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Zhang C, Shi Y, Liu C, Sudesh SM, Hu Z, Li P, Liu Q, Ma Y, Shi A, Cai H. Therapeutic strategies targeting mechanisms of macrophages in diabetic heart disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:169. [PMID: 38750502 PMCID: PMC11097480 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is a serious complication in patients with diabetes. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets of DHD, effective means of prevention and treatment are still lacking. The pathogenic mechanisms of DHD include cardiac inflammation, insulin resistance, myocardial fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Macrophages, the primary cells of the human innate immune system, contribute significantly to these pathological processes, playing an important role in human disease and health. Therefore, drugs targeting macrophages hold great promise for the treatment of DHD. In this review, we examine how macrophages contribute to the development of DHD and which drugs could potentially be used to target macrophages in the treatment of DHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Zhang
- Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunke Shi
- Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Changzhi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shivon Mirza Sudesh
- Faculty of Medicine, St. George University of London, London, UK
- University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Wafic Said Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiming Ma
- Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ao Shi
- Faculty of Medicine, St. George University of London, London, UK.
- University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Li J, Xie Y, Sun J, Bai F, Hussain SA, Gangireddygari VSR, Jiang X. Renal protective effect of ellipticine against streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediator. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e385623. [PMID: 38055383 DOI: 10.1590/acb385623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide, and diabetic nephropathy is the complication. The diabetic nephropathy considerably enhances the oxidative stress, glycation, lipid parameters and inflammatory reaction. Ellipticine has potent free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS In the current study, our objectives were to thoroughly examine the renal protective effects of ellipticine in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. For the induction of diabetic nephropathy, streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was used, and rats were separated into groups and given varying doses of ellipticine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg). The body weight, and renal weight were estimated. The inflammatory cytokines, renal biomarkers, inflammatory antioxidant, and urine parameters were estimated. RESULTS Result showed that ellipticine considerably enhanced the body weight and reduced the renal tissue weight. Ellipticine treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood glucose and altered the lipid parameters. Ellipticine significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of malonaldehyde and boosted the glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Ellipticine treatment significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS Ellipticine could be a renal protective drug via attenuating the inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province - Department of Nephrology - The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology - Kunming - China
| | - Yu Xie
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province - Department of Nephrology - The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology - Kunming - China
| | - Jimei Sun
- The First People's Hospital of Kunming - Department of Nephrology - Kunming - China
| | - Fan Bai
- The First People's Hospital of Kunming - Department of Nephrology - Kunming - China
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- King Saud University - College of Science - Department of Zoology - Riyadh - Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science - Plant Virus Research - Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division - Rural Development Administration - Wanju - Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- The First People's Hospital of Kunming - Department of Nephrology - Kunming - China
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Dsouza NN, Alampady V, Baby K, Maity S, Byregowda BH, Nayak Y. Thalidomide interaction with inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1167-1182. [PMID: 36966238 PMCID: PMC10039777 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The "Thalidomide tragedy" is a landmark in the history of the pharmaceutical industry. Despite limited clinical trials, there is a continuous effort to investigate thalidomide as a drug for cancer and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lepromatous leprosy, and COVID-19. This review focuses on the possibilities of targeting inflammation by repurposing thalidomide for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Articles were searched from the Scopus database, sorted, and selected articles were reviewed. The content includes the proven mechanisms of action of thalidomide relevant to IPF. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic mechanisms are major pathogenic factors in IPF. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the major biomarker of IPF. Thalidomide is an effective anti-inflammatory drug in inhibiting TGF-β, interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Thalidomide binds cereblon, a process that is involved in the proposed mechanism in specific cancers such as breast cancer, colon cancer, multiple myeloma, and lung cancer. Cereblon is involved in activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-TGF-β/Smad signalling, thereby attenuating fibrosis. The past few years have witnessed an improvement in the identification of biomarkers and diagnostic technologies in respiratory diseases, partly because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, investment in clinical trials with a systematic plan can help repurpose thalidomide for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Naomi Dsouza
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varun Alampady
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnaprasad Baby
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Swastika Maity
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Bharath Harohalli Byregowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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4
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The effect and a mechanistic evaluation of polystyrene nanoplastics on a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113642. [PMID: 36736609 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics have become ubiquitous in the global environment and have attracted increasing attention. However, whether there is an influence between exposure to nanoplastics and diabetes is unclear. To determine the effects of exposure to Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and evaluate the underlying mechanisms, mice were orally exposed to PS-NPs at dosages of 1, 10, 30 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks, alone or combined with a high fat diet and streptozocin (STZ) injection. Our data showed that exposure to 30 mg/kg/day PS-NPs alone induced a significant increase in blood glucose, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Combined with a high fat diet and STZ injection, PS-NPs exposure markedly aggravated oxidative stress, glucose intolerance, insulin tolerance and insulin resistance, and induced lesions in the liver and pancreas. PS-NPs exposure could decrease the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β, and treatment with SC79, a selective AKT activator, could increase the level of AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation, effectively alleviating the increase in ROS levels in the liver or pancreas, and slightly attenuating the increase in fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance induced by PS-NPs exposure. This showed that exposure to PS-NPs aggravated type 2 diabetes and the underlying mechanism partly involved in the inhibition of AKT/GSK3β phosphorylation.
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Chang HW, Sim KH, Lee YJ. Thalidomide Attenuates Mast Cell Activation by Upregulating SHP-1 Signaling and Interfering with the Action of CRBN. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030469. [PMID: 36766811 PMCID: PMC9914299 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is a chronic inflammatory disease, and its incidence has increased worldwide in recent years. Thalidomide, which was initially used as an anti-emetic drug but was withdrawn due to its teratogenic effects, is now used to treat blood cancers. Although the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of thalidomide have been reported, little is known about its influence on the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-allergic activity of thalidomide and the underlying mechanism using mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mouse models. Thalidomide markedly decreased the degranulation and release of lipid mediators and cytokines in IgE/Ag-stimulated BMMCs, with concurrent inhibition of FcεRI-mediated positive signaling pathways including Syk and activation of negative signaling pathways including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SH2 tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). The knockdown of AMPK or SHP-1 with specific siRNA diminished the inhibitory effects of thalidomide on BMMC activation. By contrast, the knockdown of cereblon (CRBN), which is the primary target protein of thalidomide, augmented the effects of thalidomide. Thalidomide reduced the interactions of CRBN with Syk and AMPK promoted by FcεRI crosslinking, thereby relieving the suppression of AMPK signaling and suppressing Syk signaling. Furthermore, oral thalidomide treatment suppressed the PCA reaction in mice. In conclusion, thalidomide suppresses FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation by activating the AMPK and SHP-1 pathways and antagonizing the action of CRBN, indicating that it is a potential anti-allergic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeun-Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwa Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Estornut C, Milara J, Bayarri MA, Belhadj N, Cortijo J. Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794997. [PMID: 35126133 PMCID: PMC8815729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and in different clinical trials. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of IPF and its underlying mechanisms as well as the evidence of oxidative stress in human IPF. Finally, we analyze the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the current status of different drugs developed to inhibit the oxidative stress as anti-fibrotic therapy in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nada Belhadj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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Atia T, Iqbal MZ, Fathy Ahmed H, Sakr HI, Abdelzaher MH, Morsi DF, Metawee ME. Vitamin D Supplementation Could Enhance the Effectiveness of Glibenclamide in Treating Diabetes and Preventing Diabetic Nephropathy: A Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221116403. [PMID: 35942573 PMCID: PMC9393666 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an oxidative stress-related disease characterized by hyperglycemia and a variety of complications, including nephropathy. Vitamin D has variable functions extending beyond the calcium metabolism to prevent oxidative tissue damage. We aimed to investigate whether vitamin D supplements could enhance Glibenclamide's effectiveness in treating diabetes and minimize the risk of associated pathology. Wistar rats were divided into normal control (n = 10) and diabetic (n = 30), where animals received two low doses of Streptozotocin 30 mg/kg/BW intraperitoneally to develop diabetes. The diabetic rats were then randomly divided into three equal groups: untreated, treated with Glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), and treated with Glibenclamide and Vitamin D3 (500 IU/kg). After eight weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples and kidney tissues were collected to evaluate biochemical, anti-oxidant, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and histological and immunohistochemical changes. Diabetic animals had significantly increased fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, and Malondialdehyde levels, whereas serum insulin, albumin, and the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased compared to normal control (p < 0.01). Furthermore, some renal histological changes were observed together with significantly increased immunoreactivity of anti-p53, anti-TNF-α, and anti-IL-6 antibodies when compared to the normal control. All abnormal parameters improved significantly with Glibenclamide therapy (p < 0.01), but combination therapy with vitamin D produced a much better result. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation along with anti-diabetic medication can help prevent or reduce the severity of diabetic nephropathy due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj, Saudi
Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
- Tarek Atia, College of Applied Medical
Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia;
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Zahidul Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Hassan Fathy Ahmed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo
University, Egypt
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - M. H. Abdelzaher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Assiut, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University in
AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deaa Fekri Morsi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University,
Cairo, Egypt
- Pathology lab., Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in
Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa E. Metawee
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
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Zhang HX, Yuan J, Li RS. Thalidomide Mitigates Apoptosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:787-794. [PMID: 34967303 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666211230115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is related to the apoptosis in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and thalidomide (Thd) has renal-protective effects by suppressing inflammation and proliferation of MCs in DN. However, the effect of Thd on the apoptosis of MCs in DN remains largely unclear. The present research is designed to explore the effect of Thd on apoptosis in DN and the related mechanisms. OBJECTIVE The study is designed to examine the effect and mechanism of Thd on apoptosis in type 2 diabetic mice and high glucose (HG)-induced MCs. METHOD We first evaluated the ER stress markers and apoptosis-related proteins with the treatment of Thd in type 2 diabetic mice and MCs in vitro under HG conditions. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of Thd treatment upon MC apoptosis through flow cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to evaluate genes and protein expression related to ER stress and apoptosis. RESULTS The levels of blood urea BUN, CREA, Urine albumin, and UACR in diabetic mice were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of intervention with Thd. And also, there were upregulated glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), Caspase-12, and downregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in glomeruli of DN mice. In vitro, compared with the HG group, MC apoptosis reduced dramatically with Thd treatment along with upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax. At the same time, ER stress markers GRP78, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and Caspase-12 were also mitigated following the Thd treatment. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that Thd might reduce the ER stress in DN via downregulating of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase12 expression, ultimately mitigating MCs apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Domingo S, Solé C, Moliné T, Ferrer B, Cortés-Hernández J. Thalidomide Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Cutaneous Lupus by Inhibiting the IRF4/NF-ҡB and AMPK1/mTOR Pathways. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121857. [PMID: 34944673 PMCID: PMC8698478 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide is effective in patients with refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). However, the mechanism of action is not completely understood, and its use is limited by its potential, severe side-effects. Immune cell subset analysis in thalidomide’s CLE responder patients showed a reduction of circulating and tissue cytotoxic T-cells with an increase of iNKT cells and a shift towards a Th2 response. We conducted an RNA-sequencing study using CLE skin biopsies performing a Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (TMPS) analysis in order to generate a predictive model of its mechanism of action and to identify new potential therapeutic targets. Integrating RNA-seq data, public databases, and literature, TMPS analysis generated mathematical models which predicted that thalidomide acts via two CRBN-CRL4A- (CRL4CRBN) dependent pathways: IRF4/NF-ҡB and AMPK1/mTOR. Skin biopsies showed a significant reduction of IRF4 and mTOR in post-treatment samples by immunofluorescence. In vitro experiments confirmed the effect of thalidomide downregulating IRF4 in PBMCs and mTOR in keratinocytes, which converged in an NF-ҡB reduction that led to a resolution of the inflammatory lesion. These results emphasize the anti-inflammatory role of thalidomide in CLE treatment, providing novel molecular targets for the development of new therapies that could avoid thalidomide’s side effects while maintaining its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Domingo
- Lupus Unit, Rheumatology Departament, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Cristina Solé
- Lupus Unit, Rheumatology Departament, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (J.C.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-489-4045
| | - Teresa Moliné
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (B.F.)
| | - Berta Ferrer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (B.F.)
| | - Josefina Cortés-Hernández
- Lupus Unit, Rheumatology Departament, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (J.C.-H.)
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10
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Amirshahrokhi K. Thalidomide reduces glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine 2021; 144:155574. [PMID: 33975771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important clinical complication of rhabdomyolysis. The inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of AKI induced by rhabdomyolysis. Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory agent that has been used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of thalidomide and its underlying mechanisms on a mouse model of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Mice were injected with a single dose of glycerol (50%, 10 ml/kg, im) to induce AKI, and treated with thalidomide (40 and 80 mg/kg/day, orally) for 2 days. Renal tissue and blood samples were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. In thalidomide treated mice, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (59.3 ± 19.6 vs. 223 ± 33 mg/dl), plasma creatinine (0.58 ± 0.3 vs. 1.28 ± 0.3 mg/dl), relative kidney weight (0.93 ± 0.13% vs. 1.22 ± 0.1%) and histopathological damage (1.5 ± 0.8 vs. 3.3 ± 1.1 score) were significantly lower as compared to the glycerol group. The results also showed that the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (0.13 ± 0.02 vs. 0.2 ± 0.01 µM/mg), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (0.1 ± 0.05 vs. 0.25 ± 0.02 U/mg) and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (1.7-fold), NLRP3 inflammasome (1.4-fold) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 (3-fold) in renal tissue were significantly lower in thalidomide treated group than those in the glycerol group. Thalidomide treatment resulted in lower renal pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (6.7 ± 0.8 vs. 12.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml), interleukin (IL)-1β (3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 5.1 ± 0.3 pg/mg), IL-6 (24.7 ± 2.4 vs. 33 ± 3 pg/mg) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (0.6 ± 0.17 vs. 1.56 ± 0.24 ng/ml) than those in the glycerol treated mice. In addition the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (9.5 ± 1 vs. 12.8 ± 1.1 pg/mg) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 (22.8 ± 7.8 vs. 53.3 ± 5.5 pg/mg) were significantly lower in renal tissue of mice treated with thalidomide as compared to the glycerol treated mice. In conclusion these data revealed that thalidomide may be a potential therapeutic approach against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI through inhibition of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Amirshahrokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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11
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Zheng F, Zhu J, Zhang W, Fu Y, Lin Z. Thal protects against paraquat-induced lung injury through a microRNA-141/HDAC6/IκBα-NF-κB axis in rat and cell models. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:334-347. [PMID: 33015978 PMCID: PMC7894280 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The protective functions of thalidomide in paraquat (PQ)-induced injury have been reported. But the mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this research, a PQ-treated rat model was established and further treated with thalidomide. Oedema and pathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and cell apoptosis in rat lungs were detected. A PQ-treated RLE-6TN cell model was constructed, and the viability and apoptosis rate of cells were measured. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) after thalidomide administration were screened out. Binding relationship between miR-141 and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was validated. Altered expression of miR-141 and HDAC6 was introduced to identify their involvements in thalidomide-mediated events. Consequently, thalidomide administration alone exerted no damage to rat lungs; in addition it reduced PQ-induced oedema. The oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis in rat lungs were reduced by thalidomide. In RLE-6TN cells, thalidomide increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. miR-141 was responsible for thalidomide-mediated protective events by targeting HDAC6. Overexpression of HDAC6 blocked the protection of thalidomide against PQ-induced injury via activating the IkBα-NF-κB signalling pathway. Collectively, this study evidenced that thalidomide protects lung tissues from PQ-induced injury through a miR-141/HDAC6/IkBα-NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenshuang Zheng
- Department of Emergency MedicineSecond People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Junbo Zhu
- Department of Emergency MedicineSecond People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency MedicineSecond People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Yangshan Fu
- Department of Emergency MedicineSecond People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Zhaoheng Lin
- Department of Critical Care MedicinePeople's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous PrefecturePingpongChina
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Veratrilla baillonii Franch exerts anti-diabetic activity and improves liver injury through IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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Mizar SMM, Kozman MR, Abo-Saif AA, Messiha BAS. Combination of Captopril with Gliclazide Decreases Vascular and Renal Complications and Improves Glycemic Control in Rats with Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1096-1106. [PMID: 32955003 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200821160436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common antihypertensive angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril was reported to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different experimental models. Diabetic vascular complications arise from increased vascular endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress as well as decreased nitric oxide bioavailability in the vessel walls due to poor glycemic control. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the role of captopril and gliclazide in decreasing diabetes mellitus (DM) vascular complications caused by decreased cellular glucose uptake and impaired endothelial nitric oxide metabolism, as well as examine the effects of the combination on diabetic renal complication and plasma lipid profile. METHODS Adult male Wister rats received captopril (25 mg/kg/day) and/or gliclazide (10 mg/kg/- day) by oral gavage daily for one month after induction of DM using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p., once). Serum glucose and insulin levels, inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, oxidative stress biomarkers like glutathione and nitric oxide, and plasma lipid profile were measured. Besides, histopathological examination of the thoracic aorta and kidney tissues, Western blot assessed the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) subtypes in the thoracic aorta. RESULTS Captopril significantly improved vascular architecture and oxidative stress and modulated nitric oxide synthesis via regulation of nitric oxide synthases, as well as decreased inflammation via down-regulating TNF-α, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and improved serum lipid profile in diabetic rats. Gliclazide increased serum insulin and decreased serum glucose, as well as its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION Captopril showed a promising protective effect against DM vascular complications, at least via nitric oxide modulating effect, anti-oxidant effect, and anti-inflammatory activity that appeared in biochemical and histopathological findings, lipid profile, renal function, and architecture improvements. Combining gliclazide with captopril gives an additive effect through enhanced glycemic control and increased anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties above captopril alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M M Mizar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Magy R Kozman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Ali A Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Egypt
| | - Basim A S Messiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Qi SS, He J, Dong LC, Yuan LP, Wu JL, Zu YX, Zheng HX. Cyanidin-3-glucoside from black rice prevents renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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15
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Liao H, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zheng D, Shen D, Li R. Protective Effects of Thalidomide on High-Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury through In Vitro Modulation of Macrophage M1/M2 Differentiation. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8263598. [PMID: 32908940 PMCID: PMC7474395 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8263598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. It has been shown that podocyte injury represents an important pathological basis that contributes to proteinuria and eventually leads to kidney failure. High glucose (HG) activates macrophage polarization, further exacerbating HG-induced podocyte injury. Our previous study on diabetic nephropathy rats indicated that thalidomide (Tha) has renoprotective properties. The present study explored the effects of Tha on mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase- (Arg-) 1 in HG-activated macrophages. iNOS and TNF-α are established as markers of classically activated macrophage (M1). CD206 and Arg-1 are regarded as markers of alternatively activated macrophages (M2). During the experiment, the supernatants of (HG)-treated and (Tha)-treated macrophages, designated as (HG) MS and (Tha) MS, were simultaneously collected and processed. TNF-α and interleukin- (IL-) 1β levels as well as protein expressions of nephrin and podocin in HG, (HG) MS, and (Tha) MS-cultured podocytes were evaluated. The results showed that compared to the 11.1 mM normal glucose (NG), the 33.3 mM HG-cultured RAW 264.7 cells exhibited upregulated iNOS and TNF-α mRNAs and protein expressions, and downregulated CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly (p < 0.05). Tha 200 μg/ml suppressed iNOS and TNF-α, and promoted CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly compared to the HG group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, (HG) MS-treated podocytes showed an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and a downregulation in nephrin and podocin expression significantly compared to NG-treated and HG-treated podocytes (p < 0.05). The (Tha 200 μg/ml) MS group exhibited a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β level, and an upregulation in nephrin and podocin expressions significantly compared to the (HG) MS group (p < 0.05). Our research confirmed that HG-activated macrophage differentiation aggravates HG-induced podocyte injury in vitro and the protective effects of Tha might be related to its actions on TNF-α and IL-1β levels via its modulation on M1/M2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yuanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xilan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Dayue Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
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Zheng HX, Qi SS, He J, Hu CY, Han H, Jiang H, Li XS. Cyanidin-3-glucoside from Black Rice Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy via Reducing Blood Glucose, Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Regulating Transforming Growth Factor β1/Smad Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4399-4410. [PMID: 32192334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications in diabetes. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) from black rice was reported to have hypoglycemic effects and an anti-osteoporosis effect in diabetic rats. Whether it has preventive effects on DN has not been reported. In this study, we established a rat model of DN, and C3G at two doses (10 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1) were administered to see its anti-DN effect. A total of 8 weeks of C3G supplementation decreased blood glucose and serum insulin, improved the renal function, and relieved renal glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis of DN rats. Also, the kidneys of DN rats had improved the oxidative defense system. Pro-inflammatory mediators were markedly reduced in serum and kidneys of the C3G-treated groups. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), phosphor-Smad2, and phosphor-Smad3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the kidney of the C3G-treated group, whereas the Smad7 expression level was upregulated by C3G. Our results indicate that C3G can ameliorate DN via antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation and regulate the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Our results suggest that C3G from black rice might be used as a renal-protective nutrient in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xing Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan Qi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Black Organic Food Engineering Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia He
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, AgSci. 415J, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Hao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Jiang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shen Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
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17
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Reddy KS, Sudheer A, Pradeepkumar B, Reddy CS. Effect of a polyherbal formulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 51:330-336. [PMID: 31831922 PMCID: PMC6892015 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_217_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Chronic kidney failure among people with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a burgeoning health problem that affects up to 25% of patients with type 2 DM. Current pharmacological treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN) does not stop the attainment of renal complications. The intention of the current study was to explore the role of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) in diabetic-induced nephropathy in experimental animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diabetic rats were grouped as follows and underwent the following treatment for about 16 weeks: Group I – normal rats – no treatment, Group II – DN rats – only vehicle (p.o), and Group III and IV – DN rats – PHF orally at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. After the treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and lipid, renal function, and inflammatory markers were estimated. The observed microscopic changes in kidney were analyzed. RESULTS: Animals administered with PHF exhibited noteworthy decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (LDL), LDL, serum creatinine, urinary protein, urinary albumin excretion rate, advanced glycation end products, type IV collagen excretion, interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-ß, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and showed significant increase in high-density lipoprotein, urine volume, urinary urea, and urine creatinine. Histopathological examination established that administration of PHF prohibited kidney damage. CONCLUSION: Treatment with PHF showed beneficial effect on DN which may be due to the improvement of renal function parameters and hyperlipidemic and inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanala Somasekhar Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Akkiraju Sudheer
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupalam Pradeepkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chappidi Suryaprakash Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Li K, Zhang L, Xue J, Yang X, Dong X, Sha L, Lei H, Zhang X, Zhu L, Wang Z, Li X, Wang H, Liu P, Dong Y, He L. Dietary inulin alleviates diverse stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus via anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in db/db mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:1915-1927. [PMID: 30869673 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely correlated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Prebiotic inulin (INU) is conducive to modulate gut dysbiosis. However, the impact of dietary inulin on the diverse stages of T2DM remains largely unknown. In the present study, according to the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), mice were randomly divided into six groups (15 mice per group): pre-diabetic group (PDM group); inulin-treated pre-diabetic group (INU/PDM group); early diabetic group (EDM group); inulin-treated early diabetic group (INU/EDM group); diabetic group (DM group); inulin-treated diabetic group (INU/DM group). All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (No. 2016-232). After 6 weeks of inulin intervention, the mice were euthanized and the associated indicators were investigated. Dietary inulin significantly reduced FBG, body weights (BWs), glycated hemoglobin (GHb), blood lipid, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17A in the three inulin-treated groups compared to the untreated groups. But for IL-17A, there remained no significant difference between the PDM group and the INU/PDM group. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory IL-10 showed significant alteration in the INU/PDM and INU/EDM groups, but no significant alteration in the INU/DM group. Sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota showed an elevation in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides and a reduction in the relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium_6 in three inulin-treated different stages of T2DM groups, as well as a reduction in the relative abundance of Deferribacteres and Tenericutes in the INU/DM group. A reduction in the relative abundance of Mucispirillum was detected in the INU/PDM and INU/EDM groups. Correlation analysis revealed that Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides abundance were positively correlated with IL-10; Deferribacteres, Tenericutes, Mucispirillum and Ruminiclostridium_6 abundance were closely related to IL-6, TNF-α or IL-17A respectively. Additionally, Mucispirillum and Ruminiclostridium_6 abundance were positively correlated with LPS. Taken together, dietary inulin alleviated the diverse stages of T2DM via suppressing inflammation and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Liu Y, Li L, Qiu M, Tan L, Zhang M, Li J, Zhu H, Jiang S, Su X, Li A. Renal and cerebral RAS interaction contributes to diabetic kidney disease. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2925-2939. [PMID: 31217864 PMCID: PMC6556645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The diabetes mellitus has posed a grave threat on human health, and is bound to result in renal trauma by uncertain mechanisms. Increasing evidences indicated that the activation of the renin-angiotensin system plays a pivotal role during the progression of diabetic kidney disease. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rat model, the losartan (a selective angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist) and tempol (4-Hydroxy-TEMPO, reactive oxygen species scavenger) were administrated through intracerebroventricular injection or intragastric gavage. Intracerebroventricular administration of clonidine or renal denervation was carried out to block sympathetic nerve traffic. Compared with non-diabetic rats, the reno-cerebral axis was over-activated, including activity of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, and sympathetic activity in diabetic rats. Central blockade of RAS inhibited the central oxidative stress and sympathetic activity, which led to decrease of intrarenal RAS activity and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, central administration of tempol reduced brain RAS, thus downregulated renal RAS activity and oxidative stress. Importantly, oral administration by intragastric gavage of high dose of losartan and tempol achieved the same effect. The results suggested that there is a cross-talk between renal and cerebral RAS/reactive oxygen species, contributing to the progression of diabetic kidney disease. The subfornical organ, paraventricular nucleus, and supraoptic nucleus in the forebrain also play a key role in development and progression of renal trauma through reno-cerebral reflex axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Nephropathy Department, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityDongguan 523110, China
| | - Lanying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Minzi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Lishan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Mengbi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hongguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Nephropathy Department, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityDongguan 523110, China
| | - Aiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Zhang HX, Yuan J, Li YF, Li RS. Thalidomide decreases high glucose-induced extracellular matrix protein synthesis in mesangial cells via the AMPK pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:927-934. [PMID: 30651882 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated the renal-protective effect of thalidomide (Thd) in diabetic nephropathy rats through the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog signaling pathways. The association between AMPK inactivation and high glucose (HG)-induced meningeal cell (MC) proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation via NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the effects of Thd on cell proliferation and ECM expression in HG-cultured MCs and the underlying mechanisms. HG-cultured human MCs were treated with Thd. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and quantification of cell proliferation was based on the measurement of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. The differences in TGF-β1, fibronectin and MCP-1 protein expression levels were detected via ELISA and western blot analysis. The AMPK signaling pathway was also examined by western blot analysis in MCs. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor and AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1β-D-ribofuranoside), an AMPK agonist, were used to analyze the functional role of AMPK in MCs. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased in HG-cultured MCs following treatment with high concentrations of Thd (100 and 200 µg/ml) for 24 h compared with the HG-cultured MC group. Thd suppressed the inflammatory processes in HG-induced MCs. These effects were partially mediated through the activation of AMPK and inhibition of the NF-κB/MCP-1 signaling pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that Thd may have therapeutic potential in diabetic renal injury via the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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