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Ardiana M, Fadila AN, Zuhra Z, Kusuma NM, Surya Erlangga Rurus ME, Oceandy D. Non-coding RNA therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases and risk factors: Systematic review. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:487-506. [PMID: 37483458 PMCID: PMC10362275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, RNA-based therapy which includes therapies using non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and aptamers are gaining widespread attention as possible ways to target genes in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), thereby serving as a promising therapeutic approach for CVDs and risk factors management. However, data are primarily in an early stage. A systematic review was carried out using literature from several databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, and DOAJR) following the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 64 articles reviewed, 39 papers were included in this review with three main types of RNAs: aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and small-interfering RNA (siRNA). All studies were human clinical trials. RNA-based therapies were demonstrated to be efficacious in treating various CVDs and controlling cardiovascular risk factors. They are generally safe and well-tolerated. However, data are still in the early stage and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meity Ardiana
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr.Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Asiyah Nurul Fadila
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr.Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Zakirah Zuhra
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr.Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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2
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Xulu KR, Augustine TN. Targeting Platelet Activation Pathways to Limit Tumour Progression: Current State of Affairs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1532. [PMID: 36558983 PMCID: PMC9784118 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between cancer and a hypercoagulatory environment is well described. Thrombotic complications serve not only as a major mortality risk but the underlying molecular structure and function play significant roles in enhancing tumour progression, which is defined as the tumour's capacity to survive, invade and metastasise, amongst other hallmarks of the disease. The use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs in cardiovascular disease lessens thrombotic effects, but the consequences on tumour progression require interrogation. Therefore, this review considered developments in the management of platelet activation pathways (thromboxane, ADP and thrombin), focusing on the use of Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Atopaxar, and their potential impacts on tumour progression. Published data suggested a cautionary tale in ensuring we adequately investigate not only drug-drug interactions but also those unforeseen reciprocal interactions between drugs and their targets within the tumour microenvironment that may act as selective pressures, enhancing tumour survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutlwano R. Xulu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Tanya N. Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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3
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Olğaç S, Olğaç A, Yenicesu İ, Özkan Y. Identification of Novel Antiplatelet Agents by Targeting Glycoprotein VI: A Combined Virtual Screening Study. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Antiplatelet Activity of Isorhamnetin via Mitochondrial Regulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050666. [PMID: 33922903 PMCID: PMC8146847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With the diet, we ingest nutrients capable of modulating platelet function, which plays a crucial role in developing cardiovascular events, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Studies that demonstrate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic potential of bioactive compounds are vital to maintaining good cardiovascular health. In this work, we evaluate the flavonol isorhamnetin’s antiplatelet effect on human platelets, using collagen, thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP-6), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as agonists. Isorhamnetin induced a significant inhibition on collagen- and TRAP-6-induced platelet aggregation, with half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 8.1 ± 2.6 and 16.1 ± 11.1 µM, respectively; while it did not show cytotoxic effect. Isorhamnetin reduced adenosine triphosphate levels (ATP) in platelets stimulated by collagen and TRAP-6. We also evidenced that isorhamnetin’s antiplatelet activity was related to the inhibition of mitochondrial function without effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, we investigated isorhamnetin’s effect on thrombus formation in vitro under flow conditions on the damaged vessel wall. In this context, we demonstrate that isorhamnetin at 20 µM induced a significant inhibition on platelet deposition, confirming its antithrombotic effect. Our findings corroborate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic potential of isorhamnetin present in many foods of daily consumption.
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5
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Soriano Jerez EM, Gibbins JM, Hughes CE. Targeting platelet inhibition receptors for novel therapies: PECAM-1 and G6b-B. Platelets 2021; 32:761-769. [PMID: 33646086 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1882668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While current oral antiplatelet therapies benefit many patients, they deregulate the hemostatic balance leaving patients at risk of systemic side-effects such as hemorrhage. Dual antiplatelet treatment is the standard approach, combining aspirin with P2Y12 blockers. These therapies mainly target autocrine activation mechanisms (TxA2, ADP) and, more recently, the use of thrombin or thrombin receptor antagonists have been added to the available approaches. Recent efforts to develop new classes of anti-platelet drugs have begun to focus on primary platelet activation pathways such as through the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing collagen receptor GPVI/FcRγ-chain complex. There are already encouraging results from targeting GPVI, with reduced aggregation and smaller arterial thrombi, without major bleeding complications, likely due to overlapping activation signaling pathways with other receptors such as the GPIb-V-IX complex. An alternative approach to reduce platelet activation could be to inhibit this signaling pathway by targeting the inhibitory pathways intrinsic to platelets. Stimulation of endogenous negative modulators could provide more specific inhibition of platelet function, but is this feasible? In this review, we explore the potential of the two major platelet immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing inhibitory receptors, G6b-B and PECAM-1, as antithrombotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Soriano Jerez
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Craig E Hughes
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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6
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Zhou J, Yang RP, Song W, Xu HM, Wang YH. Antiplatelet Activity of Tussilagone via Inhibition of the GPVI Downstream Signaling Pathway in Platelets. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:380. [PMID: 32850895 PMCID: PMC7403204 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tussilagone is a sesquiterpenoid extracted from Tussilago farfara and is used as an oriental medicine for asthma and bronchitis. Although previous studies have shown that tussilagone has an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, no studies have been performed to investigate its precise effect on platelets, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that tussilagone inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin and ADP, as well as platelet release induced by collagen and thrombin, in mice. Tussilagone decreased P-selectin expression and αIIbβ3 activation (JON/A binding) in activated platelets, which indicated that tussilagone inhibited platelet activation. Moreover, tussilagone suppressed platelet spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction. The levels of phosphorylated Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK (ERK1/2 and P38) and molecules associated with GPVI downstream signaling were downregulated in the presence of tussilagone. In addition, tussilagone prolonged the occlusion time in a mouse model of FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis and had no effect on mouse tail bleeding time. These results indicate that tussilagone inhibits platelet function in vitro and in vivo and that the underlying mechanism involves the Syk/PLCγ2-PKC/MAPK and PI3K-Akt-GSK3β signaling pathways downstream of GPVI. This research suggests that tussilagone is a potential candidate antiplatelet drug for the prevention of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Ru-Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Min Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
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7
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Platelet Responses in Cardiovascular Disease: Sex-Related Differences in Nutritional and Pharmacological Interventions. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:2342837. [PMID: 32547635 PMCID: PMC7273457 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2342837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the biggest causes of death globally, and their prevalence, aetiology, and outcome are related to genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, among which sex- and age-dependent differences may play a key role. Among CVD risk factors, platelet hyperactivity deserves particular mention, as it is involved in the pathophysiology of main cardiovascular events (including stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular injury) and is closely related to sex/age differences. Several determinants (e.g., hormonal status and traditional cardiovascular risk factors), together with platelet-related factors (e.g., plasma membrane composition, receptor signaling, and platelet-derived microparticles) can elucidate sex-related disparity in platelet functionality and CVD onset and outcome, especially in relation to efficacy of current primary and secondary interventional strategies. Here, we examined the state of the art concerning sex differences in platelet biology and their relationship with specific cardiovascular events and responses to common antiplatelet therapies. Moreover, as healthy nutrition is widely recognized to play a key role in CVD, we also focused our attention on specific dietary components (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids and flavonoids) and patterns (such as Mediterranean diet), which also emerged to impact platelet functions in a sex-dependent manner. These results highlight that full understanding of gender-related differences will be useful for designing personalized strategies, in order to prevent and/or treat platelet-mediated vascular damage.
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8
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Castelli MS, McGonigle P, Hornby PJ. The pharmacology and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00535. [PMID: 31859459 PMCID: PMC6923804 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a major class of therapeutic agents on the market. To date, approximately 80 mAbs have been granted marketing approval. In 2018, 12 new mAbs were approved by the FDA, representing 20% of the total number of approved drugs. The majority of mAb therapeutics are for oncological and immunological/infectious diseases, but these are expanding into other disease areas. Over 100 monoclonal antibodies are in development, and their unique features ensure that these will remain a part of the therapeutic pipeline. Thus, the therapeutic value and the elucidation of their pharmacological properties supporting clinical development of these large molecules are unquestioned. However, their utilization as pharmacological tools in academic laboratories has lagged behind their small molecule counterparts. Early therapeutic mAbs targeted soluble cytokines, but now that mAbs also target membrane-bound receptors and have increased circulating half-life, their pharmacology is more complex. The principles of pharmacology have enabled the development of high affinity, potent and selective small molecule therapeutics with reduced off-target effects and drug-drug interactions. This review will discuss how the same basic principles can be applied to mAbs, with some important differences. Monoclonal antibodies have several benefits, such as fewer off-target adverse effects, fewer drug-drug interactions, higher specificity, and potentially increased efficacy through targeted therapy. Modifications to decrease the immunogenicity and increase the efficacy are described, with examples of optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties and enabling oral bioavailability. Increased awareness of these advances may help to increase their use in exploratory research and further understand and characterize their pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sofía Castelli
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of MedicineDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Paul McGonigle
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of MedicineDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Pamela J. Hornby
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of MedicineDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease DiscoveryJanssen R&DLLCSpring HousePAUSA
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9
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Cao B, Qu F, Liu X, Gao C, Fu Q, Jiang C, Wei P, Ma Q. Short-term efficacy of ticagrelor in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing an emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8925-8936. [PMID: 31665124 PMCID: PMC6834424 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In total, 97 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who received an emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled and divided into a ticagrelor group and a clopidogrel group. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) blood flow and the corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) were used to assess the blood perfusion of culprit vessels. Thromboelastography (TEG) was used to evaluate the antiplatelet effect of drugs. The results showed that the incidence of TIMI grade III blood flow in the ticagrelor group was significantly higher than that in the clopidogrel group. The CTFC in the anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary arteries was statistically significantly lower in the ticagrelor group as compared with that in the clopidogrel group. At 2 h and 7 d postdrug treatment, the adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADP%) in the ticagrelor group increased significantly as compared with that in the clopidogrel group, and the platelet aggregation rate of the ADP pathway (MAADP) decreased significantly in the ticagrelor group versus that in the clopidogrel group. In conclusion, ticagrelor significantly improved TIMI blood flow and had a better antiplatelet effect than clopidogrel in STEMI patients undergoing an emergency PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangming Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Fuzheng Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Xianliang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Changzheng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunying Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.,XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Szydzik C, Brazilek RJ, Akbaridoust F, de Silva C, Moon M, Marusic I, Ooi ASH, Nandurkar HH, Hamilton JR, Mitchell A, Nesbitt WS. Active Micropump-Mixer for Rapid Antiplatelet Drug Screening in Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10830-10839. [PMID: 31343155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for scalable automated lab-on-chip systems incorporating precise hemodynamic control that can be applied to high-content screening of new more efficacious antiplatelet therapies. This paper reports on the development and characterization of a novel active micropump-mixer microfluidic to address this need. Using a novel reciprocating elastomeric micropump design, we take advantage of the flexible structural and actuation properties of this framework to manage the hemodynamics for on-chip platelet thrombosis assay on type 1 fibrillar collagen, using whole blood. By characterizing and harnessing the complex three-dimensional hemodynamics of the micropump operation in conjunction with a microvalve controlled reagent injection system we demonstrate that this prototype can act as a real-time assay of antiplatelet drug pharmacokinetics. In a proof-of-concept preclinical application, we utilize this system to investigate the way in which rapid dosing of human whole blood with isoform selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dose dependently modulate platelet thrombus dynamics. This modular system exhibits utility as an automated multiplexable assay system with applications to high-content chemical library screening of new antiplatelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Szydzik
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia.,School of Engineering , RMIT University , 124 La Trobe Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Rose J Brazilek
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Farzan Akbaridoust
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , 124 La Trobe Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Charitha de Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Mitchell Moon
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Ivan Marusic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Andrew S H Ooi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Harshal H Nandurkar
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , 124 La Trobe Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Warwick S Nesbitt
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia.,School of Engineering , RMIT University , 124 La Trobe Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
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11
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Pharmacological actions of miltirone in the modulation of platelet function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:199-207. [PMID: 29795134 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge contains various active constituents, some of which have been developed as commercially available medicine. Moreover, some other ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza play roles in anti-platelet activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of miltirone, a lipophilic compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The ability of miltirone to modulate platelet function was investigated by a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by various agonists were measured with platelet aggregometer. Clot retraction and spreading were imaged by digital camera and fluorescence microscope. Ferric chloride-induced carotid injury model and pulmonary thromboembolism model were used to check miltirone antithrombotic effect in vivo. To elucidate the mechanisms of anti-platelet activity of miltirone, flow cytometry and western blotting were performed. Miltirone (2, 4, 8 µM) was shown to suppress platelet aggregation, dense granule, and α granule secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, miltirone inhibited the clot retraction and spreading of washed platelets. It reduced the phosphorylation of PLCγ2, PKC, Akt, GSK3β and ERK1/2 in the downstream signal pathway of collagen receptor. It also reduced the phosphorylation of Src and FAK in the integrin αIIbβ3-mediated "outside-in" signaling, while it did not suppress the phosphorylation of β3. In addition, miltirone prolonged the occlusion time and reduced collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thrombi. Miltirone suppresses platelet "inside-out" and "outside-in" signaling by affecting PLCγ2/PKC/ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, and Src/FAK signaling. Therefore, miltirone might represent a potential anti-platelet candidate for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.
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12
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Adili R, Hawley M, Holinstat M. Regulation of platelet function and thrombosis by omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:10-18. [PMID: 30266534 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is the most common underlying pathology responsible for morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation play central roles in hemostasis; however, the same process may also cause thrombosis and vessel occlusion at the site of ruptured atherosclerotic lesions leading to heart attack and stroke. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are an essential component of the platelet phospholipid membrane and play a major role in many aspects of platelet function. Dietary supplementation of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs has long been used to slow the progression of CVD and to prevent acute cardiovascular events. Despite this, the role of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and their oxylipin metabolites in platelet function remains controversial due to the lack in our understanding of the mechanistic regulation controlling platelet reactivity in vitro and substantial evidence for PUFA regulation of thrombotic events in vivo. In this review, we will outline the role of platelet physiology in hemostasis and the effect of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs on platelet function, with special emphasis on in vivo effects on hemostasis and thrombosis due to the role of PUFAs and their bioactive lipids in circulation. Further, recent mechanistic insights and evidence for cardio-protective effects of PUFAs and their bioactive lipids will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Megan Hawley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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13
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Yeung J, Li W, Holinstat M. Platelet Signaling and Disease: Targeted Therapy for Thrombosis and Other Related Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:526-548. [PMID: 29925522 PMCID: PMC6013590 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential for clotting in the blood and maintenance of normal hemostasis. Under pathologic conditions such as atherosclerosis, vascular injury often results in hyperactive platelet activation, resulting in occlusive thrombus formation, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Recent work in the field has elucidated a number of platelet functions unique from that of maintaining hemostasis, including regulation of tumor growth and metastasis, inflammation, infection, and immune response. Traditional therapeutic targets for inhibiting platelet activation have primarily been limited to cyclooxygenase-1, integrin αIIbβ3, and the P2Y12 receptor. Recently identified signaling pathways regulating platelet function have made it possible to develop novel approaches for pharmacological intervention in the blood to limit platelet reactivity. In this review, we cover the newly discovered roles for platelets as well as their role in hemostasis and thrombosis. These new roles for platelets lend importance to the development of new therapies targeted to the platelet. Additionally, we highlight the promising receptor and enzymatic targets that may further decrease platelet activation and help to address the myriad of pathologic conditions now known to involve platelets without significant effects on hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeung
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., W.L., M.H.) and Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenjie Li
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., W.L., M.H.) and Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.Y., W.L., M.H.) and Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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14
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Andersson KE. PDE5 inhibitors - pharmacology and clinical applications 20 years after sildenafil discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2554-2565. [PMID: 29667180 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway was the basis for our understanding of many normal physiological functions and the pathophysiology of several diseases. Since the discovery and introduction of sildenafil, inhibitors of PDE5 have been the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED). The success of sildenafil in the treatment of ED stimulated research in the field of PDE5 inhibition and led to many new applications, such as treatment of lower urinary symptoms, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, which are now approved indications. However, PDE5 inhibitors have also been used in several other disorders not discussed in this review, and the fields of clinical use are increasing. In the present review, the pharmacological basis of the NO/cGMP pathway and the rationale and clinical use of PDE5 inhibitors in different diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-E Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Agostini S, Lionetti V. New insights into the non-hemostatic role of von Willebrand factor in endothelial protection. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1183-1189. [PMID: 28715643 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, the overexpression of ET-1 increases the endothelial and circulating levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a glycoprotein with a crucial role in arterial thrombus formation. Nowadays, the non-hemostatic role of endothelial vWF is emerging, although we do not yet know whether its increased expression is cause or consequence of endothelial dysfunction. Notably, the vWF blockade or depletion leads to endothelial protection in cultured cells, animal models of vascular injury, and patients as well. Despite the recent efforts to develop an effective pharmacological strategy, the onset of endothelial dysfunction is still difficult to prevent and remains closely related to adverse clinical outcome. Unraveling the non-hemostatic role of endothelial vWF in the onset of endothelial dysfunction could provide new avenues for protection against vascular injury mediated by AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Agostini
- a Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- a Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,b UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
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Darkovska-Serafimovska M, Janevik-Ivanovska E, Djorgoski I, Arsova-Sarafinovska Z, Zdravkovska M, Balkanov T, Ugresic N. Radiolabeled tirofiban - a potential radiopharmaceutical for detection of deep venous thrombosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2989-2996. [PMID: 27713618 PMCID: PMC5044985 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using 99mtechnetium (99mTc)-labeled tirofiban (a reversible antagonist of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) for detection of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in rats without causing an antiplatelet effect. Methods The ability of in vitro tirofiban to inhibit adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was evaluated using optical aggregometer. Binding of 99mTc-tirofiban to platelets was evaluated. Serum levels of unlabeled (a validated high performance liquid chromatography method) and 99mTc-tirofiban after single intravenous injection were evaluated in male Wistar rats with or without induced DVT (femoral vein ligation model), and the rats were also subjected to whole body scintigraphy. Results Tirofiban in vitro inhibits ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner (10 nM to 2 μM), but only if it is added before ADP and not after ADP. 99mTc labeling did not affect the ability of tirofiban to bind to either human or rat platelets, nor did it affect tirofiban pharmacokinetics in intact rats or in animals with induced DVT. When 99mTc-tirofiban was injected to rats after induction of DVT, at a molar dose lower than the one showing only a weak antiaggregatory effect in vitro, whole body scintigraphy indicated localization of 99mTc-tirofiban around the place of the induced DVT. Conclusion 99mTc labeling of tirofiban does not affect its ability to bind to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa or its in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats, either intact or with DVT. A low, nonantiaggregatory dose of 99mTc-tirofiban may be used to visualize DVT at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Darkovska-Serafimovska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Icko Djorgoski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
| | - Zorica Arsova-Sarafinovska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip; Department of Quality Control of Medicines, Institute for Public Health of the Republic of Macedonia
| | - Milka Zdravkovska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip
| | - Trajan Balkanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Nenad Ugresic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Roy J, Adili R, Kulmacz R, Holinstat M, Das A. Development of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Derivatives of Aspirin for Inhibition of Platelet Function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:134-41. [PMID: 27488919 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.234781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of platelet aggregation is key to preventing conditions such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Aspirin is the most widely used drug to inhibit platelet aggregation. Aspirin absorption can be improved further to increase its permeability across biologic membranes via esterification or converting the carboxylic acid to an anhydride. There are several reports indicating that ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids such as linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) separately inhibit platelet aggregation. Herein, we synthesize anhydride conjugates of aspirin with linoleic acid, EPA, and DHA to form aspirin anhydrides that are expected to have higher permeability across cellular membranes. These aspirin-fatty acid anhydrides inhibited platelet aggregation in washed human platelets and platelet-rich plasma in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, the aspirin-DHA anhydride displayed similar effectiveness to aspirin. Platelet aggregation studies conducted in the presence of various platelet agonists indicated that the aspirin-lipid conjugates act through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-thromboxane synthase (TXAS) pathway. Hence, we performed detailed biochemical studies using purified COX-1 as well as TXAS stabilized in nanoscale lipid bilayers of nanodiscs to confirm results from the platelet aggregation studies. We show that although all of the aspirin conjugates act through the COX-TXAS pathway by inhibiting COX-1, the parent fatty acids do not act via this pathway. Finally, we studied the hydrolysis of these compounds in buffer and human plasma, and we demonstrate that all of the aspirin-fatty acid conjugates hydrolyze to the parent molecules aspirin and fatty acid in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnabi Roy
- Department of Chemistry (J.R.), Division of Nutritional Sciences, Departments of Comparative Biosciences, Biochemistry, and Bioengineering, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science (A.D.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), Department of Pharmacology (R.A., M.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas (R.K.)
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Chemistry (J.R.), Division of Nutritional Sciences, Departments of Comparative Biosciences, Biochemistry, and Bioengineering, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science (A.D.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), Department of Pharmacology (R.A., M.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas (R.K.)
| | - Richard Kulmacz
- Department of Chemistry (J.R.), Division of Nutritional Sciences, Departments of Comparative Biosciences, Biochemistry, and Bioengineering, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science (A.D.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), Department of Pharmacology (R.A., M.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas (R.K.)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Chemistry (J.R.), Division of Nutritional Sciences, Departments of Comparative Biosciences, Biochemistry, and Bioengineering, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science (A.D.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), Department of Pharmacology (R.A., M.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas (R.K.)
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Chemistry (J.R.), Division of Nutritional Sciences, Departments of Comparative Biosciences, Biochemistry, and Bioengineering, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science (A.D.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), Department of Pharmacology (R.A., M.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas (R.K.)
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Li Y, Xu Q, Guo X. Thromboembolic events secondary to tirofiban-induced thrombocytopenia being treated with thrombopoietin: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1177-1180. [PMID: 27446339 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old man presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The glycoprotein/IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist tirofiban was administered to the patient to treat a right coronary artery slow flow detected during percutaneous coronary intervention. The patient developed very severe thrombocytopenia 8 h after tirofiban infusion with no signs of bleeding. Antiplatelet medication was discontinued immediately, methylprednisolone was administered and platelets were transfused. Thrombopoietin (TPO) was also applied to the patient as recommended by a hematology consultant. As a result, the patient had in-stent thrombosis and cerebral infarction, then another sirolimus-eluting stent was implanted in the proximal right coronary artery and intensive anti-platelet as well as intermittent dehydration to reduce intracranial pressure, and protection of the nervous system function treatment was also provided. The patient was left with a decreased muscle strength in the right limb muscle and fine movement disorder, which may have lead to a poor prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of tirofiban-induced severe thrombocytopenia with secondary in-stent thrombosis and cerebral infarction from China. The experience of the diagnosis and treatment of this case may shed some light on the clinical use of TPO in tirofiban-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Jackson JW, Singh MV, Singh VB, Jones LD, Davidson GA, Ture S, Morrell CN, Schifitto G, Maggirwar SB. Novel Antiplatelet Activity of Minocycline Involves Inhibition of MLK3-p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Axis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157115. [PMID: 27270236 PMCID: PMC4894566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an essential role in hemostasis and wound healing by facilitating thrombus formation at sites of injury. Platelets also mediate inflammation and contain several pro-inflammatory molecules including cytokines and chemokines that mediate leukocyte recruitment and activation. Not surprisingly, platelet dysfunction is known to contribute to several inflammatory disorders. Antiplatelet therapies, such as aspirin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) antagonists, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) inhibitors, and anticoagulants such as warfarin, dampen platelet activity at the risk of unwarranted bleeding. Thus, the development of drugs that reduce platelet-mediated inflammation without interfering with thrombus formation is of importance to combat platelet-associated disorders. We have shown here for the first time that the tetracycline antibiotic, minocycline, administered to HIV-infected individuals reduces plasma levels of soluble CD40L and platelet factor 4 levels, host molecules predominately released by platelets. Minocycline reduced the activation of isolated platelets in the presence of the potent platelet activator, thrombin, as measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. Platelet degranulation was reduced upon exposure to minocycline as shown by mepacrine retention and flow cytometry. However, minocycline had no effect on spreading, aggregation, GPIIb/IIIa activation, or in vivo thrombus formation. Lastly, immunoblot analysis suggests that the antiplatelet activity of minocycline is likely mediated by inhibition of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3)-p38 MAPK signaling axis and loss of p38 activity. Our findings provide a better understanding of platelet biology and a novel repurposing of an established antibiotic, minocycline, to specifically reduce platelet granule release without affecting thrombosis, which may yield insights in generating novel, specific antiplatelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Meera V. Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Vir B. Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Letitia D. Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Davidson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara Ture
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Schifitto
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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20
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Zalpour A, Oo TH. Update on Edoxaban for the Prevention and Treatment of Thromboembolism: Clinical Applications Based on Current Evidence. Adv Hematol 2015; 2015:920361. [PMID: 26351456 PMCID: PMC4553175 DOI: 10.1155/2015/920361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and heparins have been utilized for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism (arterial and venous) for decades. Targeting and inhibiting specific coagulation factors have led to new discoveries in the pharmacotherapy of thromboembolism management. These targeted anticoagulants are known as direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Two pharmacologically distinct classes of targeted agents are dabigatran etexilate (Direct Thrombin Inhibitor (DTI)) and rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban (direct oral factor Xa inhibitors (OFXaIs)). Emerging evidence from the clinical trials has shown that DOACs are noninferior to VKA or low-molecular-weight heparins in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism. This review examines the role of edoxaban, a recently approved OFXaI, in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism based on the available published literature. The management of edoxaban in the perioperative setting, reversibility in bleeding cases, its role in cancer patients, the relevance of drug-drug interactions, patient satisfaction, financial impacts, and patient education will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zalpour
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Avenue, Unit 1465, FCT 13.5021, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thein Hlaing Oo
- Section of Thrombosis & Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Canobbio I, Abubaker AA, Visconte C, Torti M, Pula G. Role of amyloid peptides in vascular dysfunction and platelet dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:65. [PMID: 25784858 PMCID: PMC4347625 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is accompanied by the accumulation of amyloid peptides in the brain parenchyma and in the cerebral vessels. The sporadic form of AD accounts for about 95% of all cases. It is characterized by a late onset, typically after the age of 65, with a complex and still poorly understood aetiology. Several observations point towards a central role of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the onset of sporadic AD (SAD). According to the "vascular hypothesis", AD may be initiated by vascular dysfunctions that precede and promote the neurodegenerative process. In accordance to this, AD patients show increased hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke risks. It is now clear that multiple bidirectional connections exist between AD and cerebrovascular disease, and in this new scenario, the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular cells and blood platelets appear to be central to AD. In this review, we analyze the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular function and platelet activation and its contribution to the cerebrovascular pathology associated with AD and the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Aisha Alsheikh Abubaker
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Giordano Pula
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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22
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Momic T, Katzhendler J, Shai E, Noy E, Senderowitz H, Eble JA, Marcinkiewicz C, Varon D, Lazarovici P. Vipegitide: a folded peptidomimetic partial antagonist of α2β1 integrin with antiplatelet aggregation activity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:291-304. [PMID: 25609915 PMCID: PMC4294129 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s72844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear peptides containing the sequence WKTSRTSHY were used as lead compounds to synthesize a novel peptidomimetic antagonist of α2β1 integrin, with platelet aggregation-inhibiting activity, named Vipegitide. Vipegitide is a 13-amino acid, folded peptidomimetic molecule, containing two α-aminoisobutyric acid residues at positions 6 and 8 and not stable in human serum. Substitution of glycine and tryptophan residues at positions 1 and 2, respectively, with a unit of two polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules yielded peptidomimetic Vipegitide-PEG2, stable in human serum for over 3 hours. Vipegitide and Vipegitide-PEG2 showed high potency (7×10(-10) M and 1.5×10(-10) M, respectively) and intermediate efficacy (40% and 35%, respectively) as well as selectivity toward α2 integrin in inhibition of adhesion of α1/α2 integrin overexpressing cells toward respective collagens. Interaction of both peptidomimetics with extracellular active domain of α2 integrin was confirmed in cell-free binding assay with recombinant α2 A-domain. Integrin α2β1 receptor is found on the platelet membrane and triggers collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Vipegitide and Vipegitide-PEG2 inhibited α2β1 integrin-mediated adhesion of human and murine platelets under the flow condition, by 50%. They efficiently blocked adenosine diphosphate- and collagen I-induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma and whole human blood. Higher potency of Vipegitide than Vipegitide-PEG2 is consistent with results of computer modeling of the molecules in water. These peptidomimetic molecules were acutely tolerated in mice upon intravenous bolus injection of 50 mg/kg. These results underline the potency of Vipegitide and Vipegitide-PEG2 molecules as platelet aggregation-inhibiting drug lead compounds in antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Momic
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jehoshua Katzhendler
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ela Shai
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Noy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Varon
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Taylor L, Vasudevan SR, Jones CI, Gibbins JM, Churchill GC, Campbell RD, Coxon CH. Discovery of novel GPVI receptor antagonists by structure-based repurposing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101209. [PMID: 24971515 PMCID: PMC4074120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate platelet aggregation creates a cardiovascular risk that is largely managed with thienopyridines and aspirin. Although effective, these drugs carry risks of increased bleeding and drug ‘resistance’, underpinning a drive for new antiplatelet agents. To discover such drugs, one strategy is to identify a suitable druggable target and then find small molecules that modulate it. A good and unexploited target is the platelet collagen receptor, GPVI, which promotes thrombus formation. To identify inhibitors of GPVI that are safe and bioavailable, we docked a FDA-approved drug library into the GPVI collagen-binding site in silico. We now report that losartan and cinanserin inhibit GPVI-mediated platelet activation in a selective, competitive and dose-dependent manner. This mechanism of action likely underpins the cardioprotective effects of losartan that could not be ascribed to its antihypertensive effects. We have, therefore, identified small molecule inhibitors of GPVI-mediated platelet activation, and also demonstrated the utility of structure-based repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sridhar R. Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris I. Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Hopkins Building, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Hopkins Building, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Grant C. Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. Duncan Campbell
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen H. Coxon
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Tourdot BE, Ahmed I, Holinstat M. The emerging role of oxylipins in thrombosis and diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4:176. [PMID: 24432004 PMCID: PMC3882718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the US, is predicted to increase due to the shift in age of the general population and increase in CVD risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. New therapies are required to decrease the prevalence of CVD risk factors (obesity and diabetes) as well as reduce atherothrombosis, the major cause of CVD related mortality. Oxylipins, bioactive metabolites derived from the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, play a role in the progression of CVD risk factors and thrombosis. Aspirin, a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, decreases atherothrombotic associated mortality by 25%. These potent effects of aspirin have shown the utility of modulating oxylipin signaling pathways to decrease CVD mortality. The role of many oxylipins in the progression of CVD, however, is still uncertain or controversial. An increased understanding of the role oxylipins play in CVD risk factors and thrombosis could lead to new therapies to decrease the prevalence of CVD and its associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Tourdot
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Intekhab Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA, USA
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Zhang W, Huang W, Jing F. Contribution of blood platelets to vascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease. J Blood Med 2013; 4:141-7. [PMID: 24235853 PMCID: PMC3825710 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s45071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the clinical setting, nearly 98% AD patients have CAA, and 75% of these patients are rated as severe CAA. It is characterized by the deposition of the β-amyloid peptide (mainly Aβ40) in the walls of cerebral vessels, which induces the degeneration of vessel wall components, reduces cerebral blood flow, and aggravates cognitive decline. Platelets are anuclear cell fragments from bone marrow megakaryocytes and their function in hemostasis and thrombosis has long been recognized. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that platelet activation can also mediate the onset and development of CAA. First, platelet activation and adhesion to a vessel wall is the initial step of vascular injury. Activated platelets contribute to more than 90% circulating Aβ (mainly Aβ1-40), which in turn activates platelets and results in the vicious cycle of Aβ overproduction in damaged vessel. Second, the uncontrolled activation of platelets leads to a chronic inflammatory reaction by secretion of chemokines (eg, platelet factor 4 [PF4], regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted [RANTES], and macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP-1α]), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-7, and IL-8), prostaglandins, and CD40 ligand (CD40L). The interaction of these biological response modulators with platelets, endothelial cells, and leukocytes establishes a localized inflammatory response that contributes to CAA formation. Finally, activated platelets are the upholder of fibrin clots, which are structurally abnormal and resistant to degradation in the presence of Aβ42. Thus, opinion has emerged that targeting blood platelets may provide a new avenue for anti-AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapy and Pharmaceutical Innovation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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