles, shed from activated or apoptotic endothelial cells are elevated in patients with COPD and in smokers with normal lung function. Whether plasma EMPs levels are elevated in a rat exposed in cigarette smoke, whether the elevated EMPs derived from pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis, and the relationship between EMP and lung function are obscure. METHODS All 60 wister rats were divided into six groups, three groups of ten rats were exposed to cigarette smoke of ten non-filter cigarettes per day, 5 days a week, using a standard smoking machine (Beijing BeiLanBo Company, China) for a period of 2, 4 and 6 months (n=10, respectively). Age-matched three control groups were sham-smoked. Pulmonary function parameters, including the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 0.3 second over forced vital capacity (FEV0.3/FVC) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn), were tested at the end of each period (2, 4, 6 months). Blood samples were collected and platelet-free plasma was isolated. Then CD42b-/CD31+ EMPs were analysed by flow cytometry. In parallel, lungs were removed and Colocalization with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), Hoeschts and CD31 was performed to evaluate pulmonary capillaries-specific apoptosis and identify the origins of the EMPs. RESULTS At 2, 4 and 6 months, in comparison with control groups, rats in cigarette smoke exposed groups had a significant increase in CD42b-/CD31+ EMPs (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively), and Pulmonary function indicated that FEV0.3/FVC (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01, respectively) and Cdyn (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.001 respectively) decreased. At the same time, CD42b-/CD31+ EMP counts were negatively correlated with Cdyn (P<0.05). Moreover, in vivo, TUNEL-positive cells co-localized with CD31 in whole lung tissue demonstrated a sequence of apoptosis signal in the cigarette smoke exposed groups. CONCLUSIONS CD42b-/CD31+ EMPs may be a potential biomarker for indicating the severity of impairment of pulmonary function in the rats exposed cigarette smoke. The increased EMPs may derive from pulmonary capillaries-specific apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guan XJ, Song L, Han FF, Cui ZL, Chen X, Guo XJ, Xu WG. Mesenchymal stem cells protect cigarette smoke-damaged lung and pulmonary function partly via VEGF-VEGF receptors. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:323-35. [PMID: 22949406 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Progressive pulmonary inflammation and emphysema have been implicated in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while current pharmacological treatments are not effective. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been identified as one such possible strategy for treatment of lung diseases including acute lung injury (ALI) and pulmonary fibrosis. However, their role in COPD still requires further investigation. The aim of this study is to test the effect of administration of rat MSCs (rMSCs) on emphysema and pulmonary function. To accomplish this study, the rats were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 11 weeks, followed by administration of rMSCs into the lungs. Here we show that rMSCs infusion mediates a down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IL-6) and proteases (MMP9 and MMP12) in lung, an up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2, and transforming growth factor (TGFβ-1), while reducing pulmonary cell apoptosis. More importantly, rMSCs administration improves emphysema and destructive pulmonary function induced by CS exposure. In vitro co-culture system study of human umbilical endothelial vein cells (EA.hy926) and human MSCs (hMSCs) provides the evidence that hMSCs mediates an anti-apoptosis effect, which partly depends on an up-regulation of VEGF. These findings suggest that MSCs have a therapeutic potential in emphysematous rats by suppressing the inflammatory response, excessive protease expression, and cell apoptosis, as well as up-regulating VEGF, VEGF receptor 2, and TGFβ-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sohal SS, Reid D, Soltani A, Weston S, Muller HK, Wood-Baker R, Walters EH. Changes in airway histone deacetylase2 in smokers and COPD with inhaled corticosteroids: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64833. [PMID: 23717666 PMCID: PMC3661479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of HDAC2 is reported as reduced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed HDAC2 expression within the airways of smokers and subjects with COPD and effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), using immuno-histology to contrast with previous molecular methodology. Endobronchial biopsies (ebb) from current smokers with COPD (COPD-CS; n = 15), ex-smokers with COPD (COPD-ES; n = 17), smokers with normal lung function (NS; n = 16) and normal controls (NC; n = 9) were immunostained for HDAC2. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled 6 months intervention study assessed effects of ICS on HDAC2 in 34 COPD subjects. There was no difference in epithelial HDAC2 staining in all groups. There was a significant reduction in total cell numbers in the lamina propria (LP) in COPD-CS and NS (p<0.05). LP cellularity correlated inversely with smoking history in COPD-CS (R = −0.8, p<0.003). HDAC2 expression increased markedly in NS (p<0.001); in contrast COPD-CS was associated with suppressed signal (p<0.03), while normal in COPD-ES. ICS did not affect HDAC2 cell staining. Our findings suggest that airway HDAC2 expression is increased in the LP by smoking itself, but is reduced in COPD. Ex-smokers have normalised HDAC2 cell expression, but ICS had no effect. The paper emphasise the pit-falls of relying on molecular data alone to define airway changes. Clinical Trial Registration Information: Name of registry The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) Registry number ACTRN12612001111864
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Breathe Well Centre for Research Excellence in Chronic Respiratory Disease, University of Tasmania School of Medicine, Hobart, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang J, He J, Xia J, Chen Z, Chen X. Delayed apoptosis by neutrophils from COPD patients is associated with altered Bak, Bcl-xl, and Mcl-1 mRNA expression. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:65. [PMID: 22686245 PMCID: PMC3488503 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed neutrophil apoptosis may be an important factor in the persistent inflammation associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bcl-2 family proteins are important regulators of neutrophil apoptosis. We determined the mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic Bak and anti-aptototic Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 members of the Bcl-2 family in unstimulated peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with mild to moderate COPD and compared these to neutrophils from healthy controls. Methods Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood samples of 47 COPD patients (smokers: N = 24) and 47 healthy controls (smokers: N = 24). Percentages of apoptotic cells were determined at 4, 24, and 36 h for unstimulated neutrophils cultured in vitro. Neutrophil mRNA expression of Bak, Bcl-xl, and Mcl-1 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). FEV1 (% predicted) and FVC were determined by spirometry and correlations between mRNA levels and lung function parameters were determined. Results The percentages of apoptotic cells among unstimulated neutrophils from COPD patients were significantly lower compared to cells from controls after 4, 24, and 36 h in culture; smoking history had only a minimal effect on these differences. Unstimulated neutrophils from COPD patients had significantly lower Bak mRNA expression and higher expressions of Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 mRNA than cells from healthy controls. Again, smoking history had only a minimal effect on these trends. Bak mRNA expression was significantly positively correlated with both % predicted FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC ratio, while Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 mRNA expressions were significantly negatively correlated with %predicted FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Conclusions The genes for pro-apoptotic Bak, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 may be important in regulating the delayed neutrophil apoptosis observed in COPD, which may contribute to COPD pathogenesis. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1605269445677066
Collapse
|
40
|
Zarzecki M, Adamczak M, Wystrychowski A, Gross ML, Ritz E, Wiecek A. Exposure of Pregnant Rats to Cigarette-Smoke Condensate Causes Glomerular Abnormalities in Offspring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 36:162-71. [DOI: 10.1159/000341489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
41
|
Gordon C, Gudi K, Krause A, Sackrowitz R, Harvey BG, Strulovici-Barel Y, Mezey JG, Crystal RG. Circulating endothelial microparticles as a measure of early lung destruction in cigarette smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:224-32. [PMID: 21471087 PMCID: PMC3172886 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201012-2061oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE There is increasing evidence that emphysema is associated with primary loss of pulmonary capillary endothelium. Plasma levels of endothelial microparticles (EMPs), small vesicles released from activated or apoptotic endothelial cells, are elevated in vascular-related disorders. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether plasma EMP levels are elevated in smokers with early lung destruction as assessed by normal spirometry but reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dl(co)). METHODS Lung health was assessed by pulmonary function tests (PFTs: spirometry, total lung capacity, Dl(co)) and chest X-ray; smoking status was assessed by urine nicotine and cotinine. EMP levels (CD42b(-)CD31(+) microparticles) were quantified as activated or apoptotic. The initial cohort (n = 92) included healthy nonsmokers (normal PFTs), healthy smokers (normal PFTs), and smokers with early evidence of lung destruction (normal spirometry, low Dl(co)). Two prospective cohorts were then tested: a group similar to the initial cohort and an HIV1(+) cohort. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Healthy smokers had mildly increased levels of EMPs. Strikingly, 95% of smokers with normal spirometry, low Dl(co) had increased EMPs, with reduced CD62(+)/CD31(+) ratios (P < 10(-4)) and elevated CD42b(-)CD31(+) annexin V(+) EMPs (P < 10(-4)), suggesting derivation from endothelial apoptosis. Most elevated EMPs were angiotensin-converting enzyme positive, suggesting derivation from pulmonary capillaries. Both prospective cohorts confirmed the initial cohort data. CONCLUSIONS Plasma EMPs with apoptotic characteristics are elevated in smokers with normal spirometry but reduced Dl(co), consistent with the concept that emphysema is associated, in part, with capillary endothelium apoptosis, suggesting that the early development of emphysema might be monitored with plasma EMP levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Gordon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pastukh VM, Zhang L, Ruchko MV, Gorodnya O, Bardwell GC, Tuder RM, Gillespie MN. Oxidative DNA damage in lung tissue from patients with COPD is clustered in functionally significant sequences. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2011; 6:209-17. [PMID: 21660298 PMCID: PMC3107697 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s15922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue from COPD patients displays oxidative DNA damage. The present study determined whether oxidative DNA damage was randomly distributed or whether it was localized in specific sequences in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. The DNA damage-specific histone, gamma-H2AX, was detected immunohistochemically in alveolar wall cells in lung tissue from COPD patients but not control subjects. A PCR-based method was used to search for oxidized purine base products in selected 200 bp sequences in promoters and coding regions of the VEGF, TGF-β1, HO-1, Egr1, and β-actin genes while quantitative Southern blot analysis was used to detect oxidative damage to the mitochondrial genome in lung tissue from control subjects and COPD patients. Among the nuclear genes examined, oxidative damage was detected in only 1 sequence in lung tissue from COPD patients: the hypoxic response element (HRE) of the VEGF promoter. The content of VEGF mRNA also was reduced in COPD lung tissue. Mitochondrial DNA content was unaltered in COPD lung tissue, but there was a substantial increase in mitochondrial DNA strand breaks and/or abasic sites. These findings show that oxidative DNA damage in COPD lungs is prominent in the HRE of the VEGF promoter and in the mitochondrial genome and raise the intriguing possibility that genome and sequence-specific oxidative DNA damage could contribute to transcriptional dysregulation and cell fate decisions in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor M Pastukh
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wen Y, Reid DW, Zhang D, Ward C, Wood-Baker R, Walters EH. Assessment of airway inflammation using sputum, BAL, and endobronchial biopsies in current and ex-smokers with established COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2010; 5:327-34. [PMID: 21037956 PMCID: PMC2962298 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s11343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Smoking effects on physiological and gross pathology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are relatively well described. However, there is little known in COPD about the detailed interrelationships between lung function and inflammatory profiles in different airway compartments from the same individual and whether airway inflammation in these different compartments differs in ex- and current smokers with established COPD. OBJECTIVES We compared sputum, bronchoalveolar (BAL), and airway wall inflammatory profiles in current versus ex-smokers and related this to smoking intensity and lung function in 17 current and 17 ex-smokers with mild to moderate COPD. RESULTS Current smokers had more sputum mast cells (% differential and absolute numbers), whereas ex-smokers had increased sputum neutrophils. In BAL, there was a significant increase in eosinophils in current smokers, but ex-smokers had significantly increased neutrophils, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells. There were no cell profile differences observed in airway biopsies between current and ex-smokers and there were no correlations between the individual inflammatory cell populations in any of the airway compartments. In current smokers only, smoking intensity was negatively correlated with lung function, and associated with a reduction in overall cellularity of both sputum and BAL. CONCLUSION Airway inflammation persists in ex-smokers with COPD, but differs from COPD current smokers. The impact of smoking appears to vary in different airway compartments and any direct relationships between cellularity and lung function tended to be negative, ie, worse lung function indicated the presence of fewer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wen
- Respiratory Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - David W Reid
- Respiratory Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Dongcheng Zhang
- Respiratory Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Chris Ward
- Respiratory Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Richard Wood-Baker
- Respiratory Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - E Haydn Walters
- Respiratory Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Siganaki M, Koutsopoulos AV, Neofytou E, Vlachaki E, Psarrou M, Soulitzis N, Pentilas N, Schiza S, Siafakas NM, Tzortzaki EG. Deregulation of apoptosis mediators' p53 and bcl2 in lung tissue of COPD patients. Respir Res 2010; 11:46. [PMID: 20423464 PMCID: PMC2873932 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal apoptotic events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subvert cellular homeostasis and may play a primary role in its pathogenesis. However, studies in human subjects are limited. p53 and bcl2 protein expression was measured by western blot on lung tissue specimens from 43 subjects (23 COPD smokers and 20 non-COPD smokers), using beta-actin as internal control. Additionally, p53 and bcl2 expression patterns were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections from the same individuals. Western blot analysis showed statistically significant increased p53 protein levels in COPD smokers in comparison with non-COPD smokers (p = 0.038), while bcl2 protein levels were not statistically different between the two groups. Lung immunohistochemistry showed increased ratio of positive p53-stained type II pneumocytes/total type II pneumocytes in COPD smokers compared to non-COPD smokers (p = 0.01), whereas the p53 staining ratio in alveolar macrophages and in lymphocyte-like cells did not differ statistically between the two groups. On the other hand, bcl2 expression did not differ between the two groups in all three cell types. The increased expression of pro-apoptotic p53 in type II pneumocytes of COPD patients not counterbalanced by the anti-apoptotic bcl2 could reflect increased apoptosis in the alveolar epithelium of COPD patients. Our results confirm previous experiments and support the hypothesis of a disturbance in the balance between the pro- and anti-apoptotic mediators in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Siganaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pulmonology, Medical School University of Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hartl D, He CH, Koller B, Da Silva CA, Kobayashi Y, Lee CG, Flavell RA, Elias JA. Acidic mammalian chitinase regulates epithelial cell apoptosis via a chitinolytic-independent mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:5098-106. [PMID: 19342690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is produced during and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Th2-mediated diseases and antiparasite responses. However, the effector responses of AMCase in these settings have not been adequately defined and the relationship(s) between its chitinolytic and other biologic properties have not been investigated. In these studies, we demonstrate that AMCase protects airway epithelial cells from Fas ligand- and growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis. This cytoprotection was associated with Akt phosphorylation and abrogated when the PI3K/Akt pathway was inhibited. Comparable cytoprotection was also seen in experiments comparing wild-type AMCase and mutant AMCase that lacked chitinolytic activity. Importantly, the apoptosis-inhibiting effect of enzymatically active and inactive AMCase was abrogated by treatment with allosamidin. These studies demonstrate that secreted AMCase feeds back in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to protect pulmonary epithelial cells from growth factor withdrawal- and Fas ligand-induced apoptosis. They also demonstrate that the cytoprotection is mediated via a PI3K/Akt-dependent and allosamidin-sensitive pathway that is independent of the chitinolytic activity of this chitinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hartl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Siafakas NM, Antoniou KM, Tzortzaki EG. Role of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2007; 2:453-62. [PMID: 18268919 PMCID: PMC2699970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, angiogenesis and pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD has been investigated. It has been hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction might be an initiating event that promotes vessel remodeling in COPD. Inflammatory tissue--a pivotal pathological feature of COPD--often hypoxic, can induce angiogenesis through upregulation of factors such as VEGF or FGF and regulators of angiogenesis such as chemokines (CXC family), acting either as angiogenic or angiostatic. Angiopoietins are distinct molecules that act in association with VEGF at different stages of angiogenic process. The regulation of angiogenesis is determined by a dual, yet opposing balance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors that promote or inhibit neovascularization, respectively, not yet elucidated in detail in COPD. Recent studies suggested an increased expression of VEGF in pulmonary muscular arteries of patients with moderate COPD and also in smokers with normal lung function. This was also associated with enlargement of the arterial wall. However, in patients with severe emphysema, the expression of VEGF tended to be low, despite intense vascular remodelling. Furthermore, it has been suggested that VEGF might be involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema through apoptotic mechanisms. Experimental studies showed that the lung microvascular endothelial cells (including the alveolar septal capillary cells) are particularly vulnerable and dependent on VEGF for their survival. Apoptosis of endothelial, leading to the loss of capillaries may well be a central mechanism in patients with emphysema and muscle wasting. This review article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the contribution of vascular remodeling, as well as the pathogenetic and therapeutic implications of pivotal angiogenic mediators, in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos M Siafakas
- Correspondence: Nikolaos M Siafakas, Professor of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Thoracic Medicine, University General Hospital, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Tel +30 2810 392 433, Fax +30 2810 542 650, Email
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wüst RCI, Degens H. Factors contributing to muscle wasting and dysfunction in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2007; 2:289-300. [PMID: 18229567 PMCID: PMC2695204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from exercise intolerance. In about 40% of the patients exercise capacity is limited by alterations in skeletal muscle rather than pulmonary problems. Indeed, COPD is often associated with muscle wasting and a slow-to-fast shift in fiber type composition resulting in weakness and an earlier onset of muscle fatigue, respectively. Clearly, limiting muscle wasting during COPD benefits the patient by improving the quality of life and also the chance of survival. To successfully combat muscle wasting and remodeling during COPD a clear understanding of the causes and mechanisms is needed. Disuse, hypoxemia, malnutrition, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation may all cause muscle atrophy. Particularly when systemic inflammation is elevated muscle wasting becomes a serious complication. The muscle wasting may at least partly be due to an increased activity of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and apoptosis. However, it might well be that an impaired regenerative potential of the muscle rather than the increased protein degradation is the crucial factor in the loss of muscle mass during COPD with a high degree of systemic inflammation. Finally, we briefly discuss the various treatments and rehabilitation strategies available to control muscle wasting and fatigue in patients with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob CI Wüst
- Correspondence: Rob Wüst, Institute for Biophysical and Clinical Research into Human Movement, Manchester Metropolitan University, Hassall Road, Alsager, Cheshire ST7 2HL, United Kingdom, Tel +44 161 247 5336, Fax +44 161 247 6375, Email
| | | |
Collapse
|