1
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Bartkowski M, Zhou Y, Nabil Amin Mustafa M, Eustace AJ, Giordani S. CARBON DOTS: Bioimaging and Anticancer Drug Delivery. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303982. [PMID: 38205882 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, responsible for approximately 10 million lives annually, urgently requires innovative treatments, as well as solutions to mitigate the limitations of traditional chemotherapy, such as long-term adverse side effects and multidrug resistance. This review focuses on Carbon Dots (CDs), an emergent class of nanoparticles (NPs) with remarkable physicochemical and biological properties, and their burgeoning applications in bioimaging and as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. The review initiates with an overview of NPs as nanocarriers, followed by an in-depth look into the biological barriers that could affect their distribution, from barriers to administration, to intracellular trafficking. It further explores CDs' synthesis, including both bottom-up and top-down approaches, and their notable biocompatibility, supported by a selection of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies. Special attention is given to CDs' role in bioimaging, highlighting their optical properties. The discussion extends to their emerging significance as drug carriers, particularly in the delivery of doxorubicin and other anticancer agents, underscoring recent advancements and challenges in this field. Finally, we showcase examples of other promising bioapplications of CDs, emergent owing to the NPs flexible design. As research on CDs evolves, we envisage key challenges, as well as the potential of CD-based systems in bioimaging and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bartkowski
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yingru Zhou
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Strickland S, Jorns M, Fourroux L, Heyd L, Pappas D. Cancer Cell Targeting Via Selective Transferrin Receptor Labeling Using Protein-Derived Carbon Dots. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2707-2718. [PMID: 38250381 PMCID: PMC10795060 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dot (CD) nanoparticles offer tremendous advantages as fluorescent probes in bioimaging and biosensing; however, they lack specific affinity for biomolecules, limiting their practical applications in selective targeting. Nanoparticles with intrinsic affinity for a target have applications in imaging, cytometry, therapeutics, etc. Toward that end, we report the transferrin receptor (CD71) targeting CDs, synthesized for the first time. The formation of these particles is truly groundbreaking, as direct tuning of nanoparticle affinity was achieved by simple and careful precursor selection of a protein, which has the targeting characteristic of interest. We hypothesized that the retention of the original protein's peptides on the nanoparticle surface provides the CDs with some of the function of the precursor protein, enabling selective binding to the protein's receptor. This was confirmed with FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) data and subsequent affinity-based cell assays. These transferrin (Tf)-derived CDs have been shown to possess an affinity for CD71, a cancer biomarker that is ubiquitously expressed in nearly every cancer cell line due to its central role mediating the uptake of cellular iron. The CDs were tested using the human leukemia cell line HL60 and demonstrated the selective targeting of CD71 and specific triggering of transferrin-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits. The particle characterization results reflect a carbon-based nanoparticle with bright violet fluorescence and 7.9% quantum yield in aqueous solution. These unpresented CDs proved to retain the functional properties of the precursor protein. Indicating that this process can be repeated for other disease biomarkers for applications ranging from biosensing and diagnostic bioimaging to targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Strickland
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Mychele Jorns
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Luke Fourroux
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Lindsey Heyd
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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3
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Mazahir F, Sharma R, Yadav AK. Bioinspired theranostic quantum dots: Paving the road to a new paradigm for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103822. [PMID: 37949429 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, a complete cure remains lacking for most types of cancer. Nanotechnology-based carriers, such as liposomes, nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, nanoemulsions, and other nanocarriers, can target cancer cells, but their in vivo fate is unpredictable. Bioinspired quantum dots (BQDs) offer enhanced aqueous solubility, exceptionally low toxicity, biocompatibility, easy biofunctionalization, and selective cancer targeting. Due to their photoluminescence, high longitudinal relaxation value, photothermal effect upon laser irradiation, generation of singlet oxygen, and production of H2S for gas therapy, BQDs are excellent cancer theranostic agents. In this review, we highlight the theranostic application of, and existing challenges relating to BQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior 474005, India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India.
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4
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Wang C, Chen L, Tan R, Li Y, Zhao Y, Liao L, Ge Z, Ding C, Xing Z, Zhou P. Carbon dots and composite materials with excellent performances in cancer-targeted bioimaging and killing: a review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [PMID: 37965983 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are nanomaterials with excellent properties, including good biocompatibility, small size, ideal photoluminescence and surface modification, and are becoming one of the most attractive nanomaterials for the imaging, detection and treatment of tumors. Based on these advantages, CDs can be combined other materials to obtain composite particles with improved, even new, performance, mainly in photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This paper reviews the research progress of CDs and their composites in targeted tumor imaging, detection, diagnosis, drug delivery and tumor killing. It also discusses and proposes the challenges and perspectives of their future applications in these fields. This review provides ideas for future applications of novel CD-based materials in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Biological Intelligence Manufacturing of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Rongshuang Tan
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yuchen Li
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lingzi Liao
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhangjie Ge
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Chuanyang Ding
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhankui Xing
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Biological Intelligence Manufacturing of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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5
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Zeng M, Wang Y, Liu M, Wei Y, Wen J, Zhang Y, Chen T, He N, Fan P, Dai X. Potential Efficacy of Herbal Medicine-Derived Carbon Dots in the Treatment of Diseases: From Mechanism to Clinic. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6503-6525. [PMID: 37965279 PMCID: PMC10642355 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s431061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a crucial component of nanomaterials, are zero-dimensional nanomaterials with carbon as the backbone structure and smaller than 10 nm. Due to their beneficial characteristics, they are widely used in biomedical fields such as biosensors, drug delivery, bio-imaging, and interactions with DNA. Interestingly, a novel type of carbon dot, generated by using herbal medicines as synthetic raw materials, has emerged as the most recent incomer in the family of CDs with the extensive growth in the number of materials selected for carbon dots synthesis. Herbal medicine-derived carbon dots (HM-CDs) have been employed in the biomedical industry, and are rapidly emerging as "modern nanomaterials" due to their unique structures and exceptional capabilities. Emerging trends suggest that their specific properties can be used in bleeding disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation-related diseases, and other common intractable diseases including cancer, menopausal syndrome, central nervous system disorders, and pain of various forms and causes. In addition, HM-CDs have been found to have organ-protective and antioxidant properties, as evidenced by extensive studies. This research provides a more comprehensive understanding of the biomedical applications of HM-CDs for the aforementioned disorders and investigates the intrinsic pharmacological activities and mechanisms of these HM-CDs to further advance their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maozhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxun Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongjiang County People’s Hospital, Deyang, 618000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shehong Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shehong, 629600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianyu He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Zhang J, Zou L, Li Q, Wu H, Sun Z, Xu X, Shi L, Sun Z, Ma G. Carbon Dots Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines with Bioactivities: A Rising Star in Clinical Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3984-4001. [PMID: 37707491 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In the field of carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have become a preferable choice in biomedical applications. Based on the concept of green chemistry, CDs derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have attracted extensive attention, including TCM charcoal drugs, TCM extracts, and TCM small molecules. The design and preparation of CDs from TCMs (TCMs-CDs) can improve the inherent characteristics of TCMs, such as solubility, particle size distribution, and so on. Compared with other precursor materials, TCMs-CDs have outstanding intrinsic bioactivities and potential pharmacological effects. However, the research of TCMs-CDs in biomedicine is not comprehensive, and their mechanisms have not been understood deeply either. In this review, we will provide concise insights into the recent development of TCMs-CDs, with a major focus on their preparation, formation, precursors, and bioactivities. Then we will discuss the perfect transformation from TCMs to TCMs-CDs. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for the application of TCMs-CDs in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linjun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhonghao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Leiling Shi
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Zhaocui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Green Carbon Dots: Applications in Development of Electrochemical Sensors, Assessment of Toxicity as Well as Anticancer Properties. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots are one of the most promising nanomaterials which exhibit a wide range of applications in the field of bioimaging, sensing and biomedicine due to their ultra-small size, high photostability, tunable fluorescence, electrical properties, etc. However, green carbon dots synthesized from several natural and renewable sources show some additional advantages, such as favorable biocompatibility, wide sources, low cost of production and ecofriendly nature. In this review, we will provide an update on the latest research of green carbon dots regarding their applications in cancer therapy and in the development of electrochemical sensors. Besides, the toxicity assessment of carbon dots as well as the challenges and future direction of research on their anticancer and sensing applications will be discussed.
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8
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Ahmad MA, Aung YY, Widati AA, Sakti SCW, Sumarsih S, Irzaman I, Yuliarto B, Chang JY, Fahmi MZ. A Perspective on Using Organic Molecules Composing Carbon Dots for Cancer Treatment. Nanotheranostics 2023; 7:187-201. [PMID: 36793348 PMCID: PMC9925355 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.80076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent Carbon dots (CDs) derived from biologically active sources have shown enhanced activities compared to their precursors. With their prominent potentiality, these small-sized (<10nm) nanomaterials could be easily synthesized from organic sources either by bottom-up or green approach. Their sources could influence the functional groups present on the CDs surfaces. A crude source of organic molecules has been used to develop fluorescent CDs. In addition, pure organic molecules were also valuable in developing practical CDs. Physiologically responsive interaction of CDs with various cellular receptors is possible due to the robust functionalization on their surface. In this review, we studied various literatures from the past ten years that reported the potential application of carbon dots as alternatives in cancer chemotherapy. The selective cytotoxic nature of some of the CDs towards cancer cell lines suggests the role of surface functional groups towards selective interaction, which results in over-expressed proteins characteristic of cancer cell lines. It could be inferred that cheaply sourced CDs could selectively bind to overexpressed proteins in cancer cells with the ultimate effect of cell death induced by apoptosis. In most cases, CDs-induced apoptosis directly or indirectly follows the mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, these nanosized CDs could serve as alternatives to the current kinds of cancer treatments that are expensive and have numerous side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musbahu Adam Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Yu Aung
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Alfa Akustia Widati
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supramodification Nano-micro Engineering (SPANENG) research group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Satya Candra Wibawa Sakti
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supramodification Nano-micro Engineering (SPANENG) research group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Sumarsih
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Irzaman Irzaman
- Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University of Indonesia, Bogor16680, Indonesia
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung40132, Indonesia
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mochamad Zakki Fahmi
- Department of Chemistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supramodification Nano-micro Engineering (SPANENG) research group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Hou Y, Zhang R, Cheng H, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Wang L, Li R, Wu X, Li B. Mg2+-doped carbon dots synthesized based on Lycium ruthenicum in cell imaging and promoting osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Alam MB, Minocha T, Yadav SK, Parmar AS. Therapeutic Potential of Chlorophyll Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots against Cervical Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Bayazeed Alam
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Tarun Minocha
- Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Sanjeev K. Yadav
- Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 India
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11
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Guo F, Li Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Jiang J, Cheng S, Yu S, Zhang X, Liu F, Li Y, Rose G, Zhang H. Applications of Carbon Dots for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6621-6638. [PMID: 36582459 PMCID: PMC9793737 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s388030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently approximately 50 million victims of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide. The exact cause of the disease is unknown at this time, but amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are hallmarks of the disease. Current drug treatments for AD may slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients, but they are often only minimally effective and are not cures. A major obstacle to developing and delivering more effective drug therapies is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents many compounds with therapeutic potential from reaching the central nervous system. Nanotechnology may provide a solution to this problem. Among the medical nanomaterials currently being studied, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted widespread attention because of their ability to cross the BBB, non-toxicity, and potential for drug/gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingman Li
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Liu
- Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, 570208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Scientific Experiment Center of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghuai Cheng
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Yu
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingfang Zhang
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Laboratory Department, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 353006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiying Li
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gregory Rose
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA,Correspondence: Gregory Rose, Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA, Tel +1 618-303-6503, Email
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China,Haiying Zhang, Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13907533247, Email
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12
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Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon dots from Crataegi Fructus for pH sensing, cell imaging and hemostatic effects. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Recent Advances in Nanomaterials of Group XIV Elements of Periodic Table in Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122640. [PMID: 36559135 PMCID: PMC9781757 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. The elements of group XIV in the periodic table exhibit a wide range of chemical manners. Recently, there have been remarkable developments in the field of nanobiomedical research, especially in the application of engineered nanomaterials in biomedical applications. In this review, we concentrate on the recent investigations on the antiproliferative effects of nanomaterials of the elements of group XIV in the periodic table on breast cancer cells. In this review, the data available on nanomaterials of group XIV for breast cancer treatment has been documented, providing a useful insight into tumor biology and nano-bio interactions to develop more effective nanotherapeutics for cancer patients.
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14
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wu T, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Kong H, Zhao Y, Qu H. Protective Effects of Zingiberis Carbonisata-Based Carbon Dots on Diabetic Liver Injury in Mice. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To explain the active components of ZRC-CDs from the perspective of nanomaterials and investigate the potential mechanism for the treatment of diabetic liver injury, the structure, electron transfer properties, and elemental composition of ZRC-CDs were characterized. The protective
effects of ZRC-CDs on the diabetic liver injury were demonstrated using the Alloxan-induced diabetic model. The ZRC-CDs are spherical, with a diameter ranging from 1.0–4.5 nm and a yield of 0.56%. The results showed that ZRC-CDs decreased the levels of blood glucose in diabetic mice
and had a mitigating effect on elevated ALT and AST. More studies found that ZRC-CDs were able to decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines and suppress the protein expression in related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Cai J, Huang K, Han S, Chen R, Li Z, Chen Y, Chen B, Li S, Xinhua L, Yao H. A comprehensive system review of pharmacological effects and relative mechanisms of Ginsenoside Re: Recent advances and future perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154119. [PMID: 35617888 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenoside Re (Re) belongs to protopanaxatriol saponins and exists in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, and other plants in the Araliaceae family. Re has recently become a research focus owing to its pharmacological activities and benefits to human bodies. PURPOSE To summarize recent findings regarding the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Re and highlight and predict the potential therapeutic effects and systematic mechanism of Re. METHODS Recent studies (2011-2021) on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Re were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase up to December 2021 using relevant keywords. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis were used to predict the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Re against potential diseases. RESULTS Re presented a wide range of therapeutic and biological activities, including neuroprotective, cardiovascular, antidepressant, antitumorigenic, and others effects. The related pharmacological mechanisms of Re include the regulation of cholinergic and antioxidant systems in the brain; the induction of tumor cell apoptosis; the inhibition of tau protein hyperphosphorylation and oxidative stress; the activation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK signals; the improvement of lipid metabolism; and the reduction of endothelial cell dysfunction. CONCLUSION This paper summarizes comprehensively the current research progress of Re and provides new research insights into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Re against potential diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Kunlong Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Shengnan Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ruichan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Center of Chemistry Experiment, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Lin Xinhua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Naik K, Chaudhary S, Ye L, Parmar AS. A Strategic Review on Carbon Quantum Dots for Cancer-Diagnostics and Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882100. [PMID: 35662840 PMCID: PMC9158127 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the genesis of life-threatening cancer and its invasion calls for urgent development of novel technologies for real-time observations, early diagnosis, and treatment. Quantum dots (QDs) grabbed the spotlight in oncology owing to their excellent photostability, bright fluorescence, high biocompatibility, good electrical and chemical stability with minimum invasiveness. Recently, carbon QDs (CQDs) have become popular over toxic inorganic QDs in the area of bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. Further, CQDs derived from natural sources like biomolecules and medicinal plants have drawn attention because of their one-pot, low-cost and ease of synthesis, along with remarkable tunable optical properties and biocompatibility. This review introduces the synthesis and properties of CQDs derived from natural sources, focusing on the applicability of CQD-based technologies as nano-theranostics for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Furthermore, the current issues and future directions for the transformation of CQDs-based nanotechnologies to clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Naik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to Be University), Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Shilpi Chaudhary, ; Avanish Singh Parmar,
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure & Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
- Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Shilpi Chaudhary, ; Avanish Singh Parmar,
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17
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Malavika JP, Shobana C, Sundarraj S, Ganeshbabu M, Kumar P, Selvan RK. Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon quantum dots: An approach in cancer theranostics. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212756. [PMID: 35929302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained significant growing attention in the recent past due to their peculiar characteristics including smaller size, high surface area, photoluminescence, chemical stability, facile synthesis and functionalization possibilities. They are carbon nanostructures having less than 10 nm size with fluorescent properties. In recent years, the scientific community is curiously adopting biomass precursors for the preparation of CQDs over the chemical compounds. These biomass sources are sustainable, eco-friendly, inexpensive, widely available and convert waste into valuable materials. Hence in our work the fundamental understating of diverse fabrication methodologies of CQDs, and the types of raw materials employed in recent times, are all examined and correlated comprehensively. Their unique combination of remarkable properties, together with the ease with which they can be fabricated, makes CQDs as promising materials for applications in diverse biomedical fields, in particular for bio-imaging, targeted drug delivery and phototherapy for cancer treatment. The mechanism for luminescence is of considerable significance for leading the synthesis of CQDs with tunable fluorescence emission. Therefore, it is aimed to explore and provide an updated review on (i) the recent progress on the different synthesis methods of biomass-derived CQDs, (ii) the contribution of surface states or functional groups on the luminescence origin and (iii) its potential application for cancer theranostics, concentrating on their fluorescence properties. Finally, we explored the challenges in modification for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass derivatives and the future scope of CQDs in phototherapy for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaja Prasad Malavika
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj
- Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi - 626 124, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mariappan Ganeshbabu
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Phan LMT, Cho S. Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Supported Imaging-Based Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Review. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9303703. [PMID: 35440939 PMCID: PMC9013550 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9303703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) provide distinctive advantages of strong fluorescence, good photostability, high water solubility, and outstanding biocompatibility, and thus are widely exploited as potential imaging agents for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Imaging is absolutely necessary when discovering the structure and function of cells, detecting biomarkers in diagnosis, tracking the progress of ongoing disease, treating various tumors, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy, making it an important approach in modern biomedicine. Numerous investigations of CDs have been intensively studied for utilization in bioimaging-supported medical sciences. However, there is still no article highlighting the potential importance of CD-based bioimaging to support various biomedical applications. Herein, we summarize the development of CDs as fluorescence (FL) nanoprobes with different FL colors for potential bioimaging-based applications in living cells, tissue, and organisms, including the bioimaging of various cell types and targets, bioimaging-supported sensing of metal ions and biomolecules, and FL imaging-guided tumor therapy. Current CD-based microscopic techniques and their advantages are also highlighted. This review discusses the significance of advanced CD-supported imaging-based in vitro and in vivo investigations, suggests the potential of CD-based imaging for biomedicine, and encourages the effective selection and development of superior probes and platforms for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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19
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Gao XY, Liu GC, Zhang JX, Wang LH, Xu C, Yan ZA, Wang A, Su YF, Lee JJ, Piao GC, Yuan HD. Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:754191. [PMID: 35462899 PMCID: PMC9019721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.754191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Re is a protopanaxatriol-type saponin extracted from the berry, leaf, stem, flower bud, and root of Panax ginseng. In recent years, ginsenoside Re (Re) has been attracting attention as a dietary phytochemical. In this review, studies on Re were compiled by searching a combination of keywords, namely “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “toxicology,” in the Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The aim of this review was to provide an exhaustive overview of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of Re, focusing on clinical evidence that has shown effectiveness in specific diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nervous system diseases, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Re is also known to eliminate virus, enhance the immune response, improve osteoporosis, improve skin barrier function, enhance intracellular anti-oxidant actions, regulate cholesterol metabolism, alleviate allergic responses, increase sperm motility, reduce erectile dysfunction, promote cyclic growth of hair follicles, and reduce gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. Furthermore, this review provides data on pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicological factors to examine the safety profile of Re. Such data will provide a theoretical basis and reference for Re-related studies and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | | | | | - Ling-He Wang
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Zi-An Yan
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Ao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Yi-Fei Su
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Jung-Joon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Chun Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Guang-Chun Piao, ; Hai-Dan Yuan,
| | - Hai-Dan Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Guang-Chun Piao, ; Hai-Dan Yuan,
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20
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Giroux M, Zahra Z, Salawu OA, Burgess RM, Ho KT, Adeleye AS. Assessing the Environmental Effects Related to Quantum Dot Structure, Function, Synthesis and Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2022; 9:867-910. [PMID: 35401985 PMCID: PMC8992011 DOI: 10.1039/d1en00712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are engineered semiconductor nanocrystals with unique fluorescent, quantum confinement, and quantum yield properties, making them valuable in a range of commercial and consumer imaging, display, and lighting technologies. Production and usage of QDs are increasing, which increases the probability of these nanoparticles entering the environment at various phases of their life cycle. This review discusses the major types and applications of QDs, their potential environmental exposures, fates, and adverse effects on organisms. For most applications, release to the environment is mainly expected to occur during QD synthesis and end-product manufacturing since encapsulation of QDs in these devices prevents release during normal use or landfilling. In natural waters, the fate of QDs is controlled by water chemistry, light intensity, and the physicochemical properties of QDs. Research on the adverse effects of QDs primarily focuses on sublethal endpoints rather than acute toxicity, and the differences in toxicity between pristine and weathered nanoparticles are highlighted. A proposed oxidative stress adverse outcome pathway framework demonstrates the similarities among metallic and carbon-based QDs that induce reactive oxygen species formation leading to DNA damage, reduced growth, and impaired reproduction in several organisms. To accurately evaluate environmental risk, this review identifies critical data gaps in QD exposure and ecological effects, and provides recommendations for future research. Future QD regulation should emphasize exposure and sublethal effects of metal ions released as the nanoparticles weather under environmental conditions. To date, human exposure to QDs from the environment and resulting adverse effects has not been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Giroux
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Zahra Zahra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Omobayo A. Salawu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kay T Ho
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Adeyemi S. Adeleye (; Phone: (949) 824-5819)
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21
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Synthesis of green carbon dots as bioimaging agent and drug delivery system for enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Zhang ML, Liu YH, Qu HH. Protective Effect of Nanoparticles from Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid (TNBS)-Induced Colitis in Rats. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:422-434. [PMID: 35484755 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the protective effects of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata-derived nanoparticles (PCC-NPs) against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Methods: This study developed and characterized novel PCC-NPs synthesized by a green and simple pyrolysis process using Platycladi Cacumen (PC) as the sole precursor. The UC model prepared with rectal instillation of TNBS was used to evaluate the potential efficacy of PCC-NPs, and the underlying mechanisms were preliminarily explored from the perspective of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress for the first time. Results: PCC-NPs exhibited low cytotoxicity, good dispersibility and copious surface functional groups. Nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 40-60 nm mainly manifested a therapeutic effect by downregulating tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and upregulating interleukin-10 (IL-10). In addition, PCC-NPs relieved colon injury by inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, limiting the release of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Conclusion: Green synthetic PCC-NPs is a potential candidate as a complementary drug for intestinal inflammation of inflammatory bowel disease, and its regulatory mechanisms may be to balance the levels of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines and improve resistance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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23
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Yang F, Yang MY, Le JQ, Luo BY, Yin MD, Chao-Li, Jiang JL, Fang YF, Shao JW. Protective Effects and Therapeutics of Ginsenosides for Improving Endothelial Dysfunction: From Therapeutic Potentials, Pharmaceutical Developments to Clinical Trials. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:749-772. [PMID: 35450513 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium covers the internal lumen of the entire circulatory system and plays an important modulatory role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelium dysfunction, characterized by a vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory, and pro-coagulant state, usually manifests as a significant pathological process of vascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis (AS), stroke, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to seek promising therapeutic drugs or remedies to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction-induced vascular ailments and complications. Recently, much attention has been attached to ginsenosides, the most significant active components of ginseng, which have always been referred to as "all-healing" and widely used for its extensively medicinal value. Surprisingly, ginsenosides have diverse biological activity which might be related to inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. In this review, a brief introduction about endothelial dysfunction and ginsenosides was demonstrated, and the emphasis was put on summarizing multi-faceted pharmacological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on the endothelium, including vasorelaxation, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and angio-modulation. Beyond that, nanotechnology to improve efficacy and the existing clinical trials of ginsenosides were concluded. Hopefully, our work will give suggestions for promoting clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine, e.g., hypertension, AS, diabetes, ischemic stroke, and cancer. This review provides a comprehensive base of knowledge for ginsenosides to prevention and treatment of vascular injury- related diseases with clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ming-Yue Yang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jing-Qing Le
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Bang-Yue Luo
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Meng-Die Yin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Chao-Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jia-Li Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yi-Fan Fang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jing-Wei Shao
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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24
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Tejwan N, Sharma A, Thakur S, Das J. Green synthesis of a novel carbon dots from red Korean ginseng and its application for Fe2+ sensing and preparation of nanocatalyst. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Cai R, Xiao L, Liu M, Du F, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Functional Carbon Quantum Dots for Antitumour. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7195-7229. [PMID: 34720582 PMCID: PMC8550800 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of quasi-zero-dimensional photoluminescent nanomaterials with particle sizes less than 10 nm. Owing to their favourable water dispersion, strong chemical inertia, stable optical performance, and good biocompatibility, CQDs have become prominent in biomedical fields. CQDs can be fabricated by “top-down” and “bottom-up” methods, both of which involve oxidation, carbonization, pyrolysis and polymerization. The functions of CQDs include biological imaging, biosensing, drug delivery, gene carrying, antimicrobial performance, photothermal ablation and so on, which enable them to be utilized in antitumour applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of CQDs in antitumour applications from preparation and characterization to application prospects. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of CQDs are discussed along with future perspectives for precise individual therapy of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Du
- School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Zheng Y, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Peng C, Shi S. Ginsenosides emerging as both bifunctional drugs and nanocarriers for enhanced antitumor therapies. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:322. [PMID: 34654430 PMCID: PMC8518152 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the main components isolated from Panax ginseng, can play a therapeutic role by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and reducing proliferation, invasion, metastasis; by enhancing immune regulation; and by reversing tumor cell multidrug resistance. However, clinical applications have been limited because of ginsenosides' physical and chemical properties such as low solubility and poor stability, as well as their short half-life, easy elimination, degradation, and other pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. In recent years, developing a ginsenoside delivery system for bifunctional drugs or carriers has attracted much attention from researchers. To create a precise treatment strategy for cancer, a variety of nano delivery systems and preparation technologies based on ginsenosides have been conducted (e.g., polymer nanoparticles [NPs], liposomes, micelles, microemulsions, protein NPs, metals and inorganic NPs, biomimetic NPs). It is desirable to design a targeted delivery system to achieve antitumor efficacy that can not only cross various barriers but also can enhance immune regulation, eventually converting to a clinical application. Therefore, this review focused on the latest research about delivery systems encapsulated or modified with ginsenosides, and unification of medicines and excipients based on ginsenosides for improving drug bioavailability and targeting ability. In addition, challenges and new treatment methods were discussed to support the development of these new tumor therapeutic agents for use in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Bayda S, Amadio E, Cailotto S, Frión-Herrera Y, Perosa A, Rizzolio F. Carbon dots for cancer nanomedicine: a bright future. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5183-5221. [PMID: 36132627 PMCID: PMC9419712 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world. Early diagnosis and effective cancer therapies are required to treat this pathology. Traditional therapeutic approaches are limited by lack of specificity and systemic toxicity. In this scenario, nanomaterials could overcome many limitations of conventional approaches by reducing side effects, increasing tumor accumulation and improving the efficacy of drugs. In the past few decades, carbon nanomaterials (i.e., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots) have attracted significant attention of researchers in various scientific fields including biomedicine due to their unique physical/chemical properties and biological compatibility and are among the most promising materials that have already changed and will keep changing human life. Recently, because of their functionalization and stability, carbon nanomaterials have been explored as a novel tool for the delivery of therapeutic cancer drugs. In this review, we present an overview of the development of carbon dot nanomaterials in the nanomedicine field by focusing on their synthesis, and structural and optical properties as well as their imaging, therapy and cargo delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Bayda
- Faculty of Sciences, Jinan University Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Emanuele Amadio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Simone Cailotto
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Yahima Frión-Herrera
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Alvise Perosa
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute 33081 Aviano Italy
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Malavika JP, Shobana C, Ragupathi M, Kumar P, Lee YS, Govarthanan M, Selvan RK. A sustainable green synthesis of functionalized biocompatible carbon quantum dots from Aloe barbadensis Miller and its multifunctional applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111414. [PMID: 34052245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrated a sustainable green approach for the preparation of fluorescent biocompatible carbon quantum dots by microwave-assisted reflux synthesis from Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) extract. The Transmission Electron Microscopic images reveal that the as-prepared CQDs are spherical with less than 5 nm in size. The CQDs are amorphous, showed an excitation-independent behaviour, emitted blue fluorescence and have a fluorescence quantum yield of 31%. The presence of -OH groups contributed to the blue emission and helped CQDs to disperse uniformly in an aqueous solution. The prepared CQDs were employed as a photocatalyst for the environmental remediation to degrade the anionic dye, eosin yellow under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the CQDs exhibited excellent photocatalytic efficiency of 98.55% within 80 min and a 100% efficiency within 100 min. Further, the cytotoxic properties of as-prepared CQDs are investigated in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using MTT assay. The results demonstrated a notable reduction in cell viability in a dose-subjected manner, and the cell viability decreased to 50% (IC50) at a concentration of 52.2 ± 1.35 μg/mL. Furthermore, cellular internalization of CQDs in breast cancer cells is studied. As expected, CQDs are found to internalize by the cancer cells with blue emission as revealed by fluorescence microscope. In the end, CQDs in human breast cancer cells demonstrate the anti-proliferative effect and are found to be an impressive fluorescent probe for live-cell imaging, paving a path for its potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaja Prasad Malavika
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore, 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore, 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Murugesan Ragupathi
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, India
| | - Yun Sung Lee
- Faculty of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Zheng Q, Qiu Z, Sun Z, Cao L, Li F, Liu D, Wu D. In Vitro Validation of Network Pharmacology Predictions: Ginsenoside Rg3 Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation via SIRT2. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211004826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activity of ginsenoside Rg3 (Gs-Rg3) in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Relevant databases were searched to identify protein targets that were both dysregulated and implicated in HCC, as well as targeted by Gs-Rg3. Generation of a protein-protein interaction network facilitated the selection of connected nodes for the construction of a shared disease- and drug-target interaction network model, and topological analysis identified the most highly connected nodes. Targets were annotated with their associated Gene Ontology terms, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes biological pathway enrichment analysis. In vitro experiments using 2 hours CC cell lines (Bel-7402 and HCCLM3) were performed to investigate the impact of Gs-Rg3 on cell proliferation, viability, cell cycle, cyclin D1 and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) levels, and global cellular histone acetylation (specifically H3K18ac and H4K16ac). Results Network pharmacology suggested that Gs-Rg3 synergistically targets multiple proteins and pathways relevant to HCC pathogenesis, including those involved in cell cycle and proliferation. In vitro experiments confirmed that Gs-Rg3 dose-dependently inhibits cell proliferation and viability; induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest; decreases cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and SIRT2 levels; and enhances global H3K18ac and H4K16ac. Conclusions Hypotheses derived from the network analysis were confirmed in vitro. Gs-Rg3 induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest, concomitant with decreased cyclin D1 and CDK2 levels, suggesting a possible mechanism for inhibiting proliferation. In addition, Gs-Rg3 decreases SIRT2 levels, concomitant with enhanced global H3K18ac and H4K16ac. These findings provide a theoretical basis and a support for further preclinical study of the safety and antineoplastic molecular mechanisms of Gs-Rg3, with the goal of eventual clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lingling Cao
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Hu J, Luo J, Zhang M, Wu J, Zhang Y, Kong H, Qu H, Cheng G, Zhao Y. Protective Effects of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis Carbonisata-Based Carbon Dots Against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Ulcer in Rats: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2461-2475. [PMID: 33814910 PMCID: PMC8009542 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s289515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effects of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis carbonisata-based carbon dots (RSFC-CDs) on an ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer rat model. METHODS The structure, optical properties, functional groups and elemental composition of RSFC-CDs synthesized by one-step pyrolysis were characterized. The gastric protective effects of RSFC-CDs were evaluated and confirmed by applying a rat model of ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcers. The underlying mechanisms were investigated through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway and oxidative stress. RESULTS RSFC-CDs with a diameter ranging from 2-3 nm mainly showed gastric protective effects by reducing the levels of NF-κB, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to inhibit ethanol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION RSFC-CDs have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, making them promising for application in ethanol-induced gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiashu Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, 276000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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31
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He M, Wang N, Zheng W, Cai X, Qi D, Zhang Y, Han C. Ameliorative effects of ginsenosides on myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113581. [PMID: 33189841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and ethnopharmacological relevance: As the major side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, myelosuppression usually leads to anemia, hemorrhage, immunosuppression, and even fatal infections, which may discontinue the process of cancer treatment. As a result, more and more attention is paid to the treatment of myelosuppression. Ginseng, root of Panax ginseng Meyer (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), is considered as the king of herbs in the Orient, particularly in China, Korea and Japan. Ginsenosides, the most important active ingredients of ginseng, have been shown to have a variety of therapeutic effects, such as neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties. Considering that ginsenosides are closely associated with the pathogenesis of myelosuppression, researchers have carried out a few experiments on ginsenosides to attenuate myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in recent years. AIM OF THE STUDY To summarize previous studies about the effects of ginsenosides on alleviating myelosuppression and the mechanisms of action. METHODS Literatures in this review were searched in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. RESULTS Ginsenosides play an important role in relieving myelosuppression predominantly by restoring hematopoiesis and immunity. CONCLUSION Ginsenosides might be potential candidates for the treatment of myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao He
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Na Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Wenxiu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, PR China.
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, PR China.
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Naik GG, Shah J, Balasubramaniam AK, Sahu AN. Applications of natural product-derived carbon dots in cancer biology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:587-608. [PMID: 33660530 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have contributed conspicuously to the development of innovative nanomedicines. Hence, the interface between nanomaterial science and plant natural products may bestow comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for tackling diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. Natural product-derived carbon dots (NPdCDs) have revealed noteworthy attributes in the fields of cancer theranostics, microbial imaging, drug sensing and drug delivery. As plants consist of a cocktail of bioactive phytomolecules, the NPdCDs can be anticipated to have medicinal properties, biocompatibility, photo-stability and easy functionalization. NPdCDs have wide-ranging applications. The primary objective of this review is to comment on recent developments in the use of NPdCDs, with special reference to their application in cancer biology. The future of the use of NPdCDs has also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gopal Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jainam Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Alakh N Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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33
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Ren W, Nan F, Li S, Yang S, Ge J, Zhao Z. Red Emissive Carbon Dots Prepared from Polymers as an Efficient Nanocarrier for Coptisine Delivery in vivo and in vitro. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:646-653. [PMID: 32959534 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Negatively charged fluorescent carbon dots (CDs, Em =608 nm) were hydrothermally prepared from thiophene phenylpropionic acid polymers and then successfully loaded with the positively charged anticancer cargo coptisine, which suffers from poor bioavailability. The formed CD-coptisine complexes were thoroughly characterized by particle size, morphology, drug loading efficiency, drug release, cellular uptake and cellular toxicity in vitro and antitumor activities in vivo. In this nano-carrier system, red emissive CDs possess multiple advantages as follows: 1) high drug loading efficiency (>96 %); 2) sustained drug release; 3) enhanced drug efficacy towards cancer cells; 4) EPR effect; 5) drug release tracing with near-infrared imaging. These properties indicated that red emissive CDs prepared from polymers could be used as a novel drug delivery system with integrated therapeutic and imaging functions in cancer therapy, which are expected to have great potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fuchun Nan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shumu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiechao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Şimşek S, Şüküroğlu AA, Yetkin D, Özbek B, Battal D, Genç R. DNA-damage and cell cycle arrest initiated anti-cancer potency of super tiny carbon dots on MCF7 cell line. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13880. [PMID: 32807820 PMCID: PMC7431908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While carbon-based materials have spearheaded numerous breakthroughs in biomedicine, they also have procreated many logical concerns on their overall toxicity. Carbon dots (CDs) as a respectively new member have been extensively explored in nucleus directed delivery and bioimaging due to their intrinsic fluorescence properties coupled with their small size and surface properties. Although various in vitro/in vivo studies have shown that CDs are mostly biocompatible, sufficient information is lacking regarding genotoxicity of them and underlying mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the real-time cytotoxicity of super tiny CDs (2.05 ± 0.22 nm) on human breast cancer cells (MCF7) and human primary dermal fibroblast cell cultures (HDFa) by xCELLigence analysis system for further evaluating their genotoxicity and clastogenicity to evaluate the anti-tumor potential of CDs on breast adenocarcinoma. As combined with flow cytometry studies, comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay suggest that the CDs can penetrate to the cell nuclei, interact with the genetic material, and explode DNA damage and G0/G1 phase arrest in cancer cells even at very low concentrations (0.025 ppm) which provide a strong foundation for the design of potentially promising CD-based functional nanomaterials for DNA-damage induced treatment in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Şimşek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Aktaş Şüküroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Yetkin
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belma Özbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Battal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169, Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Rükan Genç
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, 33343, Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey.
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35
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Ratan ZA, Haidere MF, Hong YH, Park SH, Lee JO, Lee J, Cho JY. Pharmacological potential of ginseng and its major component ginsenosides. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:199-210. [PMID: 33841000 PMCID: PMC8020288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used as a traditional herb in Asian countries for thousands of years. It contains a large number of active ingredients including steroidal saponins, protopanaxadiols, and protopanaxatriols, collectively known as ginsenosides. In the last few decades, the antioxidative and anticancer effects of ginseng, in addition to its effects on improving immunity, energy and sexuality, and combating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurological diseases, have been studied in both basic and clinical research. Ginseng could be a valuable resource for future drug development; however, further higher quality evidence is required. Moreover, ginseng may have drug interactions although the available evidence suggests it is a relatively safe product. This article reviews the bioactive compounds, global distribution, and therapeutic potential of plants in the genus Panax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Faisal Haidere
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oog Lee
- Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao X, Qi T, Yang M, Zhang W, Kong C, Hao M, Wang Y, Zhang H, Yang B, Yang J, Jiang J. Synthesis of dual functional procaine-derived carbon dots for bioimaging and anticancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:677-689. [PMID: 32122238 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Procaine-derived carbon dots, termed P-dots, expectedly offer both fluorescent biomarker function and anticancer activity. Materials & methods: P-dots were synthesized by condensing procaine, citric acid and ethylenediamine via hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cellular uptake behavior and the bioimaging performance of P-dots were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Their antitumor activity was evaluated using the CCK-8 assays and in vivo antitumor experiments, and the underlying mechanism was evaluated by flow cytometry and western blotting. Results: P-dots exhibited excellent luminescence properties suitable for bioimaging and considerable anticancer activity associated with caspase-3-related cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The synthesized procaine-derived carbon dots presented a dual function consisting of bioimaging and anticancer activity, which may enable their implementation as safe and effective clinical nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Tianyang Qi
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Mingxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Chenfei Kong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Miao Hao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Kong H, Wang S, Cheng J, Qu H, Zhao Y. Novel Carbon Dots Derived from Puerariae lobatae Radix and Their Anti-Gout Effects. Molecules 2019; 24:E4152. [PMID: 31744056 PMCID: PMC6891613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is a disease with a high incidence and causing great harm, and the current treatment drugs are not satisfactory. In this study, novel water-soluble carbon dots (CDs) with anti-gout effect, named Puerariae lobatae Radix CDs (PLR-CDs), are reported. PLR-CDs were synthesized with an improved pyrolysis method at 300 °C, and their characterization was performed with multifaceted approaches, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, the biocompatibility of PLR-CDs was studied using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 in LO2 cells and RAW264.7 cells, and the anti-gout activity of PLR-CDs was examined on animal models of hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis. The characterization of PLR-CDs indicated that they were nearly spherical, with diameters ranging from 3.0 to 10.0 nm, and the lattice spacing was 0.283 nm. The toxicity experiment revealed that PLR-CDs were non-poisonous for LO2 cells and RAW264.7 cells at concentrations below 250 μg/mL. The results of pharmacodynamic experiments showed that PLR-CDs could lower the blood uric acid level in model rats by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase and reduce the degree of swelling and pathological damage of gouty arthritis. Thus, PLR-CDs with anti-gout biological activity and good biocompatibility have the prospect of clinical application for the treatment of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China;
| | - Meiling Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Suna Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China;
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
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Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) is the newest member of carbon-based nanomaterials and one of the most promising for the development of new, advanced applications. Owing to their unique and unparalleled physicochemical and photoluminescent properties, they are considered to be a rising star among nanomaterials. During the last decade, many applications have been developed based on CNDs. Among others, they have been used as bioimaging agents to label cells and tissues. In this review, we will discuss the advancements in the applications of CNDs in in the field of imaging, in all types of organisms (i.e., prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and animals). Selective imaging of one type of cells over another, imaging of (bio)molecules inside cells and tumor-targeting imaging are some of the studies that will be discussed hereafter. We hope that this review will assist researchers with obtaining a holistic view of the developed applications and hit on new ideas so that more advanced applications can be developed in the near future.
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Blue light-emitting carbon dots (CDs) from a milk protein and their interaction with Spinacia oleracea leaf cells. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-019-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Simultaneous Evaluation of the Influence of Panax ginseng on the Pharmacokinetics of Three Diester Alkaloids after Oral Administration of Aconiti Lateralis Radix in Rats Using UHPLC/QQQ-MS/MS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6527549. [PMID: 30622607 PMCID: PMC6304572 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6527549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) could affect the metabolism of Diester Alkaloids (DAs) derived from Aconiti Lateralis Radix in vivo. Methods and Results 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized for 7-day treatment with P. ginseng (low, middle, and high), or vehicle. Aconiti Lateralis Radix was administered orally to each group on the 8th day. Plasma samples were collected, and Xevo TQ-S was used to detect the concentration of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in plasma. We describe a fast and reproducible method to detect the concentration of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in plasma. Compared to the control group, the AUC(0-t) of three DAs increased in both the middle and high dosing groups. The Vz/F of three DAs in these groups as well as the CLz/F of aconitine in all P. ginseng groups and the CLz/F of mesaconitine and hypaconitine in P. ginseng middle and high groups were decreased compared to the control group. Conclusion Orally administrated P. ginseng potentially inhibits the metabolism of DAs from Aconiti Lateralis Radix in rats.
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