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Marvin G, Schram B, Orr R, Canetti EFD. Occupation-Induced Fatigue and Impacts on Emergency First Responders: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7055. [PMID: 37998287 PMCID: PMC10671419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue in emergency first responders (EFRs) is known to affect performance abilities and safety outcomes for both patients and EFRs. The primary aim of this review was to determine the main contributors to occupation-induced fatigue in EFRs and its subsequent impacts. Following the PRIMSA checklist, academic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were searched using key terms with results subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Populations of interest were firefighters, paramedics, or emergency call centre personnel. Of the 5633 records identified, 43 studies, which reported on 186 unique measures from a total population of 6373 participants, informed the review. Synthesis revealed fatigue was caused by lack of sleep during the shift and consistent poor sleep quality which negatively impacted cognitive function, alertness, and physical and mental health while increasing safety-compromising behaviours and injuries. Both subjective and objective assessments of fatigue are necessary for effective risk management in EFRs. EFRs that are consistently fatigued are at a greater risk of poor physical and mental health, reduced cognitive function, and increased injuries. No studies reported on fatigue in emergency call centre personnel, highlighting a literature gap. Funding was provided by the Australian Capital Territory Emergency Services Agency. Preregistration was filed in OSF: osf.io/26f3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Marvin
- Tactical Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia
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Kujawski S, Kujawska A, Kozakiewicz M, Jakovljevic DG, Stankiewicz B, Newton JL, Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Zalewski P. Effects of Sitting Callisthenic Balance and Resistance Exercise Programs on Cognitive Function in Older Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14925. [PMID: 36429644 PMCID: PMC9691233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training programs have the potential to improve cognitive function in older subjects. However, the majority of training programs are based on aerobic modality. In the current study, the influence of 3 months programs of sitting callisthenic balance (SCB) and resistance training (RT) on cognitive functioning and the mediating role that a change in the level of neurotrophic factors and strength in older, healthy participants plays were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Global cognitive function was examined using MoCA, short-term memory using Digit Span and Delayed Matching to Sample, set shifting using Trial Making Test Part B, speed of processing simple visual stimuli using Simple Reaction Time, decision making using Choice Reaction Time, visual attention with Visual Attention Test (VAT), tests. Strength of lower and upper limbs, neurotrophin level (irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT 4/5) were examined. RESULTS Improved scores in RT vs. SCB were noted in MoCA (p = 0.02), reaction time in SRT (p = 0.02), TMT B (p = 0.03), errors committed in CRT (p = 0.04) and VAT (p = 0.02) were observed. No significant changes in the level of neurotrophic factors were observed. Changes in upper limb strength were related to changes in the number of errors committed in the SRT (p = 0.03). Lower limb strength changes explained the dynamics of the number of correct answers (p = 0.002) and errors committed (p = 0.006) in VAT. CONCLUSIONS Both SCB and RT influenced multiple cognitive domains. The RT program improved global cognitive functioning, while no improvement was noticed in the SCB group. Decision making, visual attention and global cognitive function were improved after the RT program. Set-shifting, short-term visual memory processing speed of simple visual stimuli were improved after the SCB program, while a decrease in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli was noted in the RT group. Changes in irisin were related to set-shifting and short-term memory, while in BDNF to an improvement in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli. Resistance exercise training programs could be applied to prevent age related declines of cognitive function in healthy older subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kujawska
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dębowa 3, 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Djordje G. Jakovljevic
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Research Centre [CSELS], Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, and University Hospitals, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Błażej Stankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Jana Karola Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Julia L. Newton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dębowa 3, 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Warsaw Medical University, 1b Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Kim M, Lee D, Kim W, Eun Lee J, Lee J, Tae Kim Y, Lee SK, Soo Oh S, Soo Park K, Baek Koh S, Kim C, Jung YC. Associations between altered functional connectivity of attentional networks and sleep quality among firefighters. Neurosci Lett 2022; 791:136924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Stepan ME, Wilckens KA, Hostler D, Wallace ML, Franzen PL. Physical Exertion Partially Mitigates Task-Switching Deficits From Sleep Loss: Implications for Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e622-e628. [PMID: 35901201 PMCID: PMC9529911 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate effects of physical exertion on cognitive deficits from sleep loss under conditions that mimic a firefighting scenario. METHODS Twenty-four male participants completed a crossover study design with 3 conditions: total sleep deprivation, sleep disruption (three 60-minute awakenings), and rested control. Participants then completed 50 minutes of a physical exertion task involving treadmill exercise in a heated room while wearing firefighter protective clothing. Vigilant attention and task-switching performance were assessed pre- and post-sleep manipulation and pre- and post-physical exertion. Vigilant attention was also assessed mid-physical exertion. RESULTS Total sleep deprivation and sleep disruption increased attentional lapses and task-switching RT. Total sleep deprivation additionally reduced task-switching accuracy. Performance after physical exertion improved only for task-switching RT after total sleep deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Physical exertion selectively mitigated task-switching RT deficits from the most severe sleep loss condition, total sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Hostler
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Peter L. Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Wang Y, Yang X, Xiao L, Li W, Huo X, Wang C, Li M, Sun T. Altered anterior insula-superior frontal gyrus functional connectivity is correlated with cognitive impairment following total sleep deprivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 624:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim YT, Kim W, Bae MJ, Choi JE, Kim MJ, Oh SS, Park KS, Park S, Lee SK, Koh SB, Kim C. The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on changes in the brain structure of firefighters: An analysis using data from the Firefighters Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151655. [PMID: 34785224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion of organic matter, and firefighters are highly exposed to these toxic compounds at fire sites. Exposure to PAHs can cause cognitive decline and neurodegeneration; however, to date, few studies have examined the potential effects of PAH exposure on structural changes in the brain. We aimed to investigate the association between the four types of PAH metabolites and the corresponding changes in neuroimaging markers based on smoking status and hypertension in male firefighters. For this, we utilized the 2-year follow-up data of 301 Korean male firefighters aged over 40 years. The concentrations of four PAH metabolites in urine were measured. Subcortical volume and cortical thickness were estimated using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the effects of PAHs on changes in the subcortical volume and cortical thickness. We found an association between 1-hydroxyphenathrene (1-OHPHE) and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHF) and changes in several brain regions in all the study participants. Individuals who had never smoked showed significantly thinner frontal (p < 0.001), parietal (p < 0.001), temporal (p < 0.001), and cingulate lobes (p < 0.001) with 1% increase each in the urinary concentration of 1-OHPHE. Hypertension interacted with the concentration of 1-OHPHE to reduce the volume of gray matter and cause cortical thinning in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Exposure to PAHs may reduce cortical thickness and subcortical volume, which are definitive markers of neurodegeneration. Notably, hypertension can accelerate the degenerative effects of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tae Kim
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Joo Bae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Choi
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ji Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Billings JM. Firefighter sleep: a pilot study of the agreement between actigraphy and self-reported sleep measures. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:109-117. [PMID: 34314350 PMCID: PMC8807900 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the extent of agreement between self-reported measurements of total sleep time (TST) and actigraphy in the fire and emergency services occupation. METHODS Twenty-four firefighters participated in an 18-day study. Four measurements were used to assess TST: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a newly developed habitual Extended Sleep Survey, a newly developed daily Emergency Services Sleep Diary (ESSD), and actigraphy. The Extended Sleep Survey and ESSD were constructed to address the specific job-related characteristics of fire and emergency services that other measurements cannot achieve (eg, multiple sleep episode in a single night). RESULTS The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index TST is least accurate compared to actigraphy. The Extended Sleep Survey TST shows improvement over Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index TST, but was statistically different from actigraphy TST. No difference in mean TST was found between ESSD TST and actigraphy TST. Furthermore, ESSD TST and actigraphy TST correlated strongly together. CONCLUSIONS Without modification, traditional self-reported measures may not be appropriate in the fire and emergency service occupation. This study suggests that the ESSD may serve as a useful alternative to actigraphy to measure TST. CITATION Billings JM. Firefighter sleep: a pilot study of the agreement between actigraphy and self-reported sleep measures. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(1):109-117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Billings
- Address correspondence to: Joel M. Billings, PhD, Department of Security and Emergency Services, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Boulevard, Daytona Beach, Florida 32114;
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Mueller AK, Singh A, Webber MP, Hall CB, Prezant DJ, Zeig‐Owens R. PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns in WTC-exposed and non-WTC-exposed firefighters. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:803-814. [PMID: 34415073 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firefighting has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health conditions. We previously found that among Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) responders to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster, higher-intensity WTC-exposure predicted PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns. The present study aims to compare these symptoms in the FDNY WTC-exposed cohort versus a comparison cohort of non-FDNY, non-WTC-exposed firefighters. METHODS The study population included WTC-exposed male firefighters from FDNY (N = 8466) and non-WTC-exposed male firefighters from Chicago (N = 1195), Philadelphia (N = 770), and San Francisco (N = 650) fire departments who were employed on 9/11/2001 and completed a health questionnaire between 3/1/2018 and 12/31/2020. Current PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns were assessed via validated screening instruments. Multivariable linear regression analyses stratified by fire department estimated the impact of covariates on each outcome. RESULTS Adjusted mean PTSD symptom scores ranged from 23.5 ± 0.6 in Chicago firefighters to 25.8 ± 0.2 in FDNY, and adjusted mean depressive symptom scores ranged from 7.3 ± 0.5 in Chicago to 9.4 ± 0.6 in Philadelphia. WTC-exposure was associated with fewer subjective cognitive concerns (β = -0.69 ± 0.05, p < .001) after controlling for covariates. Across cohorts, older age was associated with more cognitive concerns, but fewer PTSD and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS WTC-exposed firefighters had fewer cognitive concerns compared with non-WTC-exposed firefighters. We were unable to estimate associations between WTC exposure and PTSD symptoms or depressive symptoms due to variability between non-WTC-exposed cohorts. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to assess PTSD, depressive, and cognitive symptom trajectories in firefighter populations as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Mueller
- Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonology Division Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA
| | - Ankura Singh
- Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonology Division Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA
| | - Mayris P. Webber
- Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | - Charles B. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | - David J. Prezant
- Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonology Division Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA
| | - Rachel Zeig‐Owens
- Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonology Division Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
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Han YR, Yun JA, Jeong KS, Ahn YS, Choi KS. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and neurocognitive functioning in fire fighters: The mediating role of sleep problems and resilience. Compr Psychiatry 2021; 109:152250. [PMID: 34116367 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firefighters are often exposed to terrible and dangerous scenes due to their duties, and thus have a high risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between PTSD symptoms, sleep problems, resilience and neurocognitive functioning of firefighters, and to identify the sequential mediating effects of sleep problems and resilience on the relationship between PTSD symptoms and neurocognitive functioning (especially psychomotor speed and processing speed). METHODS Data were collected from 325 firefighters in eight fire departments in four regions of Korea. Subjects performed neurocognitive function tests and completed the following questionnaires: Primary Care PTSD Screening, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-K and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2. The correlation and dual mediation effects were analysed using SPSS 22.0 program and PROCESS macro 3.4 program. RESULTS PTSD symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, sleep problems and resilience were significantly correlated with each other. In the sequential mediation model, the relationship between PTSD and psychomotor speed/processing speed was sequentially mediated by sleep problems and resilience after adjusting for demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS The PTSD symptoms of firefighters were related to a sequential link between sleep problems, low resilience and decreased neurocognitive function. These findings could serve as a basis for more effective and integrated interventional strategies for facilitating better neurocognitive functioning in firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Han
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Yun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sook Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Yun JA, Jeong KS, Ahn YS, Han Y, Choi KS. The Interaction of Inflammatory Markers and Alcohol-Use on Cognitive Function in Korean Male Firefighters. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:205-213. [PMID: 33685038 PMCID: PMC8016693 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive functions have been shown to become impaired due to alcoholism. Recently, neuroinflammation gained attention for playing a role in the neurotoxic effect of alcohol. However, there is limited data on the relationship between alcohol and cognitive function, based on the mechanism of inflammation. This study examined whether the interaction between alcohol use and pro-inflammatory biomarkers is related to cognitive function in Korean male firefighters. METHODS A total of 474 firefighters were assessed for alcohol-related problems using CAGE, cognitive functions, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α). Sequential multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine if inflammatory markers moderate the relationship between alcohol use and cognitive function. RESULTS Only a decreased attentional function was associated with the interaction of alcohol use and inflammatory markers, after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, lipid profiles, smoking, depression, fatigue, self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and musculoskeletal problems. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the interaction between alcohol use and inflammation is related to attentional function in Korean male firefighters. Additionally, this cross-sectional study suggests that diminishing attention, related to alcohol use, may be based on the mechanism of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Yun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Han
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sook Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Shi Y, Bender B, McGovern P, Jung EM, DeMoulin D, Jacobs S, Prichard JR, Kim H. Daytime sleepiness among Midwestern firefighters. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:433-440. [PMID: 33138730 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1841718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the most common symptom of sleep-disorders. Although high levels of EDS have been reported among firefighters, there is a limited understanding on EDS in firefighters. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in full-time firefighters (n = 275). The survey included the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess EDS, as well as other questions related to job characteristics, health history, and demographics. Firefighters reported inadequate sleep hours, extremely short sleep latencies, and high EDS higher than the general population. A majority of firefighters indicated a willingness to consult with a sleep professional. Risk factors associated with EDS included at least five years of professional experiences and depression diagnosis. Our findings suggest that EDS is widespread among firefighters. With increasing time on the job, frequencies of both obesity and EDS increase, which can have severe and compounding effects on health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Shi
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bridget Bender
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patricia McGovern
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eun Mi Jung
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas DeMoulin
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samuel Jacobs
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - J Roxanne Prichard
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hyun Kim
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Zalewski P, Kujawski S, Tudorowska M, Morten K, Tafil-Klawe M, Klawe JJ, Strong J, Estévez-López F, Murovska M, Newton JL. The Impact of a Structured Exercise Programme upon Cognitive Function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. Brain Sci 2019; 10:E4. [PMID: 31861543 PMCID: PMC7017365 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function disturbance is a frequently described symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). In this study, the effects of a structured exercise programme (SEP) upon cognitive function in ME/CFS patients was examined. METHODS Out of the 53 ME/CFS patients initiating SEP 34 (64%) completed the 16 week programme. Cognitive function was assessed using a computerized battery test consisting of a Simple Reaction Time (SRT) (repeated three times) and Choice Reaction Time (CRT) measurements, a Visual Attention Test (VAT) and a Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS) assessment. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement was noted in the third attempt to SRT in reaction time for correct answers, p = 0.045, r = 0.24. Moreover, significant improvement was noted in VAT reaction time, number of correct answers and errors committed, p = 0.02, omega = 0.03, p = 0.007, r = 0.34 and p = 0.004, r = 0.35, respectively. Non-significant changes were noted in other cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS A substantial number of participants were unwilling or unable to complete the exercise programme. ME/CFS patients able to complete the SEP showed improved visual attention both in terms of reaction time and correctness of responses and processing speed of simple visual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Karl Morten
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, The Women Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
- Department of Human Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek J. Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - James Strong
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, The Women Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Fernando Estévez-López
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Julia L. Newton
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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