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El Jordi O, Fischer KD, Meyer TB, Atwood BK, Oblak AL, Pan RW, McKinzie DL. Microglial knockdown does not affect acute withdrawal but delays analgesic tolerance from oxycodone in male and female C57BL/6J mice. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2022; 2:10848. [PMID: 38390615 PMCID: PMC10880796 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2022.10848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) affects approximately 8%-12% of the population. In dependent individuals, abrupt cessation of opioid taking results in adverse withdrawal symptoms that reinforce drug taking behavior. Considerable unmet clinical need exists for new pharmacotherapies to treat opioid withdrawal as well as improve long-term abstinence. The neuroimmune system has received much scientific attention in recent years as a potential therapeutic target to combat various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including addiction. However, the specific contribution of microglia has not been investigated in oxycodone dependence. Chronic daily treatment with the CSF1R inhibitor Pexidartinib (PLX3397) was administered to knockdown microglia expression and evaluate consequences on analgesia and on naloxone induced withdrawal from oxycodone. In vivo results indicated that an approximately 40% reduction in brain IBA1 staining was achieved in the PLX treatment group, which was associated with a delay in the development of analgesic tolerance to oxycodone and maintained antinociceptive efficacy. Acute withdrawal behavioral symptoms, brain astrocyte expression, and levels of many neuroinflammatory markers were not affected by PLX treatment. KC/GRO (also known as CXCL1) was significantly enhanced in the somatosensory cortex in oxycodone-treated mice receiving PLX. Microglial knock-down did not affect the expression of naloxoneinduced opioid withdrawal but affected antinociceptive responsivity. The consequences of increased KC/GRO expression within the somatosensory cortex due to microglial reduction during opioid dependence are unclear but may be important for neural pathways mediating opioid-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El Jordi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kathryn D Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Timothy B Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Raymond W Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David L McKinzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Shao F, Han D, Shen Y, Bian W, Zou L, Hu Y, Sun W. Oxycodone relieves permeability damage and apoptosis of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells through ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/ Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK)/ myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) signal. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5205-5215. [PMID: 35170371 PMCID: PMC8982462 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease, an important cause of acute ischemic stroke, has attracted worldwide attention. Oxycodone has been widely used to treat various painful disorders. This study was designed to explore the mechanism of oxycodone in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced brain microvascular endothelial cell model. For the reliability of the results in the following experiments, the viability was firstly detected using CCK-8. With the application of LDH, TEER and TUNEL assays, the LDH expression, permeability and apoptosis of brain microvascular endothelial cells were detected, respectively. Besides, the mRNA and protein expressions of tight junction proteins and RhoA were measured using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Moreover, RT-qPCR was employed to evaluate the expressions of inflammatory cytokines. Western blot was adopted to measure the levels of RhoA, ROCK, MLC2 and apoptosis-related proteins. The results revealed that oxycodone attenuated permeability damage, inflammatory factor release and apoptosis of OGD/R-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. It was also found that oxycodone could reduce the expressions of RhoA, ROCK and MLC2 in brain microvascular endothelial cells induced by OGD/R. More importantly, oxycodone exhibited desirable effects on OGD/R-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells through RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 signal. In conclusion, oxycodone relieved permeability damage and apoptosis of OGD/R-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells through RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 signal, suggesting that oxycodone might be an effective method for the improvement of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Bian
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liting Zou
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqian Hu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-second consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2019 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Kumar M, Rainville JR, Williams K, Lile JA, Hodes GE, Vassoler FM, Turner JR. Sexually dimorphic neuroimmune response to chronic opioid treatment and withdrawal. Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108469. [PMID: 33485944 PMCID: PMC7988821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Increasing pre-clinical and clinical evidence demonstrates sex differences in opioid use and dependence. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to these effects, including neuroinflammation, are still obscure. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of oxycodone exposure and withdrawal on sex- and region-specific neuroimmune response. Real-time PCR and multiplex cytokine array analysis demonstrated elevated neuroinflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and aberrant oligodendroglial response in reward neurocircuitry, following withdrawal from chronic oxycodone treatment. Chronic oxycodone and withdrawal treated male mice had lower mRNA expression of TMEM119 along with elevated protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and growth factors (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, IL-15, IL17, M-CSF, VEGF) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as compared to their female counterparts. In contrast, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12, CCL11) was observed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of oxycodone and withdrawal-treated males as compared to female mice. No treatment specific effects were observed on the mRNA expression of putative microglial activation markers (Iba1, CD68), but an overall sex specific decrease in the mRNA expression of Iba1 and CD68 was found in the PFC and NAc of male mice as compared to females. Moreover, a sex and region-specific increase in the mRNA levels of oligodendrocyte lineage markers (NG2, Sox10) was also observed in oxycodone and withdrawal treated animals. These findings may open a new avenue for the development of sex-specific precision therapeutics for opioid dependence by targeting region-specific neuroimmune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, KY, USA
| | - Jennifer R Rainville
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, School of Neuroscience, VA, USA
| | - Kori Williams
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, KY, USA
| | - Joshua A Lile
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, KY, USA
| | - Georgia E Hodes
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, School of Neuroscience, VA, USA
| | - Fair M Vassoler
- Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, KY, USA.
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Activation of Opioid Receptors Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Skeletal Muscle Induced by Tourniquet Placement. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6699499. [PMID: 33510583 PMCID: PMC7822682 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6699499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Method Mice were randomly assigned to the sham, I/R, Oxy, and I/R with Oxy groups. Oxy was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before tourniquet placement. Morphological changes of the gastrocnemius muscle in these mice were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and electron microscopy. Expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, SIRT1, and PGC-1α in the skeletal muscles were detected by western blot. Blood TNF-α levels, gastrocnemius muscle contractile force, and ATP concentration were examined. Results Compared with the I/R group, Oxy pretreatment attenuated skeletal muscle damage, decreased serum TNF-α levels, and inhibited the expression levels of TLR4/NF-κB in the gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, Oxy treatment significantly increased serum ATP levels and the contractility of the skeletal muscles. SIRT1 and PGC-1α levels were significantly reduced in gastrocnemius muscle after I/R. Oxy pretreatment recovered these protein expression levels. Conclusion Tourniquet-induced acute limb I/R results in morphological and functional impairment in skeletal muscle. Pretreatment with Oxy attenuates skeletal muscle from acute I/R injury through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB-dependent inflammatory response and protects SIRT1/PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial function.
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Liu Y, Yu L, Xu Y, Tang X, Wang X. Substantia nigra Smad3 signaling deficiency: relevance to aging and Parkinson's disease and roles of microglia, proinflammatory factors, and MAPK. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:342. [PMID: 33198771 PMCID: PMC7670688 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smad3 signaling is indicated to regulate microglia activity. Parkinson’s disease (PD) neurodegeneration is shown to be associated with aging and neuroinflammation. However, it remains unclear about the relationship among Smad3 signaling, aging, neuroinflammation, and PD. Methods Rats were treated with SIS3 (a specific inhibitor of Smad3, intranigal injection) and/or lipopolysaccharide (intraperitoneal injection). We investigated the effect of SIS3 and lipopolysaccharide and their mechanism of action on motor behavior and nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rats. Furthermore, we explored the effect of SIS3 and LPS and their potential signaling mechanism of action on inflammatory response by using primary microglial cultures. Finally, we investigated the relationship among aging, Smad3 signaling, and neuroinflammation using animals of different ages. Results Both SIS3 and lipopolysaccharide induced significant behavior deficits and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the rats compared with the vehicle-treated (control) rats. Significantly increased behavior deficits and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration were observed in the rats co-treated with SIS3 and lipopolysaccharide compared with the rats treated with vehicle, SIS3, or lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, both SIS3 and lipopolysaccharide induced significant microglia activation and proinflammatory factor (IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and ROS) level increase in the SN of rats compared with the control rats. Significantly enhanced microglial inflammatory response was observed in the rats co-treated with SIS3 and lipopolysaccharide compared with the other three groups. For our in vitro study, both SIS3 and lipopolysaccharide induced significant proinflammatory factor level increase in primary microglia cultures compared with the control cultures. Significantly increased inflammatory response was observed in the cultures co-treated with SIS3 and lipopolysaccharide compared with the other three groups. MAPK (ERK/p38) contributed to microglial inflammatory response induced by co-treatment with SIS3 and lipopolysaccharide. Interestingly, there was decrease in Smad3 and pSmad3 expression (protein) and enhancement of neuroinflammation in the mouse SN with aging. Proinflammatory factor levels were significantly inversely correlated with Smad3 and pSmad3 expression. Conclusion Our study strongly indicates the involvement of SN Smad3 signaling deficiency in aging and PD neurodegeneration and provides a novel molecular mechanism underlying the participation of aging in PD and helps to elucidate the mechanisms for the combined effect of multiple factors in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yaling Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xijin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China.
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Cheng W, Wang M, Liu P, Zhao S, Liu X, Wang X. Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Oxycodone in Patients Undergoing Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9073-9084. [PMID: 31782408 PMCID: PMC6902314 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tourniquet-related complications are a common clinical problem. In the present study, we compared the effects of dexmedetomidine vs. oxycodone in patients undergoing limb ischemia-reperfusion. Material/Methods Fifty-four patients undergoing unilateral lower-extremity surgery under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to a control (ischemia-reperfusion, I/R) group, a dexmedetomidine (Dex) group, and an oxycodone (Oxy) group. Tourniquet-induced hemodynamic parameters changes among groups were compared. The serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured using ELISA before anesthesia and at 30 min and at 6 h after tourniquet release. Results In the control group, tourniquet use caused significant increases in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and rate-pressure product. Compared with Oxy, Dex significantly decreased heart rate (HR). Both Dex and Oxy lowered SAP compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed in DAP between Dex and Oxy. The levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, FABP3, and ET-1 were significantly higher, while the SOD and BDNF were significantly lower compared to baseline in the I/R group, but the variation range of those agents was significantly smaller in the Dex and Oxy groups, and the measured values were comparable between the 2 groups. Conclusions Compared with Dex, Oxy was not inferior in mitigating tourniquet-induced hyperdynamic response, ameliorating the inflammatory reaction, and protecting remote multiple organs in lower-extremity surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on Oxycodone from 1998 to 2017. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9096201. [PMID: 31781650 PMCID: PMC6875415 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9096201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Oxycodone is a widely used opioid analgesic, which is involved in cancer pain and non-cancer pain. This study is intended to understand the publication characteristics of oxycodone research field and assess the quality of pertinent articles from 1998 to 2017. Methods Oxycodone-related publications from 1998 to 2017 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed database. These papers were coded across several categories, such as total number, journals, countries, institutions, authors and citations reports. And the analysis of co-occurrence keywords was handled by VOSviewer software. Results According to search strategies, a total of 2659 articles on oxycodone were published in world from 1998 to 2017 in WOS. Among the top 10 most productive organizations, six of them were American institutes, two of them were pharmaceutical enterprises and the other three were Finnish, Australian and Canadian institutes, which is similar with the distribution by country/region. Drewes AM from Denmark published most articles and PAIN MEDICINE is the most productive journal in oxycodone area. Meanwhile, clinical studies occupy a dominant position during the past 20 years. The 10 most cited papers were listed. Among these articles, 8 of them are reviews and 2 of those are meta-analysis. And the last decade (2008–2017) displayed that the newest keywords focus on “double-blind”, “randomized controlled trial” and “neuropathic pain”. Conclusions The findings provided a comprehensive overview of oxycodone research. In view of the adverse effects of oxycodone, high-quality oxycodone studies both in basic studies and clinical trials need to be completed.
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Alvariño R, Alonso E, Abbasov ME, Chaheine CM, Conner ML, Romo D, Alfonso A, Botana LM. Gracilin A Derivatives Target Early Events in Alzheimer's Disease: in Vitro Effects on Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4102-4111. [PMID: 31387354 PMCID: PMC7654966 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for compounds capable of targeting early pathological changes of Alzheimer̀s disease (AD), such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, is an important challenge. Gracilin A derivatives were recently synthesized, using a pharmacophore-directed retrosynthesis (PDR) strategy, and found to possess potent neuroprotective effects. In this work, the previously described derivatives 1-7 which demonstrated mitochondrial-mediated, antioxidant effects were chosen for further study. The ability of compounds to modulate the expression of antioxidant genes (CAT, GPx, SODs, and Nrf2) was determined in SH-SY5Y cells, and the simplified derivatives 2 and 3 were found to be the most effective. The anti-neuroinflammatory properties of all derivatives were assessed in BV2 microglial cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Several derivatives decreased the release of cytokines (Il-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, and TNF-α) and other damaging molecules (ROS, NO) and also regulated the translocation of Nrf2 and NFκB, and reduced p38 activation. These protective effects were confirmed in a trans-well coculture with BV2 and SH-SY5Y cells and several derivatives increased SH-SY5Y survival. This present work demonstrates the neuroprotective properties of gracilin A derivatives, making them promising candidate drugs for AD. Particularly, derivatives 2 and 3 showed the greatest potential as lead compounds for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27003, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27003, Spain
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitario Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo 27003, Spain
| | - Mikail E. Abbasov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Christian M. Chaheine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Michael L. Conner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27003, Spain
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27003, Spain
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Alvariño R, Alonso E, Lacret R, Oves-Costales D, Genilloud O, Reyes F, Alfonso A, Botana LM. Caniferolide A, a Macrolide from Streptomyces caniferus, Attenuates Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, Amyloid-Beta, and Tau Pathology in Vitro. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1456-1466. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27003, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27003, Spain
| | - Rodney Lacret
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Oves-Costales
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27003, Spain
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27003, Spain
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Investigation of Key Genes and Pathways in Inhibition of Oxycodone on Vincristine-Induced Microglia Activation by Using Bioinformatics Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3521746. [PMID: 30881521 PMCID: PMC6387694 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3521746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain are only partially understood. Among them, microglia activation was identified as the key component of neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways associated with vincristine-induced neuropathic pain by using bioinformatics analysis and observe the effects of oxycodone on these DEG expressions in a vincristine-induced microglia activation model. Methods Based on microarray profile GSE53897, we identified DEGs between vincristine-induced neuropathic pain rats and the control group. Using the ToppGene database, the prioritization DEGs were screened and performed by gene ontology (GO) and signaling pathway enrichment. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to explore the relationship among DEGs. Then, we built the vincristine-induced microglia activation model and detected several DEG expressions by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. Meanwhile, the effects of different concentrations of oxycodone on inflammatory response in primary microglia induced by vincristine were observed. Results A total of 38 genes were differentially expressed between normal and vincristine-treated rats. GO and pathway enrichment analysis showed that prioritization DEGs are involved in cAMP metabolic process, inflammatory response, regulation of cell proliferation, and chemokine pathway. The in vitro studies showed that vincristine had dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in microglia. Compared to the control group, vincristine (0.001 μg/ml) could lead to inflammation in primary microglia induced by vincristine and upregulated the CXCL10, CXCL9, SFRP2, and PF4 mRNA and made an obvious reduction in IRF7 mRNA. At protein levels, oxycodone (50, 100 ng/ml) decreased the expression of CXCL10 and CXCL9 in activated microglia. Conclusion Our study obtained several DEG expressions and signaling pathways in the vincristine-induced neuropathic pain rat model by bioinformatics analysis. Oxycodone could alleviate the vincristine-induced inflammatory signaling in primary microglia and downregulate some DEGs. Further molecular mechanisms need to be explored in the future.
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12
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Liu B, Liu Y, Li N, Zhang J, Zhang X. Oxycodone regulates incision-induced activation of neurotrophic factors and receptors in an acute post-surgery pain rat model. J Pain Res 2018; 11:2663-2674. [PMID: 30464584 PMCID: PMC6214342 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s180396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxycodone, which is one of the most commonly used opiates in postoperative pain management, has a different affinity for μ-opioid receptors (MOR), κ-opioid receptors (KOR), and δ-opioid receptors (DOR). Accumulating research has suggested that neurotrophins (NTs) are involved in opioid analgesia. In the current exploratory study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the analgesic effects of oxycodone on post-surgery pain in rats and to determine whether neurotrophic factors and receptors were involved in these effects. Methods Mechanical and thermal sensitivity tests were used to evaluate the validity of the postoperative pain rat model and to determine the analgesic effect of oxycodone. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the changes in the expression of three types of opioid receptors and NTs and their high-affinity receptors in the spinal cord after surgery and oxycodone administration. Results Oxycodone showed an analgesic effect on plantar incision (PI)-induced hyperalgesia, especially thermal hyperalgesia. We detected an obvious increase in MOR expression levels but insignificant changes in KOR and DOR levels in the spinal cord after PI. Moreover, we found that oxycodone was able to reverse the increased expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor (TrK) A, and TrkB and the decreased expression of NT-3 and TrkC, after PI. Pretreatment with oxycodone also altered the expression of these mediators. Conclusion Based on the results, possible underlying mechanisms for the antinociceptive properties of oxycodone in acute postoperative pain include the activation of MOR downstream signaling and the regulation of NTs and receptor expression through attenuation of glial activation and fortification of antinociceptive mediators in the spinal cord. This study may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the analgesic action of oxycodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
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