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Cantarelli L, Gutiérrez Valencia M, Leache Alegria L, Sainz Fernandez LC, Erviti Lopez J, Gutiérrez Nicolas F, Nazco Casariego GJ. Long-term effectiveness and safety of tolvaptan in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 163:1-7. [PMID: 38616432 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence on the long-term use of tolvaptan in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is limited. The aim was to evaluate the tolvaptan effectiveness and safety in real clinical setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS A single-center observational study (2016-2022) involving ADPKD patients treated with tolvaptan was conducted. Annual change in serum creatinine (sCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after treatment initiation were evaluated. Change in total kidney volume (TKV), blood pressure (BP) and urinary albuminuria at 12, 24 and 36 months after initiation were also determined. Adverse events (AEs) according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 22 patients were included. No significant differences pre- vs post tolvaptan treatment in annual rate of change in eGFR (-3.52ml/min/1.73m2 [-4.98%] vs -3.98ml/min/1.73m2 [-8.48%], p=0.121) and sCr (+0.06mg/dL [4.22%] vs +0.15mg/dL [7.77%], p=0.429) were observed. Tolvaptan improved urinary osmolality at 12 (p=0.019) and 24 months (p=0.008), but not at 36 months (p=0.11). There were no changes in TKV, BP control and urinary albuminuria at 12, 24 or 36 months. A worse response was shown in patients with rapid kidney function decline (p=0.042). A 36.4% of the patients developed grade III/IV AEs. A 22.7% discontinued treatment due to unacceptable toxicity. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a modest benefit of tolvaptan in ADPKD patients, as well as safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cantarelli
- Servicio de Farmacia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Marta Gutiérrez Valencia
- Sección de Innovación y Organización, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Leache Alegria
- Sección de Innovación y Organización, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Erviti Lopez
- Sección de Innovación y Organización, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
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Luo J, Zhang Y, Jayaprakash S, Zhuang L, He J. Cross-Species Insights into Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Provide an Alternative View on Research Advancement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5646. [PMID: 38891834 PMCID: PMC11171680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a prevalent hereditary disorder that affects the kidneys, characterized by the development of an excessive number of fluid-filled cysts of varying sizes in both kidneys. Along with the progression of ADPKD, these enlarged cysts displace normal kidney tissue, often accompanied by interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, and significantly impair renal function, leading to end-stage renal disease. Currently, the precise mechanisms underlying ADPKD remain elusive, and a definitive cure has yet to be discovered. This review delineates the epidemiology, pathological features, and clinical diagnostics of ADPKD or ADPKD-like disease across human populations, as well as companion animals and other domesticated species. A light has been shed on pivotal genes and biological pathways essential for preventing and managing ADPKD, which underscores the importance of cross-species research in addressing this complex condition. Treatment options are currently limited to Tolvaptan, dialysis, or surgical excision of large cysts. However, comparative studies of ADPKD across different species hold promise for unveiling novel insights and therapeutic strategies to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Sakthidasan Jayaprakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Tamil Nadu 603103, India;
| | - Lenan Zhuang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jin He
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Carraro G, Di Vico V, Martinetti L, Bettin E, Cacciapuoti M, Stefanelli LF, Gobbi L, Nalesso F, Martino FK, Calò LA. Tolvaptan Treatment and Long-Term Impact on Quality of Life in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients: A Pilot Study. Clin Drug Investig 2024; 44:289-291. [PMID: 38430434 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-024-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Carraro
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Vico
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Loris Martinetti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bettin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Cacciapuoti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Federica Stefanelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Gobbi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Nalesso
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Katiana Martino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Clearman KR, Haycraft CJ, Croyle MJ, Collawn JF, Yoder BK. Functions of the primary cilium in the kidney and its connection with renal diseases. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:39-94. [PMID: 38043952 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The nonmotile primary cilium is a sensory structure found on most mammalian cell types that integrates multiple signaling pathways involved in tissue development and postnatal function. As such, mutations disrupting cilia activities cause a group of disorders referred to as ciliopathies. These disorders exhibit a wide spectrum of phenotypes impacting nearly every tissue. In the kidney, primary cilia dysfunction caused by mutations in polycystin 1 (Pkd1), polycystin 2 (Pkd2), or polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (Pkhd1), result in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a progressive disorder causing renal functional decline and end-stage renal disease. PKD affects nearly 1 in 1000 individuals and as there is no cure for PKD, patients frequently require dialysis or renal transplantation. Pkd1, Pkd2, and Pkhd1 encode membrane proteins that all localize in the cilium. Pkd1 and Pkd2 function as a nonselective cation channel complex while Pkhd1 protein function remains uncertain. Data indicate that the cilium may act as a mechanosensor to detect fluid movement through renal tubules. Other functions proposed for the cilium and PKD proteins in cyst development involve regulation of cell cycle and oriented division, regulation of renal inflammation and repair processes, maintenance of epithelial cell differentiation, and regulation of mitochondrial structure and metabolism. However, how loss of cilia or cilia function leads to cyst development remains elusive. Studies directed at understanding the roles of Pkd1, Pkd2, and Pkhd1 in the cilium and other locations within the cell will be important for developing therapeutic strategies to slow cyst progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Clearman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Courtney J Haycraft
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mandy J Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Kosuta I, Ostojic A, Vujaklija Brajkovic A, Babel J, Simunov B, Sremac M, Mrzljak A. Shifting perspectives in liver diseases after kidney transplantation. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:883-896. [PMID: 37547033 PMCID: PMC10401415 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i7.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases after kidney transplantation range from mild biochemical abnormalities to severe hepatitis or cirrhosis. The causes are diverse and mainly associated with hepatotropic viruses, drug toxicity and metabolic disorders. Over the past decade, the aetiology of liver disease in kidney recipients has changed significantly. These relates to the use of direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus, the increasing availability of vaccination against hepatitis B and a better understanding of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has brought new challenges to kidney recipients. This review aims to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive understanding of recent advances in the management of liver complications in kidney recipients and to enable them to make informed decisions regarding the risks and impact of liver disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Kosuta
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Ostojic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Center, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Vujaklija Brajkovic
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Babel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Bojana Simunov
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Maja Sremac
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Center, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Center, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Devlin L, Dhondurao Sudhindar P, Sayer JA. Renal ciliopathies: promising drug targets and prospects for clinical trials. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:325-346. [PMID: 37243567 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2218616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ciliopathies represent a collection of genetic disorders characterized by deficiencies in the biogenesis, maintenance, or functioning of the ciliary complex. These disorders, which encompass autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and nephronophthisis (NPHP), typically result in cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and a gradual deterioration of kidney function, culminating in kidney failure. AREAS COVERED Here we review the advances in basic science and clinical research into renal ciliopathies which have yielded promising small compounds and drug targets, within both preclinical studies and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Tolvaptan is currently the sole approved treatment option available for ADPKD patients, while no approved treatment alternatives exist for ARPKD or NPHP patients. Clinical trials are presently underway to evaluate additional medications in ADPKD and ARPKD patients. Based on preclinical models, other potential therapeutic targets for ADPKD, ARPKD, and NPHP look promising. These include molecules targeting fluid transport, cellular metabolism, ciliary signaling and cell-cycle regulation. There is a real and urgent clinical need for translational research to bring novel treatments to clinical use for all forms of renal ciliopathies to reduce kidney disease progression and prevent kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Devlin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Praveen Dhondurao Sudhindar
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Nagao S, Yamaguchi T. Review of the Use of Animal Models of Human Polycystic Kidney Disease for the Evaluation of Experimental Therapeutic Modalities. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020668. [PMID: 36675597 PMCID: PMC9867516 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, and nephronophthisis are hereditary disorders with the occurrence of numerous cysts in both kidneys, often causing chronic and end-stage renal failure. Animal models have played an important role in recent advances in research not only on disease onset and progressive mechanisms but also on the development of therapeutic interventions. For a long time, spontaneous animal models have been used as the primary focus for human diseases; however, after the identification of the nucleotide sequence of the responsible genes, PKD1, PKD2, PKHD1, and NPHPs, various types of genetically modified models were developed by genetic and reproductive engineering techniques and played the leading role in the research field. In this review, we present murine models of hereditary renal cystic diseases, discussing their potential benefits in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Nagao
- Advanced Research Center for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-2434
| | - Tamio Yamaguchi
- Advanced Research Center for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 510-0293, Japan
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Tarabzuni O. The Effect of Dietary Intervention on Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) Patients on Tolvaptan and Their Quality of Life. Cureus 2022; 14:e25045. [PMID: 35719821 PMCID: PMC9199962 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited renal disorder; it affects people of all ethnic groups and is found in up to 10% of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Dietary intervention is important in people with renal disease, and it has been linked to greater estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) preservation. Tolvaptan, an orally-active nonpeptide, selective arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2R antagonist, was recently licensed in numerous countries for the treatment of ADPKD. The aim of this study was to assess the role of dietary intervention in decreasing the osmotic load on the urine volume and its impact on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with ADPKD on tolvaptan. Methods This prospective cohort study was carried out at a Hamilton nephrology genetics clinic. ADPKD patients on well-tolerated doses of tolvaptan for three months were included in the study. Gitelman and Bartter Symptom Health-related QOL questionnaire was used among the study participants. Results Our study consisted of nine adult patients with ADPKD who were on a stable dose of tolvaptan therapy. Patients had laboratory values for urine volume, sodium (Na), and urea. No significant difference was found between pre- and post-diet intervention values in 24-hour urine volume (5.9 vs. 5.49 L/d; p=0.423), urine Na (p=0.174), and 24-hour urine urea (p=0.404). Conclusion Dietary intervention in ADPKD patients on tolvaptan therapy can play a vital role in improving their QOL. Further research including interventional studies and clinical trials with larger sample sizes is needed to gain deeper insight into the subject.
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Capolongo G, Capasso G, Viggiano D. A Shared Nephroprotective Mechanism for Renin-Angiotensin-System Inhibitors, Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors, and Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists: Immunology Meets Hemodynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3915. [PMID: 35409276 PMCID: PMC8999762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major paradigm in nephrology states that the loss of filtration function over a long time is driven by a persistent hyperfiltration state of surviving nephrons. This hyperfiltration may derive from circulating immunological factors. However, some clue about the hemodynamic effects of these factors derives from the effects of so-called nephroprotective drugs. Thirty years after the introduction of Renin-Angiotensin-system inhibitors (RASi) into clinical practice, two new families of nephroprotective drugs have been identified: the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and the vasopressin receptor antagonists (VRA). Even though the molecular targets of the three-drug classes are very different, they share the reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the beginning of the therapy, which is usually considered an adverse effect. Therefore, we hypothesize that acute GFR decline is a prerequisite to obtaining nephroprotection with all these drugs. In this study, we reanalyze evidence that RASi, SGLT2i, and VRA reduce the eGFR at the onset of therapy. Afterward, we evaluate whether the extent of eGFR reduction correlates with their long-term efficacy. The results suggest that the extent of initial eGFR decline predicts the nephroprotective efficacy in the long run. Therefore, we propose that RASi, SGLT2i, and VRA delay kidney disease progression by controlling maladaptive glomerular hyperfiltration resulting from circulating immunological factors. Further studies are needed to verify their combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.C.)
- BioGeM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.C.)
- BioGeM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.C.)
- BioGeM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Raj P, Louis XL, Yu L, Siow YL, Suh M, Aukema HM, Netticadan T. Saskatoon berry supplementation prevents cardiac remodeling without improving renal disease in an animal model of reno-cardiac syndrome. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13893. [PMID: 34459008 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Saskatoon berry (SKB) may have the potential to counter reno-cardiac syndrome owing to its antioxidant capacity. Here, we investigated the renal and cardiovascular effects of SKB-enriched diet in a rat model of reno-cardiac disease. Two groups of wild-type rats (+/+) and two groups of Hannover Sprague-Dawley (Han:SPRD-Cy/+) rats were given either regular diet or SKB diet (10% w/w total diet) for 8 weeks. Body weight, kidney weight, kidney water content, and left ventricle (LV) weight were measured. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by the tail-cuff method. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac structure and function. Serum creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats had significantly higher kidney weight, kidney water content, LV weight, BP, and creatinine compared with wild-type rats (+/+). The SKB diet supplementation did not reduce kidney weight, kidney water content, BP, and LV weight in Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats. The SKB diet also resulted in higher systolic BP in Han:SPRD-Cy/+rats. Han:SPRD-Cy/+rats showed cardiac structural remodeling (higher LV wall thickness) without any cardiac functional abnormalities. Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats also had significantly higher creatinine whereas the concentration of MDA was not different. The SKB diet supplementation reduced cardiac remodeling and the concentration of MDA without altering the concentration of creatinine in Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats. In conclusion, Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats developed significant renal disease, high BP, and cardiac remodeling by 8 weeks without cardiac functional impairment. The SKB diet may be useful in preventing cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in Han:SPRD-Cy/+rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Saskatoon berry (SKB) is widely consumed as fresh fruit or processed fruit items and has significant commercial value. It may offer health benefits due to the presence of bioactives such as anthocyanins. SKB has very good culinary flavors, and it is an economically viable fruit crop in many parts of the world. The disease-modifying benefits of SKB are mainly ascribed to the antioxidant nature of its bioactive content. Polycystic kidney disease is a serious condition that can lead to renal and cardiac abnormalities. Here, we showed that SKB supplementation was able to mitigate cardiac remodeling and lower the level of a marker of oxidative stress in an animal model of reno-cardiac syndrome. Our study suggests that SKB possesses beneficial cardioprotective properties. Further evidence from human studies may help in increasing the consumption of SKB as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Raj
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xavier L Louis
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Food and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yaw L Siow
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Food and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Food and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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11
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Okyere P, Ephraim RKD, Okyere I, Attakorah J, Serwaa D, Essuman G, Abaka-Yawson A, Adoba P. Demographic, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Ghana. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:156. [PMID: 33910506 PMCID: PMC8080413 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the commonest of the hereditary kidney diseases and mostly ensues in utero with signs delayed until after several decades. This study assessed the demographic, diagnostic (clinical and biochemical features) and therapeutic patterns among ADPKD patients who attended the nephrology unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) from 2007 to 2018. Methods This cross-sectional retrospective analysis of ADPKD patient records was conducted at the nephrology unit of KATH in October 2020. The records of 82 ADPKD was used for this study. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographic and therapeutic data was obtained, organized and analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results ADPKD was most prevalent in people within the ages of 31–40 years (25.6 %), with a male (52.4 %) preponderance. The most common clinical features presented were flank pain (30.5 %) and bipedal swelling (18.3 %). Hypertension (42.7 %), urinary tract infections (UTIs) (19.5 %), and anemia (13.4 %) were the most common complications reported. Average level of HDL-c was higher in females (1.7) than in males (1.2) (p = 0.001). Hematuria (34 %) and proteinuria (66 %) were among the biochemical derangements presented. About 81.7 % had CKD at diagnosis with the majority in stages 1 (27.0 %), 3(23.2 %) and 5 (20.3 %). Poor corticomedullary differentiation was observed in 90.2 % of participants and increased echogenicity was observed in 89.0 % of the participants. Estimated GFR (eGFR) correlated positively with echotexture (r = 0.320, p = 0.005) and negatively with CMD (r= -0.303, p = 0.008). About 95.1 % of patients were on conservative therapy including: 73.2 %, 52.4 %, 22.0 %, 13.4 %, 8.5 % on Irebesartan/Lisinopril, Nifecard XL, Hydralazine, Methyldopa and Bisoprolol respectively for hypertension; 26.8 and 3.7 % on Gliclazide and Metformin respectively for Type 2 diabetes mellitus; 25.6 %, 24.4 and 18.3 % on CaCO3, fersolate and folic acid respectively as nutrient supplements with 4.9 % of participants on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Conclusions ADPKD occurs in people aged ≥ 31 years with a higher male preponderance. Clinical features include flank and abdominal pain, bipedal swelling, headache, amongst others. Uremia, hematuria, proteinuria, decreased eGFR, were the common biochemical derangements reported with higher severity detected in men. The therapeutic interventions mostly involved conservative therapy to manage symptoms and other comorbid conditions and rarely renal replacement therapy (RRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Perditer Okyere
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard K D Ephraim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Renal Research Initiative , Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac Okyere
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph Attakorah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Serwaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Pan African University, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Grace Essuman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. .,Renal Research Initiative , Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Albert Abaka-Yawson
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Prince Adoba
- Renal Research Initiative , Cape Coast, Ghana.,Trauma and Specialist Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Winneba, Ghana
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12
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Chebib FT, Torres VE. Assessing Risk of Rapid Progression in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Special Considerations for Disease-Modifying Therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 78:282-292. [PMID: 33705818 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of kidney failure, accounting for 5%-10% of cases. Predicting which patients with ADPKD will progress rapidly to kidney failure is critical to assess the risk-benefit ratio of any intervention and to consider early initiation of long-term kidney protective measures that will maximize the cumulative benefit of slowing disease progression. Surrogate prognostic biomarkers are required to predict future decline in kidney function. Clinical, genetic, environmental, epigenetic, and radiologic factors have been studied as predictors of progression to kidney failure in ADPKD. A complex interaction of these prognostic factors determines the number of kidney cysts and their growth rates, which affect total kidney volume (TKV). Age-adjusted TKV, represented by the Mayo imaging classification, estimates each patient's unique rate of kidney growth and provides the most individualized approach available clinically so far. Tolvaptan has been approved to slow disease progression in patients at risk of rapidly progressive disease. Several other disease-modifying treatments are being studied in clinical trials. Selection criteria for patients at risk of rapid progression vary widely among countries and are based on a combination of age, baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR), GFR slope, baseline TKV, and TKV rate of growth. This review details the approach in assessing the risk of disease progression in ADPKD and identifying patients who would benefit from long-term therapy with disease-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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13
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Effect of Reducing Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) in Experimental Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030532. [PMID: 33802342 PMCID: PMC8000896 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is upregulated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) but its functional role is not known. The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and AT and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinases are key proximal transducers of the DDR. This study hypothesized that reducing either ATM or ATR attenuates kidney cyst formation and growth in experimental ADPKD. In vitro, pharmacological ATM inhibition by AZD0156 reduced three-dimensional cyst growth in MDCK and human ADPKD cells by up to 4.4- and 4.1-fold, respectively. In contrast, the ATR inhibitor, VE-821, reduced in vitro MDCK cyst growth but caused dysplastic changes. In vivo, treatment with AZD0156 by oral gavage for 10 days reduced renal cell proliferation and increased p53 expression in Pkd1RC/RC mice (a murine genetic ortholog of ADPKD). However, the progression of cystic kidney disease in Pkd1RC/RC mice was not altered by genetic ablation of ATM from birth, in either heterozygous (Pkd1RC/RC/Atm+/−) or homozygous (Pkd1RC/RC/Atm−/−) mutant mice at 3 months. In conclusion, despite short-term effects on reducing renal cell proliferation, chronic progression was not altered by reducing ATM in vivo, suggesting that this DDR kinase is dispensable for kidney cyst formation in ADPKD.
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14
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Sparapani S, Millet-Boureima C, Oliver J, Mu K, Hadavi P, Kalostian T, Ali N, Avelar CM, Bardies M, Barrow B, Benedikt M, Biancardi G, Bindra R, Bui L, Chihab Z, Cossitt A, Costa J, Daigneault T, Dault J, Davidson I, Dias J, Dufour E, El-Khoury S, Farhangdoost N, Forget A, Fox A, Gebrael M, Gentile MC, Geraci O, Gnanapragasam A, Gomah E, Haber E, Hamel C, Iyanker T, Kalantzis C, Kamali S, Kassardjian E, Kontos HK, Le TBU, LoScerbo D, Low YF, Mac Rae D, Maurer F, Mazhar S, Nguyen A, Nguyen-Duong K, Osborne-Laroche C, Park HW, Parolin E, Paul-Cole K, Peer LS, Philippon M, Plaisir CA, Porras Marroquin J, Prasad S, Ramsarun R, Razzaq S, Rhainds S, Robin D, Scartozzi R, Singh D, Fard SS, Soroko M, Soroori Motlagh N, Stern K, Toro L, Toure MW, Tran-Huynh S, Trépanier-Chicoine S, Waddingham C, Weekes AJ, Wisniewski A, Gamberi C. The Biology of Vasopressin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:89. [PMID: 33477721 PMCID: PMC7832310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressins are evolutionarily conserved peptide hormones. Mammalian vasopressin functions systemically as an antidiuretic and regulator of blood and cardiac flow essential for adapting to terrestrial environments. Moreover, vasopressin acts centrally as a neurohormone involved in social and parental behavior and stress response. Vasopressin synthesis in several cell types, storage in intracellular vesicles, and release in response to physiological stimuli are highly regulated and mediated by three distinct G protein coupled receptors. Other receptors may bind or cross-bind vasopressin. Vasopressin is regulated spatially and temporally through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, sex, tissue, and cell-specific receptor expression. Anomalies of vasopressin signaling have been observed in polycystic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Growing knowledge of the central biological roles of vasopressin has enabled pharmacological advances to treat these conditions by targeting defective systemic or central pathways utilizing specific agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Gamberi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (S.S.); (C.M.-B.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (N.A.); (C.M.A.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (M.B.); (G.B.); (R.B.); (L.B.); (Z.C.); (A.C.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (J.D.); (I.D.); (J.D.); (E.D.); (S.E.-K.); (N.F.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.C.G.); (O.G.); (A.G.); (E.G.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (T.I.); (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (H.K.K.); (T.B.U.L.); (D.L.); (Y.F.L.); (D.M.R.); (F.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (K.N.-D.); (C.O.-L.); (H.W.P.); (E.P.); (K.P.-C.); (L.S.P.); (M.P.); (C.-A.P.); (J.P.M.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (D.R.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (S.S.F.); (M.S.); (N.S.M.); (K.S.); (L.T.); (M.W.T.); (S.T.-H.); (S.T.-C.); (C.W.); (A.J.W.); (A.W.)
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15
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Cyst Reduction by Melatonin in a Novel Drosophila Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225477. [PMID: 33238462 PMCID: PMC7700119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) causes progressive cystic degeneration of the renal tubules, the nephrons, eventually severely compromising kidney function. ADPKD is incurable, with half of the patients eventually needing renal replacement. Treatments for ADPKD patients are limited and new effective therapeutics are needed. Melatonin, a central metabolic regulator conserved across all life kingdoms, exhibits oncostatic and oncoprotective activity and no detected toxicity. Here, we used the Bicaudal C (BicC) Drosophila model of polycystic kidney disease to test the cyst-reducing potential of melatonin. Significant cyst reduction was found in the renal (Malpighian) tubules upon melatonin administration and suggest mechanistic sophistication. Similar to vertebrate PKD, the BicC fly PKD model responds to the antiproliferative drugs rapamycin and mimics of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac). Melatonin appears to be a new cyst-reducing molecule with attractive properties as a potential candidate for PKD treatment.
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16
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Beaumont NJ, Holmes HL, Gregory AV, Edwards ME, Rojas JD, Gessner RC, Dayton PA, Kline TL, Romero MF, Czernuszewicz TJ. Assessing Polycystic Kidney Disease in Rodents: Comparison of Robotic 3D Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:1126-1136. [PMID: 33521650 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003912020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder characterized by renal cyst formation and enlargement of the kidney. PKD severity can be staged noninvasively by measuring total kidney volume (TKV), a promising biomarker that has recently received regulatory qualification. In preclinical mouse models, where the disease is studied and potential therapeutics are evaluated, the most popular noninvasive method of measuring TKV is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although MRI provides excellent 3D resolution and contrast, these systems are expensive to operate, have long acquisition times, and, consequently, are not heavily used in preclinical PKD research. In this study, a new imaging instrument, based on robotic ultrasound (US), was evaluated as a complementary approach for assessing PKD in rodent models. The objective was to determine the extent to which TKV measurements on the robotic US scanner correlated with both in vivo and ex vivo reference standards (MRI and Vernier calipers, respectively). A cross-sectional study design was implemented that included both PKD-affected mice and healthy wild types, spanning sex and age for a wide range of kidney volumes. It was found that US-derived TKV measurements and kidney lengths were strongly associated with both in vivo MRI and ex vivo Vernier caliper measurements (R 2=0.94 and 0.90, respectively). In addition to measuring TKV, renal vascular density was assessed using acoustic angiography (AA), a novel contrast-enhanced US methodology. AA image intensity, indicative of volumetric vascularity, was seen to have a strong negative correlation with TKV (R 2=0.82), suggesting impaired renal vascular function in mice with larger kidneys. These studies demonstrate that robotic US can provide a rapid and accurate approach for noninvasively evaluating PKD in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather L Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Timothy L Kline
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael F Romero
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tomasz J Czernuszewicz
- SonoVol, Inc., Durham, North Carolina.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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17
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Wang J, Tripathy N, Chung EJ. Targeting and therapeutic peptide-based strategies for polycystic kidney disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:176-189. [PMID: 32866560 PMCID: PMC7736157 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by progressive cyst growth and is a leading cause of renal failure worldwide. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options available to PKD patients, and only one drug, tolvaptan, has been FDA-approved to slow cyst progression. Similar to other small molecule drugs, however, tolvaptan is costly, only moderately effective, and causes adverse events leading to high patient dropout rates. Peptides may mitigate many drawbacks of small molecule drugs, as they can be highly tissue-specific, biocompatible, and economically scaled-up. Peptides can function as targeting ligands that direct therapies to diseased renal tissue, or be potent as therapeutic agents themselves. This review discusses various aberrant signaling pathways in PKD and renal receptors that can be potential targets of peptide-mediated strategies. Additionally, peptides utilized in other kidney applications, but may prove useful in the context of PKD, are highlighted. Insights into novel peptide-based solutions that have potential to improve clinical management of PKD are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nirmalya Tripathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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K. Rangan G, Raghubanshi A, Chaitarvornkit A, Chandra AN, Gardos R, Munt A, Read MN, Saravanabavan S, Zhang JQ, Wong AT. Current and emerging treatment options to prevent renal failure due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1804859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopala K. Rangan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, Australia
| | - Aarya Raghubanshi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Alissa Chaitarvornkit
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ashley N. Chandra
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra Munt
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mark N. Read
- The School of Computer Science and the Westmead Initiative, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jennifer Q.J. Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Annette T.Y. Wong
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, Australia
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19
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Joly D, Quinn J, Mokiou S, O'Reilly K, Sánchez-Covisa J, Wang-Silvanto J, Doll H. Rationale and study protocol of ACQUIRE, a prospective, observational study measuring quality of life, treatment preference and treatment satisfaction of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients in Europe. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:298. [PMID: 32709218 PMCID: PMC7379359 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is considered the most common inherited renal disease. Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) and patient experience in ADPKD are difficult to quantify and have not been well studied, particularly in the early stages of the disease. There is evidence to suggest that early-stage ADPKD patients have a lower Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) than the general population due to the signs and symptoms of early-stage ADPKD. However, no research has been carried out on the HRQoL of early-stage ADPKD patients using validated ADPKD-specific PRO measures. Additionally, a new disease progression delaying treatment option has recently emerged for ADPKD. Patient preference for this treatment and unmet treatment needs have not yet been investigated. METHODS The ACQUIRE study is a prospective, observational study investigating the influence of early-stage ADPKD-related symptoms and treatments on PROs. It aims to collect real-world data on patient demographics, treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and PROs such as HRQoL, treatment satisfaction and treatment preference in early-stage ADPKD. Adult ADPKD patients in stages 1-3 of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with evidence of rapidly progressing disease are being recruited from seven European countries. At baseline and every 3 months, for a follow-up period of 18 months, general and disease-specific questionnaires are completed remotely to capture patients' own assessment of their overall and ADPKD-related HRQoL. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) is also used to investigate the value patients place on different attributes of hypothetical treatment options (e.g. treatment outcomes, side effects) and the role each attribute plays in determining overall patient treatment preference. DISCUSSION The results of this study will highlight the real-world effects of ADPKD-related challenges on PROs including HRQoL, treatment experience and satisfaction; and help physicians gain greater insight into likely disease outcomes based on early-stage patient symptoms and patients' experience with treatment. Data captured by the DCE may inform ADPKD treatment decision-making from a patient perspective. The DCE will also provide insights into which patients are more likely to perceive benefit from treatments based on the value and trade-offs they place on specific treatment attributes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02848521 . Protocol Number/Version: 156-303-00096/Final.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Joly
- Nephrology Department, Necker Hospital, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helen Doll
- Clinical Outcomes Solutions, Folkestone, UK
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20
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An Overview of In Vivo and In Vitro Models for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Journey from 3D-Cysts to Mini-Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124537. [PMID: 32630605 PMCID: PMC7352572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inheritable cause of end stage renal disease and, as of today, only a single moderately effective treatment is available for patients. Even though ADPKD research has made huge progress over the last decades, the precise disease mechanisms remain elusive. However, a wide variety of cellular and animal models have been developed to decipher the pathophysiological mechanisms and related pathways underlying the disease. As none of these models perfectly recapitulates the complexity of the human disease, the aim of this review is to give an overview of the main tools currently available to ADPKD researchers, as well as their main advantages and limitations.
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21
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Griffiths J, Mills MT, Ong AC. Long-acting somatostatin analogue treatments in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and polycystic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032620. [PMID: 31924636 PMCID: PMC6955551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A number of randomised control trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of long-acting somatostatin analogues in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and polycystic liver disease (PLD) have been recently reported. We sought to evaluate all available RCTs investigating the efficacy of somatostatin analogues treatment in ADPKD and PLD. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases; Pubmed, Clincaltrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: RCTs and randomised cross-over trials comparing the effects of somatostatin analogue treatment with controls in patients with ADPKD or PLD. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data extraction and bias assessments were performed by two independent reviewers between January and May 2019. Outcomes assessed included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total kidney volume (TKV), total liver volume (TLV), progression to end stage renal failure (ESRF) and adverse effects. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and reported as relative risk or mean difference with 95% CIs. RESULTS Meta-analysis was performed of six RCTs or randomised cross-over trials and three secondary analyses. A total of 592 patients were included. Compared with controls, somatostatin analogue treatment significantly reduced TLV (mean difference -0.15 L, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.03, p=0.01). There was no significant effect on TKV (mean difference -0.19 L, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.12, p=0.23) or eGFR (mean difference 0.27 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI -2.03 to 2.57, p=0.82). There was no effect on progression to ESRF. Somatostatin analogues were associated with known adverse effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The available RCT data show improvement in TLV with somatostatin analogue treatment. There was no benefit to TKV or eGFR in patients with ADPKD, while being associated with various side effects. Further studies are needed to assess potential benefit in reducing cyst burden in patients with PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Griffiths
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Unit of Nephrology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark T Mills
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Unit of Nephrology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Albert Cm Ong
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Unit of Nephrology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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22
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Bernts LHP, Drenth JPH, Tjwa ETTL. Management of portal hypertension and ascites in polycystic liver disease. Liver Int 2019; 39:2024-2033. [PMID: 31505092 PMCID: PMC6899472 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from polycystic liver disease may develop Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction, Portal Vein Obstruction and/or Inferior Caval Vein Syndrome because of cystic mass effect. This can cause portal hypertension, leading to ascites, variceal haemorrhage or splenomegaly. For this review, we evaluate the evidence to provide clinical guidance for physicians faced with this complication. Diagnosis is made with imaging such as ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Therapy includes conventional therapy with diuretics and paracentesis, and medical therapy using somatostatin analogues. Based on disease phenotype various (non-)surgical liver-volume reducing therapies, hepatic or portal venous stenting, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and liver transplantation may be considered. Because of complicated anatomy, use of high-risk interventions and lack of empirical evidence, patients should be treated in expert centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H. P. Bernts
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost P. H. Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Eric T. T. L. Tjwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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23
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Yamawaki K, Kanda H, Shimazaki R. Nrf2 activator for the treatment of kidney diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:30-37. [PMID: 30248418 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, and significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, creating an urgent need for effective therapeutic modalities. Despite this significant unmet medical need, none of the drugs launched to date have demonstrated promising potential to cure kidney diseases. This is likely due to the structural complexity of the kidney as well as difficulties in setting appropriate endpoints for clinical trials and identifying appropriate therapeutic targets. Recently, an alternative endpoint for clinical trials (i.e., a 30% or 40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] from baseline following 2-3 years of observation) has been considered in the United States, European Union, and Japan, and is expected to contribute to the progress of drug development for kidney diseases. Further, oxidative stress and inflammation are currently thought to be key factors in the progression of kidney diseases, prompting more research on drugs targeting the mechanisms related to these factors for treatment. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) system has drawn much attention in recent years for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and its pharmacological potential for treatment of kidney diseases is being widely investigated in both clinical and non-clinical studies. This review summarizes the current issues in the treatment of kidney diseases, including clinical endpoints, Nrf2 activators as treatment options, and perspectives on pharmaceutical applications of Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Yamawaki
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hironori Kanda
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Shimazaki
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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