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Wang K, Wu C, Yao Y, Zhang S, Xie Y, Shi K, Yuan Z. Association between socio-economic factors and the risk of overweight and obesity among Chinese adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:41. [PMID: 36316735 PMCID: PMC9620587 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising prevalence of obesity and overweight, increasing number of scholars paid attention to the negative effects on human health and life. Recent years, many studies have focused on the relation of socio-economic factors with the risk of overweight or obesity, but findings have been inconsistent. This study investigated the relationship between socio-economic factors and the risk of overweight and obesity among Chinese adults. METHODS This study was based on the survey of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015, with 9245 Chinese adults aged 18-65 years old. Overweight and obesity were assessed by physical measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference. Multiple logistic models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence rates of general obesity and abdominal obesity were 15.5% and 22.6%, respectively. We found that education and per capita household income were positively associated with overweight and obesity risk in men. However, the association between education and obesity status was negative in women [general obesity: OR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.50-0.81); abdominal obesity: OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.51-0.76)]. Occupational status was only associated with general overweight in men. CONCLUSIONS Results suggested that higher education and per capita household income were associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity among Chinese men, whereas the associations were negative for women. We recommended that men with high levels of education and income, women with low levels of education, can engage in some physical activity, modify dietary, and adopt a new way of life to maintain their weight and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- grid.413856.d0000 0004 1799 3643Chengdu Medical College, Xindu District, Chengdu, 610500 China
| | - Yifan Yao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yaxuan Xie
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Kejian Shi
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Zhanpeng Yuan
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071 China
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Lemamsha H, Randhawa G, Papadopoulos C. Investigating the Association between Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity among Libyan Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1076. [PMID: 35162100 PMCID: PMC8834426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an increasing number of studies have reported on nutrition transition and unhealthy eating habits (UEHs) worldwide, there is a paucity of studies on UEHs in the Arab region, particularly in Libya. Aim: This study investigated the associations between obesity among Libyan adults and UEHs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the five major districts in Benghazi, Libya. A multistage cluster sampling strategy was implemented to choose and recruit Libyan adults. Anthropometric measurements were gathered by highly qualified nurses, using the Segmental Body Composition Monitor and a portable Stadiometer. The study used and adapted the two Self-administered questionnaires: the WHO STEPS Instrument and eating behaviors linked with obesity questionnaire. Results: Among a total of 401 participants who were successfully recruited in this study, 253 (63%) were female (aged 20-65 years), the response rate achieved was 78%. The prevalence of obesity amongst Libyan adults was estimated to be 42.4%. The results revealed the presence of a significant association between obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and five UEHs for Libyan men and six UEHs for Libyan women. For Libyan men, an association was found between obesity and the following five explanatory factors: fast food intake in a day and a week, which were (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 4.04-12.32) and (OR: 4.65, 95% CI: 1.04-9.46), respectively; large food portion sizes consumed at one sitting (OR: 19.54, 95% CI: 1.41-27.74); a high frequency of skipping breakfast either in a typical day or a week, which were (OR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.77) and (OR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.24), respectively. For Libyan women, a significant association was found between obesity and the following six explanatory factors: fast food intake in a day and a week, which were (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 3.32-11.12) and (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.88-16.11), respectively; intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in a typical week (OR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.35-11.99); and large food portion sizes consumed at one sitting at one sitting (OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.18-9.84); and a high frequency of skipping breakfast either in a typical day or a week, which were (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03-0.43) and (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.08-0.63), respectively. Conclusions: The findings of the study reveal areas of action for Libyan researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and government officials about UEHs in the Libyan context. This could inform establishing and developing new interventions for preventing and controlling the obesity epidemic through food system improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Lemamsha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Al-Bayda Campus, Labraq Road, Al-Bayda B1L12, Libya;
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Campus, Hitchin Road, Luton LU2 8LE, UK;
| | - Chris Papadopoulos
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Campus, Hitchin Road, Luton LU2 8LE, UK;
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Chukwuonye II, Ohagwu KA, Ogah OS, John C, Oviasu E, Anyabolu EN, Ezeani IU, Iloh GUP, Chukwuonye ME, Raphael CO, Onwuchekwa U, Okafor UH, Oladele C, Obi EC, Okwuonu CG, Iheji O, Nwabuko OC, Nnoli MA, Okpechi IG. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000515. [PMID: 36962450 PMCID: PMC10021772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Nigeria, several studies have assessed the prevalence of overweight/obesity with different reports. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze these overweight and obesity reports from different locations in Nigeria over the last ten years. In addition, there was a dearth of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the prevalence, trends, and demographic characteristics of overweight and obesity in the country. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional population-based studies among adult Nigerians on the prevalence of overweight/ obesity (defined by body mass index) published from January 2010 to December 2020. Relevant abstracts were scrutinized and articles that included adults of all age groups and were not restricted to a particular group of people (e.g. university community) were selected. Each article was scrutinized by more than 2 authors before selection. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among all participants, among men and among women in Nigeria and its 6 geopolitical zones was determined. All analyses were performed using STATA version 14 (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, USA). Thirty-three studies were selected and the number of participants was 37,205. The estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27.6%, and 14.5% respectively. The prevalence of overweight among men and among women was 26.3% and 28.3% respectively and, the prevalence of obesity among men and women was 10.9% and 23.0% respectively. The prevalence of overweight in the 6 geopolitical zones was Southeast 29.3%, Southwest 29.3%, South-south 27.9%, Northwest 27.2%, North-central 25.3%, Northeast 20.0% and obesity South-south 24.7%, Southeast 15.7%, Southwest 13.9%, Northwest 10.4%, North-central 10.2%, Northeast 6.4%. Egger's tests showed no statistically significant publication bias among the studies that reported the overweight and obesity prevalence respectively (p = 0.225, P 0.350). The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Nigeria is high. The southern geopolitical zones had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Arinze Ohagwu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria
- General Medicine and Emergency Care, West Cumberland Hospital, Cumbria, Emgland
| | - Okechukwu Samuel Ogah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Collins John
- Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Katon Rikkos, Nigeria
| | - Efosa Oviasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Caleb Ogechi Raphael
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Uwa Onwuchekwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria
| | | | - Clement Oladele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Bida, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Chukwuebuka Obi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Bida, Nigeria
| | | | - Okechukwu Iheji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria
| | | | - Martin Anazodo Nnoli
- Department of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ikechi G Okpechi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Famurewa BA, Aregbesola SB, Alade OT, Akinniyi TA. Treatment costs of mandibular fractures in a Nigerian hospital. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 26:417-422. [PMID: 34518952 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-021-01000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the cost of surgically treated mandibular fractures, methods of payments, and the relationship between socioeconomic status of subjects and payment methods in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. METHODS A retrospective review of 100 subjects who sustained 148 isolated mandibular fractures was conducted between November 2014 and October 2019. Demographics, socioeconomic status, mechanism of injury, fracture sites, type of treatment, and cost of treatment with methods of payments were obtained from medical records and hospital billing sheets of eligible subjects. The relationship between independent variables (age, sex, payment method, and treatment methods) and dependent variable (income class) was analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 31.8 ± 10.9 years; age range 17-63 years. The majority (75/100) belonged to the middle-income class. The costs of mandibular fractures repairs were ₦42,900 ($119.17) and ₦132,500 ($386.05) for closed reduction (CRMMF) and open reduction and rigid internal fixation (ORIF) respectively. All subjects in the low-income class (4/100) paid out of pocket for their treatment compared with 93% and 62% of the middle- and high-income classes respectively (p = 0.001). Half of the subjects in the low-income class had ORIF compared with 31% and 62% of the middle- and high-income classes respectively. CONCLUSIONS The treatments costs of mandibular fractures were ₦42,900 ($119.17) and ₦132,500 ($386.05) for CRMMF and ORIF respectively. The treatment costs were mostly out-of-pocket expenditure meaning that the subjects in the low-and middle-income classes bore the financial burden of their injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele A Famurewa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Stephen B Aregbesola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Omolola T Alade
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Taofeek A Akinniyi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Abiodun O, Sodeinde K, Imhonopi G, Omotosho A, Amaike C. Social isolation is associated with major depressive disorders among women accessing HIV/AIDS care in Nigeria. AIDS Care 2021; 34:741-745. [PMID: 34159864 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1944595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with a four-fold increase in the occurrence of major depressive disorders. The prevalent lack of a partner and communal support further aggravates the burden of depression among HIV-positive women. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between social support and major depressive disorder (MDD). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 458 adult women accessing HIV care in Nigeria. Data was collected through structured interviews using validated scales for measuring social support and depression. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between social support and MDD..The prevalence of MDD requiring intervention was 5.9%. More than half (52.6%) of the participants were socially isolated. The likelihood of MDD increased by 5% for every point reduction in social support scores (adjusted Odds ratio = 0.950, 95% Confidence interval = 0.918-0.983). Also, time since HIV diagnosis had an inverse relationship with major depressive disorders (adjusted Odds ratio = 0.984, 95% Confidence interval = 0.971-0.998). Social isolation is common among women living with HIV. Social support might protect against major depressive disorders requiring treatment. Social support may, therefore, be a critical success factor for interventions, whether support-focused or broader intervention for major depressive disorders among women living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Abiodun
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Clinical Science, Babcock University, Ilishan, Nigeria.,Centre for Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole Sodeinde
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Clinical Science, Babcock University, Ilishan, Nigeria
| | - Gloria Imhonopi
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adebola Omotosho
- Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan, Nigeria
| | - Chikwendu Amaike
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Clinical Science, Babcock University, Ilishan, Nigeria
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Abstract
While there is evidence that impaired psychosocial wellbeing can compromise the effective performance of work-related roles, little is known about the wellbeing of teachers working with children with developmental disabilities. We interviewed 68 special education schoolteachers (response rate = 70.8%) in a Nigerian state with 12-item General Health Questionnaire and an adapted Zarit Burden Interview. About four in every ten teachers had psychological distress, representing many-fold the rates reported in the general population, and significant burden was prevalent in 51.5%. Perceived burden correlated significantly with psychological distress, anxiety/depression and social dysfunction (rs = .3). While increased burden predicted psychological distress, longer teaching experience was protective against distress. These findings underscore the need for psychosocial support for special education schoolteachers to enhance their wellbeing and roles.
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Zhang H, Xu H, Song F, Xu W, Pallard-Borg S, Qi X. Relation of socioeconomic status to overweight and obesity: a large population-based study of Chinese adults. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:495-501. [PMID: 28482732 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1328072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has been going through significant changes in social and economical aspects and with great socioeconomic disparity in different regions. However, data on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity are not available in Tianjin, China. AIM This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and high adiposity among the adult population in Tianjin. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 7351 individuals aged 20-79 were included in this study. Socioeconomic information was collected through an interview following a structured questionnaire. Waist circumference, body weight and height were measured following standard procedures. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the criteria of the Working Group on Obesity in China. Data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Stratified analysis showed that higher monthly income and education were related to decreased odds of abdominal overweight/obesity in women, while high education was associated with increased odds of general overweight/obesity in men. Retirement increased the odds of abdominal overweight and obesity and non-manual work was associated with low odds of abdominal obesity in women. CONCLUSIONS SES was associated with general and abdominal overweight/obesity and sex may play a role in such an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China.,b School of Nursing , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Fei Song
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Weili Xu
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China.,c Aging Research Center , Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Stephanie Pallard-Borg
- d Department of Medicine and Public Health , Red Cross University College , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Xiuying Qi
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China
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Canella DS, Novaes HMD, Levy RB. [The influence of excess weight and obesity on health spending in Brazilian households]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 31:2331-41. [PMID: 26840813 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00184214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of excess weight and obesity on health spending in Brazilian households. Data from the Household Budget Survey 2008-2009 were used to estimate monetary health spending, corresponding to out-of-pocket spending, including purchase of medicines and payment for healthcare services, and to evaluate the nutritional status of the 55,970 household residents. Monthly spending on health and its components were analyzed according to the number of excess weight and obese individuals in households (none, one, two, or three or more individuals). The presence and increasing number of excess weight and obese individuals has resulted in greater spending on health, especially on medicines and health insurance. The results were maintained after adjusting for income, region, area, and presence of elderly and number of residents in the household. Excess weight and obesity had a direct impact on out-of-pocket health spending by Brazilian families.
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Iwuala SO, Ayankogbe OO, Olatona FA, Olamoyegun MA, OkparaIgwe U, Sabir AA, Fasanmade OA. Obesity among health service providers in Nigeria: danger to long term health worker retention? Pan Afr Med J 2015; 22:1. [PMID: 26600902 PMCID: PMC4643157 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.22.1.5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a global epidemic. There are rising rates of obesity and its associated disorders, especially in developing countries, including among Health Service Providers (HSPs). Obesity is associated with early retirement, increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, obesity has the potential of reducing long-term retention of HSPs in inadequately staffed health systems of developing countries. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of and factors associated with obesity among HSPs of a tertiary health care facility in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out with a questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30kg/m2. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS 300 HSPs were recruited, of which 47.7% were medical doctors and dentists, 43.3% were nurses and other categories of HSPs. The mean age and BMI of the HSPs were 39.3(9.0) years and 27.7(4.6) kg/m2 respectively. Eight two (27.3%) HSPs were obese and 134 (44.7%) were overweight, 149(49.7%) had central obesity. After adjusting for confounding variables using multivariate logistic regression, age > 40 years (OR 3.51, p=0.003), female gender (OR 2.84, p=0.007) and earning a monthly salary of ≤ 200,000 naira relative to 201,000-400,000 naira (OR 2.58, p=0.006) were significantly associated with obesity. CONCLUSION Obesity was prevalent among these Nigerian HSPs. This calls for concern, especially with the implication of loosing health workers to obesity related disorders and early retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Omozehio Iwuala
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Foluke Adenike Olatona
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Michael Adeyemi Olamoyegun
- Department of Medicine, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, and College of Health Sciences, LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Anas Ahmad Sabir
- Department of Medicine, UsmanuDanfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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