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Cooley SA, Nelson B, Boerwinkle A, Yarasheski KE, Kirmess KM, Meyer MR, Schindler SE, Morris JC, Fagan A, Ances BM, O’Halloran JA. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 Ratios in Older People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1776-1783. [PMID: 36610788 PMCID: PMC10209437 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) age, it remains unclear whether they are at higher risk for age-related neurodegenerative disorders-for example, Alzheimer disease (AD)-and, if so, how to differentiate HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment from AD. We examined a clinically available blood biomarker test for AD (plasma amyloid-β [Aβ] 42/Aβ40 ratio) in PWH who were cognitively normal (PWH_CN) or cognitively impaired (PWH_CI) and people without HIV (PWoH) who were cognitively normal (PWoH_CN) or had symptomatic AD (PWoH_AD). METHODS A total of 66 PWH (age >40 years) (HIV RNA <50 copies/mL) and 195 PWoH provided blood samples, underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and completed a neuropsychological battery or clinical dementia rating scale. Participants were categorized by impairment (PWH_CN, n = 43; PWH_CI, n = 23; PWoH_CN, n = 138; PWoH_AD, n = 57). Plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations were obtained using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to calculate the PrecivityAD amyloid probability score (APS). The APS incorporates age and apolipoprotein E proteotype into a risk score for brain amyloidosis. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios and APSs were compared between groups and assessed for relationships with hippocampal volumes or cognition and HIV clinical characteristics (PWH only). RESULTS The plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was significantly lower, and the APS higher, in PWoH_AD than in other groups. A lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and higher APS was associated with smaller hippocampal volumes for PWoH_AD. The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and APS were not associated with cognition or HIV clinical measures for PWH. CONCLUSIONS The plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio can serve as a screening tool for AD and may help differentiate effects of HIV from AD within PWH, but larger studies with older PWH are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Cooley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brittany Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anna Boerwinkle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anne Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jane A O’Halloran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Association between long-term usage of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and lung cancer in the elderly: a nationwide cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3531. [PMID: 35241672 PMCID: PMC8894396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) usage and the risk of lung cancer. Data from 116,106 new users of AChEI and 348,318, at a ratio of 1:3, matched by age, sex, and index-year, between 2000 and 2015 controls were obtained from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database in this cohort study. The Cox regression model was used to compare the risk of lung cancer. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of lung cancer for AChEI users was 1.198 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.765–1.774, p = 0.167). However, the adjusted HR for patients aged ≥ 65 was adjusted to HR: 1.498 (95% CI = 1.124–1.798, p < 0.001), in contrast to the comparison groups. In addition, patients with comorbidities such as pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pneumoconiosis, pulmonary alveolar pneumonopathy, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, depression, anxiety, smoking-related diseases, dementia, and seeking medical help from medical centers and regional hospitals, were associated with a higher risk in lung cancer. Furthermore, longer-term usage of rivastigmine (366–730 days, ≥ 731 days) and galantamine (≥ 731 days) was associated with the risk of lung cancer. AChEI increased the risk of lung cancer in the older aged patients, several comorbidities, and a longer-term usage of rivastigmine and galantamine. Therefore, physicians should estimate the risks and benefits of AChEI usage and avoid prescribing antidepressants concurrently.
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Yang HY, Chien WC, Chung CH, Su RY, Lai CY, Yang CC, Tzeng NS. Risk of dementia in patients with toxoplasmosis: a nationwide, population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:435. [PMID: 34454590 PMCID: PMC8401101 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 25–30% of individuals worldwide are infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which is difficult to detect in its latent state. We aimed to evaluate the association between toxoplasmosis, the risk of dementia, and the effects of antibiotics in Taiwan. Methods This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database containing the records of 2 million individuals retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Fine–Gray competing risk analysis was used to determine the risk for the development of dementia in the toxoplasmosis cohort relative to the non-toxoplasmosis cohort. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted. The effects of antibiotics (sulfadiazine or clindamycin) on the risk of dementia were also analyzed. Results We enrolled a total of 800 subjects, and identified 200 patients with toxoplasmosis and 600 sex- and age-matched controls without toxoplasmosis infection in a ratio of 1:3, selected between 2000 and 2015. The crude hazard ratio (HR) of the risk of developing dementia was 2.570 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.511–4.347, P < 0.001]. After adjusting for sex, age, monthly insurance premiums, urbanization level, geographical region, and comorbidities, the adjusted HR was 2.878 (95% CI = 1.709–4.968, P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis revealed that toxoplasmosis was associated with the risk of dementia even after excluding diagnosis in the first year and the first 5 years. The usage of sulfadiazine or clindamycin in the treatment of toxoplasmosis was associated with a decreased risk of dementia. Conclusions This finding supports the evidence that toxoplasmosis is associated with dementia and that antibiotic treatment against toxoplasmosis is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Further studies are necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms of these associations. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04928-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yi Yang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Yu Su
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chi Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Yeh HW, Chien WC, Chung CH, Chang HA, Kao YC, Tzeng NS. Eating disorders and the risk of esophageal and stomach cancers-A nationwide, population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:959-968. [PMID: 32914482 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown elevated cancer risk in anorexia nervosa but the literature on other eating disorders (EDs) is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association between all EDs and esophageal, stomach, and other cancers. METHODS We used a retrospective cohort design, based on a two-million randomized longitudinal health insurance dataset, a sub-dataset of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. From all the potential participants aged 20 years or more, a total of 6,628 participants were enrolled, including 1,657 patients with EDs, with sex-, age-, and indexed date-matched (1:3) 4,971 controls. Each participant was individually tracked from 2000 to 2015 to identify incident cases of cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), stomach cancer (SC), and all other cancers (AOC). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was employed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between EDs and cancer. RESULTS Of the total 6,628 enrollees, 222 in 1,657 individuals with EDs and 810 in the 4,971 non-ED control individuals developed cancer (1,262.40 vs. 1,472.15 per 100,000 person-years), and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was not statistically significant (log-rank, p = .324). However, after adjusting for covariates, the risk of EC and SC among the individuals with an ED was significantly higher, with adjusted HRs of 5.32 (95% CI: 1.07-26.49, p < .001) and 4.61 (95% CI: 1.91-11.14, p < .001), respectively. EDs were not associated with other cancers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the association between EDs and the risk for EC and SC. Further research on mechanisms and prevention is therefore needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Yeh
- Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lam JO, Hou CE, Hojilla JC, Anderson AN, Gilsanz P, Alexeeff SE, Levine-Hall T, Hood N, Lee C, Satre DD, Silverberg MJ. Comparison of dementia risk after age 50 between individuals with and without HIV infection. AIDS 2021; 35:821-828. [PMID: 33394681 PMCID: PMC7969394 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare risk of dementia after age 50 by HIV status among individuals in a primary care setting. DESIGN Observational cohort study; participants were identified from 2013 to 2017 and followed through 2019. METHODS Participants were people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and demographically similar people without HIV (PWOH), all at least 50 years old and with no prior diagnosis of dementia. The study setting was Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare delivery system in the United States. Incident dementia diagnoses and baseline data on sociodemographics, smoking, alcohol use, other substance use, and clinical factors were gathered from the electronic health record. Cumulative proportion of incident dementia by HIV status was assessed using Kaplan--Meier curves. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for incident dementia by HIV status were generated using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale. RESULTS The study included 5381 PWH and 119 022 PWOH (average age at baseline: 57 and 58 years, respectively). Incident dementia was diagnosed in 117 PWH and 2427 PWOH. By age 80, 25.8% of PWH and 13.8% of PWOH had been diagnosed with dementia, corresponding with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 1.98 (95% CI 1.64-2.39). After adjustment for sociodemographic, substance use, and clinical factors, including frequency of outpatient visits, the risk of dementia among PWH remained elevated (vs. PWOH, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% CI 1.31-1.92). CONCLUSION Compared with PWOH, PWH were at 58% higher risk for dementia despite HIV treatment with ART. Research is needed to investigate the potential benefits of targeted risk factor management or earlier cognitive screening in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O Lam
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Craig E Hou
- South San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, South San Francisco
| | - J Carlo Hojilla
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paola Gilsanz
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Tory Levine-Hall
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Nicole Hood
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Catherine Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Derek D Satre
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hu JM, Lee CC, Lin TC, Chung CH, Chen CY, Chang PK, Hsiao CW, Sun CA, Tzeng NS, Chien WC. Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:537137. [PMID: 33613335 PMCID: PMC7892783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.537137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between attention-deficit hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD) and the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) is, as yet, to be investigated, and thus, we have conducted this nationwide, cohort study to examine the association in patients from Taiwan. Methods: In this study, 798 individuals with newly diagnosed ADHD and 2,394 (1:3) age-, gender-, and index year- matched controls without ADHD were enrolled, between 2000 and 2013, from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, a subset of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The cumulative incidence of CRC was assessed in each cohort by the Kaplan-Meier method. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the crude, and the adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was conducted to estimate the association between ADHD and CRC. Results: The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative incidence of CRC was significantly higher in patients with ADHD than in those without it (log rank test, p < 0.001). After adjustments for age, gender, comorbidities, and other covariates, the ADHD group was associated with an increased risk of CRC in comparison to the non-ADHD group (adjusted HR = 3.458, 95% CI = 1.640-7.293, p < 0.001). In addition, the usage of methylphenidate was not associated with the risk of developing CRC in patients with ADHD. Conclusion: This retrospective cohort study depicts the evidence that ADHD was associated with the increased risk of CRC. Further studies are needed to confirm the association and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Ming Hu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Medical Informatics Office, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Medical Informatics Office, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Artificial Intelligence Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chiao Lin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yang Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Hsiao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang YC, Chien WC, Chung CH, Chang HA, Kao YC, Wan FJ, Huang SH, Chung RJ, Wang RS, Wang BL, Tzeng NS, Sun CA. Risk of Psychiatric Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in an Asian Population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:587-604. [PMID: 33654401 PMCID: PMC7910105 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s268360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that can damage neurons in the brain and spinal cord and is associated with several psychiatric disorders. However, few studies have evaluated the risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with MS by using a nationwide database. This study investigated the association between MS and the risk of psychiatric disorders. METHODS Using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2015, we identified 1066 patients with MS. After adjustment for confounding factors, Fine and Gray's competing risk model was used to compare the risk of psychiatric disorders during 15 years of follow-up. RESULTS Of the patients with MS, 531 (4622.86 per 105 person years) developed psychiatric disorders; by contrast, 891 of the 3198 controls (2485.31 per 105 person years) developed psychiatric disorders. Fine and Gray's competing risk model revealed an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 5.044 (95% confidence interval = 4.448-5.870, p < 0.001) after adjustment for all the covariates. MS was associated with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and other psychotic disorders (adjusted HR: 12.464, 4.650, 6.987, 9.103, 2.552, 2.600, 2.441, and 2.574, respectively; all p < 0.001). Some disease-modifying drugs were associated with a lower risk of anxiety or depression. CONCLUSION Patients with MS were determined to have a higher risk of developing a wide range of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ching Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jung Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Richard S Wang
- Program of Data Analytic and Business Computing, Stern School of Business, New York University, USA
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Tzeng NS, Chung CH, Chang CC, Chang HA, Kao YC, Chang SY, Chien WC. What could we learn from SARS when facing the mental health issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak? A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:339. [PMID: 33024072 PMCID: PMC7538046 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There were several studies about the psychiatric and mental health issues related to the severe adult respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, however, the association between SARS and the overall risk of psychiatric disorders and suicides has, as yet, to be studied in Taiwan. The aim of this study is to examine as to whether SARS is associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide. A total of 285 patients with SARS and 2850 controls without SARS (1:10) matched for sex, age, insurance premium, comorbidities, residential regions, level of medical care, and index date were selected between February 25 and June 15, 2003 from the Inpatient Database Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. During the 12-year follow-up, in which 79 in the SARS cohort and 340 in the control group developed psychiatric disorders or suicide (4047.41 vs. 1535.32 per 100,000 person-years). Fine and Gray's survival analysis revealed that the SARS cohort was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide, and the adjusted subdistribution HR (sHR) was 2.805 (95% CI: 2.182-3.605, p < 0.001) for psychiatric disorders and suicide. The SARS cohort was associated with anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder/acute stress disorder (PTSD/ASD), and suicide. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the SARS group was associated with anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, PTSD/ASD, and suicide after the individuals with a diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and suicide were excluded within the first year, and with anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, while those in the first five years were excluded. In conclusion, SARS was associated with the increased risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yueh Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE People living with HIV (PLWH) may be at an increased risk for dementia as they age. Surprisingly, it remains unclear whether PLWH have a higher risk of developing dementia in late life than those without. We explored whether HIV-infection is associated with incident dementia diagnosis in older U.S. veterans accounting for potential confounders and competing risk of death. METHODS We included 1114 veterans diagnosed with HIV, ages at least 55 years (mean = 62 years, SD = 6), followed in the Veterans Health Administration healthcare system from 2004 to 2015, and a propensity-matched comparison group (n = 1114) without HIV. HIV and dementia diagnoses were determined using electronic medical records. Using Fine-Gray proportional hazards models, we examined whether HIV status was associated with a greater risk of incident dementia. RESULTS During follow-up (mean = 7 years, SD = 4 from date of HIV diagnosis), 5% of veteran PLWH developed dementia compared with 3% without (P = 0.01). Accounting for the competing risk of death and adjusted for demographics, substance use, education and income, PLWH remained 50% more likely to receive a dementia diagnosis [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval 0.96-2.35]. Although combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) exposure was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia, this was driven by differences in illness severity as captured by CD4 cell count. There was no evidence of a differential effect by cART class. CONCLUSION In a cohort of older USA veterans, HIV infection increased risk of dementia by 50%, while exposure to cART did not offset this risk. It is critical to understand the mechanisms by which HIV increases risk for developing dementia in later life.
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Tzeng NS, Chien WC, Chung CH, Chang HA, Kao YC, Liu YP. Association between amphetamine-related disorders and dementia-a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1284-1295. [PMID: 32608133 PMCID: PMC7448166 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We have conducted a study to clarify the association between amphetamine‐related disorders (ARD) and the risk of developing dementia. Methods This study used a retrospective cohort design by using Taiwan’s National Health Research Institute Database. A random sample of 68,300 subjects between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, was obtained, comprising of 17,075 patients with ARD, and 51,225 controls without ARD (1:3), matched for gender and age group. After adjusting for covariates, a Fine and Gray’s survival analysis (competing with mortality) was used to compare the risk of dementia during a 15‐year follow‐up period. Results In the present study, 1,751 of 17,075 patients with ARD and 2,147 of 51,225 in the control group without ARD (883.10 vs 342.83 per 100,000 person‐years) developed dementia. ARD cohort was more likely to develop dementia (hazard ratio = 4.936 [95% CI: 4.609–5.285, P < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, age groups, education, monthly insured premiums, urbanization level, geographic region, comorbidities, the hazard ratio for ARD patients was 5.034 (95% CI: 4.701–5.391, P < 0.001). ARD has been associated with overall dementia, Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia. Both the amphetamine use disorder and amphetamine‐induced psychotic disorders were associated with the risk of overall dementia, Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia. Interpretation This study shows that patients with ARD, both the amphetamine use disorder and the amphetamine‐induced psychotic disorder, may have a nearly fivefold risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer dementia and other types of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yia-Ping Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Psychiatry, Chen-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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11
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Hsing SC, Jin YT, Tzeng NS, Chung CH, Chen TY, Chang HA, Kao YC, Chien WC. Is Agomelatine Associated with Less Sedative-Hypnotic Usage in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder? A Nationwide, Population-Based Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1727-1736. [PMID: 32801707 PMCID: PMC7384877 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s257723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between the usage of agomelatine in patients with major depressive disorder and the usage of sedative-hypnotics. METHODS This population-based, cross-sectional study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) between 2012 and 2015. The agomelatine-only group and matched control (1:3) with the usage of other antidepressants were enrolled. The association between the usage of the agomelatine and other antidepressants and the usage of sedative-hypnotics in the patients were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 7961 subjects were enrolled comprising 1985 with the usage of agomelatine only, and 5976 with other antidepressants. In the present study, a total of 3322 subjects who used the sedative-hypnotics were recorded, with 811 (40.86%) from the agomelatine-only group and 2511 (42.02%) from the non-agomelatine group, which have used sedative-hypnotics. After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio (OR) of the usage of sedative-hypnotics in the agomelatine only-group was 0.892 (95% CI: 0.306-1.601, p = 0.533), in comparison to the controls, and the relative risk (RR) of the usage of sedative-hypnotics in the agomelatine only-group was 0.910 (95% CI: 0.312-1.633, p = 0.520), in comparison to the controls. No matter as to whether the treatment duration was <30 days or ≧ 30 days of agomelatine treatment was not associated with the increased usage of the sedative-hypnotics. The OR or RR for usage of the sedative-hypnotics was associated with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores as 2, 3, and ≧ 4, and the medical care from the medical center and regional hospital. CONCLUSION Patients with the agomelatine-only group were not associated with the usage of sedative-hypnotics in comparison to the group using other antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Hsing
- Center for Healthcare Quality Management, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Technology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Heath Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yo-Ting Jin
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Keelung Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Chiou YE, Chien WC, Chung CH, Chang HA, Kao YC, Tsay PK, Tzeng NS. New Users of Herbal Medicine Containing Aristolochic Acids and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study in Taiwan. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1493-1504. [PMID: 32606702 PMCID: PMC7297452 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s250659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicine containing aristolochic acids (HMCAA) was used for inflammatory and infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between the usage of HMCAA and the risk of dementia. METHODS A total of 199 new users of HMCAA were enrolled, along with 597 controls without the usage of HMCAA, at a ratio of 1:3 - matched by age, sex, and comorbidity, between 2000 and 2003 - from the National Health Research Institutes Database (NHRID) of Taiwan, which contains two million randomly sampled subjects, in this cohort study. We used Fine and Gray's survival analysis (competing with mortality) to compare the risk of developing dementia during a 15-year follow-up period (2000-2015). RESULTS In general, HMCAA was not significantly associated with dementia (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 0.861, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.484-1.532, p = 0.611) for the HMCAA-cohort, although differential risk was observed among the groups at risk. The patients with usage of HMCAA aged ≧ 85 years were associated with a higher risk in dementia (adjusted SHR: 6.243, 95% CI=1.258-21.084, p = 0.001), in comparison to those aged 50-54 years. Furthermore, the patients with usage of HMCAA that had cerebrovascular accidents were associated with an increased risk of dementia. CONCLUSION The usage of HMCAA was associated with the risk of developing dementia in the patients aged ≧ 85 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Er Chiou
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Song-Shan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kwei Tsay
- Department of Public Health and Center of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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