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Msollo SS, Shausi GL, Mwanri AW. Prevalence, knowledge and practices on prevention and management of overweight and obesity among adults in Dodoma City, Tanzania. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297665. [PMID: 38289916 PMCID: PMC10826932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity is increasing leading to high rates of non-communicable diseases. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, knowledge and practices on prevention and management of overweight/obesity among adults in Dodoma region. METHODOLOGY A cross- sectional research was conducted among 313 randomly selected adults aged 25-65 years. Face to face interviews were conducted to obtain demographic information, knowledge on preventing and managing overweight/obesity using a pre-tested questionnaire. Weight and height were measured following standard procedures and nutrition status was categorized using WHO criteria. Dietary intake was assessed using qualitative 24 hours recall to obtain dietary diversity score. Data was analyzed using the SPSS™ Version 20 to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS About 62.6% (n = 196) of the participants were females. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 59.7% (n = 186) of which 28% (n = 88) were overweight and 31.3% (n = 98) obese. Obesity was three times higher among females (41.8% vs 13.7%) than males. Overweight/obesity was positively associated with female sex (Adjusted OR 2.34; 95%CI: 1.235-4.68; p = 0.001), low knowledge (Adjusted OR 2.15; 95%CI: 1.22-3.81; p = 0.008) and negatively associated with dietary diversity score (Adjusted OR 0. 452; 95%CI: 0.199-1.87; p = 0.03). About 76% of respondents reported that overweight/obesity is a result of consuming high energy (38.8%; n = 92) and high fat foods (27%; n = 63). More than half of the respondents reported to be insensitive with kind of foods they consume and for those who were sensitive, 64% do so to avoid diseases. Furthermore, 60% control their weight by doing physical exercises while 18% by both physical exercises and diet management. However, about 43% did not know foods exposing individuals to health problems. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS High prevalence of overweight/obesity was observed and significantly associated with female sex, low dietary diversity and knowledge on overweight/obesity prevention. This creates a need to improve knowledge on prevention of overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiness Simon Msollo
- Department of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Gosbert Lukenku Shausi
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Community Development, Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Akwilina Wendelin Mwanri
- Department of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Ng YH, Moy FM, Hairi NN, Bulgiba A. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose, and their associated lifestyle factors among teachers in the CLUSTer cohort. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16778. [PMID: 38274329 PMCID: PMC10809994 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Teachers are responsible for educating future generations and therefore play an important role in a country's education system. Teachers constitute about 2.6% of all employees in Malaysia, making it one of the largest workforces in the country. While health and well-being are crucial to ensuring teachers' work performance, reports on non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Malaysian teachers are scarce. Hence, this study focused on the prevalence of T2DM, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and underlying lifestyle factors associated with these outcomes among Malaysian teachers. Methods This is a cross-sectional study from the CLUSTer cohort. There were 14144 teachers from the Peninsular Malaysia included in this study. The teachers' sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were described using a weighted complex analysis. A matched age group comparison was carried out between teachers and the Malaysian general population on T2DM, undiagnosed DM, and IFG status. Next, the researchers examined the association of lifestyle factors with T2DM and IFG using multivariable logistic regression. Results The prevalence of T2DM, undiagnosed DM, and IFG among the Malaysian teachers were 4.1%, 5.1%, and 5.6%, respectively. The proportions of teachers with T2DM (both diagnosed and undiagnosed) and the IFG increased linearly with age. Teachers had a lower weighted prevalence of T2DM (known and undiagnosed) than the general population. However, teachers were more inclined to have IFG than the general population, particularly those aged 45 years and older. Among all lifestyle indicators, only waist circumference (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.20) was found to be associated with T2DM, whereas waist circumference (aOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.15) and physical activity [moderately active = (aOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.98); highly active = (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.80)] were associated with IFG. Conclusions Modifiable lifestyle factors such as abdominal obesity and physical activity were associated with T2DM and IFG. Intervention programs targeting these factors could help reduce future treatment costs and increase productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit Han Ng
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Foong Ming Moy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Katatwire DD, Meremo A. Prevalence of and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among patients with early chronic kidney disease attending tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074441. [PMID: 38086591 PMCID: PMC10729198 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and its associated factors among patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) attending medical outpatient clinics at tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Two tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS The participants in this study were adult patients (≥18 years) with early CKD stages (1, 2 and 3) who were attending nephrology and medical outpatient clinics from November 2020 to March 2021. Patients who had been attending the clinic for at least 3 months, had baseline clinical data on their files, had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and who provided written informed consent were eligible. A total of 352 patients were enrolled, of whom 182 were men and 170 were women. OUTCOME MEASURE The dependent variable was uncontrolled hypertension among patients with early CKD, based on blood pressure measurements. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was 58.5% (206 of 352) and the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 58.3% (120 of 206). Among patients with uncontrolled hypertension, 88.3% (106 of 120) had CKD stage 3, 80.2% (96 of 120) reported non-adherence to antihypertensives, 76.7% (92 of 120) were overweight or obese, 72.5% (87 of 120) reported current alcohol use and 26.7% (32 of 120) had diabetes mellitus. Factors that contributed to higher odds of uncontrolled hypertension were: age ≥50 years (OR=5.17, 95 % CI 2.37 to 13.33, p=0.001), alcohol use (OR=11.21, 95% CI 3.83 to 32.84, p=0.001), non-adherence to antihypertensives (OR=10.19, 95% CI 4.22 to 24.61, p=0.001), overweight/obesity (OR=6.28, 95% CI 2.54 to 15.53, p=0.001) and CKD stage 3 (OR=3.52, 95% CI 1.32 to 9.42, p=0.012). CONCLUSION Uncontrolled hypertension was highly prevalent among patients with early CKD in this setting and was associated with age, current alcohol use, non-adherence to antihypertensives, overweight/obesity and declining eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis D Katatwire
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Department of Internal Medicine, Benjamin Mkapa Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Alfred Meremo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Department of Internal Medicine, Benjamin Mkapa Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of
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Azam M, Sakinah LF, Kartasurya MI, Fibriana AI, Minuljo TT, Aljunid SM. Prevalence and determinants of obesity among individuals with diabetes in Indonesia. F1000Res 2023; 11:1063. [PMID: 37928804 PMCID: PMC10624955 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125549.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM), both individually or simultaneously, increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of obesity among diabetic individuals in Indonesia. Methods: Data were extracted based on 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (Riset Kesehatan Dasar=RISKESDAS). This study involved all individuals with DM and categorized obesity based on body mass index. After data clearing, this study analyzed 3911 DM subjects of the 33.905 subjects acquired from the 2018 RISKESDAS. The study also observed demographic data, diabetes control parameters, history of hypertension, lipid profiles, and food consumption patterns. These variables were involved in a Chi-square test, and related variables were then involved in the Binary logistic regression to define the independent determinants of obesity among DM subjects. Results: Of the 3911 DM subjects included, the study found an obesity prevalence of 32.9%. This study found that female (prevalence odds ratio [POR]=2.15; 95% CI: 1.76-2.62), age 15-44 years (POR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.83-3.33), urban residence (POR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.25-1.77), history of hypertension (POR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.04-1.51), high diastolic blood pressure (POR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.58-2.29), high LDL (POR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.13-1.84), high HDL (POR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.46-0.78, and high triglycerides (POR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.50) were the risk factor of obesity among DM subjects; while higher education (POR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.53-0.78) and married (POR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.59-0.90) were protective factors of obesity among DM subjects. Conclusions: The study concluded that almost one-third of DM subjects in Indonesia were obese. Female, age, urban residence, education level, history of hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profiles were all associated with obesity among DM subjects in Indonesia. These findings suggest that monitoring and controlling of related determinants is needed to prevent complications caused by the doubled burden of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalul Azam
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50229, Indonesia
| | - Luluk Fadhoh Sakinah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50229, Indonesia
| | - Martha Irene Kartasurya
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Arulita Ika Fibriana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50229, Indonesia
| | - Tania Tedjo Minuljo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50244, Indonesia
| | - Syed Mohamed Aljunid
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, 11311, Kuwait
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Sisson SB, Malek-Lasater A, Ford TG, Horm D, Kwon KA. Predictors of Overweight and Obesity in Early Care and Education Teachers during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2763. [PMID: 36768129 PMCID: PMC9915895 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine individual, sociocultural, policy, and economic predictors of overweight/obesity in early care and education (ECE) teachers to identify modifiable opportunities to enhance the health of this critical workforce. ECE teachers (n = 1434) in the U.S. completed an online survey in late spring to mid-summer 2020. Teachers self-reported height and weight; body mass index (BMI) and weight status were calculated. Teachers reported micro-environment variables including age, race, gender, obesogenic lifestyle behaviors, well-being, food security, personal health, stress, job stress, type of ECE, COVID-19 teaching modality, and age of children in the classroom. Logistic regression predicting overweight/obesity and linear regression predicting BMI were conducted. Teachers with more years of teaching experience (OR: 1.022: 95% CI 1.005, 1.039) and higher consumption of fast food (2.038: 1.310, 3.169) had higher odds of overweight/obesity. Teachers with higher levels of education (0.58: 0.407, 0.828) and higher physical health (0.836: 0.775, 0.902) had lower odds of overweight/obesity. Other variables were not associated with overweight/obesity. Variables significant in logistic regression were also associated with higher BMI. Additionally, Native American race (β = 2.467 SE = 1.206) and sedentary hours/day (β = 0.152 SE = 0.075) were associated with higher BMI. Implications for enhancing workplace health for these ECE teachers are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B. Sisson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Adrien Malek-Lasater
- Department of Teaching, Learning, and Curriculum, College of Education and Human Services, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Timothy G. Ford
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, The University of Oklahoma, 4502 E. 41st Street, 4W101, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
| | - Diane Horm
- Early Childhood Education Institute, The University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, 4502 E. 41st Street, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
- Department of Instructional Leadership and Academic Curriculum, University of Oklahoma, 820 Van Vleet, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Kyong-Ah Kwon
- Department of Instructional Leadership and Academic Curriculum, University of Oklahoma, 820 Van Vleet, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Amugsi DA, Dimbuene ZT. Effects of social determinants of health on obesity among urban women of reproductive age. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001442. [PMID: 36963076 PMCID: PMC10022252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global public health problem. It is spreading very fast in low- and middle-income countries and has reached world record levels in some of them. In Ghana, it has increased by over 65% among urban women in the past three decades. This study investigated the effects of social determinants of health on obesity among women in urban Ghana. The study analyzed the Ghana demographic and health survey data. These are nationally representative data collective every five years across low- and middle-income countries. A total of 1,204 urban women were included in the analysis. Body mass index was the outcome variable of interest. We used logistic regression to model the effects of the various social determinants of health on obesity. The results showed that 40% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.4, 57.0) and 36.7% (95% CI = 25.6, 49.3) of women who had higher education and those whose partners had higher education suffered from obesity, respectively. Women living in rich households had a five times higher prevalence of obesity than those in poor households (28.8% vs 5.7%). Further, 33.4% (95% CI = 18.5, 19.3) of women who occupied managerial positions were obese. The results from the multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that compared to women in poor households, those in rich households were 3.4 times (95% CI = 1.31, 8.97) more likely to suffer from obesity. Women whose main occupation was agriculture were 81% (aOR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.034, 0.99) less likely to suffer from obesity compared to those with no occupation. The results suggest that the various social determinants of health (SDH) included in the analysis significantly influence obesity outcomes. Women and partner education levels, occupying a managerial position, and living in rich households increase the risk of obesity. Interventions to address the rising obesity in urban Ghana should have specific packages targeted at these sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson A. Amugsi
- Nutrition and Food Systems Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zacharie T. Dimbuene
- Department of Population Sciences and Development, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Microdata Access Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM, Althaiban MA, Hanbazaza MA, Wazzan HA, Aljefree NM. Associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity among public school teachers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1081928. [PMID: 36761223 PMCID: PMC9902718 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to assess the dietary intake of certain food groups in a representative sample of public-school teachers living in Jeddah city. We also, examined the association of dietary intake with physical activity and obesity among schoolteachers. Methods The study was a cross-sectional online survey, conducted among 640 (177 male, 463 female) schoolteachers aged between 20 and 62 years old and working in public primary, intermediate, and high schools in Jeddah. Measurements included gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), health problems, and lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity levels, smoking status, and dietary intake. Results Based on gender, number of non-smoking women (94%) was higher than number of non-smoking men (57.1%) (P < 0.001). However, men were more active than women (P = 0.03). Regarding BMI, there were more overweight men than women, while obese women numbered more than men (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in dietary intake between men and women except that men consumed more soft drinks than women (P = 0.002). Lower physically active schoolteachers were less likely to consume salad (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.02), vegetables (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; P = 0.01), beans and legumes (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P = 0.005), wholegrain bread (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.03), dairy products (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.01), snacks (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.8; P = 0.01), and fish (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9; P = 0.04) compared to those with high levels of physical activity. Only fruit intake was considered statistically significant (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7; P = 0.003). The study found a relationship between the BMI of schoolteachers and food intake. Obese schoolteachers had lower consumption of fruits (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P = 0.007) and white meat (OR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9; P = 0.03) than schoolteachers in the normal weight group. Conclusion The high prevalence of physical activity, dietary intake and body weight among Saudi teachers is a major public health concern. The present study identified several lifestyle factors associated with body weight that may represent valid targets for the prevention and management of obesity among Saudi school teachers. Promoting active lifestyles and healthy diets would be primary targets for obesity prevention.
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Alemi S, Nakamura K, Arab AS, Mashal MO, Tashiro Y, Seino K, Hemat S. Prevalence, determinants, and association of overweight/obesity with non-communicable disease-related biomedical indicators: A cross-sectional study in schoolteachers in Kabul, Afghanistan. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001676. [PMID: 36963052 PMCID: PMC10021827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Overweight/obesity constitutes a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), whose global prevalence is growing rapidly, including in Afghanistan. However, the effects of risk factors on NCDs have rarely been studied in the educator workforce. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence, determinants, and association of overweight/obesity with NCD-related biomedical indicators among schoolteachers in Afghanistan. The sample comprised 600 schoolteachers aged 18 years and above. We conducted questionnaire interviews, anthropometric measurements, and blood biochemistry tests. The main explanatory variable was overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). NCD-related biomedical indicators were the outcome variables. Poisson regression models were applied to investigate the association between overweight/obesity and outcome variables. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 58.2%, which was significantly higher in women, those aged 41-50 years, married participants, and those with 10-20 years of working experience than in their counterparts. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables and lifestyle behaviors, overweight/obesity was significantly associated with hypertension (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-2.51); elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (aPR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.79), total cholesterol (aPR = 1.67, 95% CI:1.14-2.44), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (aPR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.50), and triglycerides (aPR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.57-2.50), and having three or more comorbidities (aPR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.47-2.47). Our findings demonstrated a high prevalence of overweight/obesity among schoolteachers. In addition, we found significant associations of overweight/obesity with a higher prevalence of hypertension; elevated serum levels of HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides; and comorbid conditions in schoolteachers. The findings highlight the need for worksite interventions that promote weight control among schoolteachers with overweight/obesity to reduce the burden of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifullah Alemi
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakamura
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmad Shekib Arab
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Omar Mashal
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Tashiro
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Seino
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shafiqullah Hemat
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Saintila J, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Elejabo-Pacheco AA, Sandoval-Valentin GA, Rodriguez-Panta SG. Association Between Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Regimen, and Excess Body Weight in Primary School Teachers. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2331-2339. [PMID: 36267850 PMCID: PMC9578462 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s385713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peru is one of the developing countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America and Caribbean region. Primary school teachers are identified as a high-risk group for overweight and obesity. However, studies conducted in this population group are limited. This study evaluated the association between nutritional knowledge, dietary regimen, and excess body weight in primary school teachers. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 151 teachers from two state schools in the eastern region of Lima, Peru. The level of nutritional knowledge was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Dietary regimen was also determined. The body mass index (BMI) was determined through self-reported weight and height. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between possible risk factors with excess body weight among teachers. Results Inadequate nutritional knowledge level (AOR = 5.21, 95% CI: 1.31–20.93), being male teachers (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.13–4.45), and being married (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.17–5.30) were the significant predictors of excess body weight. In contrast, vegetarian teachers were less likely to have excess body weight (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.47–0.97). Conclusion Future intervention programs should include improving nutritional knowledge with greater attention to male and married teachers to decrease the risk of excess body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Medical School, Señor De Sipán University, Chiclayo, Peru,Correspondence: Jacksaint Saintila, Medical School, Señor De Sipán University, Km 5, Carretera a Pimentel, Chiclayo, 14001, Peru, Email
| | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru,Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla, Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Km 19, Carretera Central, Lima, 15033, Peru, Email
| | - Sergio E Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Ashly A Elejabo-Pacheco
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Shirley G Rodriguez-Panta
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
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Ayogu RNB, Ezeh MG, Udenta EA. Epidemiological characteristics of different patterns of obesity among adults in rural communities of south-east Nigeria: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:59. [PMID: 35761375 PMCID: PMC9235231 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a complex disease characterised by excess fat accumulation and health risks. There is paucity of data on epidemiology of obesity patterns among adults in rural Nigeria. This study aimed to provide current data on the prevalence and predictors of three patterns of obesity (abdominal obesity alone, general obesity alone and a combination of both) among adults in three rural communities of Enugu State, South-east Nigeria to enhance specific obesity prevention and control programmes/interventions. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study involved 500 adults selected through a six-stage random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-economic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics of the respondents. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured by standard procedures. Body mass index was used to assess general obesity while abdominal obesity was assessed through waist circumference. Each respondent was classified under only one of the three patterns: general obesity alone, abdominal obesity alone and combined obesity. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the predictors. Significance was set P<0.05. Results Prevalence of abdominal obesity alone was 6.0%. General obesity alone was found among 31.4% and 45.6% were affected by combined obesity. Being a female (AOR:0.35, 95% C.I.: 0.14, 0.88) and not skipping meals (AOR:0.24, 95% C.I.: 0.10, 0.55) were associated with less likelihood of abdominal obesity but ≥3 times daily meal intake increased the risk by 2.52 (AOR:2.52, 95% C.I.:1.10, 5.75). Predictors of general obesity alone were age 41-60 years (AOR:1.84, 95% C.I.:1.14, 2.97), being a female (AOR:7.65, 95% C.I.:4.77, 12.26) and having any form of formal education (AOR:2.55, 95% C.I.:1.10, 5.91). Combined obesity was less likely among 41-60 year-olds (AOR:0.36, 95% C.I.:0.23, 0.56) and females (AOR:0.21, 95% C.I.:0.13, 0.32). Never married (AOR:1.94, 95% C.I.:1.03, 3.67) and vigorous physical activities (AOR:1.81, 95% C.I.:1.08, 3.02) increased the risk of combined obesity by almost 2. Conclusions Prevalence of abdominal obesity alone, general obesity alone and combined obesity were high. They were functions of age, sex, never married, having any form of formal education, skipping meals, ≥3 daily meal intake and self-reported vigorous physical activity. Focused nutrition and health education are recommended strategies for prevention and control of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufina N B Ayogu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Mmesoma G Ezeh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth A Udenta
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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Pallangyo P, Komba M, Mkojera ZS, Mayala HA, Bhalia SV, Millinga J, Wibonela S, Swai G, Minja DA, Janabi M. Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Caregivers of Patients Attending a Tertiary Cardiovascular Hospital in Tanzania. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4685-4696. [PMID: 35548586 PMCID: PMC9084384 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s364392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Notwithstanding the ever-present burden of infectious diseases, the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region has experienced a 67% rise in the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in less than three decades. Furthermore, regardless of the increased recognition of NCDs threat in the region, reliable local estimates and associated drivers are generally lacking. We therefore conducted this cross-sectional study to establish the pattern and correlates of the modifiable NCD risk factors among caregivers of patients attending a tertiary cardiovascular centre in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We used a structured questionnaire bearing a modified WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) tool to explore the modifiable behavioral and modifiable biological NCD risk factors. Results A total of 1063 caregivers were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 40.5 years, and 55.7% were female. Nearly 80% of participants had a good knowledge regarding NCDs and 85.4% had a positive family history of NCDs. Overall, 1027 (96.6%) participants had at least one modifiable NCD risk factor while 510 (48.0%) had three or more (i.e., clustering). With respect to modifiable behavioral NCD risk factors, 34 (3.2%) were tobacco users, 56 (5.3%) had harmful alcohol consumption, 691 (65%) had unhealthy eating behavior, and 820 (77.1%) were physically inactive. Pertaining to modifiable biological NCD risk factors, 710 (66.8%) had excess body weight, 420 (39.5%) had hypertension and 62 (5.8%) were diabetic. Conclusion A vast majority of caregivers of NCD patients in this tertiary setting were found to have modifiable NCD risk factors with a strong tendency of clustering. These findings call for intensification of both population strategies and targeted group interventions for better control of the NCD threat and its correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pallangyo
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Correspondence: Pedro Pallangyo, Email
| | - Makrina Komba
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zabella S Mkojera
- Department of Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Henry A Mayala
- Department of Clinical Support Services, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Smita V Bhalia
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jalack Millinga
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Salma Wibonela
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gudila Swai
- Department of Nursing, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dickson A Minja
- Department of Clinical Support Services, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mohamed Janabi
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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