1
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Virameteekul S, Lees AJ, Bhidayasiri R. Small Particles, Big Potential: Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 39077831 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of a number of efficacious treatments for Parkinson's disease, their limitations and drawbacks, particularly related to low brain bioavailability and associated side effects, emphasize the need for alternative and more effective therapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, has received considerable interest in recent years as a method of effectively delivering potentially therapeutic molecules to the brain. In particular, polymeric nanoparticles, constructed from biodegradable polymer, have shown great promise in enhancing therapeutic efficacy, reducing toxicity, and ensuring targeted delivery. However, their clinical translation remains a considerable challenge. This article reviews recent in vitro and in vivo studies using polymeric nanoparticles as drug and gene delivery systems for Parkinson's disease with their challenges and future directions. We are also particularly interested in the technical properties, mechanism, drugs release patterns, and delivery strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasivimol Virameteekul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrew J Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roongroj Bhidayasiri
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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da Silva JG, Boechat JPC, Silva BDJ, Müller R, Senna JPM. Monitoring Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization murine model using a bioluminescent methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Lab Anim 2024; 58:231-239. [PMID: 38460550 PMCID: PMC11264562 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231209790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is considered a risk factor for infections, and the development of nasal decolonization strategies is highly relevant. Despite they are not naturally colonized by Staphylococcus, mice are a good model for S. aureus nasal colonization. Murine models are easy to manipulate, and inter-laboratory reproducibility makes them suitable for nasal colonization studies. Strategies using bioluminescent bacteria allow for the monitoring of infection over time without the need to sacrifice animals for bacterial quantification. In this study, we evaluated S. aureus nasal colonization in three mouse strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Swiss Webster) using a bioluminescent strain (SAP231). In vitro, a visible Bioluminescent Signal Emission (BLSE) was observed until 106 bacteria and detected by IVIS® imaging system up to 104 cells. Animals were inoculated with one or two doses of approximately 109 colony-forming units (CFU) of SAP231. Swiss Webster mice showed the longest colonization time, with some animals presenting BLSE for up to 140 h. In addition, BLSE was higher in this strain. BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains showed consistent BLSE results for 48 h. BLSE intensity was higher in Swiss Webster inoculated with both doses. Three different positions for image capture were evaluated, with better results for the lateral and ventrodorsal positions. After the loss of BLSE, bacterial quantification was performed, and Swiss Webster mice presented more bacteria in the nasal cavity (approximately 105 CFU) than the other strains. Our results demonstrate that bioluminescent S. aureus allow monitoring of nasal colonization and estimation of the bacterial burden present in live animals until 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G da Silva
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana PC Boechat
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno DJ Silva
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Müller
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José PM Senna
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia emImunobiológicos-BioManguinhos Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chen Y, Zhang C, Huang Y, Ma Y, Song Q, Chen H, Jiang G, Gao X. Intranasal drug delivery: The interaction between nanoparticles and the nose-to-brain pathway. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115196. [PMID: 38336090 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery provides a direct and non-invasive method for drugs to reach the central nervous system. Nanoparticles play a crucial role as carriers in augmenting the efficacy of brain delivery. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the nose-to-brain pathway and how the various biopharmaceutical factors affect brain delivery efficacy remains unclear. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the nose-to-brain pathway and the obstacles that hinder brain delivery. We then outlined the interaction between nanoparticles and this pathway and reviewed the biomedical applications of various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for nose-to-brain drug delivery. This review aims at inspiring innovative approaches for enhancing the effectiveness of nose-to-brain drug delivery in the treatment of different brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yukun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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4
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Wong SN, Li S, Low KH, Chan HW, Zhang X, Chow S, Hui B, Chow PCY, Chow SF. Development of favipiravir dry powders for intranasal delivery: An integrated cocrystal and particle engineering approach via spray freeze drying. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123896. [PMID: 38346602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of pharmaceutical cocrystals in intranasal applications remains largely unexplored despite progressive advancements in cocrystal research. We present the application of spray freeze drying (SFD) in successful fabrication of a favipiravir-pyridinecarboxamide cocrystal nasal powder formulation for potential treatment of broad-spectrum antiviral infections. Preliminary screening via mechanochemistry revealed that favipiravir (FAV) can cocrystallize with isonicotinamide (INA), but not nicotinamide (NCT) and picolinamide (PIC) notwithstanding their structural similarity. The cocrystal formation was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and unit cell determination through Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray analysis. FAV-INA crystalized in a monoclinic space group P21/c with a unit cell volume of 1223.54(3) Å3, accommodating one FAV molecule and one INA molecule in the asymmetric unit. The cocrystal was further reproduced as intranasal dry powders by SFD, of which the morphology, particle size, in vitro drug release, and nasal deposition were assessed. The non-porous flake shaped FAV-INA powders exhibited a mean particle size of 19.79 ± 2.61 μm, rendering its suitability for intranasal delivery. Compared with raw FAV, FAV-INA displayed a 3-fold higher cumulative fraction of drug permeated in Franz diffusion cells at 45 min (p = 0.001). Dose fraction of FAV-INA deposited in the nasal fraction of a customized 3D-printed nasal cast reached over 80 %, whereas the fine particle fraction remained below 6 % at a flow rate of 15 L/min, suggesting high nasal deposition whilst minimal lung deposition. FAV-INA was safe in RPMI 2650 nasal and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells without any in vitro cytotoxicity observed. This study demonstrated that combining the merits of cocrystallization and particle engineering via SFD can propel the development of advanced dry powder formulations for intranasal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Si Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ho Wan Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Stephanie Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Bo Hui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Xu K, Duan S, Wang W, Ouyang Q, Qin F, Guo P, Hou J, He Z, Wei W, Qin M. Nose-to-brain delivery of nanotherapeutics: Transport mechanisms and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1956. [PMID: 38558503 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier presents a key limitation to the administration of therapeutic molecules for the treatment of brain disease. While drugs administered orally or intravenously must cross this barrier to reach brain targets, the unique anatomical structure of the olfactory system provides a route to deliver drugs directly to the brain. Entering the brain via receptor, carrier, and adsorption-mediated transcytosis in the nasal olfactory and trigeminal regions has the potential to increase drug delivery. In this review, we introduce the physiological and anatomical structures of the nasal cavity, and summarize the possible modes of transport and the relevant receptors and carriers in the nose-to-brain pathway. Additionally, we provide examples of nanotherapeutics developed for intranasal drug delivery to the brain. Further development of nanoparticles that can be applied to intranasal delivery systems promises to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug resistance and adverse effects by increasing molecular access to the brain. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyao Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Suqin Duan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Ouyang
- Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Hou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Su J, Liu Y, Sun H, Naeem A, Xu H, Qu Y, Wang C, Li Z, Lu J, Wang L, Wang X, Wu J, Sun L, Zhang J, Wang Z, Yang R, Wu L. Visualization of nasal powder distribution using biomimetic human nasal cavity model. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:392-404. [PMID: 38261815 PMCID: PMC10792963 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Su
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huipeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zeru Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong 226199, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong 226199, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong 226199, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
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Nasrolahi A, Shabani Z, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Mahmoudi J. Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: What Promise Does it Hold? Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:185-199. [PMID: 36815638 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230222144116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by substantia nigra dopamine cell death and a varied clinical picture that affects older people. Although more than two centuries have passed since the earliest attempts to find a cure for PD, it remains an unresolved problem. With this in mind, cell replacement therapy is a new strategy for treating PD. This novel approach aims to replace degenerated dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons with new ones or provide a new source of cells that can differentiate into DAergic neurons. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are among the cells considered for transplantation therapies. Recently disease-modifying strategies like cell replacement therapies combined with other therapeutic approaches, such as utilizing natural compounds or biomaterials, are proposed to modify the underlying neurodegeneration. In the present review, we discuss the current advances in cell replacement therapy for PD and summarize the existing experimental and clinical evidence supporting this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabani
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kapoor A, Hafeez A, Kushwaha P. Nanocarrier Mediated Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems for the Management of Parkinsonism: A Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:709-725. [PMID: 37365787 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230523114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The transport of drugs to the brain becomes a key concern when treating disorders of the central nervous system. Parkinsonism is one of the major concerns across the world populations, which causes difficulty in coordination and balance. However, the blood-brain barrier is a significant barrier to achieving optimal brain concentration through oral, transdermal, and intravenous routes of administration. The intranasal route with nanocarrier-based formulations has shown potential for managing Parkinsonism disorder (PD). Direct delivery to the brain through the intranasal route is possible via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways using drug-loaded nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. The critical analysis of reported works demonstrates dose reduction, brain targeting, safety, effectiveness, and stability for drug-loaded nanocarriers. The important aspects of intranasal drug delivery, PD details, and nanocarrier-based intranasal formulations in PD management with a discussion of physicochemical characteristics, cell line studies, and animal studies are the major topics in this review. Patent reports and clinical investigations are summarized in the last sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Kapoor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India Lucknow India
| | - Poonam Kushwaha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India
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Grosso C, Silva A, Delerue-Matos C, Barroso MF. Single and Multitarget Systems for Drug Delivery and Detection: Up-to-Date Strategies for Brain Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1721. [PMID: 38139848 PMCID: PMC10747932 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent findings on the development of different types of single and multitarget nanoparticles for disease detection and drug delivery to the brain, focusing on promising active principles encapsulated and nanoparticle surface modification and functionalization. Functionalized nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders, offering a novel approach to addressing complex neurological challenges. They can act as drug delivery vehicles, transporting one or multiple therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier and precisely releasing them at the site of action. In diagnostics, functionalized nanoparticles can serve as highly sensitive contrast agents for imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. By attaching targeting ligands to the nanoparticles, they can selectively accumulate in the affected areas of the brain, enhancing the accuracy of disease detection. This enables early diagnosis and monitoring of conditions like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. While the field is still evolving, functionalized nanoparticles represent a promising path for advancing our ability to diagnose and treat brain disorders with greater precision, reduced invasiveness, and improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.); (C.D.-M.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Aurora Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.); (C.D.-M.); (M.F.B.)
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidad de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.); (C.D.-M.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Maria Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.); (C.D.-M.); (M.F.B.)
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10
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Kato S. Lactoferrin inhibits the proliferation of IMR‑32 neuroblastoma cells even under X‑rays. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 3:33. [PMID: 37448769 PMCID: PMC10336960 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a typical solid tumor common in childhood. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of lactoferrin on the proliferation of IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells, including under X-ray irradiation. In controlled in vitro assays, it was found that lactoferrin inhibited cell proliferation, accompanied by cell membrane disruption. Furthermore, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation increased in IMR-32 cells treated with lactoferrin, causing membrane lipid peroxidation and the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. The IC50 values for cell proliferation were ~2.0 nM for doxorubicin, 2.7 mM for dibutyryl-cAMP and 45.9 µM for lactoferrin. X-ray irradiation at 1 Gy decreased cell proliferation to ~30%, which was not restored by lactoferrin. In the Fenton reaction system with iron chloride, lactoferrin increased hydroxyl radical (OH·) formation via H2O2, as confirmed by electron spin resonance spectra. On the whole, the findings of the present study indicate that lactoferrin, found abundantly in milk, may help prevent or treat neuroblastoma in infants with modest efficacy, and does not exert a protective effect against X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kato
- Radioisotope Experimental Facility, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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11
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Du L, Chen L, Liu F, Wang W, Huang H. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of CNS disease: New development and strategies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 171:255-297. [PMID: 37783558 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain has always been a challenging task due to the restrictive properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal delivery is therefore emerging as an efficient method of administration, making it easy to self-administration and thus provides a non-invasive and painless alternative to oral and parenteral administration for delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, drug formulations have been developed to further enhance this nose-to-brain transport, primarily using nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the purposes of this review are to highlight and describe the anatomical basis of nasal-brain pathway and provide an overview of drug formulations and current drugs for intranasal administration in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Wenya Wang
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China,.
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Institute of Neurorestoratology, Third Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, P.R. China.
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12
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Nakmode DD, Day CM, Song Y, Garg S. The Management of Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051503. [PMID: 37242745 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has significantly affected a large proportion of the elderly population worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 8.5 million people worldwide are living with PD. In the United States, an estimated one million people are living with PD, with approximately 60,000 new cases diagnosed every year. Conventional therapies available for Parkinson's disease are associated with limitations such as the wearing-off effect, on-off period, episodes of motor freezing, and dyskinesia. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in DDSs used to reduce the limitations of current therapies will be presented, and both their promising features and drawbacks will be discussed. We are also particularly interested in the technical properties, mechanism, and release patterns of incorporated drugs, as well as nanoscale delivery strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa D Nakmode
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Candace M Day
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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13
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Self-Assembled Lecithin-Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved Rotigotine Nose-to-Brain Delivery and Brain Targeting Efficiency. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030851. [PMID: 36986712 PMCID: PMC10052746 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotigotine (RTG) is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist and an approved drug for treating Parkinson’s disease. However, its clinical use is limited due to various problems, viz. poor oral bioavailability (<1%), low aqueous solubility, and extensive first-pass metabolism. In this study, rotigotine-loaded lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles (RTG-LCNP) were formulated to enhance its nose-to-brain delivery. RTG-LCNP was prepared by self-assembly of chitosan and lecithin due to ionic interactions. The optimized RTG-LCNP had an average diameter of 108 nm with 14.43 ± 2.77% drug loading. RTG-LCNP exhibited spherical morphology and good storage stability. Intranasal RTG-LCNP improved the brain availability of RTG by 7.86 fold with a 3.84-fold increase in the peak brain drug concentration (Cmax(brain)) compared to intranasal drug suspensions. Further, the intranasal RTG-LCNP significantly reduced the peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax(plasma)) compared to intranasal RTG suspensions. The direct drug transport percentage (DTP (%)) of optimized RTG-LCNP was found to be 97.3%, which shows effective direct nose-to-brain drug uptake and good targeting efficiency. In conclusion, RTG-LCNP enhanced drug brain availability, showing the potential for clinical application.
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14
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Intranasal Polymeric and Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for CNS Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030746. [PMID: 36986607 PMCID: PMC10051709 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is currently focused on the design and development of nanocarriers that enhance drug delivery to the brain to address unmet clinical needs for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Polymer and lipid-based drug carriers are advantageous for delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) due to their safety profiles, drug-loading capacity, and controlled-release properties. Polymer and lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) are reported to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and have been extensively assessed in in vitro and animal models of glioblastoma, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disease. Since approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of intranasal esketamine for treatment of major depressive disorder, intranasal administration has emerged as an attractive route to bypass the BBB for drug delivery to the CNS. NPs can be specifically designed for intranasal administration by tailoring their size and coating with mucoadhesive agents or other moieties that promote transport across the nasal mucosa. In this review, unique characteristics of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers desirable for drug delivery to the brain are explored in addition to their potential for drug repurposing for the treatment of CNS disorders. Progress in intranasal drug delivery using polymeric and lipid-based nanostructures for the development of treatments of various neurological diseases are also described.
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15
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Guzmán-Mejía F, Godínez-Victoria M, Molotla-Torres DE, Drago-Serrano ME. Lactoferrin as a Component of Pharmaceutical Preparations: An Experimental Focus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:214. [PMID: 37259362 PMCID: PMC9961256 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that exhibits multitask activities. Lactoferrin properties are of interest in the pharmaceutical field for the design of products with therapeutic potential, including nanoparticles and liposomes, among many others. In antimicrobial preparations, lactoferrin has been included either as a main bioactive component or as an enhancer of the activity and potency of first-line antibiotics. In some proposals based on nanoparticles, lactoferrin has been included in delivery systems to transport and protect drugs from enzymatic degradation in the intestine, favoring the bioavailability for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Moreover, nanoparticles loaded with lactoferrin have been formulated as delivery systems to transport drugs for neurodegenerative diseases, which cannot cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the central nervous system. This manuscript is focused on pharmaceutical products either containing lactoferrin as the bioactive component or formulated with lactoferrin as the carrier considering its interaction with receptors expressed in tissues as targets of drugs delivered via parenteral or mucosal administration. We hope that this manuscript provides insights about the therapeutic possibilities of pharmaceutical Lf preparations with a sustainable approach that contributes to decreasing the resistance of antimicrobials and enhancing the bioavailability of first-line drugs for intestinal chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Guzmán-Mejía
- Unidad Xochimilco, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México CP 04960, Mexico
| | - Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Daniel Efrain Molotla-Torres
- Unidad Xochimilco, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México CP 04960, Mexico
| | - Maria Elisa Drago-Serrano
- Unidad Xochimilco, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México CP 04960, Mexico
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Aghaei Delche N, Kheiri R, Ghorbani Nejad B, Sheikhi M, Razavi MS, Rahimzadegan M, Salmasi Z. Recent progress in the intranasal PLGA-based drug delivery for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1107-1119. [PMID: 37736505 PMCID: PMC10510483 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.70192.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the most challenging problems of the current treatments of neurodegenerative diseases is related to the permeation and access of most therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS), prevented by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, intranasal (IN) delivery has opened new prospects because it directly delivers drugs for neurological diseases into the brain via the olfactory route. Recently, PLGA-based nanocarriers have attracted a lot of interest for IN delivery of drugs. This review gathered clear and concise statements of the recent progress of the various developed PLGA-based nanocarriers for IN drug delivery in brain diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, brain tumors, ischemia, epilepsy, depression, and schizophrenia. Subsequently, future perspectives and challenges of PLGA-based IN administration are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reyhaneh Kheiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbani Nejad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sheikhi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Sadat Razavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Khatri DK, Preeti K, Tonape S, Bhattacharjee S, Patel M, Shah S, Singh PK, Srivastava S, Gugulothu D, Vora L, Singh SB. Nanotechnological Advances for Nose to Brain Delivery of Therapeutics to Improve the Parkinson Therapy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:493-516. [PMID: 35524671 PMCID: PMC10207920 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220507022701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) acts as a highly impermeable barrier, presenting an impediment to the crossing of most classical drugs targeted for neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). About the nature of drugs and other potential molecules, they impose unavoidable doserestricted limitations eventually leading to the failure of therapy. However, many advancements in formulation technology and modification of delivery approaches have been successful in delivering the drug to the brain in the therapeutic window. The nose to the brain (N2B) drug delivery employing the nanoformulation, is one such emerging delivery approach, overcoming both classical drug formulation and delivery-associated limitations. This latter approach offers increased bioavailability, greater patient acceptance, lesser metabolic degradation of drugs, circumvention of BBB, ample drug loading along with the controlled release of the drugs. In N2B delivery, the intranasal (IN) route carries therapeutics firstly into the nasal cavity followed by the brain through olfactory and trigeminal nerve connections linked with nasal mucosa. The N2B delivery approach is being explored for delivering other biologicals like neuropeptides and mitochondria. Meanwhile, this N2B delivery system is associated with critical challenges consisting of mucociliary clearance, degradation by enzymes, and drug translocations by efflux mechanisms. These challenges finally culminated in the development of suitable surfacemodified nano-carriers and Focused- Ultrasound-Assisted IN as FUS-IN technique which has expanded the horizons of N2B drug delivery. Hence, nanotechnology, in collaboration with advances in the IN route of drug administration, has a diversified approach for treating PD. The present review discusses the physiology and limitation of IN delivery along with current advances in nanocarrier and technical development assisting N2B drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K. Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Shivraj Tonape
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Sheoshree Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Monica Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast-BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shashi B. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Agnihotri TG, Jadhav GS, Sahu B, Jain A. Recent trends of bioconjugated nanomedicines through nose-to-brain delivery for neurological disorders. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:3104-3120. [PMID: 35570262 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of neurological disorders has been increasing day by day which calls for immediate attention to the solutions. Novel drug delivery systems are one of the alternatives that we count on to counteract these disorders. As the blood-brain barrier creates a significant hindrance to the delivery of drugs across the endothelium lining of the brain, nose-to-brain delivery has been the favorite option to administer such drugs. In recent times, bioconjugation has been viewed as a rapidly growing area in the field of pharmaceuticals. The pharmaceutical industry and academic research are investing significantly in bioconjugated structures as an attractive and advantageous potential aid to nanoparticulate delivery systems, with all of its flexible benefits in terms of tailor grafting and custom design as well as overcoming the majority of their drawbacks. This review discusses drug delivery via the intranasal route and gives insight into bioconjugation systems for drug molecules, their chemistry, and benefits over other systems. Conjugation of drugs/macromolecules with peptides, carbohydrates, ligands, and nucleic acids has also been discussed in detail. The figure represents few types of novel drug delivery systems and molecules that have been attempted by researchers for nose-to-brain delivery through nasal (mucosal) route for the effective management of epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, brain cancer, and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Govinda Shivaji Jadhav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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19
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Nose-to-brain delivery of rotigotine redispersible nanosuspension: In vitro and in vivo characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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20
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Alonso M, Barcia E, González JF, Montejo C, García-García L, Villa-Hermosilla MC, Negro S, Fraguas-Sánchez AI, Fernández-Carballido A. Functionalization of Morin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles with Phenylalanine Dipeptide Targeting the Brain. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112348. [PMID: 36365169 PMCID: PMC9696360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, with its incidence constantly increasing. To date, there is no cure for the disease, with a need for new and effective treatments. Morin hydrate (MH) is a naturally occurring flavonoid of the Moraceae family with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents this flavonoid from reaching the CNS when aiming to potentially treat AD. Seeking to use the LAT-1 transporter present in the BBB, a nanoparticle (NPs) formulation loaded with MH and functionalized with phenylalanine-phenylalanine dipeptide was developed (NPphe-MH) and compared to non-functionalized NPs (NP-MH). In addition, two formulations were prepared using rhodamine B (Rh-B) as a fluorescent dye (NPphe-Rh and NP-Rh) to study their biodistribution and ability to cross the BBB. Functionalization of PLGA NPs resulted in high encapsulation efficiencies for both MH and Rh-B. Studies conducted in Wistar rats showed that the presence of phenylalanine dipeptide in the NPs modified their biodistribution profiles, making them more attractive for both liver and lungs, whereas non-functionalized NPs were predominantly distributed to the spleen. Formulation NPphe-Rh remained in the brain for at least 2 h after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alonso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-94-17-41
| | - Juan-Francisco González
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Montejo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Brain Mapping Lab, Pluridisciplinary Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica-Carolina Villa-Hermosilla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Negro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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van den Broek SL, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. Transport of nanomedicines across the blood-brain barrier: Challenges and opportunities for imaging and therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213125. [PMID: 36182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective and semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents toxins and foreign bodies to enter and damage the brain. Unfortunately, the BBB also hampers the development of pharmaceuticals targeting receptors, enzymes, or other proteins that lie beyond this barrier. Especially large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or nanoparticles, are prevented to enter the brain. The limited passage of these molecules partly explains why nanomedicines - targeting brain diseases - have not made it into the clinic to a great extent. As nanomedicines can target a wide range of targets including protein isoforms and oligomers or potentially deliver cytotoxic drugs safely to their targets, a pathway to smuggle nanomedicines into the brain would allow to treat brain diseases that are currently considered 'undruggable'. In this review, strategies to transport nanomedicines over the BBB will be discussed. Their challenges and opportunities will be highlighted with respect to their use for molecular imaging or therapies. Several strategies have been explored for this thus far. For example, carrier-mediated and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), techniques to disrupt the BBB, nasal drug delivery or administering nanomedicines directly into the brain have been explored. RMT has been the most widely and successfully explored strategy. Recent work on the use of focused ultrasound based BBB opening has shown great promise. For example, successful delivery of mAbs into the brain has been achieved, even in a clinical setting. As nanomedicines bear the potential to treat incurable brain diseases, drug delivery technologies that can deliver nanomedicines into the brain will play an essential role for future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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(Re)Formulating rotigotine: a potential molecule with unmet needs. Ther Deliv 2022; 13:445-448. [PMID: 36695083 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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23
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Wang S, Yu Y, Wang A, Duan X, Sun Y, Wang L, Chu L, Lv Y, Cui N, Fan X, Sha C, Xu L, Sun K. Temozolomide hexadecyl ester targeted plga nanoparticles for drug-resistant glioblastoma therapy via intranasal administration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965789. [PMID: 36059989 PMCID: PMC9429944 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line drug for glioblastoma (GBM), but it is limited in clinical use due to the drug resistance, poor brain targeting, and side effects. Temozolomide hexadecyl ester (TMZ16e), a TMZ derivative with high lipophilicity, membrane permeability, and high anti-glioma properties, has the potential to reverse drug resistance. In this study, anti-ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EphA3) modified TMZ16e loaded nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared for targeted GBM therapy via intranasal administration to deliver TMZ16e to the brain, treat drug-resistant glioma effectively, and reduce peripheral toxicity. Methods: TMZ16e loaded NPs were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method followed by modified with anti-EphA3 (anti-EphA3-TMZ16e-NPs). In vitro evaluations were performed by an MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. The orthotopic nude mice models were used to evaluate the anti-glioma effect in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the anti-drug resistant mechanism by western blot analysis. Results: The particle size of the prepared NPs was less than 200 nm, and the zeta potential of TMZ16e-NPs and anti-EphA3-TMZ16e-NPs were -23.05 ± 1.48 mV and -28.65 ± 1.20mV, respectively, which is suitable for nasal delivery. In vitro studies have shown that anti-EphA3 modification increased the cellular uptake of nanoparticles in T98G cells. The cytotoxicity in the anti-EphA3-TMZ16e-NPs treated group was significantly higher than that of the TMZ16e-NPs, TMZ16e, and TMZ groups (p < 0.01), and the cell cycle was blocked. Western blotting analysis showed that the TMZ16e-loaded NPs were able to effectively downregulate the expression level of O6-methylguanine-deoxyribonucleic acid-methyltransferase (MGMT) protein in T98G cells and reverse drug resistance. In vivo studies showed that the median survival time of tumor-bearing nude mice in the anti-EphA3-TMZ16e-NPs group was extended to 41 days, which was 1.71-fold higher than that of the saline group and the TUNEL staining results of the brain tissue section indicated that the TMZ16e-loaded NPs could elevate apoptosis in T98G cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, the TMZ16e-loaded NPs can be effectively delivered to the brain and targeted to gliomas, exhibiting better anti-glioma activity, indicating they possess great potential in the treatment of drug-resistant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yawen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Aiping Wang,
| | - Xinliu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Liangxiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Liuxiang Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanan Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Nan Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuesong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunjie Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Luye Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yantai, China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Mohi-Ud-Din R, Mir RH, Mir PA, Banday N, Shah AJ, Sawhney G, Bhat MM, Batiha GE, Pottoo FH, Pottoo FH. Dysfunction of ABC Transporters at the Surface of BBB: Potential Implications in Intractable Epilepsy and Applications of Nanotechnology Enabled Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:735-756. [PMID: 35980054 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220817115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting 70 million people globally. One of the fascinating attributes of brain microvasculature is the (BBB), which controls a chain of distinct features that securely regulate the molecules, ions, and cells movement between the blood and the parenchyma. The barrier's integrity is of paramount importance and essential for maintaining brain homeostasis, as it offers both physical and chemical barriers to counter pathogens and xenobiotics. Dysfunction of various transporters in the (BBB), mainly ATP binding cassette (ABC), is considered to play a vital role in hampering the availability of antiepileptic drugs into the brain. ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters constitute a most diverse protein superfamily, which plays an essential part in various biological processes, including cell homeostasis, cell signaling, uptake of nutrients, and drug metabolism. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in neuroprotection by out-flowing various internal and external toxic substances from the interior of a cell, thus decreasing their buildup inside the cell. In humans, forty-eight ABC transporters have been acknowledged and categorized into subfamilies A to G based on their phylogenetic analysis. ABC subfamilies B, C, and G, impart a vital role at the BBB in guarding the brain against the entrance of various xenobiotic and their buildup. The illnesses of the central nervous system have received a lot of attention lately Owing to the existence of the BBB, the penetration effectiveness of most CNS medicines into the brain parenchyma is very limited (BBB). In the development of neurological therapies, BBB crossing for medication delivery to the CNS continues to be a major barrier. Nanomaterials with BBB cross ability have indeed been extensively developed for the treatment of CNS diseases due to their advantageous properties. This review will focus on multiple possible factors like inflammation, oxidative stress, uncontrolled recurrent seizures, and genetic polymorphisms that result in the deregulation of ABC transporters in epilepsy and nanotechnology-enabled delivery across BBB in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of General Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190011, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Punjab-140301, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar-143002, Punjab, India
| | - Nazia Banday
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Jalil Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Gifty Sawhney
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mudasir Maqbool Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Ding Z, Yu Q. Investigation of the “Nose-to-Brain” Pathways in Intranasal HupA Nanoemulsions and Evaluation of Their in vivo Pharmacokinetics and Brain-Targeting Ability. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3443-3456. [PMID: 35959279 PMCID: PMC9359405 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s369978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose While developing huperzine A (HupA) to explore new approaches to treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD), intranasal administration was proposed as an alternative route to deliver drugs into the brain. This study aimed to prepare nanoemulsions (NEs) of HupA to investigate their potential “nose-to-brain” pathways and to evaluate their pharmacokinetic and brain-targeting parameters. Methods HupA-NE and Lf-HupA-NE that underwent surface modification with lactoferrin (Lf) were characterized to determine various physicochemical properties, such as their size, PDI, zeta potential, pH, and loading efficiency; in addition, transmission electron microscopy and stability assessments were performed. We utilized an aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) probe to monitor intact NEs in the brains of olfactory nerve transection model and normal rats. Immunohistochemistry, pharmacokinetic and targeting index analyses were performed to investigate the in vivo effects of HupA-NE and Lf-HupA-NE. Results Based on the live imaging results, HupA-NE and Lf-HupA-NE could be transported into the brain via nerve and blood circulation pathways. Immunohistochemical staining tests demonstrated that the efflux proteins P-gp, MRP1, and BCRP were expressed in brain tissue. NEs can inhibit efflux pumps to improve drug concentrations in the brain. The findings of this study showed that NEs (especially Lf-HupA-NE) had better pharmacokinetic profiles and a better nose-to-brain drug transport efficiency than free HupA. Conclusion The newly designed formulations might contribute to the transport and accumulation of HupA to achieve therapeutic results. The delivery system may be a promising strategy for the brain-targeted delivery of HupA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qian Yu, Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13664419002, Email
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Inorganic Nanomaterials Versus Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Overcoming Neurodegeneration. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142337. [PMID: 35889562 PMCID: PMC9317100 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) affect a great number of people worldwide and also have a significant socio-economic impact on the aging population. In this context, nanomedicine applied to neurological disorders provides several biotechnological strategies and nanoformulations that improve life expectancy and the quality of life of patients affected by brain disorders. However, available treatments are limited by the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B–CSFB). In this regard, nanotechnological approaches could overcome these obstacles by updating various aspects (e.g., enhanced drug-delivery efficiency and bioavailability, BBB permeation and targeting the brain parenchyma, minimizing side effects). The aim of this review is to carefully explore the key elements of different neurological disorders and summarize the available nanomaterials applied for neurodegeneration therapy looking at several types of nanocarriers. Moreover, nutraceutical-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) and synthesized NPs using green approaches are also discussed underling the need to adopt eco-friendly procedures with a low environmental impact. The proven antioxidant properties related to several natural products provide an interesting starting point for developing efficient and green nanotools useful for neuroprotection.
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Taghipour YD, Zarebkohan A, Salehi R, Rahimi F, Torchilin VP, Hamblin MR, Seifalian A. An update on dual targeting strategy for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2022; 349:67-96. [PMID: 35779656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The key issue in the treatment of solid tumors is the lack of efficient strategies for the targeted delivery and accumulation of therapeutic cargoes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting approaches are designed for more efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells while minimizing drug toxicity to normal cells and off-targeting effects, while maximizing the eradication of cancer cells. The highly complicated interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, and the physiological and pathological barriers that are required to cross, dictates the need for the success of targeting strategies. Dual targeting is an approach that uses both purely biological strategies and physicochemical responsive smart delivery strategies to increase the accumulation of nanoparticles within the TME and improve targeting efficiency towards cancer cells. In both approaches, either one single ligand is used for targeting a single receptor on different cells, or two different ligands for targeting two different receptors on the same or different cells. Smart delivery strategies are able to respond to triggers that are typical of specific disease sites, such as pH, certain specific enzymes, or redox conditions. These strategies are expected to lead to more precise targeting and better accumulation of nano-therapeutics. This review describes the classification and principles of dual targeting approaches and critically reviews the efficiency of dual targeting strategies, and the rationale behind the choice of ligands. We focus on new approaches for smart drug delivery in which synthetic and/or biological moieties are attached to nanoparticles by TME-specific responsive linkers and advanced camouflaged nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Davatgaran Taghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Rahimi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine and Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
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GÜNEŞ M, KARAVANA SY. Non-Oral Drug Delivery in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Applications and Future. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:343-352. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.95226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mousa AH, Mohammad SA. Potential role of chitosan, PLGA and iron oxide nanoparticles in Parkinson’s disease therapy. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating disease that alters an individual's functionality. Parkinsonism is a complex symptom consisting of numerous motor and non-motor features, and although several disorders are responsible, PD remains the most important. Several theories have been proposed for the characteristic pathological changes, the most important of which is the loss of dopaminergic neurons associated with a reduced ability to perform voluntary movements. Many drugs have been developed over the years to treat the condition and prevent its progression, but drug delivery is still a challenge due to the blood–brain barrier, which prevents the passage of drugs into the central nervous system. However, with the advances in nanotechnology in the medical field, there is growing hope of overcoming this challenge.
Summary
Our review highlights the potential role of three commonly studied nanoparticles in laboratory-induced animal models of PD: chitosan, PLGA, and iron oxide nanoparticles as potential PD therapy in humans.
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Pinto M, Silva V, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Borges F, Fernandes C. Brain drug delivery and neurodegenerative diseases: Polymeric PLGA-based nanoparticles as a forefront platform. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101658. [PMID: 35660114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of effective drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is a deadlock. Due to their complex etiology and high heterogeneity, progresses in the development of novel NDs therapies have been slow, raising social/economic and medical concerns. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine evolved exponentially in recent years and presented a panoply of tools projected to improve diagnosis and treatment. Drug-loaded nanosystems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), were successfully used to address numerous drug glitches, such as efficacy, bioavailability and safety. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), mainly based on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), have been already validated and approved for the treatment of cancer, neurologic dysfunctions and hormonal-related diseases. Despite promising no PNPs-based therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is available up to date. To stimulate the research in the area the studies performed so far with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as well as the techniques aimed to improve PNPs BBB permeability and drug targeting were revised. Bearing in mind NDs pharmacological therapy landscape huge efforts must be done in finding new therapeutic solutions along with the translation of the most promising results to the clinic, which hopefully will converge in the development of effective drugs in a foreseeable future.
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Zha S, Wong K, All AH. Intranasal Delivery of Functionalized Polymeric Nanomaterials to the Brain. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102610. [PMID: 35166052 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of nanomaterials containing therapeutic agents and various cargos for treating neurological disorders is often constrained by low delivery efficacy due to difficulties in passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles (NPs) administered intranasally can move along olfactory and trigeminal nerves so that they do not need to pass through the BBB, allowing non-invasive, direct access to selective neural pathways within the brain. Hence, intranasal (IN) administration of NPs can effectively deliver drugs and genes into targeted regions of the brain, holding potential for efficacious disease treatment in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, current methods for delivering conjugated NPs to the brain are primarily discussed. Distinctive potential mechanisms of therapeutic nanocomposites delivered via IN pathways to the brain are then discussed. Recent progress in developing functional NPs for applications in multimodal bioimaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics is also reviewed. This review is then concluded by discussing existing challenges, new directions, and future perspectives in IN delivery of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zha
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Angelo H. All
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
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Kaur J, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Devkota HP, Prasher P, Ansari MS, Aba Alkhayl FF, Arshad MF, Morris A, Choonara YE, Adams J, Dua K, Singh SK. Advances in designing of polymeric micelles for biomedical application in brain related diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cheng G, Liu Y, Ma R, Cheng G, Guan Y, Chen X, Wu Z, Chen T. Anti-Parkinsonian Therapy: Strategies for Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier and Nano-Biological Effects of Nanomaterials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:105. [PMID: 35426525 PMCID: PMC9012800 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease that shows a high incidence in older individuals, is becoming increasingly prevalent. Unfortunately, there is no clinical cure for PD, and novel anti-PD drugs are therefore urgently required. However, the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a huge challenge in the development of such drugs. Fortunately, through strategies based on the physiological characteristics of the BBB and other modifications, including enhancement of BBB permeability, nanotechnology can offer a solution to this problem and facilitate drug delivery across the BBB. Although nanomaterials are often used as carriers for PD treatment, their biological activity is ignored. Several studies in recent years have shown that nanomaterials can improve PD symptoms via their own nano-bio effects. In this review, we first summarize the physiological features of the BBB and then discuss the design of appropriate brain-targeted delivery nanoplatforms for PD treatment. Subsequently, we highlight the emerging strategies for crossing the BBB and the development of novel nanomaterials with anti-PD nano-biological effects. Finally, we discuss the current challenges in nanomaterial-based PD treatment and the future trends in this field. Our review emphasizes the clinical value of nanotechnology in PD treatment based on recent patents and could guide researchers working in this area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopan Cheng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Guan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
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Katila N, Duwa R, Bhurtel S, Khanal S, Maharjan S, Jeong JH, Lee S, Choi DY, Yook S. Enhancement of blood–brain barrier penetration and the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol. J Control Release 2022; 346:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Borrajo ML, Alonso MJ. Using nanotechnology to deliver biomolecules from nose to brain - peptides, proteins, monoclonal antibodies and RNA. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:862-880. [PMID: 34731414 PMCID: PMC8888512 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing number of biomolecules, including peptides, proteins, monoclonal antibodies and RNA, that could be potentially used for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the realization of their potential is being hampered by the extraordinary difficulties these complex biomolecules have to reach the brain in therapeutically meaningful amounts. Nose-to-brain (N-to-B) delivery is now being investigated as a potential option for the direct transport of biomolecules from the nasal cavity to different brain areas. Here, we discuss how different technological approaches enhance this N-to-B transport, with emphasis on those that have shown a potential for clinical translation. We also analyse how the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers and their modification with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and targeting ligands affect their efficacy as N-to-B carriers for biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya L Borrajo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Patil D, Nangare S, Patil G, Nerkar K, Patil G. Development of thiolated polyethylene glycol-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) co-polymeric nanoparticles for intranasal delivery of quetiapine: in vitro– ex vivo characterization. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2052728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Sopan Nangare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Gaurav Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Kalpesh Nerkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Ganesh Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
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Salarpour S, Barani M, Pardakhty A, Khatami M, Pal Singh Chauhan N. The application of exosomes and Exosome-nanoparticle in treating brain disorders. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Guido C, Baldari C, Maiorano G, Mastronuzzi A, Carai A, Quintarelli C, De Angelis B, Cortese B, Gigli G, Palamà IE. Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Target Therapy in Pediatric Brain Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010173. [PMID: 35054340 PMCID: PMC8774904 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors represent the most common types of childhood cancer and novel diagnostic and therapeutic solutions are urgently needed. The gold standard treatment option for brain cancers in children, as in adults, is tumor resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy, but with discouraging therapeutic results. In particular, the last two treatments are often associated to significant neurotoxicity in the developing brain of a child, with resulting disabilities such as cognitive problems, neuroendocrine, and neurosensory dysfunctions/deficits. Nanoparticles have been increasingly and thoroughly investigated as they show great promises as diagnostic tools and vectors for gene/drug therapy for pediatric brain cancer due to their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. In this review we will discuss the developments of nanoparticle-based strategies as novel precision nanomedicine tools for diagnosis and therapy in pediatric brain cancers, with a particular focus on targeting strategies to overcome the main physiological obstacles that are represented by blood–brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Guido
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Monteroni Street, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.G.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Clara Baldari
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Monteroni Street, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.G.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gabriele Maiorano
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Monteroni Street, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Haemopoietic Transplant, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department Onco-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.Q.); (B.D.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department Onco-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.Q.); (B.D.A.)
| | - Barbara Cortese
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, c/o La Sapienza University, Piazzale A. Moro, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Monteroni Street, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.G.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Monteroni Street, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Elena Palamà
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Monteroni Street, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Qi N, Zhang S, Zhou X, Duan W, Gao D, Feng J, Li A. Combined integrin α vβ 3 and lactoferrin receptor targeted docetaxel liposomes enhance the brain targeting effect and anti-glioma effect. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:446. [PMID: 34949198 PMCID: PMC8705194 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ3 receptor and Lactoferrin receptor (LfR) are over-expressed in both cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and glioma cells. RGD tripeptide and Lf can specifically bind with integrin αvβ3 receptor and LfR, respectively. In our study, RGD and Lf dual-modified liposomes loaded with docetaxel (DTX) were designed to enhance the brain targeting effect and treatment of glioma. Our in vitro studies have shown that RGD-Lf-LP can significantly enhance the cellular uptake of U87 MG cells and human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) when compared to RGD modified liposomes (RGD-LP) and Lf modified liposomes (Lf-LP). Free RGD and Lf competitively reduced the cellular uptake of RGD-Lf-LP, in particular, free RGD played a main inhibitory effect on cellular uptake of RGD-Lf-LP in U87 MG cells, yet free Lf played a main inhibitory effect on cellular uptake of RGD-Lf-LP in hCMEC/D3 cells. RGD-Lf-LP can also significantly increase penetration of U87 MG tumor spheroids, and RGD modification plays a dominating role on promoting the penetration of U87 MG tumor spheroids. The results of in vitro BBB model were shown that RGD-Lf-LP-C6 obviously increased the transport of hCMEC/D3 cell monolayers, and Lf modification plays a dominating role on increasing the transport of hCMEC/D3 cell monolayers. In vivo imaging proved that RGD-Lf-LP shows stronger targeting effects for brain orthotopic gliomas than that of RGD-LP and Lf-LP. The result of tissue distribution confirmed that RGD-LF-LP-DTX could significantly increase brain targeting after intravenous injection. Furthermore, RGD-LF-LP-DTX (a dose of 5 mg kg−1 DTX) could significantly prolong the survival time of orthotopic glioma-bearing mice. In summary, RGD and LF dual modification are good combination for brain targeting delivery, RGD-Lf-LP-DTX could enhance brain targeting effects, and is thus a promising chemotherapeutic drug delivery system for treatment of glioma. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qi
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shangqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiantai Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Wenjuan Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Duan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
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Garg Y, Kapoor DN, Sharma AK, Bhatia A. Drug Delivery Systems and Strategies to Overcome the Barriers of Brain. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:619-641. [PMID: 34951356 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666211222163025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transport of drugs to the central nervous system is the most challenging task for conventional drug delivery systems. Reduced permeability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier is a major hurdle in delivering drugs to the brain. Hence, various strategies for improving drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier are currently being explored. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer several advantages, including high chemical and biological stability, suitability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and can be administered through different routes. Furthermore, the conjugation of suitable ligands with these carriers tend to potentiate targeting to the endothelium of the brain and could facilitate the internalization of drugs through endocytosis. Further, the intranasal route has also shown potential, as a promising alternate route, for the delivery of drugs to the brain. This can deliver the drugs directly to the brain through the olfactory pathway. In recent years, several advancements have been made to target and overcome the barriers of the brain. This article deals with a detailed overview of the diverse strategies and delivery systems to overcome the barriers of the brain for effective delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, Pin. 151001. India
| | - Deepak N Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Pin. 173229. India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Pin. 173229. India
| | - Amit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, Pin. 151001. India
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Goel H, Kalra V, Verma SK, Dubey SK, Tiwary AK. Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies. J Control Release 2021; 341:782-811. [PMID: 34906605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain, a subtle organ of multifarious nature presents plethora of physiological, metabolic and bio-chemical convolutions that impede the delivery of biomolecules and thereby resulting in truncated therapeutic outcome in pathological conditions of central nervous system (CNS). The absolute bottleneck in the therapeutic management of such devastating CNS ailments is the BBB. Another pitfall is the lack of efficient technological platforms (due to high cost and low approval rates) as well as limited clinical trials (due to failures of neuro‑leads in late-stage pipelines) for CNS disorders which has become a literal brain drain with poorest success rates compared to other therapeutic areas, owing to time consuming processes, tremendous convolutions and conceivable adverse effects. With the advent of intranasal delivery (via direct N2B or indirect nose to blood to brain), several novel drug delivery carriers viz. unmodified or surface modified nanoparticle based carriers, lipid based colloidal nanocarriers and drysolid/liquid/semisolid nanoformulations or delivery platforms have been designed as a means to deliver therapeutic agents (small and large molecules, peptides and proteins, genes) to brain, bypassing BBB for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and CNS malignancies primarily glioblastomas. Intranasal application offers drug delivery through both direct and indirect pathways for the peripherally administered psychopharmacological agents to CNS. This route could also be exploited for the repurposing of conventional drugs for new therapeutic uses. The limited clinical translation of intranasal formulations has been primarily due to existence of barriers of mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity, enzyme degradation and low permeability of the nasal epithelium. The present review literature aims to decipher the new paradigms of nano therapeutic systems employed for specific N2B drug delivery of CNS drugs through in silico complexation studies using rationally chosen mucoadhesive polymers (exhibiting unique physicochemical properties of nanocarrier's i.e. surface modification, prolonging retention time in the nasal cavity, improving penetration ability, and promoting brain specific delivery with biorecognitive ligands) via molecular docking simulations. Further, the review intends to delineate the feats and fallacies associated with N2B delivery approaches by understanding the physiological/anatomical considerations via decoding the intranasal drug delivery pathways or critical factors such as rationale and mechanism of excipients, affecting the permeability of CNS drugs through nasal mucosa as well as better efficacy in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain. Additionally, extensive emphasis has also been laid on the innovative formulations under preclinical investigation along with their assessment by means of in vitro /ex vivo/in vivo N2B models and current characterization techniques predisposing an efficient intranasal delivery of therapeutics. A critical appraisal of novel technologies, intranasal products or medical devices available commercially has also been presented. Finally, it could be warranted that more reminiscent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships or validated computational models are mandated to obtain effective screening of molecular architecture of drug-polymer-mucin complexes for clinical translation of N2B therapeutic systems from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
| | - Vinni Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Abad I, Conesa C, Sánchez L. Development of Encapsulation Strategies and Composite Edible Films to Maintain Lactoferrin Bioactivity: A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237358. [PMID: 34885510 PMCID: PMC8658689 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a whey protein with various and valuable biological activities. For this reason, LF has been used as a supplement in formula milk and functional products. However, it must be considered that the properties of LF can be affected by technological treatments and gastrointestinal conditions. In this article, we have revised the literature published on the research done during the last decades on the development of various technologies, such as encapsulation or composite materials, to protect LF and avoid its degradation. Multiple compounds can be used to conduct this protective function, such as proteins, including those from milk, or polysaccharides, like alginate or chitosan. Furthermore, LF can be used as a component in complexes, nanoparticles, hydrogels and emulsions, to encapsulate, protect and deliver other bioactive compounds, such as essential oils or probiotics. Additionally, LF can be part of systems to deliver drugs or to apply certain therapies to target cells expressing LF receptors. These systems also allow improving the detection of gliomas and have also been used for treating some pathologies, such as different types of tumours. Finally, the application of LF in edible and active films can be effective against some contaminants and limit the increase of the natural microbiota present in meat, for example, becoming one of the most interesting research topics in food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Abad
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.); (C.C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Celia Conesa
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.); (C.C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761-585
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Lee D, Minko T. Nanotherapeutics for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: An Approach to Bypass the Blood Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122049. [PMID: 34959331 PMCID: PMC8704573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or other central nervous system (CNS) disorders has always been a significant challenge. The nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the penetration of therapeutic molecules to the brain after oral or parenteral administration, which, in combination with hepatic metabolism and drug elimination and inactivation during its journey in the systemic circulation, decreases the efficacy of the treatment, requires high drug doses and often induces adverse side effects. Nose-to-brain drug delivery allows the direct transport of therapeutic molecules by bypassing the BBB and increases drug concentration in the brain. The present review describes mechanisms of nose-to-brain drug delivery and discusses recent advances in this area with especial emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-6348
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Ahmad J, Haider N, Khan MA, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Sarim Imam S, Ahmad MZ, Mishra A. Novel therapeutic interventions for combating Parkinson's disease and prospects of Nose-to-Brain drug delivery. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 195:114849. [PMID: 34808125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder prevalent mainly in geriatric population. While, L-DOPA remains one of the major choices for the therapeutic management of PD, various motor and non-motor manifestations complicate the management of PD. In the last two decades, exhaustive research has been carried out to explore novel therapeutic approaches for mitigating motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. These approaches majorly include receptor-based, anti-inflammatory, stem-cell and nucleic acid based. The major limitations of existing therapeutic interventions (of commonly oral route) are low efficacy due to low brain bioavailability and associated side effects. Nanotechnology has been exploited and has gained wide attention in the recent years as an approach for enhancement of bioavailability of various small molecule drugs in the brain. To address the challenges associated with PD therapy, nose-to-brain delivery utilizing nanomedicine-based approaches has been found to be encouraging in published evidence. Therefore, the present work summarises the major challenges and limitations with antiparkinsonian drugs, novel therapeutic interventions, and scope of nanomedicine-based nose-to-brain delivery in addressing the current challenges of antiparkinsonian therapy. The manuscript tries to sensitize the researchers for designing brain-targeted nanomedicine loaded with natural/synthetic scaffolds, biosimilars, and nucleic acids that can bypass the first-pass effect for the effective management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nafis Haider
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup Assam-781101, India.
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Riccardi C, Napolitano F, Montesarchio D, Sampaolo S, Melone MAB. Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1897. [PMID: 34834311 PMCID: PMC8623286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a heterogeneous group of aging-related disorders featured by progressive impairment of motor and/or cognitive functions, often accompanied by psychiatric disorders. NDs are denoted as 'protein misfolding' diseases or proteinopathies, and are classified according to their known genetic mechanisms and/or the main protein involved in disease onset and progression. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are included under this nosographic umbrella, sharing histopathologically salient features, including deposition of insoluble proteins, activation of glial cells, loss of neuronal cells and synaptic connectivity. To date, there are no effective cures or disease-modifying therapies for these NDs. Several compounds have not shown efficacy in clinical trials, since they generally fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that greatly limits the brain internalization of endogenous substances. By engineering materials of a size usually within 1-100 nm, nanotechnology offers an alternative approach for promising and innovative therapeutic solutions in NDs. Nanoparticles can cross the BBB and release active molecules at target sites in the brain, minimizing side effects. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanoengineered delivery systems for brain targeting in the treatment of AD, PD and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Simone Sampaolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA
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Singh A, Maharana SK, Shukla R, Kesharwani P. Nanotherapeutics approaches for targeting alpha synuclien protein in the management of Parkinson disease. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Progress in nasal drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120994. [PMID: 34390810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most of the available drugs are usually administered orally (e.g. in tablets or capsules) or by parenteral injection in the case of substances being destroyed in the gastric environment or not being absorbed. However, this bears disadvantages as many people have trouble swallowing tablets and parenteral injection requires trained personnel and/or a reasonably sterile environment to minimize the possibility of contamination. Thus, as an easy to use alternative nasal drug delivery was developed. Drug delivery systems are used to achieve a reproducible high drug concentration. These systems overcome various disadvantages leading to stabilization of the drug, advanced drug transport, improvement of the physicochemical properties of the drug like water solubility, and increase of drug uptake and bioavailability. In addition, properties such as bad taste or smell of the drug are masked. Nasal drug delivery systems are suitable for use both locally and systemically. In the last five years, the development and progression of nasal drug delivery systems has gained importance due to their numerous advantages. This work gives an overview of the basics, such as structure and function of the nose, as well as a short introduction to local and systemic application of drugs. Furthermore, selected drug delivery systems are explained with examples of active ingredients, as well as additional possibilities to increase nasal drug uptake and factors influencing the absorption.
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Anjum S, Ishaque S, Fatima H, Farooq W, Hano C, Abbasi BH, Anjum I. Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare Systems: Grand Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080707. [PMID: 34451803 PMCID: PMC8401281 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare, as a basic human right, has often become the focus of the development of innovative technologies. Technological progress has significantly contributed to the provision of high-quality, on-time, acceptable, and affordable healthcare. Advancements in nanoscience have led to the emergence of a new generation of nanostructures. Each of them has a unique set of properties that account for their astonishing applications. Since its inception, nanotechnology has continuously affected healthcare and has exerted a tremendous influence on its transformation, contributing to better outcomes. In the last two decades, the world has seen nanotechnology taking steps towards its omnipresence and the process has been accelerated by extensive research in various healthcare sectors. The inclusion of nanotechnology and its allied nanocarriers/nanosystems in medicine is known as nanomedicine, a field that has brought about numerous benefits in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Various nanosystems have been found to be better candidates for theranostic purposes, in contrast to conventional ones. This review paper will shed light on medically significant nanosystems, as well as their applications and limitations in areas such as gene therapy, targeted drug delivery, and in the treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Although nanotechnology holds immense potential, it is yet to be exploited. More efforts need to be directed to overcome these limitations and make full use of its potential in order to revolutionize the healthcare sector in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-300-6957038
| | - Sara Ishaque
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Hijab Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Wajiha Farooq
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAe USC1328, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Iram Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.I.); (H.F.); (W.F.); (I.A.)
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Li YQ, Guo C. A Review on Lactoferrin and Central Nervous System Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071810. [PMID: 34359979 PMCID: PMC8307123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are currently one of the major health issues around the world. Most CNS disorders are characterized by high oxidative stress levels and intense inflammatory responses in affected tissues. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, plays a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator, antitumor immunity, and anti-apoptotic processes. Previous studies have shown that Lf is abnormally expressed in a variety of neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the promotion of neurodevelopment and neuroprotection by Lf has attracted widespread attention, and Lf could be exploited both as an active therapeutic agent and drug nanocarrier. However, our understanding of the roles of Lf proteins in the initiation or progression of CNS diseases is limited, especially the roles of Lf in regulating neurogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the major pharmacological effects of Lf in CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disease, developmental delays in children, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuang Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-8365-6109
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50
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Nose to brain delivery of Rotigotine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Quality by design based optimization and characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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