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Tanaka C, Harada N, Teraoka Y, Urushizaki H, Shinmori Y, Onishi T, Yotsumoto Y, Ito Y, Kitakaze T, Inui T, Murata Y, Inui H, Yamaji R. Mogrol stimulates G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1/TGR5) and insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and alleviates hyperglycemia in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3244. [PMID: 38332164 PMCID: PMC10853268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Target identification is a crucial step in elucidating the mechanisms by which functional food components exert their functions. Here, we identified the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5) as a target of the triterpenoid mogrol, a class of aglycone mogroside derivative from Siraitia grosvenorii. Mogrol, but not mogrosides, activated cAMP-response element-mediated transcription in a TGR5-dependent manner. Additionally, mogrol selectively activated TGR5 but not the other bile acid-responsive receptors (i.e., farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor, or muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3). Several amino acids in TGR5 (L71A2.60, W75AECL1, Q77AECL1, R80AECL1, Y89A3.29, F161AECL2, L166A5.39, Y240A6.51, S247A6.58, Y251A6.62, L262A7.35, and L266A7.39) were found to be important for mogrol-induced activation. Mogrol activated insulin secretion under low-glucose conditions in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, which can be inhibited by a TGR5 inhibitor. Similar effects of mogrol on insulin secretion were observed in the isolated mouse islets. Mogrol administration partially but significantly alleviated hyperglycemia in KKAy diabetic mice by increasing the insulin levels without affecting the β-cell mass or pancreatic insulin content. These results suggest that mogrol stimulates insulin secretion and alleviates hyperglycemia by acting as a TGR5 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Tanaka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Teraoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Urushizaki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoh Shinmori
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruaki Onishi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yotsumoto
- Natural Materials Laboratory, Saraya Company, Ltd., 24-12 Tamatecho, Kashiwara, 582-0028, Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Ito
- Natural Materials Laboratory, Saraya Company, Ltd., 24-12 Tamatecho, Kashiwara, 582-0028, Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Inui
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuji Murata
- Natural Materials Laboratory, Saraya Company, Ltd., 24-12 Tamatecho, Kashiwara, 582-0028, Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Otemae University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
- Center for Research and Development of Bioresources, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Lun W, Yan Q, Guo X, Zhou M, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Mechanism of action of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:468-491. [PMID: 38322325 PMCID: PMC10840437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane protein receptors, and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a member of this family. As a membrane receptor, TGR5 is widely distributed in different parts of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, including the processes of energy consumption, weight loss and blood glucose homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that TGR5 plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders such as fatty liver, obesity and diabetes. With the global obesity situation becoming more and more serious, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanism of TGR5 and filling the gaps in knowledge concerning clinical ligand drugs are urgently needed. In this review, we mainly explain the anti-obesity mechanism of TGR5 to promote the further study of this target, and show the electron microscope structure of TGR5 and review recent studies on TGR5 ligands to illustrate the specific binding between TGR5 receptor binding sites and ligands, which can effectively provide new ideas for ligand research and promote drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Lun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qihao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minchuan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Li Y, Cheng KC, Liu IM, Cheng JT. Identification of Andrographolide as an Agonist of Bile Acid TGR5 Receptor in a Cell Line to Demonstrate the Reduction in Hyperglycemia in Type-1 Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1417. [PMID: 37895888 PMCID: PMC10610544 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (ADG) is contained in bitter plants, and its effects are widely thought to be associated with taste receptors. The current study used animal studies and cell lines to investigate the role of ADG in diabetic models. The Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) was directly influenced by ADG, and this boosted GLP-1 synthesis in CHO-K1 cells transfected with the TGR5 gene. However, this was not seen in TGR5-mutant cells. The human intestinal L-cell line NCI-H716 showed an increase in GLP-1 production in response to ADG. In NCI-H716 cells, the TGR5 inhibitor triamterene reduced the effects of ADG, including the rise in TGR5 mRNA levels that ADG caused. Additionally, as with the antihyperglycemic impact in type-1 diabetic rats, the increase in plasma-active GLP-1 level caused by ADG was enhanced by a DPP-4 inhibitor. The recovery of the hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and the increase in plasma GLP-1 caused by ADG were both suppressed by TGR5 blockers. As a result, after activating TGR5, ADG may boost GLP-1 synthesis in diabetic rats, enhancing glucose homeostasis. In Min-6 cells, a pancreatic cell line grown in culture, ADG-induced insulin secretion was also examined. Blocking GLP-1 receptors had little impact, suggesting that ADG directly affects TGR5 activity in Min-6 cells. A TGR5 mRNA level experiment in Min-6 cells further confirmed that TGR5 is activated by ADG. The current study revealed a novel finding suggesting that ADG may activate TGR5 in diabetic rats in a way that results in enhanced insulin and GLP-1 production, which may be helpful for future research and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (I.-M.L.)
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (I.-M.L.)
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan
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Zhu H, Wang K, Chen S, Kang J, Guo N, Chen H, Liu J, Wu Y, He P, Tu Y, Li B. Saponins from Camellia sinensis Seeds Stimulate GIP Secretion in Mice and STC-1 Cells via SGLT1 and TGR5. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163413. [PMID: 36014921 PMCID: PMC9416400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is one of the important incretins and possesses lots of physiological activities such as stimulating insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis. The pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins are the major active ingredients in tea (Camellia sinensis) seeds. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tea seed saponins on the GIP secretion and related mechanisms. Our data showed that the total tea seed saponins (TSS, 65 mg/kg BW) and theasaponin E1 (TSE1, 2–4 µM) could increase the GIP mRNA and protein levels in mice and STC-1 cells. Phlorizin, the inhibitor of Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), reversed the TSE1-induced increase in Ca2+ and GIP mRNA level. In addition, TSE1 upregulated the protein expression of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and TGR5 siRNA significantly decreased GIP expression in TSE1-treated STC-1 cells. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that six proteins and five signaling pathways were associated with SGLT1, TGR5 and GIP regulated by TSE1. Taken together, tea seed saponins could stimulate GIP expression via SGLT1 and TGR5, and were promising natural active ingredients for improving metabolism and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Zhu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaixi Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuna Chen
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Puming He
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence:
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Martín-Acosta P, Meng Q, Klimek J, Reddy AP, David L, Petrie SK, Li BX, Xiao X. A clickable photoaffinity probe of betulinic acid identifies tropomyosin as a target. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2406-2416. [PMID: 35646545 PMCID: PMC9136574 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Target identification of bioactive compounds is important for understanding their mechanisms of action and provides critical insights into their therapeutic utility. While it remains a challenge, unbiased chemoproteomics strategy using clickable photoaffinity probes is a useful and validated approach for target identification. One major limitation of this approach is the efficient synthesis of appropriately substituted clickable photoaffinity probes. Herein, we describe an efficient and consistent method to prepare such probes. We further employed this method to prepare a highly stereo-congested probe based on naturally occurring triterpenoid betulinic acid. With this photoaffinity probe, we identified tropomyosin as a novel target for betulinic acid that can account for the unique biological phenotype on cellular cytoskeleton induced by betulinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martín-Acosta
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Qianli Meng
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - John Klimek
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ashok P. Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Larry David
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Stefanie Kaech Petrie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bingbing X. Li
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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6
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Zhang F, Xiao X, Li Y, Wu H, Deng X, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Ma X, Zhao Y. Therapeutic Opportunities of GPBAR1 in Cholestatic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:805269. [PMID: 35095513 PMCID: PMC8793736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.805269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GPBAR1, a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor for bile acids, is widely expressed in multiple tissues in humans and rodents. In recent years, GPBAR1 has been thought to play an important role in bile homeostasis, metabolism and inflammation. This review specifically focuses on the function of GPBAR1 in cholestatic liver disease and summarizes the various pathways through which GPBAR1 acts in cholestatic models. GPBAR1 mainly regulates cholestasis in a holistic system of liver-gallbladder-gut formation. In the state of cholestasis, the activation of GPBAR1 could regulate liver inflammation, induce cholangiocyte regeneration to maintain the integrity of the biliary tree, control the hydrophobicity of the bile acid pool and promote the secretion of bile HCO3−. All these functions of GPBAR1 might be clear ways to protect against cholestatic diseases and liver injury. However, the characteristic of GPBAR1-mediated proliferation increases the risk of proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma in malignant transformed cholangiocytes. This dichotomous function of GPBAR1 limits its use in cholestasis. During disease treatment, simultaneous activation of GPBAR1 and FXR receptors often results in improved outcomes, and this strategy may become a crucial direction in the development of bile acid-activated receptors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hefei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hsu CC, Cheng KC, Li Y, Hsu PH, Cheng JT, Niu HS. TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070695. [PMID: 34357066 PMCID: PMC8306239 DOI: 10.3390/life11070695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived cytokines may contribute to the inflammation that occurs in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) regulates energy expenditure and affects the production of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in metabolic diseases. Etanercept, which acts as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist, can also block the inflammatory response. Therefore, the interaction between TNF-α and TGR5 expression was investigated in rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Heart tissues isolated from the HFD-induced MetS rats were analyzed. Changes in TGR5 expression were investigated with lithocholic acid (LCA) as the agonist. Betulinic acid (BA) was used to activate TGR5 in urinary bladders. LCA was more effective in the heart tissues of HFD-fed rats, although etanercept alleviated the function of LCA. STAT3 activation and higher TGR5 expression were observed in the heart tissues collected from HFD-fed rats. Thus, cardiac TGR5 expression is promoted by HFD through STAT3 activation in rats. Moreover, the urinary bladders of female rats fed a HFD showed a low response, which was reversed by etanercept. Relaxation by BA in the bladders was more marked in HFD-fed rats. The high TGR5 expression in HFD-fed rats was characterized using a mRNA assay, and the increased cAMP levels were found to be stimulated by BA in the isolated bladders. Therefore, TGR5 expression increases with a HFD in both the hearts and urinary bladders. Collectively, cytokine-medicated TGR5 activation was observed in the hearts and urinary bladders of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City 10341, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City 11153, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970302, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Hao Hsu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 71004, Taiwan;
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970302, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-857-2158
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Jiang LS, Li W, Zhuang TX, Yu JJ, Sun S, Ju ZC, Wang ZT, Ding LL, Yang L. Ginsenoside Ro Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice via Activation of the G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 5 Pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:441-451. [PMID: 33820830 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a well known risk factor in multiple metabolic diseases, is dramatically increasing worldwide. Ginsenosides extracted from ginseng have been reported against obesity and the associated metabolic disorders. As a subtype of ginsenoside, ginsenoside Ro is a critical constituent of ginseng. However, its specific effects on obesity remain unknown. G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5) (also known as GPBAR1) is a bile acid membrane receptor, widely expressed in human tissues contributing to various metabolic processes to confer the regulations of glucose and lipid homeostasis. TGR5 has displayed potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Here, we explore the antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Ro with TGR5 activation screened by a library of natural products. Our results showed that the ginsenoside Ro (90mg/kg) treatment ameliorated body weight and lipid accumulation in multiple metabolic organs of high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice without affecting food intake and improved oral glucose tolerance tests, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests, and fasting serum glucose. We also found that triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum and liver were significantly decreased after ginsenoside Ro treatment. Then we used Tgr5 knockout mice to explore the role of Tgr5 in the antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Ro. Our results further demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro promoted glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion and energy expenditure in wild-type DIO mice. However, the stimulation of ginsenoside Ro on GLP-1 secretion and energy expenditure were restrained in the Tgr5 knockout mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance in DIO mice via activating TGR5, indicating a potential therapeutic role of ginsenoside Ro to treat obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Obesity is dramatically increasing worldwide, and it contributes to multiple metabolic diseases. G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Ginsenoside Ro, as an oleanane-type ginsenoside, ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance, promotes glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion, and increases energy expenditure via activating TGR5. Ginsenoside Ro could be a potential leading compound for treating obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Shan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
| | - Tong-Xi Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
| | - Jie-Jing Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
| | - Shuai Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
| | - Zheng-Cai Ju
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
| | - Li-Li Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica (L.J., W.L., T..Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.), and Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research (L.J., J.Y., L.Y.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (L.J., W.L., T.Z., J.Y., S.S., Z.J., Z.W., L.D., L.Y.)
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9
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Carino A, Moraca F, Fiorillo B, Marchianò S, Sepe V, Biagioli M, Finamore C, Bozza S, Francisci D, Distrutti E, Catalanotti B, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. Hijacking SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 Receptor Interaction by Natural and Semi-synthetic Steroidal Agents Acting on Functional Pockets on the Receptor Binding Domain. Front Chem 2020; 8:572885. [PMID: 33195060 PMCID: PMC7645072 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.572885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS)-CoV-2. In light of the urgent need to identify novel approaches to be used in the emergency phase, we have embarked on an exploratory campaign aimed at repurposing natural substances and clinically available drugs as potential anti-SARS-CoV2-2 agents by targeting viral proteins. Here we report on a strategy based on the virtual screening of druggable pockets located in the central β-sheet core of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike's protein receptor binding domain (RBD). By combining an in silico approach and molecular in vitro testing we have been able to identify several triterpenoid/steroidal agents that inhibit interaction of the Spike RBD with the carboxypeptidase domain of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2). In detail, we provide evidence that potential binding sites exist in the RBD of the SARS CoV-2 Spike protein and that occupancy of these pockets reduces the ability of the RBD to bind to the ACE2 consensus in vitro. Naturally occurring and clinically available triterpenoids such as glycyrrhetinic and oleanolic acids, as well as primary and secondary bile acids and their amidated derivatives such as glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid and semi-synthetic derivatives such as obeticholic acid reduces the RBD/ACE2 binding. In aggregate, these results might help to define novel approaches to COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Carino
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Net4Science S.r.l., University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bianca Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Finamore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Bozza
- Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Francisci
- Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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10
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TGR5 activation ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3633. [PMID: 30842472 PMCID: PMC6403401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent risk factor in diabetic patients. TGR5 is shown to express in hearts, but its functional role in diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy remained unclear. The current study investigated the role of TGR5 on high glucose-induced hypertrophy of H9C2 cells. After incubation with a high level of glucose, H9C2 cells showed hypertrophic responses. Activation of TGR5 by lithocholic acid (LCA) ameliorated cell hypertrophy and enhanced SERCA2a and phosphorylated phospholamban (PLN) expression in H9C2 cells. Triamterene inhibited these effects at an effective dose to block TGR5. However, LCA failed to modify the free radical elevation induced by high-glucose in the H9c2 cells. Moreover, PKA inhibitors, but not an Epac blocker, markedly improved hyperglycemia-induced hypertrophy and attenuated the increased SERCA2a expression by LCA; it also attenuated the phosphorylated PLN and SERCA2a protein expression levels in high glucose-treated H9C2 cells. In conclusion, TGR5 activation stimulated protein kinase A (PKA) to enhance PLN phosphorylation, which activated SERCA2a to remove Ca2+ from cytosol to sarcoplasmic reticulum in addition to the reduction of calcineurin/NFAT pathway signaling to ameliorate the hyperglycemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy shown in cardiomyocytes. TGR5 may service as a new target in the control of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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11
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De Marino S, Festa C, Sepe V, Zampella A. Chemistry and Pharmacology of GPBAR1 and FXR Selective Agonists, Dual Agonists, and Antagonists. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 256:137-165. [PMID: 31201554 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, bile acid receptors FXR and GPBAR1 have attracted the interest of scientific community and companies, as they proved promising targets for the treatment of several diseases, ranging from liver cholestatic disorders to metabolic syndrome, inflammatory states, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and diabetes.Consequently, the development of dual FXR/GPBAR1 agonists, as well as selective targeting of one of these receptors, is considered a hopeful possibility in the treatment of these disorders. Because endogenous bile acids and steroidal ligands, which cover the same chemical space of bile acids, often target both receptor families, speculation on nonsteroidal ligands represents a promising and innovative strategy to selectively target GPBAR1 or FXR.In this review, we summarize the most recent acquisition on natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic steroidal and nonsteroidal ligands, able to interact with FXR and GPBAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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12
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Abstract
Many receptors can be activated by bile acids (BAs) and their derivatives. These include nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), as well as membrane receptors Takeda G protein receptor 5 (TGR5), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), and cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (CHRM2). All of them are implicated in the development of metabolic and immunological diseases in response to endobiotic and xenobiotic exposure. Because epigenetic regulation is critical for organisms to adapt to constant environmental changes, this review article summarizes epigenetic regulation as well as post-transcriptional modification of bile acid receptors. In addition, the focus of this review is on the liver and digestive tract although these receptors may have effects on other organs. Those regulatory mechanisms are implicated in the disease process and critically important in uncovering innovative strategy for prevention and treatment of metabolic and immunological diseases.
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13
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Kuo SC, Li Y, Cheng YZ, Lee WJ, Cheng JT, Cheng KC. Molecular mechanisms regarding potassium bromate‑induced cardiac hypertrophy without apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4700-4708. [PMID: 30221729 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is commonly involved in cardiac injury. Oxidative stress can induce cardiac hypertrophy with apoptosis. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) has been widely used as a food additive due to its oxidizing properties. In the present study, the rat‑derived heart cell line H9c2 was used to investigate the effect of KBrO3 on cell size. KBrO3 increased cell size at concentrations <250 µM, in a dose‑dependent manner. Additionally, KBrO3 also promoted the gene expression of two biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy, brain/B‑type natriuretic peptides (BNP) and β‑Myosin Heavy Chain (β‑MHC). However, apoptosis remained unobserved in these cells. Moreover, mediation of free radicals was investigated using a fluorescence assay, and it was observed that superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased with KBrO3. Effects of KBrO3 were significantly reduced by tiron at concentrations sufficient to produce antioxidant‑like action. Additionally, signals involved in cardiac hypertrophy such as calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T‑cells (NFAT) were also determined using western blot analysis. KBrO3 increased the protein levels of both these molecules which were decreased by tiron in a dose‑dependent manner. Additionally, cyclosporine A attenuated the cardiac hypertrophy induced by KBrO3 in H9c2 cells at concentrations effective to inhibit calcineurin, in addition to reducing mRNA levels of BNP or β‑MHC. Finally, apoptosis was also identified in H9c2 cells incubated with KBrO3 at concentrations >300 µM. Collectively, these results provided a novel perspective that KBrO3 induces cardiac hypertrophy without apoptosis at a low dose through the generation of ROS, activating the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. Therefore, at a dose <250 µM, KBrO3 can be applied as an inducer of cardiac hypertrophy without apoptosis in H9c2 cells. KBrO3 can also be developed as a tool to induce cardiac hypertrophy in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Kuo
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 7170, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Medical Research, Chi‑Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yung-Ze Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi‑Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Jing Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi‑Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi‑Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71003, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890, Japan
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14
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Pan W, Zhang Y, Zeng C, Xu F, Yan J, Weng J. miR-192 is upregulated in T1DM, regulates pancreatic β-cell development and inhibits insulin secretion through suppressing GLP-1 expression. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2717-2724. [PMID: 30186503 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) post-translationally regulate gene expression by specifically binding to the mRNA of their target genes. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of miR-192 on pancreatic β-cell development. The serum levels of miR-192 in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and streptozotocin-induced rats were determined, and were revealed to be elevated compared with those in healthy patients and normal rats, respectively. Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that miR-192 suppressed the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a potent insulin secretagogue. Ectopic expression of miR-192 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of NIT-1 cells, while miR-192 inhibitor had the opposite effect. Collectively, the present results revealed that miR-192 was elevated in T1DM, and is implicated in pancreatic β-cell development through regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, thereby suppressing insulin secretion. Furthermore, miR-192 suppressed GLP-1 expression, thereby further promoting T1DM. The present study suggested that miR-192 is a novel molecular target for the management or prevention of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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15
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Lo SH, Li Y, Cheng KC, Niu CS, Cheng JT, Niu HS. Ursolic acid activates the TGR5 receptor to enhance GLP-1 secretion in type 1-like diabetic rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 390:1097-1104. [PMID: 28756460 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1), regulates glucose metabolism. In animals, TGR5 activation by a chemical agonist may increase incretin secretion and reduce the blood sugar level. Recently, betulinic acid has been suggested to activate TGR5. Ursolic acid is a well-known pentacyclic triterpenoid that is similar to betulinic acid. It is of special interest to determine the potential effect of ursolic acid on TGR5. Therefore, we transfected cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells with the TGR5 gene. The functions of the transfected cells were confirmed via glucose uptake using a fluorescent indicator. Moreover, NCI-H716 cells that secreted incretin were also investigated, and the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) levels were quantified using ELISA kits. In addition, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1-like diabetic rats were used to identify the effect of ursolic acid in vivo. Ursolic acid concentration dependently increased glucose uptake in CHO-K1 cells expressing TGR5. In NCI-H716 cells, ursolic acid induced a concentration-dependent elevation in GLP-1 secretion, which was inhibited by triamterene at the effective concentrations to block TGR5. Ursolic acid also increased the plasma GLP-1 level via TGR5 activation, which was further characterized in vivo with type 1-like diabetic rats. Moreover, ursolic acid is more effective than betulinic acid in reduction of hyperglycemia and increase of GLP-1 secretion. Therefore, we demonstrated that ursolic acid can activate TGR5, enhancing GLP-1 secretion in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, ursolic acid is suitable for use in TGR5 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsiang Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Hsing Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, 10341
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan, 97005
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan, 71003
| | - Kai Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Chiang-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan, 97005
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan, 71003.
- College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Institute of Medical Science, Guei-Ren, Tainan City, Taiwan, 71101.
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan, 97005
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16
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Wang LY, Cheng KC, Li Y, Niu CS, Cheng JT, Niu HS. The Dietary Furocoumarin Imperatorin Increases Plasma GLP-1 Levels in Type 1-Like Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111192. [PMID: 29084156 PMCID: PMC5707664 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imperatorin, a dietary furocoumarin, is found not only in medicinal plants, but also in popular culinary herbs, such as parsley and fennel. Recently, imperatorin has been shown to activate GPR119 in cells. Another GPR, GPR131, also called TGR5 or G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1), is known to regulate glucose metabolism. Additionally, TGR5 activation increases glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) secretion to lower blood sugar levels in animals. Therefore, the present study aims to determine whether the effects of imperatorin on GLP-1 secretion are mediated by TGR5. First, we transfected cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1 cells) with the TGR5 gene. Glucose uptake was confirmed in the transfected cells using a fluorescent indicator. Moreover, NCI-H716 cells, which secrete GLP-1, were used to investigate the changes in calcium concentrations and GLP-1 levels. In addition, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1-like diabetic rats were used to identify the effects of imperatorin in vivo. Imperatorin dose-dependently increased glucose uptake in CHO-K1 cells expressing TGR5. In STZ diabetic rats, similar to the results in NCI-H716 cells, imperatorin induced a marked increase of GLP-1 secretion that was reduced, but not totally abolished, by a dose of triamterene that inhibited TGR5. Moreover, increases in GLP-1 secretion induced by imperatorin and GPR119 activation were shown in NCI-H716 cells. We demonstrated that imperatorin induced GLP-1 secretion via activating TGR5 and GPR119. Therefore, imperatorin shall be considered as a TGR5 and GPR119 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Wang
- Department of Childhood Education and Nursery, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Rende, Tainan City 71710, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City 71003, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 81201, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City 71003, Taiwan.
| | - Chiang-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 97005, Taiwan.
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City 71003, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Guei-Ren, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 97005, Taiwan.
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17
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Glycyrrhizic acid increases glucagon like peptide-1 secretion via TGR5 activation in type 1-like diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:599-604. [PMID: 28881290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is belonged to triterpenoid saponin that is contained in the root of licorice and is known to affect metabolic regulation. Recently, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has widely been applied in diabetes therapeutics. However, the role of GLP-1 in GA-induced anti-diabetic effects is still unknown. Therefore, we are interested in understanding the association of GLP-1 with GA-induced effects. In type 1-like diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ-treated rats), GA increased the level of plasma GLP-1, which was blocked by triamterene at a dose sufficient to inhibit Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). The direct effect of GA on TGR5 has been identified using the cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1 cells) transfected TGR5 gene. Moreover, in intestinal NCI-H716 cells that secreted GLP-1, GA promoted GLP-1 secretion with a marked elevation of calcium levels. However, both effects of GA were reduced by ablation of TGR5 with siRNA in NCI-H716 cells. Therefore, we demonstrated that GA can enhance GLP-1 secretion through TGR5 activation.
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18
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Lin MH, Hsu CC, Lin J, Cheng JT, Wu MC. Identification of morin as an agonist of imidazoline I-3 receptor for insulin secretion in diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:997-1003. [PMID: 28689255 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Morin is a flavonoid contained in guava that is known to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetics. Morin has been demonstrated to increase plasma insulin. However, the mechanism(s) remains unknown. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of morin on the imidazoline receptor (I-R) that regulates insulin secretion. We used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with an I-R expression construct (NISCH-CHO-K1 cells) to identify the direct effect of morin on the I-R. Moreover, the imidazoline I3 receptor (I-3R) is known to be present in pancreatic β cells and involved in insulin secretion. Therefore, we applied a specific antagonist (KU14R) to block I-3R in diabetic rats. Additionally, the effect of morin on insulin secretion was characterized in isolated pancreatic islets. Morin decreased blood glucose levels by increasing plasma insulin levels in diabetic rats. In CHO cells expressing an I-R, morin increased calcium influx in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, KU14R dose-dependently inhibited the morin-induced effects, including hypoglycemia and the increase in insulin secretion and plasma C-peptide levels, in diabetic rats. Furthermore, morin enhanced insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets, and this effect was also dose-dependently inhibited by KU14R. Phospholipase C (PLC) is known to couple with the I-R, and a PLC inhibitor dose-dependently attenuated the insulin secretion induced by morin in isolated pancreatic islets. Taken together, these data suggest that morin can activate I-3R to enhance insulin secretion. Therefore, it would be useful to develop morin into a treatment for diabetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Hung Lin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan, 90801.,Chief Secretary's Office, Chiayi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi City, Taiwan, 60001
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan, 90801
| | - Jenshinn Lin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan, 90801
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan, 73101. .,Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Guei-Ren, Tainan City, Taiwan, 71101.
| | - Ming Chang Wu
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan, 90801.
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Li Y, Cheng KC, Niu CS, Lo SH, Cheng JT, Niu HS. Investigation of triamterene as an inhibitor of the TGR5 receptor: identification in cells and animals. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1127-1134. [PMID: 28435224 PMCID: PMC5391213 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s131892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5) has been shown to participate in glucose homeostasis. In animal models, a TGR5 agonist increases incretin secretion to reduce hyperglycemia. Many agonists have been developed for clinical use. However, the effects of TGR5 blockade have not been studied extensively, with the exception of studies using TGR5 knockout mice. Therefore, we investigated the potential effect of triamterene on TGR5. Methods We transfected the TGR5 gene into cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1 cells) to express TGR5. Then, we applied a fluorescent indicator to examine the glucose uptake of these transfected cells. In addition, NCI-H716 cells that secrete incretin were also evaluated. Fura-2, a fluorescence indicator, was applied to determine the changes in calcium concentrations. The levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Moreover, rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1-like diabetes were used to investigate the effects in vivo. Results Triamterene dose dependently inhibits the increase in glucose uptake induced by TGR5 agonists in CHO-K1 cells expressing the TGR5 gene. In cultured NCI-H716 cells, TGR5 activation also increases GLP-1 secretion by increasing calcium levels. Triamterene inhibits the increased calcium levels by TGR5 activation through competitive antagonism. Moreover, the GLP-1 secretion and increased cAMP levels induced by TGR5 activation are both dose dependently reduced by triamterene. However, treatment with KB-R7943 at a dose sufficient to block the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) failed to modify the responses to TGR5 activation in NCI-H716 cells or CHO-K1 cells expressing TGR5. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of triamterene on TGR5 activation do not appear to be related to NCX inhibition. Blockade of TGR5 activation by triamterene was further characterized in vivo using the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion Based on the obtained data, we identified triamterene as a reliable inhibitor of TGR5. Therefore, triamterene can be developed as a clinical inhibitor of TGR5 activation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City
| | - Kai Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chiang-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City
| | - Shih-Hsiang Lo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Hsing Branch of Taipei City Hospital
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City.,Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chang-Jung Christian University, Guei-Ren, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City
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