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Delfan M, Saeidi A, Supriya R, Escobar KA, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Enhancing cardiometabolic health: unveiling the synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training with spirulina supplementation on selected adipokines, insulin resistance, and anthropometric indices in obese males. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38454429 PMCID: PMC10921712 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and spirulina supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance, anthropometric indices, and cardiorespiratory fitness in 44 obese males (aged 25-40 years). The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), or training plus supplement (TSG). The intervention involved daily administration of either spirulina or a placebo and HIIT three times a week for the training groups. Anthropometric indices, HOMA-IR, VO2peak, and circulating adipokines (asprosin and lipocalin2, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin) were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Post-intervention analysis indicated differences between the CG and the three interventional groups for body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (%BF), HOMA-IR, and adipokine levels (p < 0.05). TG and SG participants had increased VO2peak (p < 0.05). Spirulina supplementation with HIIT increased VO2peak, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin, while causing decreases in lipocalin-2 and asprosin levels and improvements in body composition (weight, %fat), BMI, and HOMA-IR. Notably, the combination of spirulina and HIIT produced more significant changes in circulating adipokines and cardiometabolic health in obese males compared to either supplementation or HIIT alone (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the synergistic benefits of combining spirulina supplementation with HIIT, showcasing their potential in improving various health parameters and addressing obesity-related concerns in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Rashmi Supriya
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, SPEH, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kurt A Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, 9001, Switzerland.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Rennes, Santé, EA 1274, F-35000, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, 35850, France.
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Shabab S, Mahmoudabady M, Gholamnezhad Z, Fouladi M, Asghari AA. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats was attenuated by endurance exercise through the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23427. [PMID: 38163155 PMCID: PMC10757033 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as a ventricular dysfunction, is one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. Former evidence revealed the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on DCM. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic, metformin (300 mg/kg), HIIT, MICT, metformin + HIIT, and metformin + MICT diabetic groups. Serum biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indicators, gene expression of BCL2 and BAX, and histopathologic changes of cardiac tissue were assessed. Our analysis revealed an increase in fasting blood sugar (FBS), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in diabetes. Also, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and the total thiol were decreased, in contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in the cardiac tissue of the diabetic group. All of these changes were significantly ameliorated in diabetic animals treated with exercise and metformin + exercise. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as the infiltration of inflammatory cells, were decreased in the heart of all exercise training groups. Up-regulation of BCL2 and down-regulation of BAX gene expressions were observed in the cardiac tissue of all exercise-treated groups. In conclusion, HIIT and MICT exercises are effective in preventing DCM development. Exercise training, besides improving oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiac tissue, alleviates cardiac damage by modulating the apoptotic gene expression in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahtab Fouladi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Asghari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Serrano QA, Le Garf S, Martin V, Colson SS, Chevalier N. Is Physical Activity an Efficient Strategy to Control the Adverse Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Context of Obesity? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:883. [PMID: 38255955 PMCID: PMC10815489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects nearly 660 million adults worldwide and is known for its many comorbidities. Although the phenomenon of obesity is not fully understood, science regularly reveals new determinants of this pathology. Among them, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been recently highlighted. Mainly lipophilic, POPs are normally stored in adipose tissue and can lead to adverse metabolic effects when released into the bloodstream. The main objective of this narrative review is to discuss the different pathways by which physical activity may counteract POPs' adverse effects. The research that we carried out seems to indicate that physical activity could positively influence several pathways negatively influenced by POPs, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, lipid accumulation, adipogenesis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, that are associated with the development of obesity. This review also indicates how, through the controlled mobilization of POPs, physical activity could be a valuable approach to reduce the concentration of POPs in the bloodstream. These findings suggest that physical activity should be used to counteract the adverse effects of POPs. However, future studies should accurately assess its impact in specific situations such as bariatric surgery, where weight loss promotes POPs' blood release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
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Zhenyu L, Ying W, Zhuang T, Yongchao X, Kim J. Exercise-mediated macrophage polarization modulates the targeted therapeutic effect of NAFLD: a review. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:10-16. [PMID: 37946441 PMCID: PMC10636506 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to explore the exercise-mediated hepatic macrophage polarization mechanism and its effect on improving and regulating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by analyzing the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the cause of the influence of hepatic macrophage polarization. In addition to exploring the varied effects of different exercise types on macrophage polarization regulation in NAFLD, to provide a direction and basis for the treatment of NAFLD. METHODS The research methodology involved a comprehensive search of the PubMed database using specific keywords such as "NAFLD", "macrophage polarization", and "exercise", to retrieve relevant literature published. RESULTS (1) The main factors inducing NAFLD were high-fat diet, obesity, insulin resistance (IR), changes in gut microbiota, and genetic variation in susceptibility. (2) Drug treatment, nutrient induction, microfactor induction, physiological environment induction, and other factors can induce the polarization of hepatic macrophages and affect NAFLD. (3) Different intensities, types, and frequencies of exercise have different effects on polarization macrophages, and may also differently effects improving liver inflammation, fibrosis, and NAFLD. Curently, regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is the most effective therapy for treating NAFLD. CONCLUSION Approaches to ameliorate NAFLD with exercise involve strategies to alter macrophage polarization by inhibiting M1 or driving M2 activation. However, research on the different types of exercise-mediated macrophage polarization mechanisms and differences in therapeutic effects is not yet sufficient. Future research is necessary to explore the exact mechanisms and differences in the effects of different exercises on the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhenyu
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Ying
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tian Zhuang
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xie Yongchao
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Kim
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Daneshyar S, Tavoosidana G, Bahmani M, Basir SS, Delfan M, Laher I, Saeidi A, Granacher U, Zouhal H. Combined effects of high fat diet and exercise on autophagy in white adipose tissue of mice. Life Sci 2023; 314:121335. [PMID: 36587790 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effects of nutrition and exercise on autophagy are not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of high-fat diets (HFD) and exercise training (ET) on autophagy in white adipose tissue of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned into four groups of 7 mice per group: (1) Control, (2) high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFD-Ob), (3) exercise training (ET), and (4) high-fat diet with exercise training (HFD-ET). The HFD-Ob group was fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, while the ET group continuously ran on a treadmill for five sessions per week for seven weeks, and the HFD-ET group had both HFD and exercise training. qReal-time-PCR and western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels of autophagy markers in white adipose tissue. RESULTS Mice from the HFD group showed higher levels in autophagy-related gene5 (ATG5, p = 0.04), ATG7 (p = 0.002), cathepsin B (CTSB, p = 0.0004), LC3-II (p = 0.03) than control. Mice in the ET group displayed higher levels of genes for ATG7 (p = 0.0003), microtubule-associated protein1-light chain 3 (LC3, p = 0.05), lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2, p = 0.04) and cathepsin L (CTSL, p = 0.03) than control. Mice from the HFD-ET group had higher levels of genes for ATG7 (p = 0.05) and CTSL (p = 0.043) and lower levels of genes for CTSB (p = 0.045) compared to the HFD group and lower levels of LAMP2 (p = 0.02) compared to the ET group. CONCLUSION There were increases in autophagosome formation in the white adipose tissue from mice in the HFD and ET groups. A combination of HFD and ET enhances autophagosome formation and modulates lysosomal degradation in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Daneshyar
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Ayatollah Alozma Boroujerdi University, Lorestan, Iran; Department of Physical Education, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bahmani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokati Basir
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France.
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Cuenca-Martínez F, Sempere-Rubio N, Varangot-Reille C, Fernández-Carnero J, Suso-Martí L, Alba-Quesada P, Touche RL. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with a Meta-Regression and Mapping Report. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2532. [PMID: 36292221 PMCID: PMC9601160 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to assess the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on patients with musculoskeletal disorders. We conducted a search of Medline, Embase, PEDro, and Google Scholar. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of HIIT on pain intensity, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), disability, and quality of life (QoL). We employed the GRADE and PEDro scales to rate the quality, certainty, and applicability of the evidence. Results showed significant differences in pain intensity, with a moderate clinical-effect (SMD = -0.73; 95% CI: -1.40--0.06), and in VO2 max, with a moderate clinical-effect (SMD = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.42-0.97). However, the meta-analysis showed no statistically significant results for disability (SMD = -0.34; 95% CI: -0.92-0.24) and QoL (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI: -0.80-1.60). We compared HIIT against other exercise models for reducing pain intensity and increasing VO2 max. The meta-analysis showed no significant differences in favour of HIIT. Meta-regression analysis revealed that pain intensity scores were negatively associated with VO2 max (R2 = 82.99%, p = 0.003). There is low-moderate evidence that the HIIT intervention for patients with musculoskeletal disorders can reduce pain intensity and increase VO2 max but has no effect on disability and QoL. Results also showed that HIIT was not superior to other exercise models in reducing pain intensity and increasing VO2 max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Cuenca-Martínez
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Núria Sempere-Rubio
- UBIC, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clovis Varangot-Reille
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josué Fernández-Carnero
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Suso-Martí
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricio Alba-Quesada
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Roy La Touche
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), 28003 Madrid, Spain
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Alteration of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Hippocampus of Post-stroke Depression Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2052-2063. [PMID: 35469367 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common mental disorder in stroke survivors. However, its specific pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Previous studies suggested a role of hippocampus in PSD. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the lipid metabolic signatures in hippocampus of PSD rats. Here, the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to identify the lipid metabolic signatures in the hippocampus of PSD, control and stroke rats. Then, correlations between behavior indices and differential lipid metabolites in PSD rats were explored. Pathway and enrichment analysis were further conducted to uncover the crucial metabolic pathways related to PSD. Finally, we found that the lipid metabolic phenotype in hippocampus of PSD rats was substantially different from that in control and stroke rats, and identified 50 key lipid metabolites that were significantly decreased in PSD rats. These differential metabolites were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Meanwhile, the sucrose preference and immobility time were found to be significantly positively and negatively, respectively, correlated with glycerophospholipid metabolites. The pathway and enrichment analysis showed that the glycerophospholipid metabolism, especially cardiolipin metabolism, was significantly disturbed in PSD rats. These results suggested that the down-regulated glycerophospholipids in hippocampus, especially cardiolipin, might participate in the pathophysiology of PSD. Our findings would be helpful for future exploring the pathophysiology of PSD.
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Turner L, Santosa S. Putting ATM to BED: How Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Affected by Bariatric Surgery, Exercise, and Dietary Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1893-1910. [PMID: 33979430 PMCID: PMC8483961 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing adiposity in obesity, adipose tissue macrophages contribute to adipose tissue malfunction and increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines. The chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity ultimately gives rise to a state of metainflammation that increases the risk of metabolic disease. To date, only lifestyle and surgical interventions have been shown to be somewhat effective at reversing the negative consequences of obesity and restoring adipose tissue homeostasis. Exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery result in immunomodulation, and for some individuals their effects are significant with or without weight loss. Robust evidence suggests that these interventions reduce chronic inflammation, in part, by affecting macrophage infiltration and promoting a phenotypic switch from the M1- to M2-like macrophages. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary fatty acids, exercise, and bariatric surgery on cellular characteristics affecting adipose tissue macrophage presence and phenotypes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dupuit M, Chavanelle V, Chassaing B, Perriere F, Etienne M, Plissonneau C, Boscaro A, Barnich N, Pialoux V, Maugard T, Le Joubioux F, Peltier S, Sirvent P, Otero YF, Boisseau N. The TOTUM-63 Supplement and High-Intensity Interval Training Combination Limits Weight Gain, Improves Glycemic Control, and Influences the Composition of Gut Mucosa-Associated Bacteria in Rats on a High Fat Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051569. [PMID: 34066988 PMCID: PMC8151333 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and prediabetes are the two strongest risk factors of type 2 diabetes. It has been reported that TOTUM-63, a polyphenol-rich plant extract, has beneficial effects on body weight (BW) and insulin resistance in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The study aim was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or TOTUM-63 supplementation improved body composition and glycemic control and gut microbiota composition in a Western diet-induced obesity rat model. Wistar rats received a standard diet (CTRL; control; n = 12) or HFD (HFD; n = 48) for 16 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided in four groups: HFD, HFD + TOTUM-63 (T63), HFD + HIIT (HIIT), and HFD + HIIT +T63 (HIIT + T63). Training was performed 4 days/week for 12 weeks. TOTUM-63 was included in diet composition (2%). The HIIT + T63 combination significantly limited BW gain, without any energy intake modulation, and improved glycemic control. BW variation was correlated with increased α-diversity of the colon mucosa microbiota in the HIIT + T63 group. Moreover, the relative abundance of Anaeroplasma, Christensenellaceae and Oscillospira was higher in the HIIT + T63 group. Altogether, these results suggest that the HIIT and TOTUM-63 combination could be proposed for the management of obesity and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Dupuit
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Vivien Chavanelle
- Valbiotis R&D, Riom Center, 63200 Riom, France; (V.C.); (P.S.); (Y.F.O.)
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Inserm U1016, Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Fanny Perriere
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Monique Etienne
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Claire Plissonneau
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Audrey Boscaro
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAE 2018, Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de la Biologie et de la Motricité (LIBM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, 69266 Villeurbane, France;
| | - Thierry Maugard
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe BCBS, La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France;
| | - Florian Le Joubioux
- Valbiotis R&D, La Rochelle Center, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (F.L.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Sébastien Peltier
- Valbiotis R&D, La Rochelle Center, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (F.L.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Pascal Sirvent
- Valbiotis R&D, Riom Center, 63200 Riom, France; (V.C.); (P.S.); (Y.F.O.)
| | - Yolanda F. Otero
- Valbiotis R&D, Riom Center, 63200 Riom, France; (V.C.); (P.S.); (Y.F.O.)
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-73-40-55-19
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10
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Pezhman L, Tahrani A, Chimen M. Dysregulation of Leukocyte Trafficking in Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Avenues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624184. [PMID: 33692997 PMCID: PMC7937619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired insulin signaling which in addition to be caused by common metabolic dysregulations, have also been associated to changes in various immune cell number, function and activation phenotype. Obesity plays a central role in the development of T2DM. The inflammation originating from obese adipose tissue develops systemically and contributes to insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can also contribute to chronic, low-grade inflammation resulting in compromised immune function. In this review, we explore how the trafficking of innate and adaptive immune cells under inflammatory condition is dysregulated in T2DM. We particularly highlight the obesity-related accumulation of leukocytes in the adipose tissue leading to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction and resulting in hyperglycemia and consequent changes of adhesion and migratory behavior of leukocytes in different vascular beds. Thus, here we discuss how potential therapeutic targeting of leukocyte trafficking could be an efficient way to control inflammation as well as diabetes and its vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pezhman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abd Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Alexandre-Santos B, Alves R, Matsuura C, Sepúlveda-Fragoso V, Velasco LL, Machado MV, Vieira AB, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, Tibiriçá E, Nóbrega ACLD, Magliano DC, Frantz EDC. Modulation of cardiac renin-angiotensin system, redox status and inflammatory profile by different volumes of aerobic exercise training in obese rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:125-136. [PMID: 32580045 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the classical arm of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) occurs during inflammation, oxidative stress and obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. The activation of the protective arm of RAS may act to counterbalance the deleterious effects of the classical RAS. Although aerobic exercise training (AET) shifts the balance of the RAS towards the protective arm, little is known about the molecular adaptations to different volumes of AET. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of AET volume on the modulation of RAS, as well as on cardiac biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, in a diet-induced obesity model. Male Wistar rats were fed either control (CON) or high fat (HF) diet for 32 weeks. At week 20, HF group was subdivided into sedentary, low (LEV, 150 min/week) or high (HEV, 300 min/week) exercise volume. After 12 weeks of exercise, body mass gain, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated, as well as RAS, oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart. Body mass gain, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were higher in HF group when compared with SC group. Both trained groups restored systolic blood pressure and heart rate, but only HEV reduced body mass gain. Regarding the cardiac RAS, the HF group exhibited favoring of the classical arm and both trained groups shifted the balance towards the counterregulatory protective arm. The HF group had higher B1R expression and lower B2R expression than the control group, and B2R expression was reverted in both trained groups. The HF group also presented oxidative stress. The LEV and HEV groups improved the cardiac redox status by reducing Nox 2 and nitrotyrosine expression, but only the LEV group was able to increase the antioxidant defense by increasing Nrf2 signaling. While the HF group presented higher TNF-α, IL-6 and NFκB expression, and lower IL-10 expression, than the SC group, both training protocols improved the inflammatory profile. Although both trained groups improved the deleterious changes related to obesity cardiomyopathy, it is clear that the molecular mechanisms differ between them. Our results suggest that different exercise volumes might reach different molecular targets, and this could be a relevant factor when using exercise to manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Alves
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Sepúlveda-Fragoso
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinícius Machado
- Biomedical Science Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Bomfim Vieira
- Biomedical Science Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT Physical (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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