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Limboo KH, Singh B. Antibiotic potentiating effect of Bauhinia purpurea L. against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1385268. [PMID: 38694794 PMCID: PMC11062131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia purpurea L. is a medium-sized tree from the family Fabaceae. The plant is traditionally used as medicine by different tribes in Sikkim. The present study aimed to evaluate the modulation in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bark methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea L. against the clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The synergistic activity of the test plant extract with different classes of antibiotics was also evaluated. The methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea exhibited modulation by a 16-fold reduction in the MIC of clindamycin against both resistant and susceptible isolates, followed by penicillin and gentamicin, whereas a maximum of only a 4-fold MIC reduction was observed with ciprofloxacin. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration showed by the plant extract was 0.48 and 0.97 mg/mL, respectively. The methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea exhibited synergistic activity with penicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin against most of the tested isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDR-SA). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Bauhinia purpurea L. bark methanol extract revealed 16 phytocompounds. The results provide an insight into the potential antibacterial property of the plant extract in terms of its antibiotic MIC modulation and synergistic properties with the selected antibiotics. This is the first report of the antibiotic potentiation property of Bauhinia purpurea L., collected from Sikkim, India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bimala Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
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Keneh NK, Kenmoe S, Bowo-Ngandji A, Tatah Kihla Akoachere JF, Gonsu Kamga H, Ndip RN, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tendongfor N, Ndip LM, Esemu SN. A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296267. [PMID: 38134014 PMCID: PMC10745167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased and poses a significant threat to human and animal health in Cameroon and the world at large. MRSA strains have infiltrated various settings, including hospitals, communities, and livestock, contributing to increased morbidity, treatment costs, and mortality. This evidence synthesis aims to understand MRSA prevalence, resistance patterns, and genetic characterization in Cameroon. METHODS The methodology was consistent with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies of any design containing scientific data on MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon were eligible for inclusion, with no restrictions on language or publication date. The search involved a comprehensive search strategy in several databases including Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Hoy et al tool, and the results were synthesized and presented in narrative synthesis and/or tables and graphs. RESULTS The systematic review analyzed 24 studies, mostly conducted after 2010, in various settings in Cameroon. The studies, characterized by moderate to low bias, revealed a wide prevalence of MRSA ranging from 1.9% to 46.8%, with considerable variation based on demographic and environmental factors. Animal (0.2%), food (3.2% to 15.4%), and environmental samples (0.0% to 34.6%) also showed a varied prevalence of MRSA. The genetic diversity of MRSA was heterogeneous, with different virulence gene profiles and clonal lineages identified in various populations and sample types. Antimicrobial resistance rates showed great variability in the different regions of Cameroon, with notable antibiotic resistance recorded for the beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, glycopeptide, lincosamide, and macrolide families. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant variability in MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon, and emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nene Kaah Keneh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Hortense Gonsu Kamga
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Ndip Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Lucy Mande Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
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Khaleghian M, Sahrayi H, Hafezi Y, Mirshafeeyan M, Moghaddam ZS, Farasati Far B, Noorbazargan H, Mirzaie A, Ren Q. In silico design and mechanistic study of niosome-encapsulated curcumin against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1277533. [PMID: 38098658 PMCID: PMC10720333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1277533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, an important natural component of turmeric, has been known for a long time for its antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm action of the niosome-encapsulated curcumin and explore the involved anti-biofilm mechanism. In silico investigations of ADME-Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) were first performed to predict the suitability of curcumin for pharmaceutical application. Curcumin showed low toxicity but at the same time, low solubility and low stability, which, in turn, might reduce its antimicrobial activity. To overcome these intrinsic limitations, curcumin was encapsulated using a biocompatible niosome system, and an encapsulation efficiency of 97% was achieved. The synthesized curcumin-containing niosomes had a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 178 nm. The niosomal curcumin was capable of reducing multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus biofilm 2-4-fold compared with the free curcumin. The encapsulated curcumin also demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity on the human foreskin fibroblasts. To understand the interaction between curcumin and S. aureus biofilm, several biofilm-related genes were analyzed for their expression. N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (IcaD), a protein involved in the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion and known to play a function in biofilm development, was found to be downregulated by niosomal curcumin and showed high binding affinity (-8.3 kcal/mol) with curcumin based on molecular docking analysis. Our study suggests that the niosome-encapsulated curcumin is a promising approach for the treatment of MDR S. aureus biofilm and can be extended to biofilms caused by other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamidreza Sahrayi
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Hafezi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Mirshafeeyan
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi Moghaddam
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Noorbazargan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mirzaie
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Jadid-e Parand, Iran
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Douglas EJ, Laabei M. Staph wars: the antibiotic pipeline strikes back. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001387. [PMID: 37656158 PMCID: PMC10569064 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic chemotherapy is widely regarded as one of the most significant medical advancements in history. However, the continued misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally. Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, has become synonymous with multidrug resistance and is a leading antimicrobial-resistant pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review focuses on (1) the targets of current anti-staphylococcal antibiotics and the specific mechanisms that confirm resistance; (2) an in-depth analysis of recently licensed antibiotics approved for the treatment of S. aureus infections; and (3) an examination of the pre-clinical pipeline of anti-staphylococcal compounds. In addition, we examine the molecular mechanism of action of novel antimicrobials and derivatives of existing classes of antibiotics, collate data on the emergence of resistance to new compounds and provide an overview of key data from clinical trials evaluating anti-staphylococcal compounds. We present several successful cases in the development of alternative forms of existing antibiotics that have activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Pre-clinical antimicrobials show promise, but more focus and funding are required to develop novel classes of compounds that can curtail the spread of and sustainably control antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Ning K, Zhou R, Li M. Antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw milk in Hunan Province. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15847. [PMID: 37663302 PMCID: PMC10470458 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important foodborne pathogens in the world and the main cause of dairy cow mastitis. Few studies have investigated the epidemic pedigree of S. aureus of bovine origin in Hunan, China. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the capsular polysaccharides (CP), molecular typing, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of S. aureus isolated from raw milk of dairy farms in Hunan Province. Methods Between 2018 and 2022, 681 raw milk samples were collected from dairy cows from farms in Changsha, Changde, Shaoyang, Yongzhou, and Chenzhou in Hunan Province. S. aureus was isolated from these samples, and the isolates were subjected to molecular typing, CP typing, and determination of antibiotic resistance through broth dilution and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results From 681 raw milk samples, 76 strains of S. aureus were isolated. The pathogenicity of 76 isolates was determined preliminarily by detecting cp5 and cp8 CP genes. Eighteen types of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of 76 S. aureus strains were detected by the broth dilution method, and 11 kinds of related resistance genes were amplified by PCR. The S. aureus isolates had CP5 (42.10%) and CP8 (57.89%). S. aureus had a multiple antimicrobial resistance rate of 26.75%. The isolated strains had the highest resistance rate to penicillin (82.89%) and showed varying degrees of resistance to other drugs, but no isolate showed resistance to doxycycline. The 76 isolates all carried two or more antibiotic resistance genes, with a maximum of eight antibiotics resistance genes. FemB was detected in all isolates, but none of isolates carried vanA, ermA, or glrA. The 76 isolates were divided into 22 sequence types (ST) and 20 spa types by MLST and spa typing, and the number of t796-ST7 (n = 15) isolates was the highest, which may be the major epidemic strain of multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Conclusion The present findings indicate the need to increase production of the CP8 S. aureus vaccine in Hunan Province and strengthen resistance monitoring of t796-ST7 isolates with the prevalent molecular type of multi-drug resistant strains. The use of β-lactam, macrolides, and lincosamides should be reduced; doxycycline, sulfonamides, and glycopeptides could be appropriately added to veterinary antibiotics to treat infectious diseases in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, China
| | - Rushun Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Control, Hunan, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, China
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Benjamin I, Louis H, O. Ekpen F, Gber TE, Gideon ME, Ahmad I, Unimuke TO, P. Akanimo N, Patel H, Eko IJ, Simon O, Agwamba EC, Ejiofor EU. Modeling the anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Activity of (E)-6-chloro-N 2-phenyl-N 4-(4-Phenyl-5-(Phenyl Diazinyl)-2λ 3, 3 λ 2- Thiazol-2-yl)-1, 3, 5-Triazine-2,4- Diamine. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2160773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Benjamin
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Francis O. Ekpen
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Terkumbur E. Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Mathias E. Gideon
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Tomsmith O. Unimuke
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nyong P. Akanimo
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | | | - Ojima Simon
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ernest C. Agwamba
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel U. Ejiofor
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Pasandideh NK, Tahmasebi H, Dehbashi S, zeyni B, Arabestani MR. Inhibitory activities of vitamins K2 against clinical isolates of quinolone-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QR-MRSA) with different multi-locus sequence types (MLST), SCCmec, and spa types. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:295. [PMID: 36528637 PMCID: PMC9758948 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibitory activities of vitamins K2 against clinical isolates of quinolone-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QR-MRSA) are unclear. The main aim is to better understand of inhibitory activities of vitamins K2, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), SCCmec, and spa typing in clinical isolates of QR-MRSA on those mutation and gene expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS After collecting S. aureus clinical isolates and detecting QR-MRSA, the genes encoding norA, grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB were sequenced. After treating isolates by vitamin K2, isolates were prepared to measure norA, grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB gene expression. The quantitative-real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of efflux pump genes. RESULTS QR-MRSA, MDR, and XDR strains were reported in 59.4%, 73.9%, and 37.6% of isolates, respectability. SCCmecIV (36.5%) and SCCmecV (26.8%) had the highest frequency. Thirty-nine spa types were identified, t021, t044, and t267 types most prevalent in QR-MRSA isolates. ST22 and ST30 dominated the invasive, drug-resistant isolates and QR-MRSA. In 24 h incubated isolates, the most noticeable change of gene expression with vitamin K2 was that the norA, gyrA, and grlB genes were highly repressed. However, the down-regulation of grlA at 24 h after being treated by vitamin K2 was more than another gene. Further, a significant decrease was observed in QR-MRSA-treated isolates compared to un-treated isolates. In other words, norA, grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB genes were less suppressed by QR-MRSA (p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Vitamin K2 has significant inhibitory effects on the genes responsible for resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. However, a subminimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) level of vitamin K2 was delayed but did not completely inhibit norA, grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB genes in MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naime Kashefi Pasandideh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Tahmasebi
- grid.444858.10000 0004 0384 8816School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dehbashi
- grid.513395.80000 0004 9048 9072Department of Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Behrouz zeyni
- grid.513395.80000 0004 9048 9072Department of Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- grid.513395.80000 0004 9048 9072Department of Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Ahmadkhosravi N, Khosravi AD, Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A, Hashemzadeh M, Saki M, Mehr FJ, Izadpour F. Study of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial profile of nosocomial infections and their antibiotic resistance in a referral center, Southwest Iran: A three year cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259512. [PMID: 34752474 PMCID: PMC8577755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The drug resistance is expected to be the most important challenge in infection control in Iran, where there is no local report or standard drug resistance monitoring system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial profile of nosocomial infections and their antibiotic resistance in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. METHODOLOGY The gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were identified on the basis of conventional culture and biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates against antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS Among total 1156 collected positive samples, E. coli and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the most frequent pathogenic gram negative bacteria (GNB) and gram positive bacteria (GPB) respectively. Drug susceptibility testing revealed that among GNB, P. aeruginosa was 100% resistant to amikacin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. In the case of E. coli, the resistance rate was (98%) for trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and cefepime. For GPB, S. aureus showed the highest resistance rates to amikacin (100%) and clindamycin (100%). In addition, CoNS strains showed a high level of resistance to doxycycline (100%), erythromycin (100%) and cefoxitin (97%). In Bacteroeides fragilis isolates, the highest resistance rate belonged to clindamycin (72%), and Clostridium perfringens strains showed high level of resistance to penicillin (46%). CONCLUSION The results highlighted that there are distinct factors leading to antimicrobial resistance in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. The primary contributors to the resistance development, include poor surveillance of drug-resistant infections, poor quality of available antibiotics, clinical misuse, and the ease of access to antibiotics. Moreover, similar factors such as self-medication and the lack of regulation on medication imports play a role in antibiotic resistance in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ahmadkhosravi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Iranian Study Group on Microbial Drug Resistance, Iran
| | - Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jahangiri Mehr
- Pain Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farokh Izadpour
- Microbiology Section of Medical Laboratory, Emam Khomeini Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abdizadeh N, Haeili M, Kafil HS, Ahmadi A, Feizabadi MM. Evaluation of in vitro activity of ceftaroline on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates from Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:442-448. [PMID: 34557271 PMCID: PMC8421581 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i4.6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ceftaroline (CPT) is a novel cephalosporin with potent activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Despite its recent introduction, CPT resistance in MRSA has been described worldwide. We aimed in the current study to evaluate the in vitro activity of CPT against 91 clinical MRSA and 3 MSSA isolates. Materials and Methods: Susceptibility of isolates to CPT was tested using E-test and disk diffusion (DD) method. The nucleotide sequence of the mecA gene and molecular types of isolates with reduced susceptibility to CPT were further studied to identify resistance conferring mutations in PBP2a and the genetic relatedness of the isolates respectively. Results: Overall, 92.5% of isolates were found to be CPT susceptible (MICs≤1mg/l) and 7 MRSA isolates were characterized with MIC=2mg/l and categorized as susceptible dose dependent. Compared to E-test, DD revealed a categorical agreement rate of 93.6% and the obtained rates for minor, major /very major error were found to be 6.3% and 0% respectively. The MRSA isolates with increased CPT MICs (n=7), belonged to spa types t030 (n=6) and t13927 (n=1) and all carried N146K substitution in PBP2a allosteric domain, except for one isolate which harbored a wild-type PBP2a. Conclusion: While resistance to CPT was not detected we found increased CPT MICs in 7.69% of MRSA isolates. Reduced susceptibility to CPT in the absence of mecA mutations is indicative of contribution of secondary chromosomal mutations in resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Abdizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehri Haeili
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Comparative study of Staphylococcus aureus from burn patients and healthcare workers in a burn center, Yazd, Iran. Wien Med Wochenschr 2021; 172:256-260. [PMID: 34338909 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-021-00863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are proposed as the potential source of transmission of Staphylococcus aureus to hospitalized patients, especially in burn units. This study aimed to investigate S. aureus from burn wound infections and those from the nose of HCWs in terms of antibiotic resistance, the presence of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-encoding gene (pvl) and the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and the ability for biofilm formation. Also, the genetic diversity of isolates was assessed using staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. Overall, regarding the studied factors, significant differences were found neither between isolates from patients and HCWs nor between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible isolates (except for multidrug resistance which was significantly higher in MRSA). The most frequent SCCmec types were type I and III. ACME-arcA was only detected in isolates from patients and similarly the presence of ACME-opp3 was the most prevalent in this group. The presence of common clonal complexes among patient isolates and more importantly between isolates from patients and HCWs is warning. The high prevalence of virulence factors, both in MRSA and MSSA, emphasizes the importance of MSSA in burn centers. Finding no significant difference in the presence of virulence-associated factors between isolates from patients and HCWs demonstrates the need to take HCWs into account as important reservoirs.
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Farzi S, Rezazadeh M, Mirhosseini A, Rezazadeh MA, Houshyar F, Ahmadi MH. Genetic diversity of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Southern Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021; 68:121-127. [PMID: 34077387 DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen causing hospital infections. The increasing rate of healthcare-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in developing countries has led to many public health problems. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology as well as the antibiotic resistance pattern of clinical isolates of MRSA from Southern Iran. A total of 135 S. aureus isolates were collected from the patients referred to three hospitals in South Iran. The phenotypic and genotypic diagnosis of MRSA isolates was performed by disk diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern for MRSA isolates was performed using Kirby-Bauer method. The molecular epidemiology of isolates was performed by MLST, Spa typing and SCCmec typing. From 135 S. aureus isolates, 50 (37%) MRSA strains were detected from which two different sequence types including ST239 and ST605 were identified. SCCmec type III was the most common profile (50%) and t030 was the predominant spa type (48%) among the strains. The MRSA isolates had the highest resistance to penicillin (100%), tetracycline (88%), levofloxacin (86%), ciprofloxacin (84%), erythromycin (82%), gentamicin (80%), and clindamycin (78%). The results of this study show that the most common genetic type among the MRSA isolates was ST239-SCCmec III/t030. The rapid and timely detection of MRSA and the administration of appropriate antibiotics according to the published antibiotic resistance patterns are essential. Furthermore, the continuous and nationwide MRSA surveillance studies are necessary to investigate clonal distribution and spreading of MRSA from community to hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Farzi
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezazadeh
- 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ahmadreza Mirhosseini
- 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammad Amin Rezazadeh
- 3Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farhan Houshyar
- 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
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Hashemzadeh M, Heydari R, Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A, Saki M, Meghdadi H, Bakhtiyariniya P. Occurrence of Multiple-Drug Resistance bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in burn infections from southwest of Iran. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:423-431. [PMID: 34236077 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn infection continues to be a major issue of concern globally and causes more harm to developing countries. This study aimed to identify the aerobic bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn infections in three hospitals in Abadan, southwest Iran. METHODS The cultures of various clinical samples obtained from 325 burn patients were investigated from January to December 2019. All bacterial isolates were identified based on the standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the CLSI. RESULTS A total of 287 bacterial species were isolated burn patients.P. aeruginosa was the most frequent bacterial isolate in Gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated in Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum resistance was found to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, while in Gram-negative bacteria, the maximum resistance was found to imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and amikacin. The occurrence of multidrug resistance phenotype was as follows: P. aeruginosa (30.3 %), Enterobacter spp (11.1 %), Escherichia coli (10.5 %), Citrobacter spp (2.1 %), S. epidermidis (2.8 %), S. aureus, and S. saprophyticus (0.7 %). CONCLUSION Owing to the diverse range of bacteria that because burn wound infection, regular investigation, and diagnosis of common bacteria and their resistance patterns is recommended to determine the proper antibiotic regimen for appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Meghdadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pejman Bakhtiyariniya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Liu WT, Chen EZ, Yang L, Peng C, Wang Q, Xu Z, Chen DQ. Emerging resistance mechanisms for 4 types of common anti-MRSA antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus: A comprehensive review. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104915. [PMID: 33930416 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading hospital-associated and community-associated pathogens, which has caused a global public health concern. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) along with the widespread use of different classes of antibiotics has become a significant therapeutic challenge. Antibiotic resistance is a disturbing problem that poses a threat to humans. Treatment options for S. aureus resistant to β-lactam antibiotics include glycopeptide antibiotic, cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, cephalosporins and oxazolidinone antibiotic. The most representative types of these antibiotics are vancomycin, daptomycin, ceftaroline and linezolid. The frequent use of the first-line drug vancomycin for MRSA treatment has increased the number of resistant strains, namely vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). A systematic literature review of relevant published studies in PubMed before 2020 was conducted. In recent years, there have been some reports on the relevant resistant mechanisms of vancomycin, daptomycin, ceftaroline and linezolid. In this review, we have summarized the antibiotic molecular modes of action and different gene mutants at the whole-genome level, which will aid in further development on new drugs for effective MRSA treatment based on describing different resistance mechanisms of classic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Liu
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - En-Zhong Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163, USA; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ding-Qiang Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
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Prevalence of PVL and LucED Genes in Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Patients in Kermanshah, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.109982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The main pathogen causing various nosocomial infections, especially in burn patients, is Staphylococcus aureus. An important virulence factor of this bacterium is leukocidin, which binds to white blood cells and leads to apoptosis and necrosis. Objectives: In the present research, we aimed at investigating the prevalence of the panton-valentine leukocidin (PVL) and LucED genes in methicillin-susceptible and resistant isolates of S. aureus isolated from burn patients in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: Overall, 73 isolates of S. aureus were collected from burn wounds and identified by specific biochemical tests. After determining the susceptibility patterns of the isolates by the disc diffusion method, the frequencies of the PVL and LucED genes were assessed using specific primers and polymerase chain reactions. Results: The rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates were 58.9% (43 isolates) and 41.1% (30 isolates), respectively. In MRSA isolates, the highest antibiotic resistance was to penicillin (100%) and gentamicin (81.4%). Moreover, the frequencies of the LucED and PVL genes were 76.7% (56 isolates) and 27.4% (20 isolates), respectively, and the highest frequency of the LucED and PVL genes was observed in MRSA (81.4%) and MSSA (40%) isolates, respectively. Conclusions: Increased multidrug resistance pattern among S. aureus isolates with leukocidin production has led to treatment failure and severe infections. The development of infections can be prevented by the identification of isolates carrying the leukocidin gene, and early detection of MRSA isolates is feasible by using the PVL gene.
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Wang S, Luo J, Liu XQ, Kang OH, Kwon DY. Antibacterial activity and synergy of antibiotics with sanguisorbigenin isolated from Sanguisorba officinalis L. against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:238-244. [PMID: 33064844 PMCID: PMC7986612 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antibacterial activity and the synergy of the sanguisorbigenin (SGB) from the dried root of Sanguisorba officinalis L. combined with β-lactam antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A total of six strains of reference strain and clinical isolates were used to determine the antibacterial activity using a broth microdilution assay, and the synergistic effects were determined using a checkerboard assay. To analyse the mechanism of synergy, we conducted the level of penicillin-binding protein 2a by western blot. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyse the mecA gene expression. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of SGB against six strains of S. aureus were in the range of 12·5-50 μg ml-1 , and there were synergy, or partial synergy effects when SGB was combined with antibiotics. Furthermore, when treated with SGB, the level of penicillin-binding protein 2a and the expression of the mecA gene was reduced significantly. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that SGB is a potential natural antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus that represents a considerable burden on the healthcare system worldwide, and may an exceptionally modulator of β-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - J Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - X-Q Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - O-H Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - D-Y Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Hashemzadeh M, Dezfuli A, Nashibi R, Jahangirimehr F, Akbarian Z. Study of biofilm formation, structure and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains causing urinary tract infection in women in Ahvaz, Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 39:100831. [PMID: 33489239 PMCID: PMC7807165 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most frequent community-acquired causative agent of acute urinary tract infection (UTI). Some strains of S. saprophyticus can create biofilms, increasing their virulence. Once biofilms have been produced, antibiotic resistance is exacerbated. Hence, the aims of the present study were the study of biofilm formation, structure and antibiotic resistance in S. saprophyticus strains causing UTIs in women in Ahvaz, Iran. Overall, 43 S. saprophyticus isolates were recovered from UTIs. Antibiotic resistance pattern and the biofilm production and structure were determined using phenotypic methods. Most S. saprophyticus isolates were resistant to erythromycin, but all isolates were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin. Fifty-eight per cent of S. saprophyticus were multidrug resistant. Twenty-one per cent of S. saprophyticus isolates harbored the mecA gene. Biofilm formation was observed in 65% of S. saprophyticus isolates and most had polysaccharide matrix. Our data indicate high rates of antibiotic resistance and the capability of biofilm formation among S. saprophyticus isolates. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in the management of UTIs is a serious public health issue. The findings of this study could be used to improve treatment plans to control UTIs. Consequently, increased awareness of the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and the development of drug resistance will allow UTIs to be more efficiently controlled and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hashemzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A.A.Z. Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - R. Nashibi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Ward, Razi Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - F. Jahangirimehr
- Pain Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Z.A. Akbarian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Determination of antibiotic resistance genes, immune evasion cluster and agr types among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from children with adenoiditis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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