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de Freitas MBL, Luna LP, Beatriz M, Pinto RK, Alves CHL, Bittencourt L, Nardi AE, Oertel V, Veras AB, de Lucena DF, Alves GS. Resting-state fMRI is associated with trauma experiences, mood and psychosis in Afro-descendants with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111766. [PMID: 38408419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) may exhibit functional abnormalities in several brain areas, including the medial temporal and prefrontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a less explored topic is how brain connectivity is linked to premorbid trauma experiences and clinical features in non-Caucasian samples of SCZ and BD. METHODS Sixty-two individuals with SCZ (n = 20), BD (n = 21), and healthy controls (HC, n = 21) from indigenous and African ethnicity were submitted to clinical screening (Di-PAD), traumata experiences (ETISR-SF), cognitive and functional MRI assessment. The item psychosis/hallucinations in SCZ patients showed a negative correlation with the global efficiency (GE) in the right dorsal attention network. The items mania, irritable mood, and racing thoughts in the Di-PAD scale had a significant negative correlation with the GE in the parietal right default mode network. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the activation of specific networks were associated with earlier disease onset, history of physical abuse, and more severe psychotic and mood symptoms in SCZ and BD subjects of indigenous and black ethnicity. Findings provide further evidence on SZ and BD's brain connectivity disturbances, and their clinical significance, in non-Caucasian samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Licia P Luna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Márcia Beatriz
- Neuroradiology Service, São Domingos Hospital, São Luís, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Candida H Lopes Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Lays Bittencourt
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Nina Rodrigues Hospital, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antônio E Nardi
- Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt Goethe University, Germany
| | - André B Veras
- Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Service, Nina Rodrigues Hospital, São Luís, Brazil; Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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2
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Chau AKC, So SHW, Barkus E. The role of loneliness and negative schemas in the moment-to-moment dynamics between social anxiety and paranoia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20775. [PMID: 38008774 PMCID: PMC10679161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety and paranoia often co-occur and exacerbate each other. While loneliness and negative schemas contribute to the development of social anxiety and paranoia separately, their role in the development of the two symptoms co-occurring is rarely considered longitudinally. This study examined the moment-to-moment relationship between social anxiety and paranoia, as well as the effects of loneliness and negative schemas on both experiences individually and coincidingly. A total of 134 non-clinical young adults completed experience sampling assessments of momentary social anxiety, paranoia, and loneliness ten times per day for six consecutive days. Participants' negative-self and -other schemas were assessed with the Brief Core Schema Scale. Dynamic structural equation modelling revealed a bidirectional relationship between social anxiety and paranoia across moments. Loneliness preceded increases in both symptoms in the next moment. Higher negative-self schema was associated with a stronger link from paranoia to social anxiety; whereas higher negative-other schema was associated with a stronger link from social anxiety to paranoia. Our findings support the reciprocal relationship between social anxiety and paranoia. While loneliness contributes to the development of social anxiety and paranoia, negative self and other schemas appear to modify the relationships between the two symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Kai Chun Chau
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, New Territories, 3/F Wong Foo Yuan Building, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzanne Ho-Wai So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, New Territories, 3/F Wong Foo Yuan Building, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Emma Barkus
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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3
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Luo R, Ji Y, Liu Y, Sun H, Tang S, Li X. Relationships among social support, coping style, self-stigma, and quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A multicentre, cross-sectional study. Int Wound J 2023; 20:716-724. [PMID: 36787266 PMCID: PMC9927899 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetic foot ulcer have a significantly lower quality of life. Quality of life could be connected to other psychological or social processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between social support, decision regret, self-stigma, and quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. The sample of the study consisted of 229 diabetic foot ulcer patients. Data were collected from September 2019 to March 2020. The demographic and clinical information, the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness, Medical Coping Scale, Social Support Scale, and Quality of Life scale were used to assess the quality life for diabetic foot ulcer. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modelling were used for data analysis. The quality of life was negatively correlated with self-stigma, positively correlated with social support, giving up coping, and not significantly correlated with confrontation coping and avoidance coping. Self-stigma has significant indirect effects on quality of life through social support and coping style. Further clinical intervention strategies for decreasing self-stigma as well as strengthening social support and positive coping styles are needed to inform diabetic foot ulcer patients, thus improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhen Luo
- Xiangya Nursing SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yunan Ji
- School of NursingTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yan‐hui Liu
- School of NursingTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of NursingPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuechun Li
- School of NursingTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
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4
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Scholte-Stalenhoef AN, Pijnenborg GHM, Hasson-Ohayon I, Boyette LL. Personality traits in psychotic illness and their clinical correlates: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:348-406. [PMID: 36804473 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review focuses on personality traits according to both the Five Factor Model and Cloninger Psychobiological Model in relation to treatment related outcome variables across all stages of clinical psychotic illness. Search of Pubmed and Psychinfo databases led to final inclusion of 65 studies, which were ranked on quality and analyzed according to the associations between personality and outcome. Main findings are that higher levels of Harm Avoidance and Neuroticism are associated with higher symptom levels, tendency towards passive coping, greater self-stigma, lower quality of life, and Harm Avoidance to higher suicidality. Higher levels of Extraversion and higher levels of Self-Directedness are associated with more preference for active coping, more intrinsic motivation and higher self-esteem. Higher Novelty Seeking is related to more substance use and aggression, in men specifically. On outcome of trauma, care consumption and duration of untreated illness no consistent associations with personality traits were found. Combined evidence from both personality models however reveals a consistent pattern of personality traits related to clinical outcome in psychotic disorder, which is discussed in a dimensional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Neeltje Scholte-Stalenhoef
- Ziekenhuis Groep Twente, Department of Psychiatry, Almelo, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Psychology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Lindy-Lou Boyette
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Rostami M, Ahmadboukani S, Saleh Manijeh H. Big Five Personality Traits and Predicting Mental Health among Iranian Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221132365. [PMID: 36340048 PMCID: PMC9629558 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221132365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging has been a major issue for experts, policymakers, and even the general public in recent years. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the role of personality traits in the health of older adults, but this evidence is still in its infancy. This study aimed to investigate the role of the big five personality traits in predicting the mental health among older adults. In this cross-sectional study, 150 community-residing older adults were selected and completed the Ten Item Personality Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Adult Hope Scale, and Short-Form Health Survey. According to the results, extraversion and openness to experience can explain 11% of the variances of hope, extraversion and conscientiousness account for 16% of the variances in perceived social support, and all the big five personality traits together predict 34% of the variances in the health-related quality of life. Given the role of personality traits in predicting the mental health of older adults, counselors and psychologists working with these people can pay attention to the personality traits of older adults in designing their psychological, educational, and research programs to achieve more desirable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rostami
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Soliman Ahmadboukani
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hiwa Saleh Manijeh
- Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Hiwa Saleh Manijeh, Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Koodakyar Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Evin, Tehran 1985713831, Iran.
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6
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Kılıç A, Görmez A, Yeni Elbay R, Özer BU. Internalized stigma in obsessive compulsive disorder: Correlates and associations with quality of life. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 39:37-45. [PMID: 35688542 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we aimed to measure IS among outpatients with OCD, and to assess its relationship with clinical and sociodemographic variables, and quality of life. Out of 100 patients assessed, 79 patients with OCD were included in the study. Each patient was assessed using the SCID-5 CV, Y-BOCS, ISMI Scale, and WHOQOL-BREF. There was a strong correlation of IS with lower QoL and severity of OCD symptoms. Avoidance behavior, psychological health and social relationship domains emerged as independent factors related to IS in the regression analysis. There is a need for further studies on a larger samples to identify the specifics of the development and impact of IS in people with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alperen Kılıç
- Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, TEM Avrupa Otoyolu Göztepe Çıkışı No: 1, 34214 Bağcılar, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aynur Görmez
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Eğitim Mah., 34722 Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rümeysa Yeni Elbay
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Eğitim Mah., 34722 Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahtiyar Umut Özer
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Eğitim Mah., 34722 Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey
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Lau HM, Sim KS, Chew QH, Sim K. Quality of Life and Clinical Correlates in Adults with Social Phobia: A Scoping Review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:224-234. [PMID: 35173792 PMCID: PMC8728567 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
In light of the substantial clinical and societal burden of social phobia (SP) and impact on the sense of well-being of affected individuals, we sought to summarise extant data related to quality of life and relevant correlates in adults with SP to distill clinical profiles for earlier identification and appropriate management.
Methods:
A scoping review was carried out on studies examining quality of life in adults with SP and clinical correlates within different settings. PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles beginning from database inception until May 2021.
Results:
A total of 25 papers were included. Most of the studies (92%) were cross sectional in nature (80%), conducted in the West (92%), and within clinic or community settings (88%). Patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions, and undergraduate students reported higher rates of SP compared with community population. Significant correlates of SP included demographic (such as females, younger age, living alone, fewer years of education, unemployment) and clinical factors (such as family history of anxiety disorders, suicidal ideas, avoidant personality features). SP was widely associated with decreased QoL involving several domains and especially related to complexity, greater number of feared or trigger situations, and comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions.
Conclusion:
SP is not uncommon within clinical, and undergraduate populations, and has a significantly negative impact on quality of life. Awareness of its associated clinical profiles allows better identification and overall management of this condition including improvement in QoL.
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8
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Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Pino-Gutierrez AD, Etxandi M, Baenas I, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Mora-Maltas B, Valero-Solís S, Codina E, Guillén-Guzmán E, Lara-Huallipe M, Caravaca E, Mestre-Bach G, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. The prevalence and features of schizophrenia among individuals with gambling disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:374-383. [PMID: 33639330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND-OBJECTIVES Few studies have analyzed the comorbid presence of gambling disorder (GD) with schizophrenia, its sociodemographic correlates and clinical implications. This study estimated the prevalence of the dual diagnosis (GD with schizophrenia) and the differences in the profiles of patients with and without the dual condition. METHOD The sample included n = 3,754 patients consecutively accepted for treatment for GD. Sociodemographics, gambling-related variables, psychopathological state and personality traits were assessed and compared between the groups. RESULTS The prevalence of schizophrenia within patients who met clinical criteria for GD was 4.4% (95% confidence interval: 3.8%-5.1%). Variables related to the dual presence of GD with schizophrenia were single marital status, lower education level, inactive working status, socioeconomic disadvantage, younger age, earlier onset of gambling problems, worse global psychopathological state and more dysfunctional personality profile (higher level in harm avoidance and lower level in cooperativeness, reward dependence, persistence and self-directedness). CONCLUSION The presence of schizophrenia among patients with GD was around 4 times higher than the prevalence rate estimated in the reference general population. The differences in the profiles of GD patients with and without schizophrenia suggest that individuals with the dual diagnosis condition require unique assessment considerations and tailored treatment interventions specifically designed for the clinical and functioning higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Granero
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - UAB, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutierrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Mother-Infant Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mikel Etxandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | | | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Susana Valero-Solís
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Ester Codina
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Elías Guillén-Guzmán
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Milagros Lara-Huallipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Elena Caravaca
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Aunjitsakul W, McGuire N, McLeod HJ, Gumley A. Candidate Factors Maintaining Social Anxiety in the Context of Psychotic Experiences: A Systematic Review. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1218-1242. [PMID: 33778868 PMCID: PMC8379542 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety is common in psychosis and associated with impaired functioning, poorer quality of life, and higher symptom severity. This study systematically reviewed factors maintaining social anxiety in people with attenuated, transient, or persistent psychotic experiences. Other correlates of social anxiety were also examined. MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO were searched for relevant literature up to October 19, 2020. Forty-eight articles were eligible for narrative synthesis: 38 cross-sectional studies, 8 prospective studies, 1 uncontrolled trial, and 1 qualitative study. From 12060 participants, the majority was general population (n = 8771), followed by psychosis samples (n = 2532) and those at high risk of psychosis (n = 757). The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Ninety percent of studies were rated as high to very-high quality. Poorer quality studies typically failed to adequately control for confounds and provided insufficient information on the measurement validity and reliability. Prominent psychological factors maintaining social anxiety included self-perceptions of stigma and shame. Common correlates of social anxiety included poorer functioning and lower quality of life. In conclusion, stigma and shame could be targeted as a causal mechanism in future interventional studies. The integration of findings from this review lead us to propose a new theoretical model to guide future intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warut Aunjitsakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Glasgow Mental Health Research Facility, University of Glasgow, Fleming Pavilion, West of Scotland Science Park (Todd Campus), Glasgow, G20 0XA, UK; tel: 0141-330-4852, e-mail:
| | - Nicola McGuire
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hamish J McLeod
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Gumley
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Chen H, Ye YD. Validation of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale for Mainland Chinese Children and Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 11:594949. [PMID: 33488461 PMCID: PMC7816825 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.594949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight stigma internalization among adolescents across weight categories leads to adverse psychological consequences. This study aims to adapt and validate a Chinese version of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale for Mainland Chinese children and adolescents(C-WBIS). A total of 464 individuals aged 9 to 15 years participated in the present study. Based on item response theory (IRT) and classical test theory (CTT), we selected the items for the C-WBIS and evaluated its reliability and validity. The item response theory yields support for the one-dimensional factor mode. All item parameters fit the IRT model (albeit within an adequate range), eight items were adopted. No evidence of significant differential item functioning (DIF) was found for gender and age groups. The C-WBIS was correlated with the Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) and two subscales of the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SAS), which indicated an acceptable criterion-related validity. The C-WBIS is a reliable and valid measure that can be used as a psychometrically sound and informative tool to assess weight bias internalization among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-duo Ye
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Yen SY, Huang XY, Chien CH. The self-stigmatization of patients with schizophrenia: A phenomenological study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:29-35. [PMID: 32248931 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the self-stigma of schizophrenia patients. Qualitative phenomenological approach, purposive sampling and unstructured one-on-one interviews were used. Narratives were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Data saturation was reached after 15 had been interviewed. Three themes and six sub-themes were revealed: the origin of the self-stigma (experience of self-stigma from the outside and the inside), the suffering experience of self-stigma (alienation from others and negative inner feelings), and coping with the self-stigma (acceptance and change of mind). The study supports the importance to increase awareness of self-stigma and suggests effective measures to help patients deal with this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yu Yen
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xuan-Yi Huang
- Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.365, Ming-te Road, Peitou District, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ching-Hui Chien
- Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.365, Ming-te Road, Peitou District, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan, ROC.
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The Prevalence and Correlates of Social Anxiety Symptoms among People with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 2020:3934680. [PMID: 32274213 PMCID: PMC7132590 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3934680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of social anxiety disorder is very common in schizophrenia patients and affects almost all age groups. This social anxiety disorder negatively impacts the quality of life, medication adherence, and treatment outcomes of people with schizophrenia. It is not well recognized in clinical settings. Therefore, assessing social anxiety symptoms and its associated factors was significant to early intervention and management of schizophrenia patients in Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data collectors randomly recruited 423 schizophrenic patients by using the systematic sampling technique. A face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The standardized Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) was employed to assess individual social anxiety symptoms. We computed bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions to identify factors associated with social anxiety symptoms. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of social anxiety symptoms was 36.2% (95% CI: 31.50, 40.80). Male sex (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.44), age of onset of schizophrenia (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI:1.17, 3.12), positive symptoms (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI:0.67, 0.83), depression/anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.41), number of hospitalizations (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI:1.32, 5.80), and suicidal ideation (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.74) were factors significantly associated with social anxiety symptoms at p < 0.05. p < 0.05. CONCLUSION The prevalence of social anxiety symptoms among schizophrenia patients was found to be high. Timely treatment of positive and depression/anxiety symptoms and suicide risk assessments and interventions need to be done to manage the problems.
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Holubova M, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Kantor K, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Vrbova K. Quality of life, self-stigma, and coping strategies in patients with neurotic spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:81-95. [PMID: 30787642 PMCID: PMC6363490 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s179838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modern psychiatry focuses on self-stigma, coping strategies, and quality of life (QoL). This study looked at relationships among severity of symptoms, self-stigma, demographics, coping strategies, and QoL in patients with neurotic spectrum disorders. Methods A total of 153 clinically stable participants who met criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, adjustment disorders, somatoform disorders, or obsessive-compulsive disorder were included in a cross-sectional study. Psychiatrists examined patients during regular psychiatric checkups. Patients completed the Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Stress Coping Style Questionnaire (Strategie Zvládání Stresu [SVF] 78), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. Results The diagnostic subgroups differed significantly in age and use of negative coping strategies, but not in other measured clinical or psychological variables. The findings showed that neither sex nor partnership played a role in perceived QoL. All Q-LES-Q domains correlated negatively with all ISMI domains, except school/study. Unemployed and employed groups of patients differed in QoL. Each of the coping strategies, except the need for social support, was related to self-stigma. The findings showed that sex, partnership, education, and employment played no role in self-stigma. No differences between sexes in positive coping strategies, severity of disorder, self-stigma, or QoL were found. QoL correlated significantly with all coping strategies, except for guilt denial. Multiple regression showed the most important factors to be positive coping, employment, and overall self-stigma rating, explaining 32.9% of QoL. Mediation analysis showed self-stigma level and negative coping strategies to be the most influential. The most substantial factors associated with self-stigma, as indicated by regression analysis, were Q-LES-Q total, subjective CGI, and positive coping strategies, which clarified 44.5% of the ISMI. Conclusion The study confirmed associations among self-stigma, quality of life, disorder severity, and coping strategies of outpatients with neurotic spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia,
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
| | - Kryštof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia,
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
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Uchino T, Nemoto T, Yamaguchi T, Katagiri N, Tsujino N, Murakami Y, Tanaka K, Mizuno M. Associations Of Personality Traits With The Capacity-Performance Discrepancy Of Functional Outcome In Patients With Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2869-2877. [PMID: 31632034 PMCID: PMC6781607 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s218738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional capacity, which indicates one's ability to perform everyday living tasks, contributes to real-world functional performance in patients with schizophrenia. However, functional capacity is sometimes not comparable with functional performance in clinical settings. We hypothesized that specific personality traits are related to this capacity-performance discrepancy of functional outcome. METHODS The measures in this study were the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment Brief (UPSA-B) for functional capacity, the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) for functional performance, and the Temperament and Character Inventory-140 (TCI-140) for personality traits. A total of 94 stable outpatients with schizophrenia were divided into four groups based on combinations of their UPSA-B and SFS cut-off points, as follows: a high capacity and high performance (HH) group, a high capacity but low performance (HL) group, a low capacity but high performance (LH) group, and a low capacity and low performance (LL) group. RESULTS There were no significant differences in demographics among the four groups. The LH group showed a significantly lower harm avoidance level than the LL group. The HL group showed a significantly lower persistence level than the HH group. CONCLUSION Lower harm avoidance may enhance functional performance, and lower persistence can limit functional performance, regardless of the primary levels of functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia. Novel and individualized psychosocial treatments considering the individual's personality traits seem to be helpful for maximizing their functional performance in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uchino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Tokyo Adachi Hospital, Tokyo 121-0064, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Taiju Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katagiri
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tsujino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Murakami
- Department of Medical Statistics, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
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Aikawa S, Kobayashi H, Nemoto T, Matsuo S, Wada Y, Mamiya N, Yamaguchi T, Katagiri N, Tsujino N, Mizuno M. Social anxiety and risk factors in patients with schizophrenia: Relationship with duration of untreated psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2018; 263:94-100. [PMID: 29510345 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety is commonly reported as a comorbid condition among people with schizophrenia. The aims of this study were to elucidate the associations between demographic/clinical features and social anxiety. A total of 207 outpatients with schizophrenia underwent assessments for social anxiety, psychiatric symptoms, social cognition, cognitive function, social functioning, and quality of life (QOL). To confirm the prediction model for social anxiety, we conducted multiple linear regressions using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) score as an outcome variable and demographic/clinical variables as predictors. Of the 207 patients, 30 (14.5%) met the criteria for social anxiety disorder and 109 (52.7%) had a mean LSAS score higher than 30, suggesting that their social anxiety symptoms had reached a clinical level. Social anxiety was significantly correlated with psychiatric symptoms, social functioning, and QOL, whereas significant correlations with social cognition and cognitive function were not observed. A multiple regression analysis identified social functioning, gender, age of onset, and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) as predictors that were most closely associated with the LSAS score. We confirmed that social anxiety symptoms were highly prevalent among outpatients with schizophrenia and were closely associated with social functioning and DUP, rather than social cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Aikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan; Department of Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shinagawa Grand Central Tower, 2-16-4 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8242, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Matsuo
- Department of Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shinagawa Grand Central Tower, 2-16-4 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8242, Japan
| | - Yo Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Mamiya
- Department of Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shinagawa Grand Central Tower, 2-16-4 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8242, Japan
| | - Taiju Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katagiri
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tsujino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
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Vrbova K, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Holubova M, Kantor K, Kolek A, Grambal A, Slepecky M. Suicidality, self-stigma, social anxiety and personality traits in stabilized schizophrenia patients - a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1415-1424. [PMID: 29910618 PMCID: PMC5989820 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s162070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients who have schizophrenia are more prone to suicidal behavior than the general population. This study aimed to find connections between suicidality and self-stigma, hope, and personality traits in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Forty-eight stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia attended this cross-sectional study. Patients were diagnosed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) using the ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria. The assessments included Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, objective and subjective Clinical Global Impression, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-second edition, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. RESULTS The individual rate of suicidality (suicidal index from MINI) strongly positively correlated with self-stigma, level of depression, social anxiety, and harm-avoidance, and negatively correlated with hope, self-directedness, and stigma resistance. CONCLUSION Individuals with additional symptoms of depression, social anxiety, trait-like anxiety, and self-stigma should be carefully monitored for suicidal ideation. On the opposite side, patients with sufficient hope, self-esteem, and goal-directed attitudes are less likely to have suicidal thoughts and may potentially be role models in group rehabilitation programs, motivating more distressed colleagues and showing them ways to cope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kolek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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