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Yaprak G, Çini N, Atasoy ÖB, Uyanikgil Y, Erdogan MA, Erbaş O. Administration of low dose intranasal ketamine exerts a neuroprotective effect on whole brain irradiation injury model in wistar rats. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2024:10.1007/s00411-024-01085-0. [PMID: 39066789 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-024-01085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation leads to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, resulting in neurocognitive impairments. Adverse effects are also associated with glutamate-induced excitotoxicity due to alterations in the composition of glutamate receptors. Ketamine, which is a noncompetitive NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, has been stated to exert an impact on glutamatergic receptors. This study aims to reveal the possible alleviating or preventive effects of ketamine, which maintains glutamate homeostasis and decreases neurodegeneration, in a radiation-induced neurotoxicity model. Twenty-one female Wistar Queryrats were included in the study and 14 of these underwent whole brain irradiation (IR) with a 20 Gray single dose. Animals were allocated into three groups. Group 1: Normal control; Group 2: Placebo / IR + Saline; Group 3: IR + Ketamine. Ketamine was administered in addition to IR to rats in Group 3. The one-way ANOVA statistical test was used to compare groups. The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. When administered in addition to irradiation, ketamine treatment significantly increased scores in the three-chamber sociability test, open field test, and passive avoidance learning test. It also raised neuron counts in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions as well as in Purkinje cells, and enhanced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine receptor kinase-B. Furthermore, ketamine administration resulted in decreased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, indicating a reduction in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Ketamine exerted a significant protective impact on radiation-induced neurocognitive impairments and enhanced social-memory capacity by reducing neuronal loss, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that ketamine is beneficial in the treatment or prevention of neurodegeneration via the regulation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway besides decreasing neuroinflammation and blocking NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Yaprak
- Department of Radiation Oncology Clinic, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No:47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nilsu Çini
- Department of Radiation Oncology Clinic, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No:47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Büke Atasoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology Clinic, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No:47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Ünalan D-100 Karayolu Yanyol, Üskdar, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Uyanikgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatçık Mah, Havaalani Şosesi Cd. No:33/2, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Esentepe, Büyükdere Cd. No:120, Şişli, 34394, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pandya JD, Musyaju S, Modi HR, Okada-Rising SL, Bailey ZS, Scultetus AH, Shear DA. Intranasal delivery of mitochondria targeted neuroprotective compounds for traumatic brain injury: screening based on pharmacological and physiological properties. J Transl Med 2024; 22:167. [PMID: 38365798 PMCID: PMC10874030 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting drugs to the mitochondrial level shows great promise for acute and chronic treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both military and civilian sectors. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to the successful delivery of drug therapies is the blood brain barrier (BBB). Intracerebroventricular and intraparenchymal routes may provide effective delivery of small and large molecule therapies for preclinical neuroprotection studies. However, clinically these delivery methods are invasive, and risk inadequate exposure to injured brain regions due to the rapid turnover of cerebral spinal fluid. The direct intranasal drug delivery approach to therapeutics holds great promise for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, as this route is non-invasive, bypasses the BBB, enhances the bioavailability, facilitates drug dose reduction, and reduces adverse systemic effects. Using the intranasal method in animal models, researchers have successfully reduced stroke damage, reversed Alzheimer's neurodegeneration, reduced anxiety, improved memory, and delivered neurotrophic factors and neural stem cells to the brain. Based on literature spanning the past several decades, this review aims to highlight the advantages of intranasal administration over conventional routes for TBI, and other CNS disorders. More specifically, we have identified and compiled a list of most relevant mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective compounds for intranasal administration based on their mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Further, this review also discusses key considerations when selecting and testing future mitochondria-targeted drugs given intranasally for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh D Pandya
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Sudeep Musyaju
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Hiren R Modi
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Starlyn L Okada-Rising
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Zachary S Bailey
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Anke H Scultetus
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Deborah A Shear
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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3
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Wei Z, Yu H, Zhao H, Wei M, Xing H, Pei J, Yang Y, Ren K. Broadening horizons: ferroptosis as a new target for traumatic brain injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad051. [PMID: 38250705 PMCID: PMC10799763 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with ~50 million people experiencing TBI each year. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by iron ion-catalyzed and reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation, has been identified as a potential contributor to traumatic central nervous system conditions, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of TBI. Alterations in iron metabolism play a crucial role in secondary injury following TBI. This study aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis in TBI, focusing on iron metabolism disorders, lipid metabolism disorders and the regulatory axis of system Xc-/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 in TBI. Additionally, we examined the involvement of ferroptosis in the chronic TBI stage. Based on these findings, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis after TBI. In conclusion, this review provides novel insights into the pathology of TBI and proposes potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haihan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Luoyang, China
| | - Mingze Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Harbin, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Henan province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Ommati MM, Mobasheri A, Niknahad H, Rezaei M, Alidaee S, Arjmand A, Mazloomi S, Abdoli N, Sadeghian I, Sabouri S, Saeed M, Mousavi K, Najibi A, Heidari R. Low-dose ketamine improves animals' locomotor activity and decreases brain oxidative stress and inflammation in ammonia-induced neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23468. [PMID: 37491939 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium ion (NH4 + ) is the major suspected molecule responsible for neurological complications of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). No specific pharmacological action for NH4 + -induced brain injury exists so far. Excitotoxicity is a well-known phenomenon in the brain of hyperammonemic cases. The hyperactivation of the N-Methyl- d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by agents such as glutamate, an NH4 + metabolite, could cause excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity is connected with events such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Hence, utilizing NMDA receptor antagonists could prevent neurological complications of NH4 + neurotoxicity. In the current study, C57BL6/J mice received acetaminophen (APAP; 800 mg/kg, i.p) to induce HE. Hyperammonemic animals were treated with ketamine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, s.c) as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Animals' brain and plasma levels of NH4 + were dramatically high, and animals' locomotor activities were disturbed. Moreover, several markers of oxidative stress were significantly increased in the brain. A significant increase in brain tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β was also detected in hyperammonemic animals. It was found that ketamine significantly normalized animals' locomotor activity, improved biomarkers of oxidative stress, and decreased proinflammatory cytokines. The effects of ketamine on oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammation seem to play a key role in its neuroprotective mechanisms in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alidaee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Arjmand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahra Mazloomi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Abdoli
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Issa Sadeghian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mohsen Saeed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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5
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Yang B, Wen HY, Liang RS, Lu TM, Zhu ZY, Wang CH. Hippocampus protection from apoptosis by Baicalin in a LiCl-pilocarpine-induced rat status epilepticus model through autophagy activation. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:620-629. [PMID: 37771639 PMCID: PMC10523199 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i9.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is associated with hippocampal injury following status epilepticus (SE) and is considered a potential therapeutic mechanism. Baicalin, an emerging multitherapeutic drug, has shown neuroprotective effects in patients with nervous system diseases due to its antioxidant properties. AIM To investigate the potential role of autophagy in LiCl-pilocarpine-induced SE. METHODS The drugs were administered 30 min before SE. Nissl staining showed that Baicalin attenuated hippocampal injury and reduced neuronal death in the hippocampus. Western blotting and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay confirmed that Baicalin reversed the expression intensity of cleaved caspase-3 and apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 following SE. Fur-thermore, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure the expression of autophagy markers (p62/SQSTM1, Beclin 1, and LC3) and apoptotic pathway markers (cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2). RESULTS Baicalin significantly upregulated autophagic activity and downregulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway markers. Conversely, 3-methyladenine, a commonly used autophagy inhibitor, was simultaneously administered to inhibit the Baicalin-induced autophagy, abrogating the protective effect of Baicalin on the mitochondrial apoptotic level. CONCLUSION We illustrated that Baicalin-induced activation of autophagy alleviates apoptotic death and protects the hippocampus of SE rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Han-Yu Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ri-Sheng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Neurosurgery Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting-Ming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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Spencer HF, Boese M, Berman RY, Radford KD, Choi KH. Effects of a Subanesthetic Ketamine Infusion on Inflammatory and Behavioral Outcomes after Closed Head Injury in Rats. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:941. [PMID: 37627826 PMCID: PMC10452037 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people annually, and most cases are classified as mild TBI (mTBI). Ketamine is a potent trauma analgesic and anesthetic with anti-inflammatory properties. However, ketamine's effects on post-mTBI outcomes are not well characterized. For the current study, we used the Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA), which replicates the biomechanics of a closed-head impact with resulting free head movement. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats sustained a single-session, repeated-impacts CHIMERA injury. An hour after the injury, rats received an intravenous ketamine infusion (0, 10, or 20 mg/kg, 2 h period), during which locomotor activity was monitored. Catheter blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 5, and 24 h after the CHIMERA injury for plasma cytokine assays. Behavioral assays were conducted on post-injury days (PID) 1 to 4 and included rotarod, locomotor activity, acoustic startle reflex (ASR), and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI). Brain tissue samples were collected at PID 4 and processed for GFAP (astrocytes), Iba-1 (microglia), and silver staining (axonal injury). Ketamine dose-dependently altered locomotor activity during the infusion and reduced KC/GRO, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels after the infusion. CHIMERA produced a delayed deficit in rotarod performance (PID 3) and significant axonal damage in the optic tract (PID 4), without significant changes in other behavioral or histological measures. Notably, subanesthetic doses of intravenous ketamine infusion after mTBI did not produce adverse effects on behavioral outcomes in PID 1-4 or neuroinflammation on PID 4. A further study is warranted to thoroughly investigate beneficial effects of IV ketamine on mTBI given multi-modal properties of ketamine in traumatic injury and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley F. Spencer
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Martin Boese
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (M.B.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Rina Y. Berman
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Kennett D. Radford
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (M.B.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Kwang H. Choi
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (M.B.); (K.D.R.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Genovese T, Duranti A, Monaco F, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, D’Amico R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Regulates NF-kb Pathways Reducing Bleomycin-Induced Chronic Lung Inflammation and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10125. [PMID: 37373275 PMCID: PMC10298572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The deadly interstitial lung condition known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) worsens over time and for no apparent reason. The traditional therapy approaches for IPF, which include corticosteroids and immunomodulatory drugs, are often ineffective and can have noticeable side effects. The endocannabinoids are hydrolyzed by a membrane protein called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Increasing endogenous levels of endocannabinoid by pharmacologically inhibiting FAAH results in numerous analgesic advantages in a variety of experimental models for pre-clinical pain and inflammation. In our study, we mimicked IPF by administering intratracheal bleomycin, and we administered oral URB878 at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The histological changes, cell infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inflammation, and nitrosative stress caused by bleomycin were all reduced by URB878. Our data clearly demonstrate for the first time that the inhibition of FAAH activity was able to counteract not only the histological alteration bleomycin-induced but also the cascade of related inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
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Maina M, Mbaria J, Kamanja I, Moriasi G. Acute oral toxicity, cognitive-enhancing and anti-lipid peroxidation efficacy, and qualitative phytochemistry of the aqueous aerial part extract of Launaea cornuta (Hochst. ex. Oliv. &Hiern) C. Jeffrey. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15487. [PMID: 37123958 PMCID: PMC10131077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no cure for dementia or its related cognitive impairments. Available treatments only provide symptomatic relief and do not alter the disease's progression and they suffer serious drawbacks limiting their clinical use, hence the need for alternative therapies. Although Launaea cornuta has been used traditionally to treat cognitive deficits, its pharmacological efficacy and safety have not been empirically validated, prompting this study. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was examined in Swiss albino mice using the up-and-down procedure described by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline number 425. The Morris water maze technique was adopted in assessing cognitive-enhancing effects of the extract in ketamine-induced cognitive-impaired mice. The malondialdehyde concentrations in the whole brain of experimental mice involved in the MWM experiment were measured to determine the extract's anti-lipid peroxidation efficacy. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract was performed using standard procedures. Our results showed that the test extract was safe and did not cause any clinical signs of acute oral toxicity in mice at all doses (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg BW). Moreover, the extract significantly improved cognitive function in ketamine-induced cognitive-impaired mice in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by reduced escape latency, navigation distance, and longer latency in the target quadrant during the probe trial. The extract also significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentrations in mice in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating its antioxidative stress efficacy. The studied extract contained various phytochemicals associated with cognitive enhancement and antioxidant efficacy, among other pharmacologic effects. Further empirical studies are needed to determine and characterise the extract's specific cognitive-enhancing compounds, specific mechanisms of action, and complete toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Maina
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, PO BOX 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Corresponding author. Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, PO BOX 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - James Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, PO BOX 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Irene Kamanja
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Egerton University, PO BOX 13357 - 20100, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Gervason Moriasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, PO BOX 43844-00100-GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mount Kenya University, PO BOX 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, PO BOX 43844-00100-GPO, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Tarudji AW, Miller HA, Curtis ET, Porter CL, Madsen GL, Kievit FM. Sex-based differences of antioxidant enzyme nanoparticle effects following traumatic brain injury. J Control Release 2023; 355:149-159. [PMID: 36720285 PMCID: PMC10006352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released in excess, causing oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, and cell death, which induce the additional release of ROS. The limited accumulation and retention of small molecule antioxidants commonly used in clinical trials likely limit the target engagement and therapeutic effect in reducing secondary injury. Small molecule drugs also need to be administered every several hours to maintain bioavailability in the brain. Therefore, there is a need for a burst and sustained release system with high accumulation and retention in the injured brain. Here, we utilized Pro-NP™ with a size of 200 nm, which was designed to have a burst and sustained release of encapsulated antioxidants, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT), to scavenge ROS for >24 h post-injection. Here, we utilized a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of TBI and found the accumulation of Pro-NP™ in the brain lesion was highest when injected immediately after injury, with a reduction in the accumulation with delayed administration of 1 h or more post-injury. Pro-NP™ treatment with 9000 U/kg SOD1 and 9800 U/kg CAT gave the highest reduction in ROS in both male and female mice. We found that Pro-NP™ treatment was effective in reducing carbonyl stress and necrosis at 1 d post-injury in the contralateral hemisphere in male mice, which showed a similar trend to untreated female mice. Although we found that male and female mice similarly benefit from Pro-NP™ treatment in reducing ROS levels 4 h post-injury, Pro-NP™ treatment did not significantly affect markers of post-traumatic oxidative stress in female CCI mice as compared to male CCI mice. These findings of protection by Pro-NP™ in male mice did not extend to 7 d post-injury, which suggests subsequent treatments with Pro-NP™ may be needed to afford protection into the chronic phase of injury. Overall, these different treatment effects of Pro-NP™ between male and female mice suggest important sex-based differences in response to antioxidant nanoparticle delivery and that there may exist a maximal benefit from local antioxidant activity in injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Evan T Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Gary L Madsen
- ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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10
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Davis JA, Grau JW. Protecting the injured central nervous system: Do anesthesia or hypothermia ameliorate secondary injury? Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114349. [PMID: 36775099 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) and stroke initiate a cascade of processes that expand the area of tissue loss. The current review considers recent studies demonstrating that the induction of an anesthetic state or cooling the affected tissue (hypothermia) soon after injury can have a therapeutic effect. We first provide an overview of the neurobiological processes that fuel tissue loss after traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. We then examine the rehabilitative effectiveness of therapeutic anesthesia across a variety of drug categories through a systematic review of papers in the PubMed database. We also review the therapeutic benefits hypothermia, another treatment that quells neural activity. We conclude by considering factors related to the safety, efficacy and timing of treatment, as well as the mechanisms of action. Clinical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Davis
- Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - James W Grau
- Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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11
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Chen J, Zhang D, Zhang J, Wang Y. Pathological changes in the brain after peripheral burns. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkac061. [PMID: 36865685 PMCID: PMC9972189 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain injuries are common complications in patients with thermal burns and are associated with unpleasant outcomes. In clinical settings, it was once believed that brain injuries were not major pathological processes after burn, at least in part due to the unavailability of specific clinical manifestations. Burn-related brain injuries have been studied for more than a century, but the underlying pathophysiology has not been completely clarified. This article reviews the pathological changes in the brain following peripheral burns at the anatomical, histological, cytological, molecular and cognitive levels. Therapeutic indications based on brain injury as well as future directions for research have been summarized and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigang Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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12
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Xiao S, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Yang D. Ketamine Attenuates Airway Inflammation via Inducing Inflammatory Cells Apoptosis and Activating Nrf2 Pathway in a Mixed-Granulocytic Murine Asthma Model. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4411-4428. [PMID: 36597444 PMCID: PMC9805722 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s391010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of ketamine, an anesthetic, as a treatment for asthma has been investigated in numerous studies. However, how ketamine affects asthma is unclear. The present study examined the effects of ketamine on a murine model of mixed-granulocytic asthma, and the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods The murine model of mixed-granulocytic asthma was established using ovalbumin (OVA) for sensitization and the combination of OVA and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for challenge. The main characteristics of asthma, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the expression of the Nrf2 pathway were examined. ML385 was administered to verify the role of the Nrf2 pathway. Results Mice in the OVA +LPS group developed asthmatic characteristics, including airway hyperresponsiveness, mixed-granulocytic airway inflammation, mucus overproduction, as well as increased levels of oxidative stress and impaired apoptosis of inflammatory cells. Among the three concentrations, ketamine at 75mg/kg effectively attenuated these asthmatic symptoms, activated the Nrf2 pathway, decreased oxidative stress, and induced apoptosis of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with a reducing level of myeloid cell leukemia 1(Mcl-1). ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) eliminated the protective effects of ketamine on the mixed-granulocytic asthma model. Conclusion The study concluded that ketamine reduced oxidative stress and attenuated asthmatic symptoms (neutrophilic airway inflammation) by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, with 75 mg/kg ketamine showing the best results. Ketamine administration also increased neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis in BALF, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. The use of ketamine as a treatment for asthma may therefore be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Yang, Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100144, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13661267522, Email
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13
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Jacquens A, Needham EJ, Zanier ER, Degos V, Gressens P, Menon D. Neuro-Inflammation Modulation and Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Lesions: From Bench to Bed-Side. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911193. [PMID: 36232495 PMCID: PMC9570205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head trauma is the most common cause of disability in young adults. Known as a silent epidemic, it can cause a mosaic of symptoms, whether neurological (sensory-motor deficits), psychiatric (depressive and anxiety symptoms), or somatic (vertigo, tinnitus, phosphenes). Furthermore, cranial trauma (CT) in children presents several particularities in terms of epidemiology, mechanism, and physiopathology-notably linked to the attack of an immature organ. As in adults, head trauma in children can have lifelong repercussions and can cause social and family isolation, difficulties at school, and, later, socio-professional adversity. Improving management of the pre-hospital and rehabilitation course of these patients reduces secondary morbidity and mortality, but often not without long-term disability. One hypothesized contributor to this process is chronic neuroinflammation, which could accompany primary lesions and facilitate their development into tertiary lesions. Neuroinflammation is a complex process involving different actors such as glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes), the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, production of oxygen derivatives, cytokine release, tissue damage, and neuronal death. Several studies have investigated the effect of various treatments on the neuroinflammatory response in traumatic brain injury in vitro and in animal and human models. The aim of this review is to examine the various anti-inflammatory therapies that have been implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Jacquens
- Unité de Neuroanesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière 43-87, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et Neurovasculaires, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42-16-00-00
| | - Edward J. Needham
- Division of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Elisa R. Zanier
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Degos
- Unité de Neuroanesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière 43-87, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et Neurovasculaires, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et Neurovasculaires, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - David Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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14
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Mahmarzayeva D, Bayrak BB, Turkyilmaz IB, Sacan O, Yanardag R. Oxidative brain and cerebellum injury induced by d-galactosamine: Protective effect of S-methyl methionine sulfonium chloride. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23126. [PMID: 35673974 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the protective effects of S-methyl methionine sulfonium chloride (MMSC) against galactosamine (GalN)-induced brain and cerebellum injury in rats. A total of 22 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Group I (n = 5), intact animals; Group II (n = 6), animals received 50 mg/kg/day of MMSC by gavage technique for 3 consecutive days; Group III (n = 5), animals injected with a single dose of 500 mg/kg of GalN intraperitoneally (ip); and Group IV (n = 6), animals injected with the same dose of GalN 1 h after MMSC treatment. After 6 h of the last GalN treatment (at the end of the experiments), all animals were killed under anesthesia, brain and cerebellum tissues were dissected out. Reduced glutathione, total antioxidant status levels, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-related enzymes), aryl esterase, and carbonic anhydrase activities remarkably declined whereas advanced oxidized protein products, reactive oxygen species, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels, and myeloperoxidase, acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, and xanthine oxidase activities were significantly elevated in the GalN group compared with intact rats. In contrast, the administration of MMSC to GalN groups reversed these alterations. In conclusion, we may suggest that MMSC has protective effects against GalN-induced brain and cerebellar toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dastagul Mahmarzayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bertan Boran Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Ketamine administration ameliorates anesthesia and surgery‑induced cognitive dysfunction via activation of TRPV4 channel opening. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:478. [PMID: 35761804 PMCID: PMC9214599 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Spencer HF, Berman RY, Boese M, Zhang M, Kim SY, Radford KD, Choi KH. Effects of an intravenous ketamine infusion on inflammatory cytokine levels in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:75. [PMID: 35379262 PMCID: PMC8981848 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02434-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine, a multimodal dissociative anesthetic drug, is widely used as an analgesic following traumatic injury. Although ketamine may produce anti-inflammatory effects when administered after injury, the immunomodulatory properties of intravenous (IV) ketamine in a non-inflammatory condition are unclear. In addition, most preclinical studies use an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of ketamine, which limits its clinical translation as patients usually receive an IV ketamine infusion after injury. Methods Here, we administered sub-anesthetic doses of a single IV ketamine infusion (0, 10, or 40 mg/kg) to male and female Sprague–Dawley rats over a 2-h period. We collected blood samples at 2- and 4-h post-ketamine infusion to determine plasma inflammatory cytokine levels using multiplex immunoassays. Results The 10 mg/kg ketamine infusion reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in male and female rats, while the 40 mg/kg infusion stimulated activity in female, but not male, rats. The IV ketamine infusion produced dose-dependent and sex-specific effects on plasma inflammatory cytokine levels. A ketamine infusion reduced KC/GRO and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in both male and female rats, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in female rats, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in male rats. However, most cytokine levels returned to control levels at 4-h post-infusion, except for IL-6 levels in male rats and TNF-α levels in female rats, indicating a different trajectory of certain cytokine changes over time following ketamine administration. Conclusions The current findings suggest that sub-anesthetic doses of an IV ketamine infusion may produce sex-related differences in the effects on peripheral inflammatory markers in rodents, and further research is warranted to determine potential therapeutic effects of an IV ketamine infusion in an inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley F Spencer
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rina Y Berman
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Martin Boese
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sharon Y Kim
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kennett D Radford
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kwang H Choi
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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17
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Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibition Plays a Key Role in Counteracting Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052781. [PMID: 35269926 PMCID: PMC8910911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a group of lung illnesses characterized by severe inflammation, with no treatment. The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme is an integral membrane protein responsible for the hydrolysis of the main endocannabinoids, such as anandamide (AEA). In pre-clinical pain and inflammation models, increasing the endogenous levels of AEA and other bioactive fatty acid amides (FAAs) via genetic deletion or the pharmacological inhibition of FAAH produces many analgesic benefits in several different experimental models. To date, nobody has investigated the role of FAAH inhibition on an ALI mouse model. Mice were subjected to a carrageenan injection and treated orally 1 h after with the FAAH inhibitor URB878 dissolved in a vehicle consisting of 10% PEG-400, 10% Tween-80 and 80% saline at different doses: The inhibition of FAAH activity was able to counteract not only the CAR-induced histological alteration, but also the cascade of related inflammatory events. URB878 clears the way for further studies based on FAAH inhibition in acute lung pathologies.
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18
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Ketamine inhibits TNF-α-induced cecal damage by enhancing RIP1 ubiquitination to attenuate lethal SIRS. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:72. [PMID: 35184141 PMCID: PMC8857635 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a sepsis-associated inflammatory state and a self-defense mechanism against specific and nonspecific stimuli. Ketamine influences many key processes that are altered during sepsis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, TNF-α-treated mice, as well as HT-29 and L929 cell models, were applied to characterize TNF-α-induced systemic and local cecal tissue inflammatory responses. Behavioral, biochemical, histological, and molecular biological approaches were applied to illustrate the related processes. Mice with TNF-α-induced SIRS showed systemic and local cecal tissue inflammatory responses, as indicated by increased levels of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), chemokines (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10, as well as high mortality. Ketamine pretreatment alleviated death rates, symptoms, and the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by TNF-α in mice. Moreover, ketamine also protected the mice from TNF-α-induced cecal damage by suppressing the phosphorylation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). In addition, our results showed that ketamine efficiently inhibited TNF-α-induced necroptosis in HT-29 and L929 cells. Furthermore, we explored the mechanism using different L929 cell lines. The results displayed that ketamine inhibited TNF-α-induced necroptosis by enhancing RIP1 ubiquitination and reducing the RIP1-RIP3 and RIP3-MLKL interactions, as well as the formation of necrosomes. Thus, our study may provide a new theoretical and experimental basis for treating diseases characterized by SIRS-associated inflammatory factor storms. Moreover, our exploration may provide potential molecular mechanisms and targets for therapeutic intervention and clinical application of ketamine.
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Genovese T, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Gugliandolo E, Morabito R, Cuzzocrea S, Trovato Salinaro A, Cordaro M, Di Paola R. Atrazine Inhalation Causes Neuroinflammation, Apoptosis and Accelerating Brain Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7938. [PMID: 34360708 PMCID: PMC8347547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND exposure to environmental contaminants has been linked to an increased risk of neurological diseases and poor outcomes. Chemical name of Atrazine (ATR) is 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, and it is the most commonly used broad-spectrum herbicide in agricultural crops. Several studies have demonstrated that ATR has the potential to be harmful to the brain's neuronal circuits. Until today nobody has explored the effect of ATR inhalation on young and aged mice. METHODS young and aged mice were subject to 25 mg of ATR in a vehicle made with saline and 10% of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) every day for 28 days. At the end of experiment different behavioral test were made and brain was collected. RESULTS exposure to ATR induced the same response in terms of behavioral alterations and motor and memory impairment in mice but in aged group was more marked. Additionally, in both young and aged mice ATR inhalations induced oxidative stress with impairment in physiological antioxidant response, lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (nf-κb) pathways activation with consequences of pro-inflammatory cytokines release and apoptosis. However, the older group was shown to be more sensitive to ATR inhalation. CONCLUSIONS our results showed that aged mice were more susceptible compared to young mice to air pollutants exposure, put in place a minor physiologically response was seen when exposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
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20
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Schwenk ES, Pradhan B, Nalamasu R, Stolle L, Wainer IW, Cirullo M, Olsen A, Pergolizzi JV, Torjman MC, Viscusi ER. Ketamine in the Past, Present, and Future: Mechanisms, Metabolites, and Toxicity. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021; 25:57. [PMID: 34269883 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-021-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While ketamine's analgesia has mostly been attributed to antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, evidence suggests multiple other pathways are involved in its antidepressant and possibly analgesic activity. These mechanisms and ketamine's role in the nociplastic pain paradigm are discussed. Animal studies demonstrating ketamine's neurotoxicity have unclear human translatability and findings from key rodent and human studies are presented. RECENT FINDINGS Ketamine's metabolites, and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in particular, may play a greater role in its clinical activity than previously believed. The activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and the mammalian target of rapamycin by ketamine are mechanisms that are still being elucidated. Ketamine might work best in nociplastic pain, which involves altered pain processing. While much is known about ketamine, new studies will continue to define its role in clinical medicine. Evidence supporting ketamine's neurotoxicity in humans is lacking and should not impede future ketamine clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Schwenk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Gibbon Building, 8290, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Basant Pradhan
- Psychiatry & Pediatrics, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Rohit Nalamasu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Cirullo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Gibbon Building, 8290, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | | | - Marc C Torjman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Gibbon Building, 8290, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Eugene R Viscusi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Gibbon Building, 8290, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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21
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Gu Q, Kanungo J. Effect of ketamine on gene expression in zebrafish embryos. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:2083-2089. [PMID: 34002392 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Used as an anesthetic, potential neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects of ketamine in animal models have been reported. The underlying mechanisms of ketamine-induced toxicity are not clear. The zebrafish is an ideal model for toxicity assays because of its predictive capability in chemical testing, which compares well with that of mammalian models. To gain insight into potential mechanisms of ketamine effects, we performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression array analyses. Gene expression analysis was conducted for multiple genes (a total of 84) related to 10 major signaling pathways including the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), Wingless and Int-1 (Wnt), nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), p53, Notch, Hedgehog, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), oxidative stress, and hypoxia pathways. Our results show that ketamine altered the expression of specific genes related to hypoxia, p53, Wnt, Notch, TGFβ, PPAR, and oxidative stress pathways. Thus, we can further focus on these specific pathways to elucidate the mechanisms by which ketamine elicits a toxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Alqahtani F, Assiri MA, Mohany M, Imran I, Javaid S, Rasool MF, Shakeel W, Sivandzade F, Alanazi AZ, Al-Rejaie SS, Alshammari MA, Alasmari F, Alanazi MM, Alamri FF. Coadministration of Ketamine and Perampanel Improves Behavioral Function and Reduces Inflammation in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3193725. [PMID: 33381547 PMCID: PMC7749776 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3193725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most debilitating neurological disorders with inadequate therapeutic options. It affects all age groups globally leading to post-TBI behavioral challenges and life-long disabilities requiring interventions for these health issues. In the current study, C57BL/6J mice were induced with TBI through the weight-drop method, and outcomes of acutely administered ketamine alone and in combination with perampanel were observed. The impact of test drugs was evaluated for post-TBI behavioral changes by employing the open field test (OFT), Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test (NOR). After that, isolated plasma and brain homogenates were analyzed for inflammatory modulators, i.e., NF-κB and iNOS, through ELISA. Moreover, metabolomic studies were carried out to further authenticate the TBI rescuing potential of drugs. The animals treated with ketamine-perampanel combination demonstrated improved exploratory behavior in OFT (P < 0.05), while ketamine alone as well as in combination yielded anxiolytic effect (P < 0.05-0.001) in posttraumatic mice. Similarly, the % spontaneous alternation and % discrimination index were increased after the administration of ketamine alone (P < 0.05) and ketamine-perampanel combination (P < 0.01-0.001) in the Y-maze test and NOR test, respectively. ELISA demonstrated the reduced central and peripheral expression of NF-κB (P < 0.05) and iNOS (P < 0.01-0.0001) after ketamine-perampanel polypharmacy. The TBI-imparted alteration in plasma metabolites was restored by drug combination as evidenced by metabolomic studies. The outcomes were fruitful with ketamine, but the combination therapy proved more significant in improving all studied parameters. The benefits of this new investigated polypharmacy might be due to their antiglutamatergic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sana Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Shakeel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ahmed Z. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal F. Alamri
- College of Sciences and Health Profession, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Oxidative stress under general intravenous and inhalation anaesthesia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:169-177. [PMID: 33074169 PMCID: PMC7968496 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) production overwhelms cell protection by antioxidants. This review is focused on general anaesthesia-induced oxidative stress because it increases the rate of complications and delays recovery after surgery. It is important to know what effects of anaesthetics to expect in terms of oxidative stress, particularly in surgical procedures with high ROS production, because their either additive or antagonistic effect may be pivotal for the outcome of surgery. In vitro and animal studies on this topic are numerous but show large variability. There are not many human studies and what we know has been learned from different surgical procedures measuring different endpoints in blood samples taken mostly before and after surgery. In these studies most intravenous anaesthetics have antioxidative properties, while volatile anaesthetics temporarily increase oxidative stress in longer surgical procedures.
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Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Kempuraj D, Raikwar SP, Thangavel R, Bazley K, Wu K, Khan O, Khan A, Zaheer S, Iyer S, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Glia Maturation Factor (GMF) Regulates Microglial Expression Phenotypes and the Associated Neurological Deficits in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4438-4450. [PMID: 32737763 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces inflammatory responses through microglial activation and polarization towards a more inflammatory state that contributes to the deleterious secondary brain injury. Glia maturation factor (GMF) is a pro-inflammatory protein that is responsible for neuroinflammation following insult to the brain, such as in TBI. We hypothesized that the absence of GMF in GMF-knockout (GMF-KO) mice would regulate microglial activation state and the M1/M2 phenotypes following TBI. We used the weight drop model of TBI in C57BL/6 mice wild-type (WT) and GMF-KO mice. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, and ELISA assays were performed to confirm TBI-induced histopathological and neuroinflammatory changes. Behavioral analysis was done to check motor coordination ability and cognitive function. We demonstrated that the deletion of GMF in GMF-KO mice significantly limited lesion volume, attenuated neuronal loss, inhibited gliosis, and activated microglia adopted predominantly anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Using an ELISA method, we found a gradual decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in GMF-KO mice compared with WT mice, thus, promoting the transition of microglia towards a more predominantly anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. GMF-KO mice showed significant improvement in motor ability, memory, and cognition. Overall, our results demonstrate that GMF deficiency regulates microglial polarization, which ameliorates neuronal injury and behavioral impairments following TBI in mice and concludes that GMF is a regulator of neuroinflammation and an ideal therapeutic target for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kieran Bazley
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kristopher Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Osaid Khan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Asher Khan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Shankar Iyer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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25
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The comparison of the effects of ketamine and etomidate on cardiodynamics, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in Wistar male rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:125-134. [PMID: 32715407 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known the use of ketamine and etomidate in clinical practice; however, the difference in the systemic effects of these two anesthetic agents is still debatable. Thus, in the present study we aimed to compare their effects on heart, and other organs through estimation of cardiodynamics, biochemical and hematological parameters. Male Wistar rats were divided in 2 groups containing of 2 subgroups (n = 7 in each subgroup, n = 28 in total): (1) bolus injection of anesthetic ketamine (40 mg/kg b.w., i.p. n = 14); (2) bolus injection of anesthetic etomidate (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p. n = 14). The experiments were done in vitro in one subgroup of each group: cardiodynamic variables (dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, heart rate), coronary flow, oxidative stress in coronary effluent and cardiac tissue homogenate, and in vivo in another subgroup: biochemical and hematological parameters, and oxidative stress in haemolysate. Significantly increased left ventricular contractility (dp/dtmax) and relaxation (dp/dtmin) were noticed in etomidate group. Creatinine (CREA), HDL cholesterol and folate were significantly higher in etomidate group, whereas amylase (AMY) and eosinophils in ketamine group. Our results suggested that ketamine has more antioxidant potential compared to etomidate, and etomidate has more favorable effects regarding cardiac performance.
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Rui T, Li Q, Song S, Gao Y, Luo C. Ferroptosis-relevant mechanisms and biomarkers for therapeutic interventions in traumatic brain injury. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1105-1113. [PMID: 32459001 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most significant health care problems worldwide, causing disability and death especially among young individuals. Although a large range of agents and therapies have been proved beneficial to lesions post-TBI to some extent, effective treatments have not been translated to the clinic. As a newly discovered form of iron-dependent regulated cell death, ferroptosis has been implicated in TBI. In this review, we update the current state of knowledge related to second injuries post-TBI, including ferroptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and so on, which often lead to chronic symptoms and long-term disability. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress in the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI, with a focus on providing references for proposing new multi-molecular targets for comprehensive therapeutic strategies based on ferroptosis-relevant mechanisms. In addition, biomarkers are essential diagnostic and prognostic tools in TBI. Several biomarkers associated with the outcome of TBI have been listed in this article, such as Pde10a, MDA, UCH-L1, S100A9, S100B, ALDOC, ACSL4, MBP and F2-Isoprostane. Therefore, the understating of ferroptosis-relevant mechanisms and biomarkers may contribute to development of promising therapies for TBI clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Rui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shunchen Song
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Sodium aescinate provides neuroprotection in experimental traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:26-36. [PMID: 32014567 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium aescinate (SA), a natural plant extract, has been proven to provide neuroprotection in neurological diseases. However, its role and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are still not well understood. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of SA in both in vivo and in vitro TBI models. Mice or neurons were randomly divided into control, TBI, TBI + vehicle and TBI + SA groups. Neurologic severity score (NSS) was used to evaluate the neurological impairment. Brain water content and lesion volume were used to assess the brain injury degree. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were used to estimate oxidative stress. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels. Nissl and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick 3'-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to measure cell death and apoptosis. Our results revealed that treatment of SA could improve neurological function, decrease cerebral edema and attenuate brain lesion after TBI. Furthermore, administration of SA suppressed TBI-induced oxidative stress, neuron cell death and apoptosis. In addition, SA activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway after TBI. However, SA failed to provide neuroprotection following TBI in Nrf2-/- mice. Taken together, our results provided the first evidence that SA treatment played a key role in neuroprotection after TBI through the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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Wang T, Zhu H, Hou Y, Duan W, Meng F, Liu Y. Ketamine attenuates high-glucose-mediated endothelial inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:156-161. [PMID: 32078386 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia mediates oxidative stress, thus inducing transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, increasing endothelial adhesion molecule expression and monocyte/endothelial interaction, and resulting in endothelial injury. Ketamine was reported to attenuate oxidative stress in many cases. In this research, we determined whether and how ketamine protects against high-glucose-mediated augmentation of monocyte/endothelial interaction and endothelial adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. High glucose augmented monocyte/endothelial adhesion and endothelial adhesion molecule expression. High glucose induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and augmented phospho-protein kinase C (p-PKC) βII expression and PKC activity. Moreover, high glucose inhibited the inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor-κBα (IκBα) expression in the cytoplasm and induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Importantly, the effects induced by high glucose were counteracted by ketamine treatment. Further, CGP53353, a PKC βII inhibitor, inhibited high-glucose-mediated NF-κB nuclear translocation, attenuated adhesion molecule expression, and reduced monocyte/endothelial interaction. Further, these effects of ketamine against high-glucose-induced endothelial injury were inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a PKC βII activator. In conclusion, ketamine, via reducing ROS accumulation, inhibited PKC βII Ser660 phosphorylation and PKC and NF-κB activation and reduced high-glucose-induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and monocyte/endothelial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhai Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xinjiang Medical University, Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Hongge Zhu
- Department of Second Pulmonary Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yanshen Hou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xinjiang Medical University, Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Wenming Duan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xinjiang Medical University, Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Fufen Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xinjiang Medical University, Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Yahua Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xinjiang Medical University, Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Xinjiang, PR China
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29
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Bebarta VS, Mora AG, Bebarta EK, Reeves LK, Maddry JK, Schauer SG, Lairet JR. Prehospital Use of Ketamine in the Combat Setting: A Sub-Analysis of Patients With Head Injuries Evaluated in the Prospective Life Saving Intervention Study. Mil Med 2020; 185:136-142. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Ketamine is used as an analgesic for combat injuries. Ketamine may worsen brain injury, but new studies suggest neuroprotection. Our objective was to report the outcomes of combat casualties with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received prehospital ketamine.
Methods
This was a post hoc, sub-analysis of a larger prospective, multicenter study (the Life Saving Intervention study [LSI]) evaluating prehospital interventions performed in Afghanistan. A DoD Trauma Registry query provided disposition at discharge and outcomes to be linked with the LSI data.
Results
For this study, we enrolled casualties that were suspected to have TBI (n = 160). Most were 26-year-old males (98%) with explosion-related injuries (66%), a median injury severity score of 12, and 5% mortality. Fifty-seven percent (n = 91) received an analgesic, 29% (n = 46) ketamine, 28% (n = 45) other analgesic (OA), and 43% (n = 69) no analgesic (NA). The ketamine group had more pelvic injuries (P = 0.0302) and tourniquets (P = 0.0041) compared to OA. In comparison to NA, the ketamine group was more severely injured and more likely to require LSI procedures, yet, had similar vital signs at admission and disposition at discharge.
Conclusions
We found that combat casualties with suspected TBI that received prehospital ketamine had similar outcomes to those that received OAs or NAs despite injury differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikhyat S Bebarta
- 59th MDW/Chief Scientist Office, USAF En Route Care Research Center, JBSA-Lackland, TX; U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, JBSA-Lackland, TX 78236
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alejandra G Mora
- 59th MDW/Chief Scientist Office, USAF En Route Care Research Center, JBSA-Lackland, TX; U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, JBSA-Lackland, TX 78236
| | - Emma K Bebarta
- Cherry Creek High School, 9300 E Union Ave, Greenwood Village, CO 80111
| | - Lauren K Reeves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joseph K Maddry
- 59th MDW/Chief Scientist Office, USAF En Route Care Research Center, JBSA-Lackland, TX; U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, JBSA-Lackland, TX 78236
| | - Steve G Schauer
- 59th MDW/Chief Scientist Office, USAF En Route Care Research Center, JBSA-Lackland, TX; U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, JBSA-Lackland, TX 78236
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Julio R Lairet
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 531 Asbury Circle, Annex Building Suite N340, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Headquarters Georgia Air National Guard, 1000 Halsey Avenue Bldg. 447, Marietta, GA 30060
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30
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Distinctive effect of anesthetics on the effect of limb remote ischemic postconditioning following ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227624. [PMID: 31945776 PMCID: PMC6964983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb remote ischemic postconditioning (LRIP) has been reported as an effective method to reduce the induced experimental stroke damage after ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury. Studies suggest that anesthetics used during induction of ischemic stroke can reduce IR injury, which could affect the actual mechanisms of neuroprotection by LRIP. This study focuses on the comparative effects of anesthetics such as isoflurane and ketamine-xylazine on ischemic injury when used during LRIP. Adult C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized by isoflurane or halothane, and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced through insertion of the filament. Under isoflurane or ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, LRIP was performed after 90 min of reperfusion by carrying out three cycles of 5 min ischemia/5 min reperfusion of the bilateral hind limbs for one session per day for a total of 3 days. Results showed that the use of different anesthetics—isoflurane or ketamine-xylazine—during LRIP had no effects on body weight. However, LRIP was able to improve neurological function as observed by the neurological deficit score in ischemic mice. Interestingly, the neurological deficit in the group where ketamine-xylazine was used was better than the group where isoflurane was used during LRIP. Furthermore, the LRIP was able to prolong the period of the ischemic mice on the rotarod and this effect was more significant in the groups where ketamine-xylazine was used during LRIP. Moreover, LRIP significantly attenuated the infarction volume; however, this effect was independent of the anesthetic used during LRIP. From these results, we conclude that ischemic mice that were subjected to LRIP under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia had better neurological deficit outcomes after stroke.
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Zhou X, Liu J, Yang S, Su Y, Meng Z, Hu Y. Ketamine ameliorates hypoxia-induced endothelial injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1865. [PMID: 32935825 PMCID: PMC7470431 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypoxia leads to endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and damage, which plays an important role in the complications associated with ischemic cardiovascular disease. As an oxidoreductase, p66Shc plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Ketamine is widely used in clinics. This study was designed to assess the potential protective effect of ketamine against hypoxia-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, we explored the potential mechanism by which ketamine protected against hypoxia-induced endothelial injury. METHODS The protective effects of ketamine against hypoxia-induced injury was assessed using cell viability and adhesion assays, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS Our data showed that hypoxia reduced HUVEC viability, increased the adhesion between HUVECs and monocytes, and upregulated the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules at the protein and mRNA levels. Moreover, hypoxia increased ROS accumulation and upregulated p66Shc expression. Furthermore, hypoxia downregulated sirt1 expression in HUVECs. Alternatively, ketamine was shown to reverse the hypoxia-mediated reduction of cell viability and increase in the adhesion between HUVECs and monocytes, ameliorate hypoxia-induced ROS accumulation, and suppress p66Shc expression. Moreover, EX527, a sirt1 inhibitor, reversed the protective effects of ketamine against the hypoxia-mediated reduction of cell viability and increase in adhesion between HUVECs and monocytes. CONCLUSION Ketamine reduces hypoxia-induced p66Shc expression and attenuates ROS accumulation via upregulating sirt1 in HUVECs, thus attenuating hypoxia-induced endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Huzhou Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyi Yang
- Affiliated Central Hospital, HuZhou University, Emergency Department of Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanguang Su
- Anesthesiology Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Anesthesiology Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
| | - Yuqin Hu
- Anesthesiology Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou 31300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
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Li Z, Xu R, Zhu X, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu W. MicroRNA-23a-3p improves traumatic brain injury through modulating the neurological apoptosis and inflammation response in mice. Cell Cycle 2019; 19:24-38. [PMID: 31818176 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1691763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary brain damage plays an important role in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and inhibition of this damage has benefit for TBI treatment. However, the pathogenesis of secondary brain damage remains largely unknown. Here, we tried to explore the influence of microRNAs (miRNAs) on neuron apoptosis and inflammatory response after TBI. Firstly, the miRNA expression profiles were analyzed in the cerebral cortex tissues from the TBI mice model (controlled cortical impact) using miRNA microarray. miR-23a-3p (miR-23a) attracted our attention as its suppressive effects on apoptosis and inflammation. The further results showed that miR-23a upregulation improved long-term neurological function, the neuron apoptosis, and inhibited neuroinflammation, whereas knockdown of miR-23a had an opposite result. Using etoposide-induced primary cortical neurons injury model, we found that miR-23a was decreased in this cell model and miR-23a overexpression-suppressed etoposide induced the activity of caspase 3 and the releases of inflammatory mediators in primary cortical neurons. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a well‑known regulator of the AKT/mTOR pathway, was found to be a direct target of miR‑23a in the primary cortical neurons. Most importantly, it was found that miR-23a overexpression reactivated the AKT/mTOR pathway in TBI mice model, as demonstrated by the upregulation of phosphorylated (p‑)AKT and p‑mTOR. Taken together, these data indicate that miR-23a may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu Q, Li R, Qu W, Li B, Yang W, Cui R. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of depression after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tannich F, Tlili A, Pintard C, Chniguir A, Eto B, Dang PMC, Souilem O, El-Benna J. Activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2 and myeloperoxidase in the mouse brain during pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy and inhibition by ketamine. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:487-497. [PMID: 31667656 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can induce tissue injury involved in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as neurodegeneration observed in pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist has beneficial effects in pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy, when administered within minutes of seizure to avoid the harmful neurological lesions induced by pilocarpine. However, the enzymes involved in ROS productions and the effect of ketamine on this process remain less documented. Here we show that during pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in mice, the expression of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2 subunits (NOX2/gp91phox, p22phox, and p47phox) and the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were dramatically increased in mice brain treated with pilocarpine. Interestingly, treatment of mice with ketamine before or after pilocarpine administration decreased this process, mainly when injected before pilocarpine. Finally, our results showed that pilocarpine induced p47phox phosphorylation and H2O2 production in mice brain and ketamine was able to inhibit these processes. Our results show that pilocarpine induced NOX2 activation to produce ROS in mice brain and that administration of ketamine before or after the induction of temporal lobe epilepsy by pilocarpine inhibited this activation in mice brain. These results suggest a key role of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2 and MPO in epilepsy and identify a novel effect of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Tannich
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia. .,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Functional Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Campus of Al-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia. .,INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
| | - Asma Tlili
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Pintard
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Amina Chniguir
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 59006, Lille, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Ouajdi Souilem
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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Lu Y, Ding X, Wu X, Huang S. Ketamine inhibits LPS‐mediated BV2 microglial inflammation via NMDA receptor blockage. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:229-237. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128 Shenyang road Shanghai200090China
| | - Xiaonan Ding
- Department of Anaesthesiology Huashan Hospital Fudan University No.12 Middle Wulumuqi road Shanghai200040China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Fudan University No. 270 Dongan road Shanghai China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University No. 270 Dongan road Shanghai China
| | - Shaoqiang Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128 Shenyang road Shanghai200090China
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Kassi AAY, Mahavadi AK, Clavijo A, Caliz D, Lee SW, Ahmed AI, Yokobori S, Hu Z, Spurlock MS, Wasserman JM, Rivera KN, Nodal S, Powell HR, Di L, Torres R, Leung LY, Rubiano AM, Bullock RM, Gajavelli S. Enduring Neuroprotective Effect of Subacute Neural Stem Cell Transplantation After Penetrating TBI. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1097. [PMID: 30719019 PMCID: PMC6348935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest cause of death and disability of persons under 45 years old, worldwide. Independent of the distribution, outcomes such as disability are associated with huge societal costs. The heterogeneity of TBI and its complicated biological response have helped clarify the limitations of current pharmacological approaches to TBI management. Five decades of effort have made some strides in reducing TBI mortality but little progress has been made to mitigate TBI-induced disability. Lessons learned from the failure of numerous randomized clinical trials and the inability to scale up results from single center clinical trials with neuroprotective agents led to the formation of organizations such as the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) Network, and international collaborative comparative effectiveness research (CER) to re-orient TBI clinical research. With initiatives such as TRACK-TBI, generating rich and comprehensive human datasets with demographic, clinical, genomic, proteomic, imaging, and detailed outcome data across multiple time points has become the focus of the field in the United States (US). In addition, government institutions such as the US Department of Defense are investing in groups such as Operation Brain Trauma Therapy (OBTT), a multicenter, pre-clinical drug-screening consortium to address the barriers in translation. The consensus from such efforts including “The Lancet Neurology Commission” and current literature is that unmitigated cell death processes, incomplete debris clearance, aberrant neurotoxic immune, and glia cell response induce progressive tissue loss and spatiotemporal magnification of primary TBI. Our analysis suggests that the focus of neuroprotection research needs to shift from protecting dying and injured neurons at acute time points to modulating the aberrant glial response in sub-acute and chronic time points. One unexpected agent with neuroprotective properties that shows promise is transplantation of neural stem cells. In this review we present (i) a short survey of TBI epidemiology and summary of current care, (ii) findings of past neuroprotective clinical trials and possible reasons for failure based upon insights from human and preclinical TBI pathophysiology studies, including our group's inflammation-centered approach, (iii) the unmet need of TBI and unproven treatments and lastly, (iv) present evidence to support the rationale for sub-acute neural stem cell therapy to mediate enduring neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia A Y Kassi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anil K Mahavadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Angelica Clavijo
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Daniela Caliz
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie W Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Aminul I Ahmed
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Markus S Spurlock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joseph M Wasserman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karla N Rivera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Samuel Nodal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Henry R Powell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Long Di
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rolando Torres
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lai Yee Leung
- Branch of Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andres Mariano Rubiano
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Ross M Bullock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Fang J, Zhu Y, Wang H, Cao B, Fei M, Niu W, Zhou Y, Wang X, Li X, Zhou M. Baicalin Protects Mice Brain From Apoptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury Model Through Activation of Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1006. [PMID: 30686973 PMCID: PMC6334745 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is associated with secondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is expected to be a therapeutic target. Baicalin, a neuroprotective agent, has been proven to exert multi-functional bioactive effects in brain injury diseases. However, it is unknown if Baicalin influences autophagy after TBI. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects that Baicalin had on TBI in a mice model, focusing on autophagy as a potential mechanism. We found that Baicalin administration significantly improved motor function, reduced cerebral edema, and alleviated disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after TBI in mice. Besides, TBI-induced apoptosis was reversed by Baicalin evidenced by Nissl staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the level of cleaved caspase-3. More importantly, Baicalin enhanced autophagy by detecting the autophagy markers (LC3, Beclin 1, and p62) using western blot and LC3 immunofluorescence staining, ameliorating mitochondrial apoptotic pathway evidenced by restoration of the TBI-induced translocation of Bax and cytochrome C. However, simultaneous treatment with 3-MA inhibited Baicalin-induced autophagy and abolished its protective effects on mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Baicalin enhanced autophagy, ameliorated mitochondrial apoptosis and protected mice brain in TBI mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bailu Cao
- Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Provincial Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Li Q, Wu X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, He F, Xu X, Zhang Z, Tao L, Luo C. Tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist L-733,060 and substance P deletion exert neuroprotection through inhibiting oxidative stress and cell death after traumatic brain injury in mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:154-165. [PMID: 30593954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is believed to play a role in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the inhibition of binding of SP to the tachykinin neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) using NK1R antagonists had made favorable effects on TBI. Our current study addresses the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of SP and NK1R antagonist L-733,060 following TBI. Adult male wild type C57BL/6 J and SP knock out (SPKO) mice received a controlled cortical impact and outcome parameters were assessed. The results showed that TBI-induced motor and spatial memory deficits, lesion volume, brain water content and blood-brain barrier disruption were alleviated both in L-733,060-treated C57BL/6 J mice and vehicle-treated SPKO mice. L-733,060 treatment and SP deletion inhibited TBI-induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm, activation of caspase-3, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Higher SP levels in serum and cortex were observed in wild type mice undergoing TBI relative to wild type sham group, but very little expression of cortical SP was detected in the SP-/- mice either TBI or not. Upregulation of NK1R expression after TBI was observed, and there was no significant difference between wild type and SPKO groups. in vitro, L-733,060 and SP deletion inhibited scratch injury-induced cell death, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following TBI. Together, the results of this study implicate a functional role for NK1-R antagonist L-733,060 and deletion of SP in TBI-induced neurological outcome, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation and cell death. Upregulation of NK1R maybe a consequence of TBI, independent of the levels of substance P. This study raises the possibility that targeting SP through its receptor NK1R or genetic deletion may have therapeutic efficacy in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Fang He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Onaolapo AY, Ayeni OJ, Ogundeji MO, Ajao A, Onaolapo OJ, Owolabi AR. Subchronic ketamine alters behaviour, metabolic indices and brain morphology in adolescent rats: Involvement of oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 96:22-33. [PMID: 30529750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic agent whose recreational use amongst adolescents and young adults is reaching epidemic proportions in a number of countries. While animal studies have examined the long-term detrimental effects of early-life ketamine exposure, there is a paucity of information on the immediate effects of ketamine following subchronic administration in the adolescence period. Adolescent rats were assigned into four groups of 10 animals each, administered intraperitoneal (i.p) injections of vehicle or one of three doses of ketamine (7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg daily) for 8 weeks, and then exposed to behavioural paradigms. Rats were then euthanised after an overnight fast, and blood taken was used for measurement of metabolic indices. The brains were dissected out and either homogenised for estimation of neurochemical parameters, or processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results showed that subchronic administration of ketamine was associated with a lesser weight gain inspite of an increase in food intake across the treatment groups. There was a dose-dependent increase in open-field novelty-induced behaviours, a decline in spatial working-memory, and an anxiolytic effect in the elevated-plus maze. There was associated derangement of serum triglyceride, and increase in brain glutamate levels, acetylcholinesterase activity, plasma/brain oxidative stress parameters, caspase-3 activity and biochemical indices of hepatic and renal function. Ketamine administration was also associated with neurodegenerative changes in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and the pons. In conclusion, subchronic administration of ketamine to adolescent rats was associated with dose-related memory loss, oxidative stress and possibly caspase-3 mediated neurodegenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - O J Ayeni
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M O Ogundeji
- Department of Chemical Pathology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A Ajao
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - O J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - A R Owolabi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
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40
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Li F, Wang X, Deng Z, Zhang X, Gao P, Liu H. Dexmedetomidine reduces oxidative stress and provides neuroprotection in a model of traumatic brain injury via the PGC-1α signaling pathway. Neuropeptides 2018; 72:58-64. [PMID: 30396595 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) mediated by reductions of oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and disintegration have been demonstrated in many injury models. However, whether DEX has a beneficial effect on traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unknown. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of DEX and its potential mechanism were assessed in a model of TBI. DEX treatment relieved encephala edema and neuron cell apoptosis and increased behavioral function. These protective effects were accompanied by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) expression. These findings imply that DEX protects neurons following TBI, possibly by activating the PGC-1α pathway. The data will help clarify the mechanisms responsible for the anti-apoptosis effect of DEX with possible involvement of the PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhikui Deng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China.
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Li J, Ding Z, Yang Y, Mao B, Wang Y, Xu X. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protect human trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cells from hydrogen peroxide‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2581-2588. [PMID: 30015960 PMCID: PMC6102627 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy complications are associated with abnormal cytotrophoblast differentiation and invasion. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important mediator of oxidative ischemia/reperfusion stress in the placenta. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) have been demonstrated to counteract oxidative free radicals. The effects of LBP in trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cells injured with H2O2 were examined. A cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to detect the effect of LBP at different concentrations on the proliferative ability of H2O2 injured trophoblast cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) disruption and apoptosis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage into the supernatant was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of apoptosis-associated factors, including survivin, hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α), Bcl-2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X apoptosis regulator (Bax). The results revealed that LBP protected the proliferative ability of trophoblast cells injured with H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. LBP inhibited the oxidative stress induced by H2O2, by reducing ROS and LDH levels and increasing SOD activity. Additionally, LBP decreased MMP disruption and cell apoptosis induced by H2O2, by increasing the mRNA and protein expression of survivin, HIF1-α and Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax expression. Therefore, it was concluded that LBP protected human trophoblast cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis via regulation of apoptosis-associated factor expression. It will provide a novel strategy for the treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Women and Children's Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Ding
- Reproduction Medicine Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Discipline of Physiology, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Mao
- Department of Women and Children's Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Women and Children's Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Perinatal Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
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