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Braimah JA, Achore M, Dery F, Ayanore MA, Bisung E, Kuuire V. Do self-rated health and previous vaccine uptake influence the willingness to accept MPOX vaccine during a public health emergency of concern? A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003564. [PMID: 39146333 PMCID: PMC11326589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Monkeypox (MPOX) was declared a global public health emergency of international concern in July 2022. Vaccinations may be an essential strategy to prevent MPOX infections and reduce their impact on populations, especially among at-risk populations. However, less is known about the factors associated with people's willingness to accept the MPOX vaccine in resource-constrained settings. In this study, we examine the associations between self-rated health, previous vaccine uptake, and people's willingness to accept the MPOX vaccine using cross-sectional data from four major cities in Ghana. The data were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression techniques. We found that the acceptance of the MPOX vaccine is generally low (approximately 32%) in Ghana. The regression analysis reveals that individuals who did not receive vaccines in the past are much less likely to get the MPOX vaccine (AOR:.28; 95% CI:.62-2.37). The association between self-rated health and vaccine acceptance (AOR: 1.22; 95% CI:.62-2.37) disappeared after we accounted for covariates. Based on these findings, we conclude that vaccine uptake history may be critical to people's uptake of the MPOX vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Asumah Braimah
- Department of Public Health, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, United States of America
| | - Meshack Achore
- Department of Population Health, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Florence Dery
- Department of Geography, Geomatics & Environment, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin A Ayanore
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Elijah Bisung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Kuuire
- Department of Geography, Geomatics & Environment, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Kassie Getahun G, Sefefe H, Shitemaw T, Yirsaw Wubete B. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated determinants in Addis Ketema Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A community-based study. Vaccine X 2024; 18:100481. [PMID: 38559754 PMCID: PMC10979260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the global surge in the Corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, people's efforts to combat the pandemic have been insufficient. The world has experienced a number of challenges in terms of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Therefore, understanding the community's willingness to receive the vaccine will aid in the creation and implementation of effective COVID-19 immunization. As a result, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study with 419 household heads was undertaken in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To identify factors associated with the outcome and independent variables, bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were used. A 95% confidence interval and a p-value of less than 0.05 were deemed sufficient to declare a significant association. Results The level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 46.3 % (95 % CI: 43.87-48.73). Moreover, age groups above 58 years (AOR = 0.38, 95: CI: 0.17, 0.84), chronic disease (AOR: 2.09, 95 % CI: 1.28-3.42), a positive attitude (AOR: 1.64, 95 % CI: 1.29-2.04), being a Muslim (AOR: 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.19-0.71) and social support (AOR: 1.7, 95 % CI: 1.04-2.79) were all significantly related to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion The findings of this study revealed a lower rate of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Age, chronic disease, attitude, and social support were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Therefore, emphasis should be given for community mobilization, especially for the elderly, those with limited social engagement, and those who have a negative attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tewodros Shitemaw
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wassie GT, Ambelie YA, Adebabay T, Yeshiwas AG, Fenta ET, Abebe EC, Wassie GT, Adella GA, Anley DT. Covid-19 vaccine uptake and its associated factors among adult population in Dangila district, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A mixed method study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302531. [PMID: 38743644 PMCID: PMC11093357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is the most cost-effective approach that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality related to Coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, there is a lack of information on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake and related factors in Ethiopia including the research area. OBJECTIVE To assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its associated factors among adult population in Dangila District, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023. METHODS A community-based mixed-type study design was conducted from Oct, 15-Nov 15/2022. The study population was chosen using the multistage stratified random sampling technique for the quantitative study and the purposive sampling method for the qualitative inquiry. The collected data were managed and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to identify factors associated with vaccine uptakes. In the qualitative part of the study, key informant interview was applied. After the interview was listened, the transcripts were coded and categorized into themes, and analyzed using Atlas.ti 7 software. Finally, the finding was triangulated with the quantitative results. RESULT The vaccine uptake among the adult population was found to be 47% (95% CL: 42.7%, 51.0%). History of having test for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.84), good knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine (AOR; 3.12, 95% CI; 2.11, 4.59), no formal education (AOR: 1.78, 95%: 1.26, 2.58), good attitude (AOR: 3.21, 95% CI: 2.13, 4.89), being in poor Income category (AOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.06), being female (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.58) and living in rural area (AOR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.87, 5.12) were significantly associated with vaccine uptake rate. The study also identified that misperceptions about the vaccine efficacy and safety, availability of vaccine, lack of knowledge about the vaccine, mistrust of the corona virus vaccine, fear of adverse effects, social media influence and religious beliefs were found to be barriers of COVID -19 vaccine uptake. CONCLUSION In the Dangila district, adult population vaccination uptake for COVID-19 was comparatively low. To raise the rate of vaccination uptake, interventions must focus on the identified modifiable factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeshambel Agumas Ambelie
- Health System Leadership Director, Leadership Development Program, Department of Health System Management, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Adebabay
- School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Almaw Genet Yeshiwas
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Eneyew Talie Fenta
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Tadesse Wassie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Asmare Adella
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Woliata Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Denekew Tenaw Anley
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Yibeltal K, Workneh F, Melesse H, Wolde H, Kidane WT, Berhane Y, Herzig van Wees S. 'God protects us from death through faith and science': a qualitative study on the role of faith leaders in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and in building COVID-19 vaccine trust in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e071566. [PMID: 38653509 PMCID: PMC11043698 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored faith leaders' perspectives on the COVID-19 vaccine and their role in building COVID-19 vaccine trust in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DESIGN A qualitative study with in-depth interviews and thematic analysis was conducted. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one faith leaders from the seven religious groups represented in the Inter-Religious Council of Ethiopia participated in the study. SETTING The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RESULTS The thematic analysis revealed three themes. First, faith leaders were aware of the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic, although most ascribed a spiritual meaning to the advent of the pandemic. The pandemic seriously affected the faith communities, inflicting financial losses. Second, faith leaders were essential allies during the pandemic by effectively collaborating with government and health professionals in COVID-19 prevention activities and public health interventions using spiritual reasoning. They were actively informing the community about the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine, where many faith leaders were publicly vaccinated to build trust in the vaccine and act as role models. Third, despite this, they faced multiple questions from the congregation about the vaccine, including rumours. CONCLUSIONS This research showed that faith leaders played crucial roles in encouraging vaccine use but were limited in their persuasion power because of intense rumours and misinformation. Empowering faith leaders with the latest vaccine evidence needs to be prioritised in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalkidan Yibeltal
- Department of Reproductive Health and Population, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Firehiwot Workneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanna Melesse
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Workagegnhu Tarekegn Kidane
- Department of Nutrition and Behavioral Sciences, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Daama A, Rashid N, Asani K, Nalwoga GK, Nalugoda F, Bulamba R, Kyasanku E, Nakigozi G, Kigozi G, Kagaayi J, Mugamba S. Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines, associated factors and reasons for not taking a vaccine: a cross sectional study among persons aged 13-80 years in Wakiso, Central Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:391. [PMID: 38605355 PMCID: PMC11008005 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination has been recommended as one of the approaches for the control of COVID-19 pandemic. However, adequate vaccine coverage is critical to the effectiveness of the vaccine at population level. Data on acceptability of the vaccine in Ugandan urban areas are limited. This study examined the prevalence, factors associated with willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine including reasons for not taking COVID-19 vaccine in a predominantly urban population of Wakiso, central Uganda. METHODS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted between March 1st, 2021 and September 30th, 2021 in the urban population-based cohort of the Africa Medical and behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO). A Multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals of willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS A total of 1,903 participants were enrolled in this study; 61% of whom were females. About 63% of participants indicated their willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Persons aged 13-19 years (aPR = 0.79; [95% CI: 0.74, 0.84]) or 20-29years (aPR = 0.93; [95% CI: 0.88, 0.98]) were less likely to accept the vaccine compared to persons aged 40-49 years. Persons with post-primary level of education (aPR = 1.05; [95% CI: 1.02, 1.09]) were more likely to accept the vaccine compared to persons with primary level of education. Additionally, students or individuals working in government (aPR = 1.13; [95% CI: 1.04, 1.23]) were more likely to accept the vaccine compared to individuals doing construction and Mechanic work as their main occupation. Reported reasons for not taking a COVID-19 vaccine included; concerns about side effects of the vaccine 154(57.0%), 64(23.7%) did not think the vaccines were effective, while 32(11.9%) did not like the vaccines. CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of individuals were not willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Health education campaigns on vaccination within urban communities could help reduce COVID-19 vaccine misconceptions in the urban populations more especially the young and persons with low levels of formal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Daama
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization, Nansana, Uganda.
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Naziru Rashid
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Islamic University, Mbale, Uganda
- Mayuge Institute of Global Health Sciences Research and Innovation, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kasango Asani
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Fred Nalugoda
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization, Nansana, Uganda
| | - Robert Bulamba
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization, Nansana, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Kyasanku
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization, Nansana, Uganda
| | - Gertrude Nakigozi
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization, Nansana, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Kigozi
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization, Nansana, Uganda
| | - Joseph Kagaayi
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Mugamba
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization, Nansana, Uganda
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Marinda E, Mathentamo Q, Coulson N, Parker S, Dmc Katoto P, Houston G, Magampa M, Pillay N, Ngungu M, Wiysonge CS, van Rooyen H. Impact evaluation of a youth led intervention to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Vaccine 2024; 42:2089-2098. [PMID: 38423816 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccination rates in South Africa remain low at 51% of the adult population being fully vaccinated, defined as having two shorts of the COVID-19 vaccine with or without a booster. To improve vaccine uptake, a community-based intervention was tested in a high vaccine hesitancy community in South Africa. Trained community youths used social media, face to face interactions, door to door and neighbourhood outreach activities to deliver the intervention. METHODS To assess if the intervention had an impact, data was collected before the intervention and after the intervention in two districts, Wentworth an intervention site and Newlands East a control site. Both districts are in KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa. The following outcomes, changes on perceptions and knowledge about COVID-19, intention to get vaccinated for those who were not fully vaccinated and vaccination uptake were assessed using difference-in-difference methods applied through Augmented Inverse-Probability Weighting and contrasts of Potential Outcome Means (POM). RESULTS One thousand, one hundred and fifty (1 150) participants agreed to take part in the study at baseline, and 916 (80%) were followed up after the 9-week intervention period. Intention to get vaccinated for COVID-19 was higher (difference-in-difference, DID 20%, 95% CI 6% - 35% higher), more people were fully vaccinated (DID 10%, 95% CI 0% - 20%) or partially vaccinated (DID 16%, 95% CI 6% - 26%) in Wentworth the intervention site compared to Newlands East, the control site. There were noticeable increases on the percentage of study participants indicating trust on the Government's COVID 19 programme, from 24% at baseline to 48% after the intervention in the intervention group than in the control group, 26% baseline and 29% at follow-up. There was a 10% (absolute) increase on the percentage of participants' saying they believed health care workers provided reliable information, 58% at baseline and 68% at follow-up in the intervention group, but there was little change in the control group 56% and 57% for baseline and follow-up respectively. CONCLUSION The youth-led intervention implemented in Wentworth, a community with a high rate of vaccine hesitancy, was effective in increasing vaccination uptake. Given the low COVID-19 vaccine coverage in South Africa and across the African region, as well as the new emerging variant of concern (XBB 1.5), there is an urgent need to scale up such intervention at the community level to address persistent misinformation and promote vaccine equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmore Marinda
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | | | - Nancy Coulson
- The Sarraounia Public Health Trust, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Wits Mining Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | | | - Patrick Dmc Katoto
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Centre for General Medicine and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nirvana Pillay
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; The Sarraounia Public Health Trust, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Mercy Ngungu
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles S Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa; HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Heidi van Rooyen
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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Alie MS, Abebe GF, Negesse Y, Girma D, Adugna A. Pandemic fatigue, behavioral intention and predictors of COVID-19 vaccination among individuals living with HIV in Bench Sheko Zone, in Southern Ethiopia, application of TBP: a facility based cross sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1305777. [PMID: 38476495 PMCID: PMC10927957 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1305777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction People living with HIV often face inequalities and negative outcomes, which make them vulnerable. To protect this population and achieve herd immunity, it is crucial for COVID-19 vaccination efforts to prioritize and encourage vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, in Ethiopia, there is a lack of motivation in this regard. To tackle this issue, a study was conducted in the Bench Sheko Zone of Southwest Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess pandemic fatigue, behavioral intention to get vaccinated, and factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among PLWH in that region. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals living with HIV who were over 18 years old in Bench-Sheko Zone, located in Southwest Ethiopia. The study included a total of 590 participants from four ART healthcare facilities within the zone. The researchers utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine the predictors of intention to use preconception care. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine these predictors, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered as indicative of a significant association. The final analysis of the study involved the use of linear regression analysis, and the measure of association was presented as the standardized B coefficient following a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Result In the conducted study, the response rate was an impressive 98%. The researchers aimed to investigate the behavioral intention toward the COVID-19 vaccine, which was found to be 55.7%. The average age of the participants in the study was 34.65 ± 6.67. The study was the assessment of pandemic fatigue, which had a mean value of 17.22 ± 5.28. During the multivariate linear regression analysis, four predictor variables were identified. Among these, three variables, namely subjective norm, pandemic fatigue, and age, positively influenced the behavioral intention toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Comprehending these factors can assist healthcare professionals and policymakers in formulating precise interventions and strategies aimed at enhancing the acceptance and adoption of vaccines. Conclusion The study indicates that individuals living with HIV have shown lower vaccine intention compared to previous research. The study identifies subjective norm, pandemic control measures, income, and age as predictors of individuals' intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melsew Setegn Alie
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Gossa Fetene Abebe
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Negesse
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Girma
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Adugna
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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Derseh MT, Ambaye AS, Yayehrad AT, Abebe A, Wobie Y, Assefa E. Willingness to Embrace COVID-19 Vaccination Amongst Residents in a Low-Income Nation: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Study on a Limited Cohort. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241237697. [PMID: 38469854 PMCID: PMC10935754 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241237697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The global pandemic had a significant impact on countries around the world, both politically and socioeconomically. It is crucial that swift decisions and actions need to be taken to prevent negative outcomes. The development of vaccines has emerged as a potential necessity for countries worldwide. Ethiopia began vaccinating health professionals and high-risk individuals in March 2021, according to a report from the World Health Organization citing the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. This study aimed to assess the determinants of willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among Debre Markos city administration residents. A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to recruit 845 individuals as a sample. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used as statistical analysis techniques. Among the total 845 samples, the overall response rate was 98.34%. Two hundred forty-two participants showed their willingness to receive vaccines. Age (AOR = 2.56; 95%CI = [1.87-3.23]), sex (Female) (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI = [2.07-5.26]), having children (AOR = 1.21; 95% CI = [1.02-1.90]), and Chronic Disease (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI = [1.67-3.50]) were significantly and positively associated with willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccines at 95% CI. Although most of the participants were aware of the possibility of COVID-19 to cause fever; and its transmission, only a small percentage of the total participants showed their willingness to receive the vaccine if it was available to them. Elderly and individuals with chronic diseases need to get a priority of taking those vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaye Tamrie Derseh
- Departement of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Abyou Seyfu Ambaye
- Departement of Pharmacy, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abinet Abebe
- Depatment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Wobie
- Depatment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Erkihun Assefa
- Depatment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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Faraz A, Hina M, Atif A, Sumbul D, Mahmood SE, Riaz F, Khan MS, Ahmad A, Ahmad MT, Parvez A, Zeyaullah M. Knowledge, acceptance, motivators and barriers of booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination among dental patients: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35747. [PMID: 37960831 PMCID: PMC10637537 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the lingering threat of COVID infection, questions are being raised if coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine needs annual or regular boosters to maintain high levels of immunity against both the original virus and variants. This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, acceptance, motivators and barriers of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the dental patients of District Lucknow, India. A total of 297 respondents were selected by a convenience sampling method in this cross-sectional study from various dental clinics. An anonymous, self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire was used. Overall 37.7% respondents reported to have taken all 3 doses and 57.9% had taken single/double doses. Correct information about booster doses shows a significant association with the number of doses taken. The majority had information about the availability of the Pfizer booster vaccine (69.0%). About 58% of participants had information about the technology used in booster doses. The hesitancy for booster doses and the development of natural immunity by infection show significant associations with the number of doses taken. Only 18.2% patients had hesitation about the booster dose and most of them 78.8% recommended others to take the booster vaccine as soon as possible. The majority assumed that previous COVID-19 vaccines can help them get immune (21.5%) followed by not much research has been done on the booster vaccines (15.5%) and their chronic diseases warn them against the booster dose administration (12.5%). Nearly 18.2% of respondents had hesitation about booster dose and less than one third of the respondents trusted a government source for information about booster dose of COVID vaccine. Nearly 36 % did not know that the booster dose of COVID vaccine is available at health centers. Dental health professionals and policymakers should implement and support strategies to ensure people are vaccinated for COVID-19 booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Faraz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow UP, India
| | - Malik Hina
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow UP, India
| | - Ali Atif
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Dr Sumbul
- Department of Anatomy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Syed E Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Riaz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Tauheed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashib Parvez
- Department of Community Medicine F.H. Medical College, Etmadpur, Agra, UP, India
| | - Md Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Huka AE, Alemeyehu L, Jara D, Ayele A, Shifa T. Predictors of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine among adults. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1240557. [PMID: 38455924 PMCID: PMC10911030 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1240557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Vaccines are an effective and ultimate solution that can decrease the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 worldwide. However, poor knowledge and unwillingness to accept this vaccine are key barriers to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries including Ethiopia. Control of the pandemic will depend on the acceptance of coronavirus disease vaccine. However, there is a paucity of evidence on coronavirus disease vaccine acceptance in the study area. The current study was aimed to assess willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among adult clients attending Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, West Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 study participants selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected through observation and structured questionnaires from April 10 to May 30, 2022. The collected data was cleaned and entered into EpiData 3.1 software before being exported to SPSS 25 statistical software for analysis. Bi-variable and multi-variable binary logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The strength of association was measured using AOR with 95% confidence interval and significance was declared at p- value < 0.05. Result Magnitude of willingness to accept coronavirus disease-19 vaccine was 67.5% (95%Cl: 63-72). Good knowledge [AOR = 2.07, (1.17-3.64)], history of chronic disease [AOR = 2.59, (1.4-4.78)], being a government employee [AOR = 2.35 (1.1-5)], having a favorable attitude [AOR = 14.15 (5.25-37.46)], and good adherence [AOR = 1.74 (1.02-2.97)] were factors that significantly associated with willingness to accept the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. Conclusion Magnitude of willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was considerable and needs to be improved. Knowledge, attitude, chronic illness, adherence, and being a government employee were factors that associated with willingness to accept the vaccine. Community awareness, advocacy, social mobilization and health education should be given at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alo Edin Huka
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
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Abubakari SW, Workneh F, Asante KP, Hemler EC, Madzorera I, Wang D, Ismail A, Assefa N, Azemraw T, Lankoande B, Nuhu AR, Chukwu A, Mapendo F, Millogo O, Olufemi AA, Okpara D, Boudo V, Mwanyika-Sando M, Berhane Y, Baernighausen T, Oduola A, Vuai S, Sie A, Soura A, Killewo J, Tajudeen R, Fawzi WW, Smith ER. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine readiness and hesitancy among adults in sub-Saharan Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000713. [PMID: 37450441 PMCID: PMC10348558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
There is very limited data on the extent and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults living in sub-Saharan Africa since the global roll-out of vaccines began in 2021. This multi-country survey sought to investigate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and other predictors of readiness to get vaccinated. We conducted surveys among adults residing in nine urban and rural areas in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania in late 2021. Log binomial regression models were used to identify prevalence and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and beliefs around COVID-19 misinformation. We completed a total of 2,833 interviews. Among all respondents, 9% had never heard of a COVID-19 vaccine, 12% had been vaccinated, and 20% knew someone else who had been vaccinated. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy varied by country (Ethiopia 29%, Burkina Faso 33%, Nigeria 34%, Ghana 42%, Tanzania 65%), but not by rural or urban context. People who did not think the vaccine was safe or effective, or who were unsure about it, were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. Those who reported they did not have a trusted source of information about the vaccine (aPR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18,1.31) and those who thought the vaccine would not be made available to them within the year were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. Women were more likely to be vaccine hesitant (aPR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19,1.43) and believe COVID-19 falsehoods (aPR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02,1.08). The most commonly believed falsehoods were that the vaccine was developed too fast and that there was not enough information about whether the vaccine was effective or not. Educational campaigns targeted at misinformation and tailored to suit each country are recommended to build trust in COVID-19 vaccines and reduce hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulemana Watara Abubakari
- Research and Development Division, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Firehiwot Workneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Research and Development Division, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Elena C. Hemler
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abbas Ismail
- College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Azemraw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bruno Lankoande
- Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdul Razak Nuhu
- Research and Development Division, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Angela Chukwu
- Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Frank Mapendo
- Africa Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Adedokun A. Olufemi
- University of Ibadan Research Foundation, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Okpara
- University of Ibadan Research Foundation, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Till Baernighausen
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Ayoade Oduola
- University of Ibadan Research Foundation, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Said Vuai
- College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Ali Sie
- Nouna Health Research Center, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdramane Soura
- Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Japhet Killewo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Raji Tajudeen
- Division of Public Health Institutes and Research, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wafaie W. Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Smith
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Fikadu W, Addissie A, Kifle A. Uptake of the COVID-19 Vaccination and Associated Factors Among Health Care Providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4519-4534. [PMID: 37457793 PMCID: PMC10349570 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s416781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 vaccine is intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As a result, 12 billion doses of the COVID-19 vaccination have been given globally as of August 1, 2022. Due to occupational exposure, health professionals obtained priority for COVID-19 vaccination. However, despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines in countries, there is a discrepancy in the uptake of vaccine among different populations including Health-Care Providers. Objective Assessments of the factors associated with uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among health-care providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2022. Methods From June 10 to July 10, 2022, a facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, involving 473 health-care professionals, used descriptive statistics to summarize the participant's characteristics, and multivariable logistic regression to analyze factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination uptake. P-value <0.05 was used to determine the level of significance. Results The response rate of the participants was 94.2%. The uptake rate of COVID-19 vaccine among health-care providers was 359 (75.8%). Vaccine uptake was positively associated with higher perceived concerns regarding COVID-19 [AOR = 7.45, (4.041-13.754)], higher monthly income, [AOR: 2.623 (1.398 -4.923)] compared those who earned lower, being married [AOR: 2.114, (1.068-4.181)] and being advanced age (36-45) years old [AOR =0.486 (0.258-0.916)] compared to 18-26 years old. However, being female professional reduced the odds of vaccine uptake [AOR = 0.486 (CI; 0.258-0.916)] in contrast of their counterpart. Conclusion The uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among health professionals is relatively higher than in earlier reports. However, this was not yet sufficient for the level required to achieve herd immunity. Hence, the Ministry of health should work in collaboration to address concerns about the safety and effectiveness of COVI D-19 vaccine to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Moreover, Health professionals, social media, regular media outlet should strengthen health education on concerns of covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worku Fikadu
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemt, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Addissie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Awgichew Kifle
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Alemu D, Diribsa T, Debelew GT. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescents. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:1271-1280. [PMID: 37214557 PMCID: PMC10199707 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s400972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, COVID-19 disease is a major public health issue that affects a large number of people worldwide. The COVID-19 vaccine is one of the best preventative measures. Adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 are eligible to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The COVID-19 pandemic cannot be stopped if people are reluctant to use this vaccine. However, the extent of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and related variables among adolescents are not well understood. Objectives To assess the magnitude of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors among adolescents in Seka Chekorsa town, Jimma, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questions. Data collected was checked for completeness and entered into EPI data version 3.1. Finally, data were exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. The bivariate analysis was used to identify variables eligible for multivariate logistic regressions. In a multivariable analysis to identify factors that have statistically significant association, a p value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were used. The qualitative data were triangulated with quantitative data. Results In this study, 379 adolescents were participated, yielding a response rate of 95.2%. The magnitude of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents was 29% (95% CI: 24.3-33.5%). Being female (AOR = 1.89, 95%, 1.81-3.56), primary education (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.26-3.56), source information from social media (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.06-5.57), poor knowledge about COVID-19 disease (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.66-6.12), unfavorable attitude (AOR = 5.2, 95% CI: 2.76-9.79) and poor knowledge towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 5.66, 95% CI, 2.91-11.0) were associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents. Conclusion This study shows that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents is very high. Being female, poor knowledge towards COVID-19 disease and the vaccine, an unfavorable attitude and social media were factors significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Alemu
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tujuba Diribsa
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gurmesa Tura Debelew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Naidoo D, Meyer-Weitz A, Govender K. Factors Influencing the Intention and Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines on the African Continent: A Scoping Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040873. [PMID: 37112785 PMCID: PMC10146577 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a severe concern worldwide, particularly in Africa. Vaccines are crucial in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review examined existing literature from 2020 to 2022 on individual, interpersonal, and structural barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination within Africa to facilitate more informed health promotion interventions to improve vaccine uptake. This review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework. A comprehensive search was undertaken from 2021 to 2022 using six electronic databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, WorldCat Discovery, and Google Scholar. Data was collected, charted into themes, and summarized using a standard data extraction sheet in Microsoft Excel. A total of forty (n = 40) published academic articles were reviewed, with many conducted in Nigeria (n = 10), followed by Ethiopia (n = 5) and Ghana (n = 4) and the rest elsewhere in Africa. Thematic narratives were used to report data into six themes: attitudes and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines, intention to uptake COVID-19 vaccines; factors and barriers associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake; socio-demographic determinants affecting the intention and uptake; and information sources for COVID-19 vaccines. The intention for uptake ranged from 25% to 80.9%, resulting in a suboptimal uptake intention rate (54.2%) on the African continent. Factors that promoted vaccine acceptance included confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines and the desire to protect people. Age, education, and gender were the most common factors significantly associated with vaccine acceptance. Most studies revealed that considerable barriers to vaccine uptake exist in Africa. Concerns about potential side effects, vaccine ineffectiveness, a perceived lack of information, and inaccessibility were among the individual, interpersonal, and structural barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was strongly correlated with being female. Mass and social media were the main sources of information regarding COVID-19 vaccines. To encourage vaccine uptake, governments should pay attention to refuting misinformation through integrated community-based approaches, such as creating messages that convey more than just information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Naidoo
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Health Promotion Unit, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X9051, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa
| | - Anna Meyer-Weitz
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Kaymarlin Govender
- HEARD, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Getachew T, Negash A, Degefa M, Lami M, Balis B, Debela A, Gemechu K, Shiferaw K, Nigussie K, Bekele H, Oljira A, Eyeberu A, Dessie Y, Alemu A, Sertsu A. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model: multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070551. [PMID: 36958789 PMCID: PMC10039978 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunization is still one of the best ways to reduce viral-related morbidity and mortality . Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. METHOD A multicentred facility-based cross-sectional study design was utilised. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select 420 study participants. The characteristics of individuals were described using descriptive statistical analysis such as frequency, median and IQR. Mean was used for health belief model components. The association was assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression and described by the OR along with a 95% CI. Finally, a p-value<0.05 in the adjusted analysis was used to declare a significant association. OUTCOME MEASURE COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors. RESULT A total of 412 adult clients were interviewed, with a response rate of 98.1%. Of the total study participants, 225 (54.6%; 95% CI: 50.0% to -59.7%) were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Age≥46 (adjusted OR, AOR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.35- to 9.86), college and above level of education (AOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.30- to 4.81), having health insurance (AOR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.11- to 2.87) and experiencing chronic disease (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.02- to 3.77) were predictor variables. Also, components of the health belief model were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the adult population was low compared to other study. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were age, college and above level of education, having a chronic disease, having health insurance, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit and perceived barrier.Improving awareness about COVID-19 among all sections of the population is crucial to improving vaccine acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Negash
- Haramaya University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Dire Dawa, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Degefa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Magarsa Lami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debela
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Gemechu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Kasiye Shiferaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sertsu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Ruiz FJ, Torres-Rueda S, Pearson CAB, Bergren E, Okeke C, Procter SR, Madriz-Montero A, Jit M, Vassall A, Uzochukwu BSC. What, how and who: Cost-effectiveness analyses of COVID-19 vaccination to inform key policies in Nigeria. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001693. [PMID: 36963054 PMCID: PMC10032534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
While safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines have achieved high coverage in high-income settings, roll-out remains slow in sub-Saharan Africa. By April 2022, Nigeria, a country of over 200 million people, had only distributed 34 million doses. To ensure the optimal use of health resources, cost-effectiveness analyses can inform key policy questions in the health technology assessment process. We carried out several cost-effectiveness analyses exploring different COVID-19 vaccination scenarios in Nigeria. In consultation with Nigerian stakeholders, we addressed three key questions: what vaccines to buy, how to deliver them and what age groups to target. We combined an epidemiological model of virus transmission parameterised with Nigeria specific data with a costing model that incorporated local resource use assumptions and prices, both for vaccine delivery as well as costs associated with care and treatment of COVID-19. Scenarios of vaccination were compared with no vaccination. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were estimated in terms of costs per disability-adjusted life years averted and compared to commonly used cost-effectiveness ratios. Viral vector vaccines are cost-effective (or cost saving), particularly when targeting older adults. Despite higher efficacy, vaccines employing mRNA technologies are less cost-effective due to high current dose prices. The method of delivery of vaccines makes little difference to the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines can be highly effective and cost-effective (as well as cost-saving), although an important determinant of the latter is the price per dose and the age groups prioritised for vaccination. From a health system perspective, viral vector vaccines may represent most cost-effective choices for Nigeria, although this may change with price negotiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J. Ruiz
- Department of Global Health & Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Sergio Torres-Rueda
- Department of Global Health & Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl A. B. Pearson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- South African DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
| | - Eleanor Bergren
- Department of Global Health & Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chinyere Okeke
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Simon R. Procter
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Madriz-Montero
- Department of Global Health & Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jit
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Vassall
- Department of Global Health & Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Tolossa T, Fetensa G, Feyisa BR, Wakuma B, Lema M. Willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1065991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
IntroductionVaccination is one of the most crucial strategies in the control of pandemics such as COVID-19. Although a couple of research has been conducted to assess the willingness of the population to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, the findings are inconsistent and inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the pooled willingness to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine and its determinants in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished and unpublished articles were accessed from various electronic databases and digital libraries. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size with a 95% confidence interval. Inverse variance (I2) was used to visualize the presence of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s statistical test.ResultsA total of 2345 studies were identified from several databases and 16 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled magnitude of willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine in Ethiopia was 55.19% (95% CI: 42.91, 67.48). The current meta-analysis indicated that age greater than 25 years (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.98) and having a good attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine (3.57, 95% CI: 1.46, 8.72) were significantly associated with the COVID-19 vaccine uptake.Conclusions and recommendationsIn general, the magnitude of the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among the public is unacceptably low in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need to build public trust through the provision of reliable and consistent information about vaccines using different media outlets.
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Adu P, Popoola T, Medvedev ON, Collings S, Mbinta J, Aspin C, Simpson CR. Implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: A systematic review. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:441-466. [PMID: 36738689 PMCID: PMC9884645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, increasing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination coverage remains a major public health concern in the face of high rates of COVID-19 hesitancy among the general population. We must understand the impact of the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake when designing national vaccination programmes. We aimed to synthesise nationwide evidence regarding COVID-19 infodemics and the demographic, psychological, and social predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake. METHODS We systematically searched seven databases between July 2021 and March 2022 to retrieve relevant articles published since COVID-19 was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Of the 12,502 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the databases, 57 met the selection criteria and were included in this systematic review. We explored COVID-19 vaccine uptake determinants before and after the first COVID-19 vaccine roll-out by the Food and Drug Authority (FDA). RESULTS Increased COVID-19 vaccine uptake rates were associated with decreased hesitancy. Concerns about COVID-19 vaccine safety, negative side effects, rapid development of the COVID-19 vaccine, and uncertainty about vaccine effectiveness were associated with reluctance to be vaccinated. After the US FDA approval of COVID-19 vaccines, phobia of medical procedures such as vaccine injection and inadequate information about vaccines were the main determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSION Addressing effectiveness and safety concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines, as well as providing adequate information about vaccines and the impacts of pandemics, should be considered before implementation of any vaccination programme. Reassuring people about the safety of medical vaccination and using alternative procedures such as needle-free vaccination may help further increase vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Adu
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Tosin Popoola
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Sunny Collings
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - James Mbinta
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Clive Aspin
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Colin R. Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Oyekale AS. Effect of Health Insurance Uptake on Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccines in Nigeria: A Recursive Bivariate Probit and Decomposition Estimation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2566. [PMID: 36767930 PMCID: PMC9916397 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Moral hazard remains one of the major challenges of health insurance administration. This paper recursively analyzed the effect of health insurance on the willingness to take COVID-19 vaccines in Nigeria. The data comprised 1892 unvaccinated respondents in the 2021/2022 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (NLPS). The data were analyzed with Coban's recursive probit regression and decomposition approaches. The results revealed that 5.87% were health insured, and 7.93% were willing to take COVID-19 vaccines. Health insurance uptake significantly increased (p < 0.05) with an adult being the decision-maker on vaccination, requiring family planning, and urban residence, while it reduced with loss of jobs and residence in the southeast and southwest zones. In addition, health insurance significantly (p < 0.01) increased the willingness to take COVID-19 vaccines, along with each adult, all adults, and households' heads being the major vaccination decision-makers, loss of jobs, and support for making COVID-19 vaccines compulsory. The average treatment effects (ATEs) and average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) of health insurance were significant (p < 0.01), with positive impacts on willingness to be vaccinated. It was concluded that policy reforms to promote access to health insurance would enhance COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria. In addition, hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines can be reduced by targeting adults and household heads with adequate information, while health insurance uptake should target southern states and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Samuel Oyekale
- Department of Agricultural Economic and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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20
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Yamanis T, Carlitz R, Gonyea O, Skaff S, Kisanga N, Mollel H. Confronting 'chaos': a qualitative study assessing public health officials' perceptions of the factors affecting Tanzania's COVID-19 vaccine rollout. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065081. [PMID: 36720575 PMCID: PMC9890278 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mass COVID-19 vaccination in Africa is required to end the pandemic. In low-income settings, street-level bureaucrats (SLBs), or public officials who interact directly with citizens, are typically responsible for carrying out vaccination plans and earning community confidence in vaccines. The study interviewed SLBs to assess their perceptions of the factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Tanzania. METHODS We interviewed 50 SLBs (19 rural; 31 urban) responsible for implementing COVID-19 vaccination microplans across four diverse regions and districts of Tanzania in September 2021. Moreover, we conducted six in-depth interviews with non-governmental organisation representatives and seven focus group discussions with health facility governing committees. We asked for their perceptions of factors facilitating and challenging vaccine rollout according to three preidentified domains: political, health system and community. We analysed translated transcripts using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Political factors facilitating mass vaccination included the executive leadership change from a denialist president to a president who accepted vaccines and promoted transparency. Global integration, commercially and politically, also motivated vaccine acceptance. Political challenges included community confusion that emerged from the consecutive presidents' divergent communications and messaging by prominent religious antivaccination leaders. Health system factors facilitating vaccination included scaling up of immunisation sites and campaigns. Urban district officials reported greater access to vaccination sites, compared with rural officials. Limited financial resources for paying healthcare workers and for transport fuel and a lack of COVID-19 testing compromised mass vaccination. Furthermore, SLBs reported being inadequately trained on COVID-19 vaccine benefits and side effects. Having community sources of accurate information was critical to mass vaccination. Challenges at the community level included patriarchal gender dynamics, low risk perception, disinformation that the vaccine has satanic elements, and lack of trust in coronavirus vaccines. CONCLUSION Mass COVID-19 vaccination in Tanzania will require greater resources and investment in training SLBs to mitigate mistrust, overcome misinformation, and engage communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thespina Yamanis
- School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ruth Carlitz
- Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Olivia Gonyea
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sophia Skaff
- School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nelson Kisanga
- Department of Health Systems Management, Mzumbe University, Mzumbe, Tanzania
| | - Henry Mollel
- Department of Health Systems Management, Mzumbe University, Mzumbe, Tanzania
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21
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Gelanew T, Wassie L, Mulu A, Wondwossen L, Abebe M, Mihret A, Abdissa A. Is heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination a concern or an opportunity for Ethiopia? Front Public Health 2023; 10:1046546. [PMID: 36777764 PMCID: PMC9909475 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liya Wassie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Markos Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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22
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Emire MS, Shiferaw BZ. Attitudes towards receiving COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors among Southwest Ethiopian adults, 2021. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280633. [PMID: 36689539 PMCID: PMC9870108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many countries around the world are still affected by the global pandemic of coronavirus disease. The vaccine is the most effective method of controlling Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, attitudes toward vaccination are heavily affected by different factors besides vaccine availability. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine community attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 15th to December 15th, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 364 participants in the study area. An interview-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data; the data was entered into Epidata 3.1 version, and then exported to SPSS version 23 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the characteristics of study participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses with a p-value of less than 0.05 were used as a measure of significance. RESULTS In this study, 44.7% of study participants had a favorable attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Perceived potential vaccine harm [AOR: 1.85; 95% CI (1.15-2.96)], Having ever had a chronic disease [AOR: 3.22; 95% CI (2.02-5.14)], community belief on the effectiveness of the vaccine [AOR: 2.02; 95% CI (1.27-3.22)], and average monthly income 3001-5000 ETB [AOR: 0.54; 95% CI (0.30-0.97)], average monthly income 5001-10000 ETB [AOR: 0.48; 95% CI(0.27-0.86)] were statistically significantly towards COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Overall, less than half of the participants had a favorable attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Perceived potential vaccine harm, having ever had a chronic disease, community belief in the effectiveness of the vaccine, and average monthly income were determinant factors of the community's attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. As a result, information conversation with the community's awareness of the COVID-19 vaccination in reducing vaccine-related suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamo Solomon Emire
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Bisrat Zeleke Shiferaw
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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23
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Gudayu TW, Mengistie HT. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13037. [PMID: 36686610 PMCID: PMC9846884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective intervention for the primary prevention of COVID-19. Several studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan African countries on the acceptance and associated factors of COVID-19 vaccine. This review and meta-analysis aimed to recapitulate the pooled magnitude of vaccine acceptance and its favoring factors in sub-Saharan African countries. PUBMED, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were the main databases searched from 15 March to 5 June 2022; and all the articles written in the English language were included. Also, some articles were retrieved from biomedical peer-reviewed journal sites and Google scholar. The quality of thirty-five selected articles was evaluated using an adapted scale for evaluating cross-sectional studies based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The result of the review and meta-analysis revealed that COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate varied across studies. In a pooled analysis, factors such as; higher-level perception of infection risk (OR (95% CI (2.7 (2.1, 3.4))), perceived vaccine safety (13.9 (9.2, 20.9)), virus-related good knowledge (2.7 (2.3, 3.2)) and appropriate attitude (5.9 (4.4, 7.8)), adherence to safety precautions (5.5 (4.8, 6.2)), and infection experience (4.4 (2.8, 6.9)) were positively affected the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Also, vaccine acceptance was found to be high among males and chronically ill individuals. Thus, understanding factors that enhance vaccine acceptance would support planners to augment vaccine uptake in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Worku Gudayu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
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Takoudjou Dzomo GR, Mbario E, Djarma O, Soumbatingar N, Madengar M, Djimera N, Djindimadje A, Nguemadjita C, Nassaringar G, Bernales M, Nangerngar T, Naissem D, Paningar E, Gomez-Virseda C, Lopez Barreda R, Robbins I, Cournil A, Visier L, Tuaillon E, Mennechet FJD. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chad: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1063954. [PMID: 36684864 PMCID: PMC9846328 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1063954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against the COVID-19 virus is currently the best option to combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic worldwide. However, in addition to logistical and economic barriers, hesitancy to be vaccinated threatens to jeopardize efforts to contain the disease. An increasing number of people in Africa are delaying or rejecting recommended vaccines. Since their launch, COVID-19 vaccines have frequently faced rejection worldwide. In this study, we interviewed 5,174 participants from Chad that were representative of the general population, on their perception of COVID-19 vaccines. The survey was conducted from April to May 2021, before the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccination. We found that 47.9% of respondents were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 29.8% were undecided and 22.3% would not accept the vaccine. We found that urban residents were much more likely to refuse the vaccine than rural residents. We also observed that distrust of COVID-19 vaccines and mistaken beliefs played a crucial role in the reluctance to be vaccinated. Hesitancy to vaccinate against COVID-19 was strongly associated with lack of knowledge, and acceptance of vaccination was primarily associated with fear of the disease. Finally, we identified population profiles among the undecided and the refractors, which will help in developing strategies to combat COVID-19 vaccine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmond Mbario
- Association for the Promotion of Village Health in Chad (APSVT), Bekamba, Chad
| | - Oumaima Djarma
- Republic of Chad, Ministry of Public Health and National Solidarity, N'Djamena, Chad
| | | | | | - Nadia Djimera
- University Hospital Complex “Le Bon Samaritain”, N'Djamena, Chad
| | | | | | | | - Margarita Bernales
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Denise Naissem
- University Hospital Complex “Le Bon Samaritain”, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Ephrem Paningar
- University Hospital Complex “Le Bon Samaritain”, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Carlos Gomez-Virseda
- Center for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ian Robbins
- The Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Cournil
- Institute of Research for Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Visier
- Center for Political and Social Studies (CEPEL), CNRS - University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), INSERM U1058, University of Montpellier, French Blood Establishment (EFS), University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University Hospital (CHU), Montpellier, France
| | - Franck J. D. Mennechet
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), INSERM U1058, University of Montpellier, French Blood Establishment (EFS), University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
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25
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Li H, Cheng L, Tao J, Chen D, Zeng C. Knowledge and willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine: a survey from Anhui Province, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2024064. [PMID: 35130110 PMCID: PMC8993089 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2024064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccinations can prevent COVID-19 and control its spread quickly and efficiently. This study aimed to investigate knowledge and willingness of geriatric care facility staff to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, and to provide a basis for the government to promote the COVID-19 vaccine and guide people to get vaccinated. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Data on characteristics of the participants, knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, and willingness to get vaccinated for COVID-19 were collected through an online survey from May 19 to June 18, 2021. Statistical analyses were conducted with ANOVA, chi-square, logistic regression. RESULTS The survey illustrated that the highest score of COVID-19 vaccine knowledge was 50, the lowest 20, and the average 44.22. It also demonstrated that 91.3% of the participants had a good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccine, and that 97.3% participants were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The results showed that geriatric care facility staff had varied level of the COVID-19 vaccine knowledge depending upon their age, educational background, and other factors, and correspondingly, their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine was affected by their knowledge level of COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS In general, the participants, the staff of geriatric care facilities in Anhui Province, had good mastery of the COVID-19 vaccine, and they were willing to get vaccinated. However, there still existed a few participants with poor knowledge, who were unwilling to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Government can guide people to accept vaccination by enhancing publicity about the effects and adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoba Li
- Department of Health and Elderly Care, Anhui Vocational College of City Management, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lulu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Longgang District People’s Hospital, Shengzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Health and Elderly Care, Anhui Vocational College of City Management, Hefei,Anhui, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Medical College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Chenchen Zeng
- Fuyang Health School, FuYang Institute of Technology, Fuyang, Anhui, China
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Motivators, Barriers, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Residents of Western Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122097. [PMID: 36560507 PMCID: PMC9781789 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies that have assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and side effects, both globally and in the western region of Saudi Arabia (SA). OBJECTIVE This study assessed the acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19, determined motivators and barriers for taking these vaccines, and assessed vaccine side effects in the western region of SA. STUDY DESIGN The study was an online cross-sectional study conducted among the people who lived in the western region of SA during the period from December 2021 to March 2022. Participation was voluntary for participants who were above 18 and lived in the Western region of SA. Children and those living in other countries were excluded from the study. METHODS The study tool was a self-administered questionnaire which assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, determined motivators and barriers for taking the vaccines, and assessed their side effects among 1136 participants in the western region of SA. Data gathered were analyzed by the SSPS version 22 software. RESULT A total of 1136 individuals, aged 18 years and above, participated in the study, with 50.7% (n = 567) being males. Most of the participants were from Taif city (68.4%; n = 777), and 57.6% (n = 654) were unmarried. Pfizer was the most frequently administered vaccine (72.8%; n = 823). Most participants explained that their vaccine administration protected themselves and their families (70.5%; n = 835). The acceptance showed that 55% (n = 626) of the participants had either very high or high confidence in the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines, while 14.7% (n = 167) of them had low/very low confidence in its efficacy. The side effects showed that 80.8% (n = 918) of the participants showed that they did not have any difficulties attributed to COVID-19 vaccine administration. Positive attitudes and practices were apparent, and most of the participants (78.3%; n = 889) tended to be actors in the fight against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed a high level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among people living in the western region of SA. Health education and communication from authoritative sources will be important to alleviate public concerns about COVID-19 vaccine safety.
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Kahlon G, Waheed F, Owens MT. What College Biology Students Know about How Vaccines Work. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 21:ar75. [PMID: 36206329 PMCID: PMC9727621 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.20-12-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are an important and societally relevant biology topic, but it is unclear how much college biology students know about how vaccines work and what inaccurate ideas they have about that process. Therefore, we asked more than 600 college students taking biology courses at various levels to explain, "How does a vaccine work?" in a free-response format. Based on authoritative sources and responses from immunology and other biology faculty, we created a rubric to gauge the basic knowledge and accuracy present in student responses. Basic knowledge was defined as knowing that vaccines mimic the pathogen, elicit an active immune response, and provide protection against future infection. Accuracy was defined as the absence of scientifically inaccurate ideas. We found that advanced biology majors score significantly higher in basic knowledge and accuracy when compared with all other student groups, but there were no differences between entering biology majors, pre-health majors, and non-pre-health majors. We also uncovered a variety of inaccurate ideas, with the most common being that vaccines contain the original, unmodified pathogen. These results provide a new way to gauge college student understanding of how a vaccine works and enrich our understanding of what college students know about this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavina Kahlon
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Fareshta Waheed
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Melinda T. Owens
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Joint Doctoral Program in Math & Science Education, University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Belay GM, Alemu TG, Techane MA, Wubneh CA, Assimamaw NT, Tamir TT, Muhye AB, Kassie DG, Wondim A, Terefe B, Tarekegn BT, Ali MS, Fentie B, Gonete AT, Tekeba B, Kassa SF, Desta BK, Ayele AD, Dessie MT, Atalell KA. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and its predictors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2114699. [PMID: 36094824 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2114699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 vaccine is the best strategy for prevention. However, it remained the main challenge. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall pooled estimate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its predictors in Ethiopia. Consequently, we have searched articles from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, reference lists of included studies, and Ethiopian universities' research repository. The weighted inverse variance random effects model was employed. The quality of studies and the overall variation between studies were checked through Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal criteria and heterogeneity test (I2), respectively. The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were also conducted. Following that, a total of 14 studies with 6,773 participants were considered in the study and the overall pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 51.2% (95% CI: 43.9, 58.5). Having good knowledge (Odds ratio: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.1; P. VALUE 0.00), chronic disease (Odds ratio: 2; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.1), older age (Odds ratio: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.0; P. VALUE 0.02), and secondary education and above (Odds ratio: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.7, 6.7; P. VALUE 0.00) were significantly associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. In conclusion, Having good knowledge, chronic disease, older age, and secondary education and above were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Therefore, special attention and a strengthened awareness, education, and training about COVID-19 vaccine benefits had to be given to uneducated segments of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getaneh Mulualem Belay
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Getaneh Alemu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Asmare Techane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Chalachew Adugna Wubneh
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Nega Tezera Assimamaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tarik Tamir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Addis Bilal Muhye
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Destaye Guadie Kassie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Amare Wondim
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Bewuketu Terefe
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Bethlehem Tigabu Tarekegn
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Seid Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Beletech Fentie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Almaz Tefera Gonete
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Berhan Tekeba
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Selam Fisiha Kassa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Bogale Kassahun Desta
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Amare Demsie Ayele
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Tilahun Dessie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Kendalem Asmare Atalell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
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Getachew T, Lami M, Eyeberu A, Balis B, Debella A, Eshetu B, Degefa M, Mesfin S, Negash A, Bekele H, Turiye G, Tamiru D, Nigussie K, Asfaw H, Dessie Y, Alemu A, Sertsu A. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among health care workers at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957721. [PMID: 36438218 PMCID: PMC9683340 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among Health Care Workers is mandatory to lessen and curve the spread of transmission of COVID-19. Even though the Health Belief Model is one of the most widely used models for understanding vaccination behavior against COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Health Care Workers in Ethiopia was not adequately explored by using the Health Belief Model domains. Purpose This study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among Health care workers in eastern, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used among 417 health care workers selected by a systematic random sampling method from June 1- 30/2021. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was carried out to identify factors associated with willingness to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and a statistical significance was declared at a P-value < 0.05. Results The willingness of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was 35.6%. Age 30-39 (AOR = 4.16;95% CI: 2.51, 6.88), age ≥ 40 years (AOR = 3.29;95% CI: 1.47, 7.39), good attitude (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.55), perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.32), and perceived severity (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.10) were factors significantly associated with Health Care Workers acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs was low. Factors significantly associated with the willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine were age, good attitude, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity of the disease. The low willingness of Health Care Workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was alarming and it needs more emphasis from the government in collaboration with other stakeholders to provide reliable information to avert misconceptions and rumors about the vaccine to improve the vaccine status of Health Care Workers to protect the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Magarsa Lami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bajrond Eshetu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Degefa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sinetibeb Mesfin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Negash
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Turiye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Tamiru
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sertsu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Addisu Sertsu
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Predictors of unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines among Ethiopian Medical students. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276857. [PMID: 36322591 PMCID: PMC9629586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medical students are among the potential risky population for the transmission of COVID 19 infections; their willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccine is not well studied. Thus, this study assessed Predictors of Unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines among Ethiopian Medical students. Methods From the 25th of May, 2020 to the 26th of June, 2021, an institution-based cross-sectional study was done at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital,On 313 medical students from each department and batch were chosen using a multistage sampling approach. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify the predictors of Unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines. Figures, tables, and graphs were used to present the findings. The adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were provided. Results In this study 124 (40.7%) 95% CI (35.1,46.4) medical students were not willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. And also increased in the age of the student[AOR 0.43, 95% CI; (.29,.63)], Knowledge status about COVID 19 infection transmission, risk factors and control behavior[AOR 1.45, 95% CI; (1.14, 1.85)], perceived susceptibility to COVID 19 infection [AOR 1.70 (1.15, 2.51)], perceived severity of COVID 19 infection[AOR 1.26 (1.01, 1.57)], perceived benefit of COVID 19 vaccine [AOR .58(.38, .88)], positive attitude towards COVID 19 vaccines [AOR .46(.35, .62)], and confidence in safety and efficacy of the vaccine and public authorities decissin in the best interest of the community [AOR 1.93(1.24, 2.99)] were predictors of non-willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccine. Conclusion Non-willingness to accept the COVID 19 vaccine was predicted by student age, elements in the Health belief model such as anticipated susceptibility, severity, and benefit, and a positive attitude and trust in the vaccine.
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Adella GA, Abebe K, Atnafu N, Azeze GA, Alene T, Molla S, Ambaw G, Amera T, Yosef A, Eshetu K, Yeshambel A, Nigatu D, Abebe EC, Birhan B, Assefa Y. Knowledge, attitude, and intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine among patients with chronic diseases in southern Ethiopia: Multi-center study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:917925. [PMID: 36249216 PMCID: PMC9557055 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.917925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most of the COVID-19 fatal cases and severe illnesses like acute respiratory distress syndrome occur in older adults and other people who have underlying medical comorbidities. Understanding patients with chronic disease' knowledge, attitudes, and intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine and related factors are necessary to control the mortality of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine among patients with chronic disease in Southern Ethiopia. Methods and materials A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 409 patients with chronic diseases having a follow-up at the hospitals of the Southern region of Ethiopia from November 14, 2021, to December 24, 2021. A structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to show the association of variables with knowledge, attitude, and intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine. The associations of variables were declared with the use of a 95% CI and P-value < 0.05. Results Overall, 79.2, 70.9, and 58.2% of participants had good knowledge, favorable attitude, and intent to take the COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. Age ≥49 years old (AOR = 1.643; 95% CI = 1.008-3.060) and college and above level of education (AOR = 3.002; 95% CI = 1.897-5.021) were found to be significantly associated with knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine. College and above level of education (AOR = 1.510; 95% CI = 1.002-3.975) and good knowledge (AOR = 3.560; 95% CI = 1.481-6.120) were found to be significantly associated with intention to take COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion and recommendation Intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine was low among patients with chronic diseases to achieve herd immunity. Therefore, a holistic and multi-sectoral partnership is necessary for a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Further health education and communication are very crucial methods to improve vaccine acceptance and lastly to achieve herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Asmare Adella
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Getachew Asmare Adella
| | - Kelemu Abebe
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Atnafu
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Gedion Asnake Azeze
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tamiru Alene
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Simegn Molla
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Ambaw
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tekalign Amera
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Yosef
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Kirubel Eshetu
- School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Adisu Yeshambel
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Dabere Nigatu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Birhan
- School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
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Orok E, Ndem E, Daniel E. Knowledge, attitude and perception of medical students on COVID-19 vaccines: A study carried out in a Nigerian University. Front Public Health 2022; 10:942283. [PMID: 36211686 PMCID: PMC9535657 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.942283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vaccine development, distribution, and immunization of large populations have been identified as vital mitigation strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier to this. The knowledge and perception of COVID-19 vaccines can improve vaccine acceptance. The purpose of this study was to assess medical students' knowledge, attitude, and perception of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods This study was a cross-sectional web-based survey conducted among undergraduate students from the faculties of Basic medical sciences and Clinical sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The students' knowledge was ranked as excellent (>70%), good (50-69%) and poor (<50%) while perception was categorized into positive (>50%), and negative (<50%). The difference in knowledge based on demographics was analyzed using the Independent sample t-test. The association between demographics, and students' perception was carried out using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. Analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 25. Results A total of 233 students consented to participate in the study out of which 51.1% were female. Forty-eight students (20.6%) had good knowledge while 41.2% of the participants accepted to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Positive perception was reported among 51.1% (119) of the students. Conclusion There was poor knowledge and positive perception among majority of the students. Educational intervention in form of training should be done to improve medical students' knowledge and perception toward COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong Orok
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Edidiong Orok
| | - Ekpedeme Ndem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Eunice Daniel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Level in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:2313367. [PMID: 36061634 PMCID: PMC9436617 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2313367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the everyday lives of the world's population and to this end, the development of curative vaccines was upheld as a welcome panacea. Despite the undeniable negative impact of the disease on human beings, lower than expected proportions of people have taken up the vaccines, particularly in the developing non-Western world. Ethiopia represents an interesting case example, of a nation where COVID-19 vaccine acceptance levels have not been well investigated and a need exists to assess the overall level of vaccine acceptance. Methods A systematic multidatabase search for relevant articles was carried out across Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Hinari, EMBASE, Boolean operator, and PubMed. Two reviewers independently selected, reviewed, screened, and extracted data by using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tools and the modified NewcastleOttawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the quality of evidence. All studies conducted in Ethiopia, reporting vaccine acceptance rates were incorporated. The extracted data were imported into the comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 for further analysis. Heterogeneity was confirmed using Higgins's method, and publication bias was checked by using Beggs and Eggers tests. A random-effects meta-analysis model with a 95% confidence interval was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence. Furthermore, subgroup analysis based on the study area and sample size was done. Results and Conclusion. After reviewing 67 sources, 18 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Ethiopia was 57.8% (95% CI: 47.2%–67.8%). The level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Ethiopia was at a lower rate than necessary to achieve herd immunity. The highest level of vaccine acceptance rate was reported via online or telephone surveys followed by the southern region of Ethiopia. The lowest vaccine acceptance patterns were reported in Addis Ababa.
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Berihun G, Walle Z, Teshome D, Berhanu L, Derso M. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Associated Factors Among College Students in Dessie City, Northeastern Ethiopia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1735-1746. [PMID: 35990405 PMCID: PMC9384869 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s381151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 vaccine is regarded as an effective measure for reducing the pandemic’s impact. But, COVID-19 disease burden reduction efforts are being affected by the rising vaccine resistance. Objective To assess the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among college students in Dessie city, Northeastern Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out among college students in Dessie town from July 1–20, 2021. The association between independent and dependent variables was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis using crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio. Variables having p values of less than 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval were regarded as potential determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Results A total of 422 college students participated in the study with a response rate of 95.6%. More than half 226 (56.2%) of the participants had willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents who had history of chronic medical illness (AOR: 4.340, 95% CI: 1.166, 16.149), training on COVID-19 vaccine (AOR: 4.755, 95% CI: 2.606, 6.674), history of regular vaccine uptake (AOR: 2.534, 95% CI: 1.412, 4.549), perception of COVID-19 severity (AOR: 4.109, 95% CI: 2.190, 7.710), perception that COVID-19 can be prevented by vaccine (AOR: 2.420, 95% CI: 1.160, 5.049), and development of herd immunity against COVID-19 vaccines (AOR: 2.566, 95% CI: 1.431, 4.599) were factors significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion The acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among college students was low. The history of chronic medical illness, training on COVID-19 vaccine, history of vaccine uptake, perception that COVID-19 can be prevented by vaccine, perception of herd immunity development against COVID-19, and severity of COVID 19 infection were factors significantly associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. Hence, it is necessary to promote COVID-19 vaccination among college students through health education and vaccine outreach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gete Berihun
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Zebader Walle
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Teshome
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Leykun Berhanu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Derso
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Kusuma YS, Kant S. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its determinants: A cross-sectional study among the socioeconomically disadvantaged communities living in Delhi, India. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100171. [PMID: 35607603 PMCID: PMC9116429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most desired solution to combat COVID-19. We examined the willingness to accept the vaccine and reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and identified some factors associated with the vaccine hesitancy among the socio-economically disadvantaged urban population from Delhi, India. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a randomly selected sample of 1539 households from 31 urban clusters. Data on socio-demographics, health beliefs, and willingness to accept the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were collected through a face-to-face interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire from an adult member. Vaccine acceptance/hesitancy was analysed by various socio-demographic and health belief variables. Multinomial regressions were carried out to identify the factors associated with the vaccine hesitancy. Results Overall, 64.9% (95% CI: 62.5 to 67.3) of the respondents would accept the vaccine, 17.4% (95% CI: 15.6 to 19.4) were undecided, and 17.7% (95% CI: 15.8 to 19.7) would not accept the vaccine. The reasons for not accepting the vaccine were: belief that they had immunity (12.9%), the corona was a hoax (11.8%), the vaccine was not necessary (7.4%), and did not want to disturb the natural bodily systems by the vaccine (5.6%). The undecided group mainly would like to wait and see (37.7%), decide when the vaccine become available (11.6%), will take if everyone in their community takes (10.4%). Multinomial logistic regression identified older age, low perceived susceptibility of contracting COVID-19, low perceived severity of COVID-19, low self-efficacy to protect against COVID-19, and unawareness and non-use of Arogyasetu App as significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions Two-thirds of Delhi's low-income groups would accept the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine hesitancy was associated with older age, low perceived susceptibility, low perceived severity, and low self-efficacy to protect themselves from COVID-19. Hence, efforts are needed to address these issues and vaccine concerns to increase the vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadlapalli S. Kusuma
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
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Yesuf EA, Riad A, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Sudhakar M, Mekonnen A, Endalkachew S, Mama F, Muhidin S, Ayele B, Yahya M, Usman A, Abafita J, Klugar M. Self-reported side effects of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Ethiopia, Africa: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:937794. [PMID: 35928493 PMCID: PMC9343757 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.937794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa. Ethiopia received most of its COVID-19 vaccines through donations. The Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine is the first to be donated to Ethiopia by the COVAX facility. Healthcare workers were the priority population that received the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. However, there was no nationwide study on the safety of the vaccine in Ethiopia. This study aimed to measure the prevalence and predictors of self-reported side effects of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine. Materials and methods The study employed a cross-sectional design. A sample of healthcare workers who took Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine was drawn from four regions of Ethiopia; namely, Amhara, Oromia, Somali, and Southwest. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, medical anamnesis, COVID-19 related anamnesis, and COVID-19 vaccine anamnesis via telephone interview. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done. The software, IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0, was used for analyses of data. Results Out of 384 people, 346 responded (response rate: 90.1%). Female accounted for 34.1% of the respondents. The mean age of the respondents was 31.0 years (Standard Deviation (SD) = 7.4). Nurses accounted for 43.7% of the respondents. The prevalence of at least one local- and systemic-side effect was 50.6 and 44.5%, respectively. The most frequent local- and systemic- side effect were injection site pain and headache, respectively. Both types of side effects mostly subsided in the first 3 days. A third of healthcare workers with side effects took at least one medication. Paracetamol followed by diclofenac sodium were taken by healthcare workers to overcome side effects. There was no independent predictor of local side effect. After controlling for age and chronic diseases, the odds of healthcare workers with COVID-19 like symptoms to experience systemic side effects was 1.38 (Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04–1.82) times more than that of healthcare workers without COVID-19 like symptoms. Conclusions The prevalence of local- and systemic-side effects of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine was modest. As the symptoms were mostly common in the first 3 days, it is preferable to monitor healthcare workers at least in the first 3 days following the administration of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Ali Yesuf
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Elias Ali Yesuf ;
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Czech National Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Center of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Center), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Abanoub Riad
| | - Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
- Cochrane Iran Associate Center, National Institute for Medical Research Development, Tehran, Iran
- Seqiz Health Network, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Seqiz, Iran
| | - Morankar Sudhakar
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Feyissa Mama
- Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Semira Muhidin
- Department of Public Health, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Bethelhem Ayele
- Gebretsadik Shawo Hospital, Southwest Health Bureau, Bonga, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Yahya
- Jigjiga University Specialized Hospital, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Abduselam Usman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Abafita
- Department of Economics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Center of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Center), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
- Miloslav Klugar
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Ackah BBB, Woo M, Stallwood L, Fazal ZA, Okpani A, Ukah UV, Adu PA. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa: a scoping review. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:21. [PMID: 35850783 PMCID: PMC9294808 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against the novel coronavirus is one of the most effective strategies for combating the global Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a major obstacle in several regions of the world, including Africa. The objective of this rapid review was to summarize the literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa.
Methods We searched Scopus, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and OVID Medline for studies published from January 1, 2020, to March 8, 2022, examining acceptance or hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine in Africa. Study characteristics and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were extracted from the included articles.
Results A total of 71 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Majority (n = 25, 35%) of the studies were conducted in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in Botswana, Cameroun, Cote D’Ivoire, DR Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe were also included in the review. The vaccine acceptance rate ranged from 6.9 to 97.9%. The major reasons for vaccine hesitancy were concerns with vaccine safety and side effects, lack of trust for pharmaceutical industries and misinformation or conflicting information from the media. Factors associated with positive attitudes towards the vaccine included being male, having a higher level of education, and fear of contracting the virus. Conclusions Our review demonstrated the contextualized and multifaceted reasons inhibiting or encouraging vaccine uptake in African countries. This evidence is key to operationalizing interventions based on facts as opposed to assumptions. Our paper provided important considerations for addressing the challenge of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and blunting the impact of the pandemic in Africa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41256-022-00255-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty B B Ackah
- School of Communication, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Woo
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lisa Stallwood
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zahra A Fazal
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Arnold Okpani
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ugochinyere Vivian Ukah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Prince A Adu
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among adult chronic patients. A cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269942. [PMID: 35819959 PMCID: PMC9275707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with pre-existing chronic diseases are more likely to acquire COVID-19 infections, which can be fatal, and die from COVID-19 illness. COVID-19 vaccination will benefit those at a higher risk of developing complications and dying from the disease. This study aimed to determine chronic patients’ willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence their willingness. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 adult chronic patients in the University of Gondar specialized hospital outpatient departments. The participants were chosen using systematic random sampling methods with an interval of 5. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from eligible respondents. Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25 were used for the data entry data analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the dependent and independent factors. An odds ratio with 95 percent confidence intervals and a P-value was used to determine the association’s strength and statistical significance. Result Out of 401 respondents, 219 (54.6%) with [95% CI (49.7–59.5%)] of study participants were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Being a healthcare worker (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.24–6.96), Lost family members or friends due to COVID-19 (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.21–5.00), good knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.37–4.33), favorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = .8.56 95% CI: 4.76–15.38), perceived suitability of the COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.62–5.33) and perceived benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08–3.31), were found to be a significant association with the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among chronic patients. Conclusion This study confirms that around 55% of adult chronic patients were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Providing health education for chronic patients to emphasize the knowledge and attitude of the COVID-19 vaccine and raise patients’ perceived risk of COVID-19 and the benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine could be recommended to improve their willingness to COVID-19 vaccination.
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Yehualashet DE, Seboka BT, Tesfa GA, Mamo TT, Yawo MN, Hailegebreal S. Prevalence and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among the Ethiopian Population: A Systematic Review. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1433-1445. [PMID: 35937966 PMCID: PMC9346414 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s368057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although vaccination is the most effective way to end the COVID-19 pandemic, there are growing concerns that vaccine hesitancy may undermine its effectiveness. In Ethiopia, vaccine hesitancy forms a major challenge to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. This systematic review examined the prevalence and determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Ethiopian population. Methods A systematic search of articles was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Studies that evaluated the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia were included. The identified determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were analyzed based on the frequency of occurrence in the included studies. Results The overall COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy level in the Ethiopian population ranged from 14.1% to 68.7%. The high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate observed in this study was due to contextual factors, individual factors, and vaccine-specific factors. Young age, female sex, living in rural areas, lack of adequate information, and lower education are the most common contextual determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Lack of awareness about the COVID-19 vaccine, low risk of COVID-19, poor adherence to COVID-19 prevention strategies, and negative attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine are the most frequently reported personal factors. Common vaccine-specific determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitation are the side effects of the vaccine and doubts about its effectiveness of the vaccine. Conclusion Our review showed that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains highly prevalent and varied across regions of Ethiopia, with a wide variety of factors associated with it. Potential interventions on the benefits of vaccination and the adverse effects of vaccine rejection are crucial to enhance COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the Ethiopian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet
- School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet, School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia, Tel +251 976061907, Email
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Ajana B, Engstler E, Ismail A, Kousta M. Perceptions and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccines: narratives from members of the UK public. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 31:1-17. [PMID: 35789880 PMCID: PMC9244123 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the paper is to enhance understanding of how members of the public make sense of the Covid-19 vaccines and to understand the factors influencing their attitudes towards such artefacts of pandemic governance. Methods The paper draws on 23 online in-depth interviews with members of the UK public and builds on relevant literature to examine participants' perceptions of the benefits and risks of Covid-19 vaccines, the sources that have shaped their attitudes, and the level of trust they have towards the government's handling of the pandemic through vaccines. Results The findings indicate that participants generally felt that the benefits of having the vaccine outweigh the risks and that Covid-19 vaccines are a crucial mechanism for enabling society to return to normal. Vaccine acceptance was, for some, strongly linked to a sense of social responsibility and the duty to protect others. However, some participants expressed concerns with regard to the side-effects of Covid-19 vaccines and their perceived potential impact on fertility and DNA makeup. Participants used various sources of information to learn about Covid-19 vaccines and understand their function, benefits, and risks. The majority of participants criticised the government's response during the early stages of the pandemic yet felt positive about the vaccine rollout. Conclusion Just as with any other vaccination programme, the success of the Covid-19 immunisation campaigns does not only depend on the efficacy of the vaccines themselves or the ability to secure access to them, but also on a myriad of other factors which include public compliance and trust in governments and health authorities. To support an effective immunisation campaign that is capable of bringing the pandemic to an end, governments need to understand public concerns, garner trust, and devise adequate strategies for engaging the public and building more resilient societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btihaj Ajana
- Department of Digital Humanities, King’s College London, Strand Campus, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Elena Engstler
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, Brixton SE5 9RT UK
| | - Anas Ismail
- Department of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Marina Kousta
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, Bush House, North East Wing, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG UK
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Tolossa T, Fetensa G, Ayala D, Wakuma B. Health professionals' COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors in Wollega University referral hospital, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2069960. [PMID: 35608849 PMCID: PMC9302494 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2069960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health professionals’ willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine is very important, and evidence suggests that only a limited proportion of health-care workers were ready to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, which is very low when compared with the risk of the disease. This study aimed to assess health professionals’ acceptability and associated factors in Wollega University referral hospital, Western Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health-care workers in Wollega University referral hospital from March 26–28, 2021. The data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. Epi-data version 3.2 was used for data entry, and STATA version 14 was used for data analysis. The binary logistic regression model was employed to determine factors associated with the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals was computed and statistical significance was declared at a 5% level (p-value <.05). Results A total of 191 health professionals have participated in the study. The study indicates that 65.4% (95% CI: 58.6%, 72.2%) of health professionals had the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine if available. Age of health professionals (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.38, 8.38), knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.22, 7.23), and perception of COVID 19 vaccine (AOR = 5.71, 95% CI: 2.50, 13.00) were significantly associated with vaccine acceptability. Conclusions and recommendations Nearly, two-thirds of health professionals were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, which is low. In general, continuous communication and health education have to be provided to enhance overall awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Fetensa
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.,Department of Health Behavior and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Ayala
- Department of Midwifery, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Wakuma
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Kalu ME, Oyinlola O, Ibekaku MC, Adandom II, Iwuagwu AO, Ezulike CJ, Nwachukwu EC, Uduonu E. A Mapping Review on the Uptake of the COVID-19 Vaccine among Adults in Africa Using the 5A's Vaccine Taxonomy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:tpmd210515. [PMID: 35533697 PMCID: PMC9209920 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of a vaccine is complete if individuals are aware of the associated risks of the vaccine, accept the vaccine, and respond positively to the nudges (activation) to increase the uptake, and respond when the vaccine is made accessible and affordable. We mapped systematically the existing literature concerning the 5As-acceptability, accessibility, affordability, awareness, and activation-of COVID-19 vaccination among adults and, specifically, older adults (55 years and older) in Africa. We searched multiple databases from 2020 to December 2021. Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers screened citations, conducted title and abstract screening, and extracted data independently. We included 68 articles conducted in 33 African countries, primarily cross-sectional studies (n = 49, 72%). None of the articles focused on older adults only, but 22 articles (32%) included at least one older adult (55 years and older) in their sample size. Acceptance (n = 58, 85%) was the most commonly researched aspect of vaccine uptake, followed by accessibility (n = 17, 25%), awareness (n = 13, 19%), and affordability (n = 5, 7.0%). We found only one report on activation. Factors affecting acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Africa were grouped into sociodemographic factors; knowledge-, attitude-, and belief-related factors; a COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety concern factor; and trust in government and public health authorities. The governments of African nations should focus on strategies to influence the modifiable factors identified in this review. More studies are needed to evaluate the impact of nudges (activation) to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake in African nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Kalu
- Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing–African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oluwagbemiga Oyinlola
- Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing–African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Social Services Department, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael C. Ibekaku
- Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing–African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Israel I. Adandom
- Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing–African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Cedarcrest Hospitals, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Anthony O. Iwuagwu
- Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing–African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Social Work, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie J. Ezulike
- Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing–African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Social Work, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ernest C. Nwachukwu
- Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing–African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Physiotherapy Department, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Parklane-Enugu
| | - Ekezie Uduonu
- Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Ageing–African Network, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus
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Jabessa D, Bekele F. Willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among residents of Southwestern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:1177-1185. [PMID: 35535255 PMCID: PMC9078342 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s362264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 vaccine is a key intervention toward containing the pandemic. Vaccines are thought to be a form of defense. One of the major challenges to managing the COVID-19 pandemic is the uncertainty or willingness to accept vaccinations. Our study aimed willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence it in Mettu Woreda, Ilu Ababor Zone, Ethiopia. Methodology Cross-sectional study design was conducted from August 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021, among rural residents of Mettu woreda's of Ilu Ababor Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The semi-structured data collection format was prepared to assess the magnitude of the communities' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of communities' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine at 95% CI. Results Of 350 participants from the study area, 59% of them were males and 41% females. Less than one-third (29.8%) of participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. The results multivariable logistic regression revealed that the age group of ≥50 years (OR=0.29; 95% CI: -3.1-0.34) as compare with the 18-29 years, low monthly income (OR=0.85; 95% CI: -0.74-2.33), low perception level (OR=0.35; 95% CI: -2.03-0.24), government unemployed (OR=0.86; 95% CI: -0.72-0.1), low Level of acceptance (OR=0.72; 95% CI: -0.67, 0.08) and unwillingness to test COVID-19 (OR=0.13; 95% CI: -4.47, 0.58) were predictors of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion Less than one-third of the study, participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. The likelihood of Willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low in the study area. Overall; low education, low vaccination perception, low income, jobless occupation, older age, and unwillingness to test for COVID-19 were associated with greater willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine and are significantly associated with willingness to get the COVID-19 immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabala Jabessa
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Firomsa Bekele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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Jarso G, Gebi W, Abdo M, Lemma M, Abebe E, Lemessa B, Deressa BT. Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Early-Vaccinated Healthcare Workers in Eastern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:473-484. [PMID: 35813681 PMCID: PMC9214739 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Ministry of Health of Ethiopia launched the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in March 2021, with frontline healthcare workers as first-round recipients and a goal of vaccinating 20% of the population by the end of 2021. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination side effects among early vaccinated healthcare workers in Adama hospital medical college. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between March and June 2021, following the vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Adama hospital medical college. The study used a structured self-administered questionnaire and additional telephone surveys on items covering the participants' demographic data, local and systemic manifestations after vaccination. Results A total of 540 health care workers and supportive staff were enrolled in this study. The overall any-symptom report after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19 vaccine was 84.3%. The majority (39.6%) of participants had both systemic and local symptoms and 25.7% had only local and 18.9% had only systemic symptoms. Injection site pain was the most prevalent side effect symptom (64.1%), followed by fatigue (35.7%), headache (28.9%), joint pain (26.5%), and muscle pain (21.5%). Conclusion Vaccine side effects were common and found to be well-tolerated among the recipients of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 at Adama hospital medical college healthcare workers. The side effects were mainly mild to moderate. More side-effect profiles should be studied and disseminated to detect rare adverse reactions.
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Yilma D, Mohammed R, Abdela SG, Enbiale W, Seifu F, Pareyn M, Liesenborghs L, van Griensven J, van Henten S. COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: Do we practice what we preach? Trop Med Int Health 2022; 27:418-425. [PMID: 35229414 PMCID: PMC9115514 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed healthcare workers (HCWs) COVID-19 vaccine acceptability in Ethiopia. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional survey from February to April 2021 in HCWs from five teaching hospitals. HCWs were selected using convenient sampling, and data were collected through a survey link. Descriptive analysis and mixed-effect logistic regression were performed. A total of 1,314 HCWs participated in the study. RESULTS We found that 25.5% (n = 332) of the HCWs would not accept a COVID-19 vaccine and 20.2% (n = 264) were not willing to recommend COVID-19 vaccination to others. Factors associated with vaccine non-acceptance were female sex (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.5), the perception that vaccines are unsafe (AOR = 15.0; 95% CI: 8.7-25.9), not considering COVID-19 as health risk (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.0-9.5) and being unconcerned about contracting COVID-19 at work (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.5-8.4). Physicians were more willing to accept vaccination than other HCWs. Higher vaccine acceptability was also noted with increasing age. Participants most often indicated safety concerns as the determining factor on their decision to get vaccinated or not. CONCLUSION Overall, a quarter of HCWs would not accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Communications and training should address vaccine safety concerns. Additionally, emphasis should be given to showing current and future impact of COVID-19 on the personal, public and country level unless control efforts are improved. Interventions aimed to increase vaccine uptake should focus their efforts on younger and non-physician HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yilma
- Department of Internal MedicineJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
- Jimma University Clinical trial UnitJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Rezika Mohammed
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | | | - Wendemagegn Enbiale
- Department of DermatologyBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
- Department of DermatologyAmsterdam Institute for Infection and ImmunityAcademic Medical CentreAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Fasil Seifu
- Department of General SurgeryArba Minch UniversityArba MinchEthiopia
| | - Myrthe Pareyn
- Department of Clinical SciencesInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpenBelgium
| | | | - Johan van Griensven
- Department of Clinical SciencesInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Saskia van Henten
- Department of Clinical SciencesInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpenBelgium
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Song S, Zang S, Gong L, Xu C, Lin L, Francis MR, Hou Z. Willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing and vaccination in urban China during the low-risk period: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:556. [PMID: 35313843 PMCID: PMC8935604 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular testing and vaccination are effective measures to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence on the willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing is scarce, and the willingness and uptake of vaccination may change as the pandemic evolves. This study aims to examine willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination during a low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban China. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 2244 adults in urban China. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare the respondents' willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination. Multivariate logistic regressions were fitted to investigate factors associated with the willingness and uptake of the two measures. RESULTS In early 2021, about half (52.45%) of the respondents had received or scheduled a COVID-19 test at least once, and a majority (95.63%) of the respondents were willing to receive testing. About two-thirds (63.28%) of the respondents had received/scheduled or were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics, except for occupation. Being of older age, migrants, having higher educational attainment and secure employment were associated with a higher uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among the surveyed respondents, while willingness to vaccinate was consistent across socio-demographic characteristics among those who had not been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS By early 2021, Chinese adults expressed almost universal willingness of COVID-19 testing and over half of adults have been tested, while the willingness and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination were relatively low at the low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining willingness of COVID-19 vaccination is critical and necessary, especially when the pandemic evolved into a low-risk period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhang Song
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shujie Zang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liubing Gong
- Chizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Chizhou, Anhui province, China
| | - Cuilin Xu
- Yuhuatai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Leesa Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark R Francis
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Zhiyuan Hou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Strupat C, Shigute Z, Bedi AS, Rieger M. Willingness to take COVID-19 vaccination in low-income countries: Evidence from Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264633. [PMID: 35239711 PMCID: PMC8893640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In low-income countries, vaccination campaigns are lagging, and evidence on vaccine acceptance, a crucial public health planning input, remains scant. This is the first study that reports willingness to take COVID-19 vaccines and its socio-demographic correlates in Ethiopia, Africa’s second most populous country. Methods The analysis is based on a nationally representative survey data of 2,317 households conducted in the informal economy in November 2020. It employs two logistic regression models where the two outcome variables are (i) a household head’s willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine or not, and (ii) if yes if they would also hypothetically pay (an unspecified amount) for it or not. Predictors include age, gender, education, marital status, income category, health insurance coverage, sickness due to COVID-19, chronic illness, trust in government, prior participation in voluntary activities, urban residence. Results Willingness to take the vaccine was high (88%) and significantly associated with COVID-19 cases in the family, trust in government and pro-social behavior. All other predictors such as gender, education, income, health insurance, chronic illness, urban residence did not significantly predict vaccine willingness at the 5% level. Among those willing to take the vaccine, 33% also answered that they would hypothetically pay (an unspecified amount) for it, an answer that is significantly associated with trust in government, health insurance coverage and income. Conclusion The results highlight both opportunities and challenges. There is little evidence of vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia among household heads operating in the informal economy. The role played by trust in government and pro-social behavior in motivating this outcome suggests that policy makers need to consider these factors in the planning of COVID-19 vaccine campaigns in order to foster vaccine uptake. At the same time, as the willingness to hypothetically pay for a COVID-19 vaccine seems to be small, fairly-priced vaccines along with financial support are also needed to ensure further uptake of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Strupat
- German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Zemzem Shigute
- Institute of Development and Policy Research, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjun S. Bedi
- International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Rieger
- International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Tolossa T, Wakuma B, Turi E, Mulisa D, Ayala D, Fetensa G, Mengist B, Abera G, Merdassa Atomssa E, Seyoum D, Shibiru T, Getahun A. Attitude of health professionals towards COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors among health professionals, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265061. [PMID: 35263375 PMCID: PMC8906598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Even though people of the world were eagerly waiting for the hope of vaccine development, vaccine hesitancy is becoming the top concern in both developed and developing countries. However, there is no adequate evidence regarding the attitude and perception of health professionals towards the COVID 19 vaccine in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess health professionals’ attitudes and perceptions towards COVID 19 vaccine in Western Ethiopia.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers found in Nekemte town from April 14–21, 2021. A total of 439 health professionals present on duty during the study period was included in the study. The data were collected by using self-administered questionnaire. Epidata version 3.2 was used for data entry, and STATA version 14 was used for data analysis. The binary logistic regression model was employed to determine factors associated with the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals was computed and statistical significance was declared at a 5% level (p-value < 0.05).
Result
A total of 431 health professionals participated in the study yielding a response rate of 98.1%. The results indicated that 51.28% (95%CI: 45.12%, 57.34%) of health professionals had a favorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination. Having good knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.64, P-value <0.001) was negatively associated with unfavorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine, whereas age less than 30 years (AOR = 2.14, 95%CI:1.25,3.67, P-value <0.001), working in a private clinic (AOR = 7.77, 95% CI: 2.19, 27.58, P-value <0.001) and health center (AOR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.01, 5.92, P-value = 0.045) were positively associated with unfavorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine.
Conclusion and recommendation
In general, the attitude and perception of health care professionals toward the COVID-19 vaccine in the study area were unsatisfactory. Knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, age of health care workers, and place of work are the factors which affects attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine. Thus, we recommend the media outlets and concerned bodies to work to develop trust among the public by disseminating accurate and consistent information about the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Bizuneh Wakuma
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ebisa Turi
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Mulisa
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Ayala
- Department of Midwifery, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Fetensa
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Institute of Health, Jimma university, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Mengist
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | | | - Emiru Merdassa Atomssa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Seyoum
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Shibiru
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekmete, Ethiopia
| | - Ayantu Getahun
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Demeke CA, Kifle ZD, Atsbeha BW, Wondmsigegn D, Yimenu DK, Woldeyohanins AE, Kasahun AE. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health professionals in a tertiary care center at the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221076991. [PMID: 35186292 PMCID: PMC8855372 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221076991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a highly communicable disease that can be transmitted from animal-to-human and human-to-human contacts. It is still now a major global threat for which vaccination remains the ultimate solution to protect it, especially healthcare professionals are the first frontiers to fight against the COVID-19 virus which makes them at higher risk of this disease. Therefore, to reduce the spread of COVID-19, we need to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the vaccine hesitancy of the COVID-19 vaccine among health professionals who worked at the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1 May and 10 June 2021. And the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. A chi-square test was conducted and to assess the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, perceived risk of COVID-19, attitude, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Results We surveyed 319 health professionals with a response rate of 67.87%. Of these, 74.9% (239) were male, and 81.2% (259) of health professionals were perceived exposed to COVID-19 without testing. 87.7% of respondents would like to vaccinate their parents. 66.2% (208) of them have accepted the COVID-19 vaccine. 54.85% (175) of health professionals had a good attitude and 45.8% (146) of health professionals were received the first-round COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion This study showed that more than 60% of health professionals had good acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic period. Regarding vaccine safety profile may reduce the vaccination in the future. To increase vaccine uptake in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination programs should be redesigned to remove barriers to vaccine acceptance. Knowledge and attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilot Abiyu Demeke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemene Demelash Kifle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanemeskel Weldegerima Atsbeha
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Wondmsigegn
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alem Endashaw Woldeyohanins
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Emagn Kasahun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mose A, Haile K, Timerga A. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical and health science students attending Wolkite University in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263081. [PMID: 35077504 PMCID: PMC8789154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical and health science students are among the frontline health care workers who are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection during their clinical attachments and future career. As health care providers, they are expected to promote and administer the COVID-19 vaccine and counsel vaccine-hesitant patients. It is, therefore, imperative to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical and health science students. Thus, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors among medical and health science students of Wolkite University. METHOD An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 420 medical and health science students attending Wolkite University from March 1 to 30, 2021. Simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Self-administered and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.2.0 and exported to SPSS version 23 software package for further analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was used to identify associated factors. P values <0.05 result were considered as a statistically significant association. RESULTS The level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 41.2% (95% CI; 35.2%-50.4%). Student age ≤23 years were 1.9 times more likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 1.94, 95% CI; 1.14-3.28], being female were 1.7 times more likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 1.76, 95% CI; 1.14-2.72], resided in rural area were 1.6 times more likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 1.63, 95% CI; 1.06-2.49], source of information from social media were 2.7 times more likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 2.68, 95% CI; 1.58-4.54], and good practice to COVID-19 mitigation measures were 47% less likely vaccine hesitant [aOR = 0.53, 95% CI; 0.34-0.83] compared to their counterpart. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is found to be high. Therefore, students are advised to receive COVID-19 vaccine information from government lead mass media (i.e. television and radio), increase awareness and adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenew Mose
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Haile
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Timerga
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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