1
|
Watson CR, Eaton A, Campbell CI, Alexeeff SE, Avalos LA, Ridout KK, Young-Wolff KC. Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience With Depression and Anxiety During Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2024; 143:707-710. [PMID: 38422503 PMCID: PMC11031296 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant individuals in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California system who were screened for adverse childhood experiences and resilience as part of standard prenatal care at about 16 weeks of gestation. Overall, 14,625 pregnancies were included; 17.0% had newly identified depression; 9.8% had newly identified depression symptoms; and 8.9% had newly identified anxiety during the pregnancy with no known preexisting diagnosis. We found that adverse childhood experiences and low resilience were independently associated with newly identified depressive disorders, depression symptoms, and anxiety disorders during pregnancy. When adverse childhood experiences and resilience were modeled in combination, the greatest odds of each outcome occurred in individuals with a combination of four or more adverse childhood experiences and low resilience (vs no adverse childhood experiences and high resilience): depression adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.43 (95% CI, 5.23-7.90), depression symptoms aOR 9.49 (95% CI, 7.50-12.0), and anxiety disorder aOR 4.79 (95% CI, 3.81-6.02). Routine screening for adverse childhood experiences and resilience may identify individuals at risk of developing prenatal depression and anxiety, allowing faster resource linkage and potentially improved maternal and child outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carey R. Watson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Antioch Medical Center
| | - Abigail Eaton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | | | | | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Kathryn K. Ridout
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Rosa Medical Center
| | - Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uong SP, Torres JM, Alexeeff SE, Morey BN, Caan BJ, Kushi LH, Kroenke CH. Differences in Smoking Behavior by Nativity, Race/Ethnicity, and Education Among Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024:734234. [PMID: 38345508 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated smoking differences across nativity and race/ethnicity among women diagnosed with breast cancer. METHODS In our Northern Californian pooled population of 5,653 [670 Asian, 690 Hispanic, and 4,300 Non-Hispanic White (White)] women diagnosed with breast cancer, we evaluated smoking differences across nativity, race/ethnicity, and acculturation and effect modification of nativity by race/ethnicity and education. RESULTS Foreign-born women currently smoked less than US-born women [odds ratio (OR) = 0.46, 95% confidence limit (CL): 0.29, 0.72]. Hispanic (OR = 0.50, 95% CL: 0.32, 0.78) women currently smoked less than White women. Among those who ever smoked (n = 2,557), foreign-born women smoked 5.23 fewer pack-years (PY) than US-born women (95% CL: -2.75, -7.70). Furthermore, Asian (-4.60, 95% CL: -0.81, -8.39) and Hispanic (-6.79, 95% CL: -4.14, -9.43) women smoked fewer PY than White women. Associations were generally suggestive of greater smoking with greater acculturation (immigration age, US years, survey language). Finally, associations for nativity differed by education but not race/ethnicity, with a higher likelihood of smoking in US-born women only among those with less than a bachelor's degree (OR = 2.84, 95% CL: 2.15, 3.77) (current smoking: p = 0.01, PY: p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Asian and Hispanic (vs. White) and foreign-born (vs. US-born) breast cancer survivors reported fewer smoking behaviors. Smoking differences across nativity and education were driven by higher rates of smoking in US-born women with lower educational attainment. IMPACT Smoking behavioral patterns were similar among breast cancer survivors and the general population, informing potential smoking interventions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Iturralde E, Fazzolari L, Slama NE, Alexeeff SE, Sterling SA, Awsare S, Koshy MT, Shia M. Telehealth Collaborative Care Led by Clinical Pharmacists for People With Psychosis or Bipolar Disorder: A Propensity Weighted Comparison With Usual Psychiatric Care. J Clin Psychiatry 2024; 85:23m14917. [PMID: 38301189 PMCID: PMC10868914 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.23m14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective: People with psychosis or bipolar disorder (severe and persistent mental illness [SPMI]) are at high risk for poor psychiatric and chronic illness outcomes, which could be ameliorated through improved health care quality. This study assessed whether a telehealth, collaborative care program managed by psychiatric clinical pharmacists (SPMI Population Care) was associated with improved health care quality for adults with SPMI in a large California health system. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data to compare 968 program enrollees at 6 demonstration sites (Population Care) to 8,339 contemporaneous patients with SPMI at 6 non-program sites (Usual Care). SPMI diagnoses were based on ICD-10-CM diagnostic codes. Primary outcomes were optimal psychotropic medication adherence, guideline-recommended glycemic screening, annual psychiatrist visit, and emergency department use. Difference-in-difference analyses assessed change in outcomes from 12 months pre- to 12 months post-enrollment using overlap weighting with high dimensional propensity scores to balance participant characteristics across groups. Participant data were collected from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022. Results: From pre- to post-enrollment, Population Care was associated with greater achievement of psychotropic medication adherence and glycemic screening (+6 and +9 percentage points), but unexpectedly with a decrease in annual psychiatrist visits (-6 percentage points) and no significant change in emergency department use, relative to Usual Care. More than 75% of Population Care participants attended an intake and ≥ 1 follow-up visits. Participants with psychosis (26% of sample) had similar results as those with bipolar disorder. Conclusions: Clinical pharmacist-led telehealth collaborative care has potential to improve psychopharmacologic treatment adherence and recommended disease preventive screening for people with psychosis or bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esti Iturralde
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Drs Iturralde and Fazzolari are co-first authors
- Corresponding Author: Esti Iturralde, PhD, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612
| | - Lisa Fazzolari
- Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Drs Iturralde and Fazzolari are co-first authors
| | - Natalie E Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Stacy A Sterling
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Sameer Awsare
- Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Maria T Koshy
- Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Macy Shia
- Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silverberg MJ, Levine TM, Lea AN, Williams AE, Alexeeff SE, Bryant K, Cavassini M, Flamm JA, Hare CB, Ingle SM, Justice AC, Lam JO, Sterling SA, Horberg MA, Satre DD. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control in People With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2024:ciad728. [PMID: 38227614 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and other modifiable factors may mitigate the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) compared with people without HIV (PWoH). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 8285 PWH and 170 517 PWoH from an integrated health system. Risk factor control was measured using a novel disease management index (DMI) accounting for amount/duration above treatment goals (0% to 100% [perfect control]), including 2 DMIs for hypertension (diastolic and systolic blood pressure), 3 for dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides), and 1 for diabetes (HbA1c). CVD risk by HIV status was evaluated overall and in subgroups defined by DMIs, smoking, alcohol use, and overweight/obesity in adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS PWH and PWoH had similar DMIs (80%-100%) except for triglycerides (worse for PWH) and HbA1c (better for PWH). In adjusted models, PWH had an elevated risk of CVD compared with PWoH (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.31). This association was attenuated in subgroups with controlled dyslipidemia and diabetes but remained elevated for PWH with controlled hypertension or higher total cholesterol. The strongest HIV status association with CVD was seen in the subgroup with frequent unhealthy alcohol use (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.04-4.34). CONCLUSIONS Control of dyslipidemia and diabetes, but not hypertension, attenuated the HIV status association with CVD. The strong association of HIV and CVD with frequent unhealthy alcohol use suggests enhanced screening and treatment of alcohol problems in PWH is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Silverberg
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Tory M Levine
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Alexandra N Lea
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Andrew E Williams
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Kendall Bryant
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jason A Flamm
- Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - C Bradley Hare
- Kaiser Permanente SanFrancisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Suzanne M Ingle
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy C Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jennifer O Lam
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Stacy A Sterling
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Michael A Horberg
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek D Satre
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, SanFrancisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sujan AC, Alexeeff SE, Slama NE, Goler N, Avalos LA, Adams SR, Conway A, Ansley D, Pal A, Gunn RL, Micalizzi L, Young-Wolff KC. Agreement Between Self-reports and Urine Toxicology Measures of Illicit Methamphetamine and Cocaine Use During Early Pregnancy. J Addict Med 2024; 18:28-32. [PMID: 37801372 PMCID: PMC10873005 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess agreement between self-report and urine toxicology measures assessing use of 2 illicit simulants (methamphetamine and cocaine) during early pregnancy. METHODS This cross-sectional study of 203,053 pregnancies from 169,709 individuals receiving prenatal care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019, assessed agreement ( κ , sensitivity, and specificity) between self-reported frequency and urine toxicology measures of methamphetamine and cocaine early in pregnancy. RESULTS Prenatal use of the illicit stimulants was rare according to toxicology (n = 244 [0.12%]) and self-report measures (n = 294 [0.14%]). Agreement between these measures was low ( κ < 0.20). Of the 498 positive pregnancies, 40 (8.03%) screened positive on both measures, 204 (40.96%) screened positive on toxicology tests only, and 254 (51.00%) screened positive by self-report only. Relative to toxicology tests, sensitivity of any self-reported use was poor with 16.39% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.75%-21.04%) of pregnancies with a positive toxicology test self-reporting any use in pregnancy. Relative to self-report, sensitivity of toxicology tests was also poor with 13.61% (95% CI, 9.69%-17.52%) of pregnancies who self-reported any use having positive urine toxicology tests. The sensitivity improved slightly at higher frequencies of self-reported use: daily, 17.50% (95% CI, 5.72%-29.29%); weekly, 25.00% (95% CI, 11.58%-38.42%); and monthly or less, 11.06% (95% CI, 6.89%-15.23%). Specificity was high (>99%), reflecting the high negative rate of use. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that using self-report and toxicology measures in combination likely provides the most accurate information on methamphetamine and cocaine use in early pregnancy. Findings also highlight the need to provide supportive nonstigmatizing environments in which pregnant individuals feel comfortable disclosing substance use without fear of punishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha C. Sujan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Natalie E. Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Nancy Goler
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Amy Conway
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Anish Pal
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Rachel L. Gunn
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Lauren Micalizzi
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Van JAD, Luo Y, Danska JS, Dai F, Alexeeff SE, Gunderson EP, Rost H, Wheeler MB. Postpartum defects in inflammatory response after gestational diabetes precede progression to type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study within the SWIFT study. Metabolism 2023; 149:155695. [PMID: 37802200 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a distinctive form of diabetes that first presents in pregnancy. While most women return to normoglycemia after delivery, they are nearly ten times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Current prevention strategies remain limited due to our incomplete understanding of the early underpinnings of progression. AIM To comprehensively characterize the postpartum profiles of women shortly after a GDM pregnancy and identify key mechanisms responsible for the progression to overt type 2 diabetes using multi-dimensional approaches. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of 200 women from the Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes After GDM Pregnancy (SWIFT) to examine biochemical, proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles at 6-9 weeks postpartum (baseline) after a GDM pregnancy. At baseline and annually up to two years, SWIFT administered research 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance tests. Women who developed incident type 2 diabetes within four years of delivery (incident case group, n = 100) were pair-matched by age, race, and pre-pregnancy body mass index to those who remained free of diabetes for at least 8 years (control group, n = 100). Correlation analyses were used to assess and integrate relationships across profiling platforms. RESULTS At baseline, all 200 women were free of diabetes. The case group was more likely to present with dysglycemia (e.g., impaired fasting glucose levels, glucose tolerance, or both). We also detected differences between groups across all omic platforms. Notably, protein profiles revealed an underlying inflammatory response with perturbations in protease inhibitors, coagulation components, extracellular matrix components, and lipoproteins, whereas metabolite and lipid profiles implicated disturbances in amino acids and triglycerides at individual and class levels with future progression. We identified significant correlations between profile features and fasting plasma insulin levels, but not with fasting glucose levels. Additionally, specific cross-omic relationships, particularly among proteins and lipids, were accentuated or activated in the case group but not the control group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we applied orthogonal, complementary profiling techniques to uncover an inflammatory response linked to elevated triglyceride levels shortly after a GDM pregnancy, which is more pronounced in women who progress to overt diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A D Van
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Metabolism Research Group, Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Yihan Luo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Metabolism Research Group, Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feihan Dai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America; Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Hannes Rost
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Metabolism Research Group, Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Avalos LA, Adams SR, Alexeeff SE, Oberman NR, Does MB, Ansley D, Goler N, Padon AA, Silver LD, Young-Wolff KC. Neonatal outcomes associated with in utero cannabis exposure: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023:S0002-9378(23)02034-3. [PMID: 38029850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The full spectrum of associations between in utero cannabis exposure and adverse neonatal outcomes is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the associations between in utero cannabis exposure and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This population-based retrospective cohort study of singleton births among Kaiser Permanente Northern California members (January 1, 2011-July 31, 2020) included parent-infant dyads in which the pregnant parent was screened for cannabis use as part of standard prenatal care, generally upon entrance into care. Data were ascertained from electronic health records. Generalized estimating equation models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, other non-cannabis prenatal substance use, medical and mental health comorbidities, and adequacy of prenatal care. In utero cannabis exposure was defined as self-reported use since becoming pregnant and/or a positive urine toxicology test for cannabis at any time during pregnancy (yes/no; primary exposure). Frequency of use was self-reported and categorized as daily, weekly, monthly or less, never, or unknown (secondary exposure). Neonatal outcomes included low birthweight, small for gestational age, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and infant respiratory support. RESULTS Of 364,924 infants, 22,624 (6.2%) were exposed to cannabis in utero. After adjustment for potential confounders, including in utero exposure to other substances, in utero exposure to cannabis was associated with greater odds of low birthweight (adjusted odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.28), small for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.30), preterm birth (<37 weeks; adjusted odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.13), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.11). There was a suggestive association with early preterm birth (<34 weeks; adjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.23; P=.055), but no significant association with respiratory support (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.18). Dose-response analysis found an increasing likelihood of low birthweight and small for gestational age with increasing frequency of prenatal cannabis use by the pregnant individual. Sensitivity analyses further supported an increased likelihood of low birthweight and small for gestational age, although associations with other outcomes did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION In utero cannabis exposure was associated with increased likelihood of low birthweight, small for gestational age, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Clinicians should counsel individuals who are pregnant or considering pregnancy about the potential adverse neonatal health outcomes associated with prenatal cannabis use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA.
| | - Sara R Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Nina R Oberman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Monique B Does
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Nancy Goler
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | | | - Kelly C Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Avalos LA, Oberman N, Alexeeff SE, Croen LA, Adams SR, Davignon M, Young-Wolff KC. Association between maternal prenatal cannabis use and missed child preventive care visits in an integrated health care delivery system in Northern California. Prev Med 2023; 175:107716. [PMID: 37775081 PMCID: PMC10849893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The periodicity of well-child visits recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics emphasizes the importance of continuity of care in health management. Exposure to cannabis in utero has been associated with adverse development, and adherence to well-child visits is critical for earlier detection and intervention. To assess whether maternal prenatal cannabis use was associated with missed well-child visits in the first three years after birth we conducted a longitudinal cohort study in Kaiser Permanente Northern California of pregnant individuals and their children born between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2018. Maternal prenatal cannabis use was defined as any self-reported cannabis use since becoming pregnant and/or a positive urine toxicology test for cannabis during pregnancy. Well-child visits were defined as an encounter for a well-child visit or physical exam and categorized into seven time periods from birth to 36 months. Modified Poisson regression models were conducted. Of the 168,589 eligible pregnancies, 3.4% screened positive for maternal prenatal cannabis use. Compared to no use, maternal prenatal cannabis use was associated with more missed well-child visits at every time period; (missed 12-month visit: adjusted relative risk (aRR): 1.43, 95%CI: 1.32-1.54; missed 3-year visit: aRR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.11-1.20). Maternal prenatal cannabis use was also associated with missing two or more well-child visits through 36 months of age (35.8% among cannabis users vs. 23.0% among non-users, Χ2p < .001). Educating pregnant individuals who use cannabis on the importance of well-child visits may benefit children's health and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America.
| | - Nina Oberman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara R Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Meghan Davignon
- The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Kelly C Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vabistsevits M, Smith GD, Richardson TG, Richmond RC, Sieh W, Rothstein JH, Habel LA, Alexeeff SE, Lloyd-Lewis B, Sanderson E. The mediating role of mammographic density in the protective effect of early-life adiposity on breast cancer risk: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study. medRxiv 2023:2023.09.01.23294765. [PMID: 37693539 PMCID: PMC10491349 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.23294765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that mammographic density (MD) may have a role in the unexplained protective effect of childhood adiposity on breast cancer risk. Here, we investigated a complex and interlinked relationship between puberty onset, adiposity, MD, and their effects on breast cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR). We estimated the effects of childhood and adulthood adiposity, and age at menarche on MD phenotypes (dense area (DA), non-dense area (NDA), percent density (PD)) using MR and multivariable MR (MVMR), allowing us to disentangle their total and direct effects. Next, we examined the effect of MD on breast cancer risk, including risk of molecular subtypes, and accounting for genetic pleiotropy. Finally, we used MVMR to evaluate whether the protective effect of childhood adiposity on breast cancer was mediated by MD. Childhood adiposity had a strong inverse effect on mammographic DA, while adulthood adiposity increased NDA. Later menarche had an effect of increasing DA and PD, but when accounting for childhood adiposity, this effect attenuated to the null. DA and PD had a risk-increasing effect on breast cancer across all subtypes. The MD single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) estimates were extremely heterogeneous, and examination of the SNPs suggested different mechanisms may be linking MD and breast cancer. Finally, MR mediation analysis estimated that 56% (95% CIs [32% - 79%]) of the childhood adiposity effect on breast cancer risk was mediated via DA. In this work, we sought to disentangle the relationship between factors affecting MD and breast cancer. We showed that higher childhood adiposity decreases mammographic DA, which subsequently leads to reduced breast cancer risk. Understanding this mechanism is of great importance for identifying potential targets of intervention, since advocating weight gain in childhood would not be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vabistsevits
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom G. Richardson
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, United States
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joseph H. Rothstein
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, United States
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Habel LA, Alexeeff SE, Achacoso N, Arasu VA, Gastounioti A, Gerstley L, Klein RJ, Liang RY, Lipson JA, Mankowski W, Margolies LR, Rothstein JH, Rubin DL, Shen L, Sistig A, Song X, Villaseñor MA, Westley M, Whittemore AS, Yaffe MJ, Wang P, Kontos D, Sieh W. Examination of fully automated mammographic density measures using LIBRA and breast cancer risk in a cohort of 21,000 non-Hispanic white women. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:92. [PMID: 37544983 PMCID: PMC10405373 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast density is strongly associated with breast cancer risk. Fully automated quantitative density assessment methods have recently been developed that could facilitate large-scale studies, although data on associations with long-term breast cancer risk are limited. We examined LIBRA assessments and breast cancer risk and compared results to prior assessments using Cumulus, an established computer-assisted method requiring manual thresholding. METHODS We conducted a cohort study among 21,150 non-Hispanic white female participants of the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who were 40-74 years at enrollment, followed for up to 10 years, and had archived processed screening mammograms acquired on Hologic or General Electric full-field digital mammography (FFDM) machines and prior Cumulus density assessments available for analysis. Dense area (DA), non-dense area (NDA), and percent density (PD) were assessed using LIBRA software. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for breast cancer associated with DA, NDA and PD modeled continuously in standard deviation (SD) increments, adjusting for age, mammogram year, body mass index, parity, first-degree family history of breast cancer, and menopausal hormone use. We also examined differences by machine type and breast view. RESULTS The adjusted HRs for breast cancer associated with each SD increment of DA, NDA and PD were 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.57), 0.85 (0.77-0.93) and 1.44 (1.26-1.66) for LIBRA and 1.44 (1.33-1.55), 0.81 (0.74-0.89) and 1.54 (1.34-1.77) for Cumulus, respectively. LIBRA results were generally similar by machine type and breast view, although associations were strongest for Hologic machines and mediolateral oblique views. Results were also similar during the first 2 years, 2-5 years and 5-10 years after the baseline mammogram. CONCLUSION Associations with breast cancer risk were generally similar for LIBRA and Cumulus density measures and were sustained for up to 10 years. These findings support the suitability of fully automated LIBRA assessments on processed FFDM images for large-scale research on breast density and cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CA, Oakland, USA.
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CA, Oakland, USA
| | - Ninah Achacoso
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CA, Oakland, USA
| | - Vignesh A Arasu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CA, Oakland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Aimilia Gastounioti
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lawrence Gerstley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CA, Oakland, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rhea Y Liang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jafi A Lipson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Walter Mankowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurie R Margolies
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Sistig
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mark Westley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CA, Oakland, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin J Yaffe
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Despina Kontos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gunderson EP, Greenberg M, Sun B, Goler N, Go AS, Roberts JM, Nguyen‐Huynh MN, Tao W, Alexeeff SE. Early Pregnancy Systolic Blood Pressure Patterns Predict Early- and Later-Onset Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension Among Ostensibly Low-to-Moderate Risk Groups. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029617. [PMID: 37435795 PMCID: PMC10492985 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinical risk factors, a single blood pressure (BP) measurement, current biomarkers, and biophysical parameters can effectively identify risk of early-onset preeclampsia but have limited ability to predict later-onset preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Clinical BP patterns hold promise to improve early risk stratification for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods and Results After excluding preexisting hypertension, heart, kidney, or liver disease, or prior preeclampsia, the retrospective cohort (n=249 892) all had systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg or a single BP elevation ≤20 weeks' gestation, prenatal care at <14 weeks' gestation, and a still or live birth delivery at Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals (2009-2019). The sample was randomly split into development (N=174 925; 70%) and validation (n=74 967; 30%) data sets. Predictive performance of multinomial logistic regression models for early-onset (<34 weeks) preeclampsia, later-onset (≥34 weeks) preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension was evaluated in the validation data set. There were 1008 (0.4%), 10 766 (4.3%), and 11 514 (4.6%) patients with early-onset preeclampsia, later-onset preeclampsia, and gestation hypertension, respectively. Models with 6 systolic BP trajectory groups (0-20 weeks' gestation) plus standard clinical risk factors performed substantially better than risk factors alone to predict early- and later-onset preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, with C-statistics (95% CIs) of 0.747 (0.720-0.775), 0.730 (0.722-0.739), and 0.768 (0.761-0.776) versus 0.688 (0.659-0.717), 0.695 (0.686-0.704) and 0.692 (0.683-0.701), respectively, with excellent calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow P=0.99, 0.99, and 0.74, respectively). Conclusions Early pregnancy BP patterns up to 20 weeks' gestation plus clinical, social, and behavioral factors more accurately discriminate hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk among low-to-moderate risk pregnancies. Early pregnancy BP trajectories improve risk stratification to reveal higher-risk individuals hidden within ostensibly low-to-moderate risk groups and lower-risk individuals considered at higher risk by US Preventive Services Task Force criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of MedicinePasadenaCAUSA
| | - Mara Greenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical CenterOaklandCAUSA
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Nancy Goler
- The Permanente Medical GroupKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Alan S. Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of MedicinePasadenaCAUSA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Magee‐Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational ResearchUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, PAUSA
| | - Mai N. Nguyen‐Huynh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente, Walnut Creek Medical CenterWalnut CreekCAUSA
| | - Wei Tao
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Herrinton LJ, Lo K, Alavi M, Alexeeff SE, Butler KM, Chang C, Chang CC, Chu VL, Krishnaswami A, Deguzman LH, Prausnitz S, Mason MD, Draves M. Effectiveness of Bundled Hyperpolypharmacy Deprescribing Compared With Usual Care Among Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2322505. [PMID: 37428504 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Older patients using many prescription drugs (hyperpolypharmacy) may be at increased risk of adverse drug effects. Objective To test the effectiveness and safety of a quality intervention intended to reduce hyperpolypharmacy. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial allocated patients 76 years or older who used 10 or more prescription medications to a deprescribing intervention or to usual care (1:1 ratio) at an integrated health system with multiple preexisting deprescribing workflows. Data were collected from October 15, 2020, to July 29, 2022. Intervention Physician-pharmacist collaborative drug therapy management, standard-of-care practice recommendations, shared decision-making, and deprescribing protocols administered by telephone over multiple cycles for a maximum of 180 days after allocation. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary end points were change in the number of medications and in the prevalence of geriatric syndrome (falls, cognition, urinary incontinence, and pain) from 181 to 365 days after allocation compared with before randomization. Secondary outcomes were use of medical services and adverse drug withdrawal effects. Results Of a random sample of 2860 patients selected for potential enrollment, 2470 (86.4%) remained eligible after physician authorization, with 1237 randomized to the intervention and 1233 to usual care. A total of 1062 intervention patients (85.9%) were reached and agreed to enroll. Demographic variables were balanced. The median age of the 2470 patients was 80 (range, 76-104) years, and 1273 (51.5%) were women. In terms of race and ethnicity, 185 patients (7.5%) were African American, 234 (9.5%) were Asian or Pacific Islander, 220 (8.9%) were Hispanic, 1574 (63.7%) were White (63.7%), and 257 (10.4%) were of other (including American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or >1 race or ethnicity) or unknown race or ethnicity. During follow-up, both the intervention and usual care groups had slight reductions in the number of medications dispensed (mean changes, -0.4 [95% CI, -0.6 to -0.2] and -0.4 [95% CI, -0.6 to -0.3], respectively), with no difference between the groups (P = .71). There were no significant changes in the prevalence of a geriatric condition in the usual care and intervention groups at the end of follow-up and no difference between the groups (baseline prevalence: 47.7% [95% CI, 44.9%-50.5%] vs 42.9% [95% CI, 40.1%-45.7%], respectively; difference-in-differences, 1.0 [95% CI, -3.5 to 5.6]; P = .65). No differences in use of medical services or adverse drug withdrawal effects were observed. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial from an integrated care setting with various preexisting deprescribing workflows, a bundled hyperpolypharmacy deprescribing intervention was not associated with reduction in medication dispensing, prevalence of geriatric syndrome, utilization of medical services, or adverse drug withdrawal effects. Additional research is needed in less integrated settings and in more targeted populations. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05616689.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Herrinton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Keras Lo
- Pharmacy Operations, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Mubarika Alavi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Kerri M Butler
- Pharmacy Operations, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Carter Chang
- Adult and Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Virginia L Chu
- Pharmacy Operations, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Ashok Krishnaswami
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Jose
| | - Lynn H Deguzman
- Pharmacy Operations, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Michael D Mason
- Geriatrics and Continuing Care, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Maisha Draves
- Adult and Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sujan AC, Alexeeff SE, Slama N, Avalos LA, Adams SR, Conway A, Ansley D, Young-Wolff KC. Patterns of Substance Use During Early Pregnancy and Associations With Behavioral Health Characteristics. J Addict Med 2023; 17:e141-e147. [PMID: 37267164 PMCID: PMC10110768 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study are to identify patterns of early pregnancy substance use and to examine how these patterns relate to behavioral health conditions measured in early pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study (N= 265,274 pregnancies) screened for alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, pharmaceutical opioids, and stimulants during the first trimester via self-report and urine toxicology tests in Kaiser Permanente Northern California from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. To identify patterns of prenatal substance use, we conducted latent class analysis. We then calculated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, and family drug use history for each prenatal substance use group and compared the prevalences by estimating prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS We identified the following 4 latent groups with different patterns of substance use: ( a ) predominantly alcohol and no other substances (9.30%), ( b ) predominantly cannabis and no other substances (4.88%), ( c ) predominantly nicotine and some pharmaceutical opioids (1.09%), and ( d ) high-polysubstance (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and stimulants; 0.36%); these pregnancies were compared with ( e ) no prenatal substance use (84.37%). The prevalence of all behavioral health conditions was elevated in all prenatal substance use groups compared with the no substance use group. Furthermore, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders, intimate partner violence and family drug use history were greater in the high-polysubstance cluster than the alcohol and cannabis clusters. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of screening and interventions for all types of substance use during early pregnancy and suggest a particularly high need to prioritize targeting early interventions to pregnant and reproductive age individuals with polysubstance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha C. Sujan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Natalie Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Amy Conway
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Young-Wolff KC, Slama N, Sakoda LC, Prochaska JJ, Fogelberg R, Alexeeff SE. Current tobacco smoking and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization: Evaluating the role of socio-demographic factors and comorbidities. Prev Med 2023; 172:107523. [PMID: 37116761 PMCID: PMC10131738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Our recently published study of >2.4 million adults in Northern California indicated that current versus never-tobacco smoking was associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and less severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We extended this research by evaluating whether these associations were moderated by socio-demographic factors and medical comorbidities. This retrospective cohort study of 1,885,826 adults with current or never-smoking status in Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 3/5/2020 (baseline) to 12/31/2020 (pre-vaccine) included electronic health record-based socio-demographics (sex, age, race/ethnicity, neighborhood deprivation index (NDI)) and medical comorbidities (obesity, cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, renal disease, respiratory conditions). We estimated the adjusted risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization (≤30 days of infection) associated with smoking status using Cox proportional hazard regression models. We estimated associations within subgroups of socio-demographics and comorbidities, and tested for effect modification using interaction terms. During the study, 35,627 patients had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Current versus never-smoking status was associated with lower adjusted rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aHR ranging from 0.51 to 0.89) and hospitalization (aHR ranging from 0.32 to 0.70) within nearly every socio-demographic and comorbidity subgroup. Statistically significant interactions showed that the magnitude of protection for SARS-CoV-2 infection varied by sex, age, race/ethnicity, NDI, cardiovascular conditions and diabetes, and for SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization by age and renal disease. Taken together, results indicated that while some socio-demographics and comorbidities moderated the associations, the lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization associated with current versus never-smoking status persisted among patients regardless of socio-demographics or comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Natalie Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Renee Fogelberg
- Richmond Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Richmond, CA, United States of America
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alexeeff SE, Deosaransingh K, Van Den Eeden S, Schwartz J, Liao NS, Sidney S. Association of Long-term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution With Cardiovascular Events in California. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e230561. [PMID: 36826819 PMCID: PMC9958530 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events, but controversy remains as to whether the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (12 μg/m3 for 1-year mean PM2.5) is sufficiently protective. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between long-term fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular events using electronic health record and geocoded address data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study included adults in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health care system during 2007 to 2016 and followed for up to 10 years. Study participants had no prior stroke or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and lived in Northern California for at least 1 year. Analyses were conducted January 2020 to December 2022. EXPOSURE Long-term exposure to PM2.5. Individual-level time-varying 1-year mean PM2.5 exposures for every study participant were updated monthly from baseline through the end of follow-up, accounting for address changes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident AMI, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were fit with age as time scale, adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking, body mass index, baseline comorbidities, and baseline medication use. Associations below the current regulation limit were also examined. RESULTS The study cohort included 3.7 million adults (mean [SD] age: 41.1 [17.2] years; 1 992 058 [52.5%] female, 20 205 [0.5%] American Indian or Alaskan Native, 714 043 [18.8%] Asian, 287 980 [7.6%] Black, 696 796 [18.4%] Hispanic, 174 261 [4.6%] multiracial, 1 904 793 [50.2%] White). There was a 12% (95% CI, 7%-18%) increased risk of incident AMI, a 21% (95% CI, 13%-30%) increased risk of IHD mortality, and an 8% (95% CI, 3%-13%) increased risk of CVD mortality associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in 1-year mean PM2.5. PM2.5 exposure at moderate concentrations (10.0 to 11.9 μg/m3) was associated with increased risks of incident AMI (6% [95% CI, 3%-10%]) and IHD mortality (7% [95% CI, 2%-12%]) compared with low concentrations (less than 8 μg/m3). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, long-term PM2.5 exposure at moderate concentrations was associated with increased risks of incident AMI, IHD mortality, and CVD mortality. This study's findings add to the evidence that the current regulatory standard is not sufficiently protective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noelle S. Liao
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Avalos LA, Ray GT, Alexeeff SE, Adams SR, Does MB, Watson C, Young-Wolff KC. Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Unstable and/or Unsafe Living Situations and Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Individuals. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e230172. [PMID: 36811863 PMCID: PMC9947729 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The social, behavioral, and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with unstable and/or unsafe living situations and intimate partner violence (IPV) among pregnant individuals. OBJECTIVE To investigate trends in unstable and/or unsafe living situations and IPV among pregnant individuals prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional population-based interrupted time-series analysis was conducted among Kaiser Permanente Northern California members who were pregnant and screened for unstable and/or unsafe living situation and IPV as part of standard prenatal care between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. EXPOSURES COVID-19 pandemic (prepandemic period: January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020; during pandemic period: April 1 to December 31, 2020). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The 2 outcomes were unstable and/or unsafe living situations and IPV. Data were extracted from electronic health records. Interrupted time-series models were fit and adjusted for age and race and ethnicity. RESULTS The study sample included 77 310 pregnancies (74 663 individuals); 27.4% of the individuals were Asian or Pacific Islander, 6.5% were Black, 29.0% were Hispanic, 32.3% were non-Hispanic White, and 4.8% were other/unknown/multiracial, with a mean (SD) age of 30.9 (5.3) years. Across the 24-month study period there was an increasing trend in the standardized rate of unsafe and/or unstable living situations (2.2%; rate ratio [RR], 1.022; 95% CI, 1.016-1.029 per month) and IPV (4.9%; RR, 1.049; 95% CI, 1.021-1.078 per month). The ITS model indicated a 38% increase (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.69) in the first month of the pandemic for unsafe and/or unstable living situation, with a return to the overall trend afterward for the study period. For IPV, the interrupted time-series model suggested an increase of 101% (RR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.20-3.37) in the first 2 months of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cross-sectional study noted an overall increase in unstable and/or unsafe living situations and IPV over the 24-month period, with a temporary increase associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It may be useful for emergency response plans to include IPV safeguards for future pandemics. These findings suggest the need for prenatal screening for unsafe and/or unstable living situations and IPV coupled with referral to appropriate support services and preventive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - G. Thomas Ray
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Monique B. Does
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Carey Watson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Antioch Medical Center, Antioch, California
| | - Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Young‐Wolff KC, Ray GT, Alexeeff SE, Benowitz N, Adams SR, Does MB, Goler N, Ansley D, Conway A, Avalos LA. Association of cannabis use during pregnancy with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a retrospective cohort study. Addiction 2023; 118:317-326. [PMID: 36189777 PMCID: PMC9812868 DOI: 10.1111/add.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cannabis use is increasingly common among pregnant individuals and might be a risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We aimed to test whether prenatal cannabis use is associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study. SETTING The study was conducted in California, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 58 114 pregnancies (with outcomes from 5 March 2020 to 30 September 2021) among 57 287 unique pregnant women aged 14-54 years who were screened for prenatal substance use, enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) (a health-care system) and had not tested positive for COVID-19 prior to pregnancy onset. MEASUREMENTS We utilized data from the KPNC electronic health record. Cannabis use status (current, recently quit and non-user) was based on universal screenings during prenatal care (including urine toxicology testing and self-reported use on a self-administered questionnaire). SARS-CoV-2 infection [based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests] was estimated in time-to-event analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusting for covariates. Secondary analyses examined differences in (a) SARS-CoV-2 testing rates and (b) SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among those tested. FINDINGS We observed 348 810 person-months of follow-up time in our cohort with 41 064 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests and 6% (n = 2414) of tests being positive. At the start of follow-up, 7% of pregnant individuals had current use, 12% had recently quit and 81% did not use cannabis. Adjusting for covariates, current use was associated with lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-0.74 than non-use. Those who had recently quit did not differ from non-cannabis users in infection rates (aHR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.86-1.08). Sensitivity analyses among patients who received a SARS-CoV-2 test also found lower odds of infection associated with current versus no cannabis use (aOR = 0.76, CI = 0.61-0.93). CONCLUSIONS Current cannabis use appears to be associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Young‐Wolff
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - G. Thomas Ray
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | | | - Neal Benowitz
- Research Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Center for Tobacco Control Research and EducationUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Monique B. Does
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Nancy Goler
- Regional OfficesKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Regional OfficesKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Amy Conway
- Regional OfficesKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Song X, Ji J, Rothstein JH, Alexeeff SE, Sakoda LC, Sistig A, Achacoso N, Jorgenson E, Whittemore AS, Klein RJ, Habel LA, Wang P, Sieh W. MiXcan: a framework for cell-type-aware transcriptome-wide association studies with an application to breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:377. [PMID: 36690614 PMCID: PMC9871010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bulk tissue samples comprise multiple cell types with diverse roles in disease etiology. Conventional transcriptome-wide association study approaches predict genetically regulated gene expression at the tissue level, without considering cell-type heterogeneity, and test associations of predicted tissue-level expression with disease. Here we develop MiXcan, a cell-type-aware transcriptome-wide association study approach that predicts cell-type-level expression, identifies disease-associated genes via combination of cell-type-level association signals for multiple cell types, and provides insight into the disease-critical cell type. As a proof of concept, we conducted cell-type-aware analyses of breast cancer in 58,648 women and identified 12 transcriptome-wide significant genes using MiXcan compared with only eight genes using conventional approaches. Importantly, MiXcan identified genes with distinct associations in mammary epithelial versus stromal cells, including three new breast cancer susceptibility genes. These findings demonstrate that cell-type-aware transcriptome-wide analyses can reveal new insights into the genetic and cellular etiology of breast cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Song
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Sistig
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ninah Achacoso
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Young-Wolff KC, Slama N, Alexeeff SE, Sakoda LC, Fogelberg R, Myers LC, Campbell CI, Adams AS, Prochaska JJ. Tobacco Smoking and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Disease Severity Among Adults in an Integrated Healthcare System in California. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:211-220. [PMID: 35368066 PMCID: PMC9825324 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between tobacco smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity is highly debated. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of >2.4 million adults in a large healthcare system to evaluate whether smoking is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. AIMS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study of 2,427,293 adults in KPNC from March 5, 2020 (baseline) to December 31, 2020 (pre-vaccine) included smoking status (current, former, never), socio-demographics, and comorbidities from the electronic health record. SARS-CoV-2 infection (identified by a positive PCR test) and COVID-19 severity (hospitalization, ICU admission or death ≤ 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis) were estimated in time-to-event analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusting for covariates. Secondary analyses examined COVID-19 severity among patients with COVID-19 using logistic regression. RESULTS During the study, 44,270 patients had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Current smoking was associated with lower adjusted rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aHR = 0.64 95% CI: 0.61-0.67), COVID-19-related hospitalization (aHR = 0.48 95% CI: 0.40-0.58), ICU admission (aHR = 0.62 95% CI: 0.42-0.87), and death (aHR = 0.52 95% CI: 0.27-0.89) than never-smoking. Former smoking was associated with a lower adjusted rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aHR = 0.96 95% CI: 0.94-0.99) and higher adjusted rates of hospitalization (aHR = 1.10 95% CI: 1.03-1.08) and death (aHR = 1.32 95% CI: 1.11-1.56) than never-smoking. Logistic regression analyses among patients with COVID-19 found lower odds of hospitalization for current versus never-smoking and higher odds of hospitalization and death for former versus never-smoking. CONCLUSIONS In the largest US study to date on smoking and COVID-19, current and former smoking showed lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than never-smoking, while a history of smoking was associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19. IMPLICATIONS In this cohort study of 2.4 million adults, adjusting for socio-demographics and medical comorbidities, current tobacco smoking was associated with a lower risk of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 illness compared to never-smoking. A history of smoking was associated with a slightly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a modestly higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness compared to never-smoking. The lower observed COVID-19 risk for current versus never-smoking deserves further investigation. Results support prioritizing individuals with smoking-related comorbidities for vaccine outreach and treatments as they become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Renee Fogelberg
- Richmond Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Laura C Myers
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia I Campbell
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alyce S Adams
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Young-Wolff KC, Slama NE, Sarovar V, Terplan M, Ansley D, Adams SR, Alexeeff SE. Trends in Self-reported and Biochemically Verified Cocaine and Methamphetamine Use Among Pregnant Individuals in Northern California, 2011-2019. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2248055. [PMID: 36542384 PMCID: PMC9857285 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study uses data from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care system with universal screening via self-report and urine toxicology at prenatal care entrance to examine trends in cocaine and methamphetamine use among pregnant individuals from 2011 to 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Natalie E. Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Varada Sarovar
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Deborah Ansley
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu Y, Hedderson MM, Calafat AM, Alexeeff SE, Feng J, Quesenberry CP, Ferrara A. Urinary Phenols in Early to Midpregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Study in a Multiracial Cohort. Diabetes 2022; 71:2539-2551. [PMID: 36227336 PMCID: PMC9750951 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental phenols are ubiquitous endocrine disruptors and putatively diabetogenic. However, data during pregnancy are scant. We investigated the prospective associations between pregnancy phenol concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. In a nested matched case-control study of 111 individuals with GDM and 222 individuals without GDM within the prospective PETALS cohort, urinary bisphenol A (BPA), BPA substitutes (bisphenol F and bisphenol S [BPS]), benzophenone-3, and triclosan were quantified during the first and second trimesters. Cumulative concentrations across the two times were calculated using the area under the curve (AUC). Multivariable conditional logistic regression examined the association of individual phenols with GDM risk. We conducted mixture analysis using Bayesian kernel machine regression. We a priori examined effect modification by Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) race/ethnicity resulting from the case-control matching and highest GDM prevalence among A/PIs. Overall, first-trimester urinary BPS was positively associated with increased risk of GDM (adjusted odds ratio comparing highest vs. lowest tertile [aORT3 vs. T1] 2.12 [95% CI 1.00-4.50]). We identified associations among non-A/Ps, who had higher phenol concentrations than A/PIs. Among non-A/PIs, first-trimester BPA, BPS, and triclosan were positively associated with GDM risk (aORT3 vs. T1 2.91 [95% CI 1.05-8.02], 4.60 [1.55-13.70], and 2.88 [1.11-7.45], respectively). Triclosan in the second trimester and AUC were positively associated with GDM risk among non-A/PIs (P < 0.05). In mixture analysis, triclosan was significantly associated with GDM risk. Urinary BPS among all and BPA, BPS, and triclosan among non-A/PIs were associated with GDM risk. Pregnant individuals should be aware of these phenols' potential adverse health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Juanran Feng
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Young-Wolff KC, Slama NE, Padon AA, Silver LD, Soroosh A, Alexeeff SE, Adams SR, Does MB, Campbell CI, Ansley D, Conway A, Goler N, Avalos LA. Geographic Accessibility of Retail Cannabis in Northern California and Prenatal Cannabis Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2244086. [PMID: 36445706 PMCID: PMC9709645 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prenatal cannabis use is associated with health risks for mothers and their children. Prior research suggests that rates of prenatal cannabis use in Northern California increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is unknown whether increases varied with the local cannabis retail and policy environment. OBJECTIVE To test whether pandemic-related increases in prenatal cannabis use were greater among pregnant individuals with greater retail availability of cannabis around their homes or among those living in jurisdictions that allowed storefront retailers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional, population-based time series study used data from pregnancies in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care system screened for cannabis use before (January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020) and during (April 1 to December 31, 2020) the early COVID-19 pandemic. Proximity to the nearest retailer and number of retailers within a 15-minute drive from one's home and local cannabis storefront retailer policy (banned vs permitted) were calculated. Interrupted time series models were fit using multiplicative and additive Poisson regression, adjusting for age and race and ethnicity. EXPOSURES The COVID-19 pandemic. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prenatal cannabis use based on universal urine toxicology tests conducted during early pregnancy at entrance to prenatal care. RESULTS The sample (n = 99 127 pregnancies) included 26.2% Asian or Pacific Islander, 6.8% Black, 27.6% Hispanic, 34.4% non-Hispanic White, and 4.9% other, unknown, or multiracial individuals, with a mean (SD) age of 30.8 (5.3) years. Prenatal cannabis use before (6.8%) and during (8.2%) the pandemic was associated with closer proximity to a retailer, greater retailer density, and residing in a jurisdiction that permitted vs banned retailers. There was a greater absolute increase in cannabis use from before to during the pandemic among those within a 10-minute drive (<10 minutes: adjusted rate difference [aRD], 0.93 cases/100 patients; 95% CI, 0.56-1.29 cases/100 patients; ≥10 minutes: aRD, 0.40 cases/100 patients; 95% CI, 0.12-0.68 cases/100 patients; interaction P = .02). Otherwise, relative and absolute rates increased similarly across categories of cannabis retailer proximity/density and local policy (interaction P > .05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Prenatal cannabis use was more common among individuals living in areas with greater retail availability of cannabis. Although relative rates increased similarly during the pandemic regardless of local cannabis retail and policy environment, there was a larger absolute increase associated with living closer to a storefront cannabis retailer. Continued monitoring of local cannabis policy, the retail environment, and prenatal cannabis use is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Natalie E. Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Monique B. Does
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Cynthia I. Campbell
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Amy Conway
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Nancy Goler
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Young-Wolff KC, Slama NE, Alexeeff SE, Prochaska JJ, Fogelberg R, Sakoda LC. Electronic cigarette use and risk of COVID-19 among young adults without a history of cigarette smoking. Prev Med 2022; 162:107151. [PMID: 35809821 PMCID: PMC9259067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether use of e-cigarettes increases susceptibility to COVID-19. In a large clinical sample of young adults, we evaluated whether current or ever e-cigarette use was associated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19. To address the confounding of combustible smoking, the sample was restricted to never smokers. This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the electronic health records of 74,853 young adults (aged 18-35 years), without a history of cigarette smoking, who were screened for e-cigarette use (current, former, never) in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) healthcare system from 3/5/2020 (baseline) to 11/30/2020 (pre-vaccine). COVID-19 risk was estimated in time-to-event analyses using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for socio-demographics and medical comorbidities. E-cigarette status in the cohort was: 1.6% current, 1.2% former, and 97.2% never. During follow-up, 1965 (2.6%) patients acquired COVID-19. We did not find evidence that current (vs never) e-cigarette use was associated with risk of COVID-19 (aHR = 1.12 95%CI:0.77-1.62). However, we did find suggestive evidence that former (versus never) e-cigarette use may be associated with greater risk of COVID-19 (aHR = 1.39 95%CI:0.98-1.96). While e-cigarette use is associated with health risks for young adults, results from this study suggest that current use of e-cigarettes may not increase susceptibility for COVID-19 among young adults who have never smoked cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Natalie E Slama
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renee Fogelberg
- Richmond Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramirez-Celis A, Croen LA, Yoshida CK, Alexeeff SE, Schauer J, Yolken RH, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. Maternal autoantibody profiles as biomarkers for ASD and ASD with co-occurring intellectual disability. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3760-3767. [PMID: 35618885 PMCID: PMC9708563 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal autoantibody-related ASD (MAR ASD) is a subtype of autism in which pathogenic maternal autoantibodies (IgG) cross the placenta, access the developing brain, and cause neurodevelopmental alterations and behaviors associated with autism in the exposed offspring. We previously reported maternal IgG response to eight proteins (CRMP1, CRMP2, GDA LDHA, LDHB, NSE, STIP1, and YBOX) and that reactivity to nine specific combinations of these proteins (MAR ASD patterns) was predictive of ASD risk. The aim of the current study was to validate the previously identified MAR ASD patterns (CRMP1 + GDA, CRMP1 + CRMP2, NSE + STIP1, CRMP2 + STIP1, LDHA + YBOX, LDHB + YBOX, GDA + YBOX, STIP1 + YBOX, and CRMP1 + STIP1) and their accuracy in predicting ASD risk in a prospective cohort employing maternal samples collected prior to parturition. We used prenatal plasma from mothers of autistic children with or without co-occurring intellectual disability (ASD = 540), intellectual disability without autism (ID = 184) and general population controls (GP = 420) collected by the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. We found reactivity to one or more of the nine previously identified MAR ASD patterns in 10% of the ASD group compared with 4% of the ID group and 1% of the GP controls (ASD vs GP: Odds Ratio (OR) = 7.81, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3.32 to 22.43; ASD vs ID: OR = 2.77, 95% CI (1.19-7.47)) demonstrating that the MAR ASD patterns are strongly associated with the ASD group and could be used to assess ASD risk prior to symptom onset. The pattern most strongly associated with ASD was CRMP1 + CRMP2 and increased the odds for an ASD diagnosis 16-fold (3.32 to >999.99). In addition, we found that several of these specific MAR ASD patterns were strongly associated with ASD with intellectual disability (ASD + ID) and others associated with ASD without ID (ASD-no ID). Prenatal screening for these MAR patterns may lead to earlier identification of ASD and facilitate access to the appropriate early intervention services based on each child's needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ramirez-Celis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Cathleen K Yoshida
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Joseph Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- UC Davis MIND Institute, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- UC Davis MIND Institute, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Z, Piro AL, Allalou A, Alexeeff SE, Dai FF, Gunderson EP, Wheeler MB. Prolactin and Maternal Metabolism in Women With a Recent GDM Pregnancy and Links to Future T2D: The SWIFT Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2652-2665. [PMID: 35666146 PMCID: PMC9387721 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prolactin is a multifaceted hormone known to regulate lactation. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history, intensive lactation has been associated with lower relative risk of future type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of prolactin in T2D development and maternal metabolism in women with a recent GDM pregnancy has not been ascertained. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationships among prolactin, future T2D risk, and key clinical and metabolic parameters. METHODS We utilized a prospective GDM research cohort (the SWIFT study) and followed T2D onset by performing 2-hour 75-g research oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at study baseline (6-9 weeks postpartum) and again annually for 2 years, and also by retrieving clinical diagnoses of T2D from 2 years through 10 years of follow up from electronic medical records. Targeted metabolomics and lipidomics were applied on fasting plasma samples collected at study baseline from 2-hour 75-g research OGTTs in a nested case-control study (100 future incident T2D cases vs 100 no T2D controls). RESULTS Decreasing prolactin quartiles were associated with increased future T2D risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.48; 95% CI, 0.81-7.58; P = 0.05). In women who maintained normoglycemia during the 10-year follow-up period, higher prolactin at baseline was associated with higher insulin sensitivity (P = 0.038) and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01), but lower BMI (P = 0.001) and leptin (P = 0.002). Remarkably, among women who developed future T2D, prolactin was not correlated with a favorable metabolic status (all P > 0.05). Metabolomics and lipidomics showed that lower circulating prolactin strongly correlated with a T2D-high risk lipid profile, with elevated circulating neutral lipids and lower concentrations of specific phospholipids/sphingolipids. CONCLUSION In women with recent GDM pregnancy, low circulating prolactin is associated with specific clinical and metabolic parameters and lipid metabolites linked to a high risk of developing T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Anthony L Piro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amina Allalou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Feihan F Dai
- Correspondence: Feihan F. Dai, PhD, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, M5S 1A8 Ontario, Canada.
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Correspondence: Erica P. Gunderson, PhD, MS, MPH, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 1 King’s College Circle, M5S 1A8 Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Correspondence: Michael B. Wheeler, PhD, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, M5S 1A8 Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Young-Wolff KC, Sarovar V, Tucker LY, Ansley D, Goler N, Conway A, Ettenger A, Foti TR, Brown QL, Kurtzman ET, Adams SR, Alexeeff SE. Trends in Cannabis Polysubstance Use During Early Pregnancy Among Patients in a Large Health Care System in Northern California. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2215418. [PMID: 35666502 PMCID: PMC9171564 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Rates of prenatal cannabis use are increasing alongside perceptions that cannabis is a harmless therapeutic for pregnancy-related ailments, while rates of prenatal use of alcohol and tobacco are decreasing. It is important to examine whether cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing similarly among patients with and patients without co-occurring substance use. OBJECTIVES To examine trends in cannabis polysubstance use during pregnancy and to test differences in cannabis use over time among pregnant individuals who use only cannabis vs those who use cannabis and other substances. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional time-series study used data from 367 138 pregnancies among 281 590 unique pregnant patients universally screened for prenatal substance use as part of standard care in Kaiser Permanente Northern California from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from October 5, 2021, to April 18, 2022. EXPOSURES Time (calendar year). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Use of substances during early pregnancy was assessed via universal screening with a self-administered questionnaire (for cannabis, alcohol, stimulants, and nicotine) and/or positive results of a urine toxicology test (for cannabis, alcohol, stimulants, and pharmaceutical opioids), and data were extracted from the electronic health record. RESULTS The study sample of 367 138 pregnancies from 281 590 unique pregnant patients (median gestation at time of screening, 8.6 weeks [IQR, 7.3-10.6 weeks]) was 25.9% Asian or Pacific Islander, 6.6% Black, 25.8% Hispanic, 38.0% non-Hispanic White, and 3.6% other race or ethnicity; 1.1% were aged 11 to 17 years, 14.9% were aged 18 to 24 years, 61.9% were aged 25 to 34 years, and 22.1% were aged 35 years or older; and the median neighborhood household income was $70 455 (IQR, $51 563-$92 625). From 2009 to 2018, adjusted rates of use of only cannabis during pregnancy (no other substances) increased substantially from 2.39% (95% CI, 2.20%-2.58%) in 2009 to 6.30% (95% CI, 6.00%-6.60%) in 2018, increasing at an annual relative rate of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.10-1.12). The rate of use of cannabis and 1 other substance also increased (annual relative rate, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.03-1.05]), but not as rapidly (P < .001 for difference), while the rate of use of cannabis and 2 or more other substances decreased slightly (annual relative rate, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.99]). Adjusted rates of prenatal use of cannabis and alcohol (1.04 [95% CI, 1.03-1.06]) and cannabis and stimulants (1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.06]) increased over time, while rates of prenatal use of cannabis and nicotine (0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.98]) decreased. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional time-series study, rates of prenatal cannabis use during early pregnancy increased significantly more rapidly among patients without co-occurring substance use, which could reflect increased acceptability of cannabis and decreased perceptions of cannabis-related harms. Furthermore, increased rates of use of cannabis with alcohol and stimulants warrant continued monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Varada Sarovar
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Lue-Yen Tucker
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Nancy Goler
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Amy Conway
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Allison Ettenger
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Tara R. Foti
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Qiana L. Brown
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
| | | | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Van Den Eeden SK, H E M Browning M, Becker DA, Shan J, Alexeeff SE, Thomas Ray G, Quesenberry CP, Kuo M. Association between residential green cover and direct healthcare costs in Northern California: An individual level analysis of 5 million persons. Environ Int 2022; 163:107174. [PMID: 35306251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Prior studies have shown higher green cover levels are associated with beneficial health outcomes. We sought to determine if residential green cover was also associated with direct healthcare costs. METHODS We linked residential Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) satellite data for 5,189,303 members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) to direct individual healthcare costs for 2003-2015. Using generalized linear regression to adjust for confounding, we examined the association between direct healthcare costs and green cover within250, 500, and 1000 meters (m) of an individual's residence. Costs were determined from an internal cost accounting system that captures administrative and patient care costs for each clinical encounter. Sensitivity analyses included adjustments for comorbidity and an alternative measure of green cover, tree canopy. RESULTS We observed a significant inverse association between higher levels of residential green cover and lower direct healthcare costs. The relative rate of total cost for the highest compared to the lowest decile of NDVI was 0.92 (95% CI 0.90-0.93) for the 500 m buffer. The association was robust to adjustment from a broad array of confounders, found at each buffer size, and largely driven by hospitalization, and emergency department visits. Individuals in the top decile of residential green cover had adjusted healthcare costs of $374.04 (95% CI $307.31-$439.41) per person per year less than individuals living in the bottom or least green decile. Sensitivity analyses including tree canopy cover as the green space measure yielded similar findings. Analyses that included adjustment for comorbidity were consistent with the hypothesis that green cover reduces healthcare costs by improving health status. CONCLUSION Green cover was associated with lower direct healthcare costs, raising the possibility that residential greening can have a significant healthcare cost impact across the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew H E M Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Douglas A Becker
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jun Shan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - G Thomas Ray
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Ming Kuo
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gunderson EP, Greenberg M, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Tierney C, Roberts JM, Go AS, Tao W, Alexeeff SE. Early Pregnancy Blood Pressure Patterns Identify Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Racial and Ethnic Groups. Hypertension 2022; 79:599-613. [PMID: 34963295 PMCID: PMC9004135 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality and confer 4-fold higher perinatal mortality in Black women. Early pregnancy blood pressure patterns may differentiate risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODS This study identified distinct blood pressure trajectories from 0 to 20 weeks' gestation to evaluate subsequent pregnancy-related hypertension in a retrospective cohort of 174 925 women with no prior hypertension or history of preeclampsia, prenatal care entry ≤14 weeks, and a stillborn or live singleton birth delivered at Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals in 2009 to 2019. We used electronic health records to obtain clinical outcomes, covariables, and longitudinal outpatient blood pressure measurements ≤20 weeks' gestation (mean 4.1 measurements). Latent class trajectory modeling identified 6 blood pressure groups: ultra-low-declining(referent), low-declining, moderate-fast-decline, low-increasing, moderate-stable, and elevated-stable. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated trajectory group-associations with the odds of preeclampsia/eclampsia and gestational hypertension' and effect modification by race-ethnicity and prepregnancy body size. RESULTS Compared with ultra-low-declining, adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for low-increasing, moderate-stable, and elevated-stable groups were 3.25 (2.7-3.9), 5.3 (4.5-6.3), and 9.2 (7.7-11.1) for preeclampsia/eclampsia' and 6.4 (4.9-8.3), 13.6 (10.5-17.7), and 30.2 (23.2-39.4) for gestational hypertension. Race/ethnicity, and prepregnancy obesity modified the trajectory-group associations with preeclampsia/eclampsia (interaction P<0.01), with highest risks for Black, then Hispanic and Asian women for all blood pressure trajectories, and with increasing obesity class. CONCLUSIONS Early pregnancy blood pressure patterns revealed racial and ethnic differences in associations with preeclampsia/eclampsia risk within equivalent levels and patterns. These blood pressure patterns may improve individual risk stratification permitting targeted surveillance and early mitigation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA
| | - Mara Greenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical Center, CA
| | - Mai N. Nguyen-Huynh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA,Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, CA
| | - Cassidy Tierney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical Center, CA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alan S. Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA,Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medicine, University of California
| | - Wei Tao
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aoki RLF, Uong SP, Gomez SL, Alexeeff SE, Caan BJ, Kushi LH, Torres JM, Guan A, Canchola AJ, Morey BN, Lin K, Kroenke CH. Individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status and risk of aggressive breast cancer subtypes in a pooled cohort of women from Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Cancer 2021; 127:4602-4612. [PMID: 34415571 PMCID: PMC8997171 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with a higher risk of aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtypes, but few studies have examined the independent effects of both neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (nSES) and individual-level SES measures. METHODS This study included 5547 women from the Pathways and Life After Cancer Epidemiology cohorts who were diagnosed with invasive BC. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine associations of nSES (a composite score based on income, poverty, education, occupation, employment, rent, and house value) and individual-level SES (income and education) with BC subtypes: luminal B (LumB), Her2-enriched (Her2-e), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) relative to luminal A (LumA). Models controlled for age, race, nativity, stage, days from diagnosis to survey, and study cohort and simultaneously for nSES and individual-level SES. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, low nSES was significantly associated with the LumB (odds ratio for quartile 1 vs quartile 4 [ORQ1vQ4 ], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.54; P for trend = .005) and TNBC subtypes (ORQ1vQ4 , 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02-1.71; P for trend = .037) relative to LumA. Conversely, individual education was significantly associated with only the Her2-e subtype (odds ratio for high school degree or less vs postgraduate, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.03-2.75; P for trend = .030) relative to LumA. Individual income was not significantly associated with any BC subtype. CONCLUSIONS nSES and individual-level SES are independently associated with different BC subtypes; specifically, low nSES and individual-level education are independent predictors of more aggressive BC subtypes relative to LumA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda-Lee F. Aoki
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Stephen P. Uong
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Bette J. Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Lawrence H. Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Jacqueline M. Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alice Guan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alison J. Canchola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brittany N. Morey
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Katherine Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Candyce H. Kroenke
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Marwaha S, Dusendang JR, Alexeeff SE, Crowley E, Haiman M, Pham N, Tuerk MJ, Wudka D, Hartmann M, Herrinton LJ. Comanagement of Rashes by Primary Care Providers and Dermatologists: A Retrospective Study. Perm J 2021; 25. [PMID: 35348083 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/20.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high demand for managing skin disease, and dermatologists are in short supply. OBJECTIVES To better understand how rashes and other specific skin conditions are co-managed by primary care providers (PCPs) and dermatologists, we estimated the frequency with which PCPs sought consultation with or referral to dermatology and the proportion of patients who had a follow-up dermatology office visit in the following 90 days. DESIGN AND SETTING The retrospective longitudinal study included 106,459 patients with a skin condition diagnosed by 3,830 PCPs, from January 2017 to March 2017. METHODS Comprehensive electronic medical record data with generalized linear mixed modeling accounted for patient factors including diagnosis and clustering by medical center and PCP. RESULTS PCPs escalated 9% of patients to dermatology through consultation or referral, while 5% required a follow-up dermatology office visit within 90 days. Patients with bullous, hair, or pigment conditions or psoriasis were most likely to be escalated. Clustering of escalation and follow-up visits was minimal in relation to medical center (intraclass correlation, 0.04 for both outcomes) or PCP (escalation, intraclass correlation, 0.16; follow-up visits, 0.09). DISCUSSION Improving primary care education in skin disease and, for certain skin conditions, standardizing approaches to workup, treatment, and escalation may further streamline care and reduce pressure on the dermatologist workforce. CONCLUSION PCPs managed 91% of rashes without consultation or referral to dermatology, and the frequency of patients scheduled for dermatology office visits after primary care was similar from one PCP to another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ngoc Pham
- Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, CA
| | | | - Danny Wudka
- The Permanente Medical Group, Quality and Operations Support, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Michael Hartmann
- The Permanente Medical Group, Quality and Operations Support, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Young-Wolff KC, Ray GT, Alexeeff SE, Adams SR, Does MB, Ansley D, Avalos LA. Rates of Prenatal Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA 2021; 326:1745-1747. [PMID: 34570168 PMCID: PMC8477300 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.16328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Thomas Ray
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Monique B. Does
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Z, Lai M, Piro AL, Alexeeff SE, Allalou A, Röst HL, Dai FF, Wheeler MB, Gunderson EP. Intensive lactation among women with recent gestational diabetes significantly alters the early postpartum circulating lipid profile: the SWIFT study. BMC Med 2021; 19:241. [PMID: 34620173 PMCID: PMC8499506 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a 7-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is estimated that 20-50% of women with GDM history will progress to T2D within 10 years after delivery. Intensive lactation could be negatively associated with this risk, but the mechanisms behind a protective effect remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we utilized a prospective GDM cohort of 1010 women without T2D at 6-9 weeks postpartum (study baseline) and tested for T2D onset up to 8 years post-baseline (n=980). Targeted metabolic profiling was performed on fasting plasma samples collected at both baseline and follow-up (1-2 years post-baseline) during research exams in a subset of 350 women (216 intensive breastfeeding, IBF vs. 134 intensive formula feeding or mixed feeding, IFF/Mixed). The relationship between lactation intensity and circulating metabolites at both baseline and follow-up were evaluated to discover underlying metabolic responses of lactation and to explore the link between these metabolites and T2D risk. RESULTS We observed that lactation intensity was strongly associated with decreased glycerolipids (TAGs/DAGs) and increased phospholipids/sphingolipids at baseline. This lipid profile suggested decreased lipogenesis caused by a shift away from the glycerolipid metabolism pathway towards the phospholipid/sphingolipid metabolism pathway as a component of the mechanism underlying the benefits of lactation. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that this favorable lipid profile was transient and diminished at 1-2 years postpartum, coinciding with the cessation of lactation. Importantly, when stratifying these 350 women by future T2D status during the follow-up (171 future T2D vs. 179 no T2D), we discovered that lactation induced robust lipid changes only in women who did not develop incident T2D. Subsequently, we identified a cluster of metabolites that strongly associated with future T2D risk from which we developed a predictive metabolic signature with a discriminating power (AUC) of 0.78, superior to common clinical variables (i.e., fasting glucose, AUC 0.56 or 2-h glucose, AUC 0.62). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that intensive lactation significantly alters the circulating lipid profile at early postpartum and that women who do not respond metabolically to lactation are more likely to develop T2D. We also discovered a 10-analyte metabolic signature capable of predicting future onset of T2D in IBF women. Our findings provide novel insight into how lactation affects maternal metabolism and its link to future diabetes onset. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01967030 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mi Lai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony L Piro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Amina Allalou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes L Röst
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feihan F Dai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Metabolism Research Group, Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA. .,Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shorstein NH, Carolan J, Liu L, Alexeeff SE, Amsden LB, Herrinton LJ. Visual outcomes after cataract surgery: topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prophylaxis compared with prednisolone. J Cataract Refract Surg 2021; 47:870-877. [PMID: 33315744 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare visual outcomes in patients without a history of macular edema after phacoemulsification using combination topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug plus prednisolone with prednisolone alone. SETTING Kaiser Permanente Northern California, USA. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Information was obtained from the electronic health record. The first measure of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) recorded during the period 3 weeks to 1 year after phacoemulsification was obtained. Confounding factors and clustering of eyes within patients were adjusted using linear mixed effects regression models for the continuous outcome of CDVA improvement and general estimating equations for the dichotomous outcome of 20/20 or better vs 20/25 or worse. RESULTS The study included 62 700 health plan members of whom 26,309 (42%) used topical prednisolone alone, whereas 36,391 (58%) used combination treatment. The mean within-person change in CDVA from the preoperative measurement to the postoperative measurement was the same (-0.43 logMAR) for patients in the 2 groups. However, the group that received combination treatment was somewhat more likely to achieve CDVA of 20/20 or better (odds ratio 1.24 with 95% CI, 1.20-1.28). CONCLUSIONS In this large study of cataract surgery patients, a small statistically significant association of combination treatment compared with prednisolone alone was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal H Shorstein
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Quality, Kaiser Permanente, Walnut Creek, California (Shorstein); Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente San Rafael, California (Carolan); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (Liu, Alexeeff, Amsden, Herrinton)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liao NS, Sidney S, Deosaransingh K, Van Den Eeden SK, Schwartz J, Alexeeff SE. Particulate Air Pollution and Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Adults With a History of Stroke or Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019758. [PMID: 33942622 PMCID: PMC8200700 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have found associations between fine particulate matter <2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among populations with no CVD history. Less is understood about susceptibility of adults with a history of CVD and subsequent PM2.5‐related CVD events and whether current regulation levels for PM2.5 are protective for this population. Methods and Results This retrospective cohort study included 96 582 Kaiser Permanente Northern California adults with a history of stroke or acute myocardial infarction. Outcome, covariate, and address data obtained from electronic health records were linked to time‐varying 1‐year mean PM2.5 exposure estimates based on residential locations. Cox proportional hazard models estimated risks of stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality associated with PM2.5 exposure, adjusting for multiple covariates. Secondary analyses estimated risks below federal and state regulation levels (12 µg/m3 for 1‐year mean PM2.5). A 10‐µg/m3 increase in 1‐year mean PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increase in risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11–1.30), but no increase in risk of stroke or acute myocardial infarction. Analyses of <12 µg/m3 showed increased risk for CVD mortality (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.96–2.71), stroke (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09–1.83]), and acute myocardial infarction (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.21–1.89) per 10‐µg/m3 increase in 1‐year mean PM2.5. Conclusions Adults with a history of CVD are susceptible to the effects of PM2.5 exposure, particularly on CVD mortality. Increased risks observed at exposure levels <12 µg/m3 highlight that current PM2.5 regulation levels may not be protective for this susceptible population.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lam JO, Hou CE, Hojilla JC, Anderson AN, Gilsanz P, Alexeeff SE, Levine-Hall T, Hood N, Lee C, Satre DD, Silverberg MJ. Comparison of dementia risk after age 50 between individuals with and without HIV infection. AIDS 2021; 35:821-828. [PMID: 33394681 PMCID: PMC7969394 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare risk of dementia after age 50 by HIV status among individuals in a primary care setting. DESIGN Observational cohort study; participants were identified from 2013 to 2017 and followed through 2019. METHODS Participants were people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and demographically similar people without HIV (PWOH), all at least 50 years old and with no prior diagnosis of dementia. The study setting was Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare delivery system in the United States. Incident dementia diagnoses and baseline data on sociodemographics, smoking, alcohol use, other substance use, and clinical factors were gathered from the electronic health record. Cumulative proportion of incident dementia by HIV status was assessed using Kaplan--Meier curves. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for incident dementia by HIV status were generated using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale. RESULTS The study included 5381 PWH and 119 022 PWOH (average age at baseline: 57 and 58 years, respectively). Incident dementia was diagnosed in 117 PWH and 2427 PWOH. By age 80, 25.8% of PWH and 13.8% of PWOH had been diagnosed with dementia, corresponding with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 1.98 (95% CI 1.64-2.39). After adjustment for sociodemographic, substance use, and clinical factors, including frequency of outpatient visits, the risk of dementia among PWH remained elevated (vs. PWOH, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% CI 1.31-1.92). CONCLUSION Compared with PWOH, PWH were at 58% higher risk for dementia despite HIV treatment with ART. Research is needed to investigate the potential benefits of targeted risk factor management or earlier cognitive screening in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O Lam
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Craig E Hou
- South San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, South San Francisco
| | - J Carlo Hojilla
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paola Gilsanz
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Tory Levine-Hall
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Nicole Hood
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Catherine Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Derek D Satre
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alexeeff SE, Deosaransingh K, Liao NS, Van Den Eeden SK, Schwartz J, Sidney S. Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Risk in Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:159-167. [PMID: 33662228 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2901oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and may be more susceptible to air pollution exposure. However, no study has examined the association between long-term fine particulate matter exposure (≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) and risk of cardiovascular events in this potentially vulnerable population. Objectives: To estimate the association between long-term fine particulate matter and risk of cardiovascular events among adults with COPD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 169,714 adults with COPD who were members of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health plan during 2007-2016. Electronic health record data were linked to 1 km modeled particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter exposure estimates. We fit Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, calendar year, smoking, body mass index, comorbidities, medications, and socioeconomic status. In low exposure analyses, we examined effects below the current regulation limit (12 μg/m3). Measurements and Main Results: Among adults with COPD, a 10-μg/m3 increase in 1-year mean fine particulate matter exposure was associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.20). Effects were stronger in low exposure analyses (hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.56-2.27). Fine particulate matter exposure was not associated with acute myocardial infarction or stroke in overall analyses. Conclusions: Long-term fine particulate matter exposure was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality among adults with COPD. Current regulations may not sufficiently protect those with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| | - Kamala Deosaransingh
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| | - Noelle S Liao
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Young-Wolff KC, Adams SR, Padon A, Silver LD, Alexeeff SE, Van Den Eeden SK, Avalos LA. Association of Cannabis Retailer Proximity and Density With Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in Northern California After Legalization of Cannabis for Recreational Use. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e210694. [PMID: 33662131 PMCID: PMC7933995 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines the association of cannabis retailer proximity and density with cannabis use among pregnant women after legalization of cannabis for recreational use in California.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Alisa Padon
- Public Health Institute, Oakland, California
| | | | | | | | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Graff RE, Cavazos TB, Thai KK, Kachuri L, Rashkin SR, Hoffman JD, Alexeeff SE, Blatchins M, Meyers TJ, Leong L, Tai CG, Emami NC, Corley DA, Kushi LH, Ziv E, Van Den Eeden SK, Jorgenson E, Hoffmann TJ, Habel LA, Witte JS, Sakoda LC. Cross-cancer evaluation of polygenic risk scores for 16 cancer types in two large cohorts. Nat Commun 2021; 12:970. [PMID: 33579919 PMCID: PMC7880989 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even distinct cancer types share biological hallmarks. Here, we investigate polygenic risk score (PRS)-specific pleiotropy across 16 cancers in European ancestry individuals from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging cohort (16,012 cases, 50,552 controls) and UK Biobank (48,969 cases, 359,802 controls). Within cohorts, each PRS is evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models against all other cancer types. Results are then meta-analyzed across cohorts. Ten positive and one inverse cross-cancer associations are found after multiple testing correction. Two pairs show bidirectional associations; the melanoma PRS is positively associated with oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer and vice versa, whereas the lung cancer PRS is positively associated with oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer, and the oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer PRS is inversely associated with lung cancer. Overall, we validate known, and uncover previously unreported, patterns of pleiotropy that have the potential to inform investigations of risk prediction, shared etiology, and precision cancer prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor B Cavazos
- Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Khanh K Thai
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara R Rashkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Maruta Blatchins
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Travis J Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lancelote Leong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline G Tai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nima C Emami
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen K Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA. .,Department of Health System Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xiao J, Caan BJ, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Meyerhardt JA, Peng PD, Baracos VE, Lee VS, Ely S, Gologorsky RC, Weltzien E, Kroenke CH, Kwan ML, Alexeeff SE, Castillo AL, Prado CM. Association of Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Radiodensity With Morbidity and Mortality for Colon Cancer Surgery. JAMA Surg 2021; 155:942-949. [PMID: 32805015 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Given the risks of postoperative morbidity and its consequent economic burden and impairment to patients undergoing colon resection, evaluating risk factors associated with complications will allow risk stratification and the targeting of supportive interventions. Evaluation of muscle characteristics is an emerging area for improving preoperative risk stratification. Objective To examine the associations of muscle characteristics with postoperative complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), readmission, and mortality in patients with colon cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1630 patients who received a diagnosis of stage I to III colon cancer from January 2006 to December 2011 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated health care system. Preliminary data analysis started in 2017. Because major complication data were collected between 2018 and 2019, the final analysis using the current cohort was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Exposures Low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and/or low skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) levels were assessed using preoperative computerized tomography images. Main Outcomes and Measures Length of stay, any complication (≥1 predefined complications) or major complications (Clavien-Dindo classification score ≥3), 30-day mortality and readmission up to 30 days postdischarge, and overall mortality. Results The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 64.0 (11.3) years and 906 (55.6%) were women. Patients with low SMI or low SMD were more likely to remain hospitalized 7 days or longer after surgery (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05-1.68; OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05-1.84, respectively) and had higher risks of overall mortality (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.13-1.74; hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12-1.85, respectively). Additionally, patients with low SMI were more likely to have 1 or more postsurgical complications (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.65) and had higher risk of 30-day mortality (OR, 4.85; 95% CI, 1.23-19.15). Low SMD was associated with higher odds of having major complications (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.44-4.04). Conclusions and Relevance Low SMI and low SMD were associated with longer LOS, higher risk of postsurgical complications, and short-term and long-term mortality. Research should evaluate whether targeting potentially modifiable factors preoperatively, such as preserving muscle mass, could reverse the observed negative associations with postoperative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Xiao
- Covenant Health Palliative Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bette J Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter D Peng
- Medical Center and Redwood City Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie S Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Sora Ely
- Department of Surgery, Oakland Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.,UCSF East Bay Surgery, Highland Hospital, Oakland, California
| | - Rebecca C Gologorsky
- Department of Surgery, Oakland Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.,UCSF East Bay Surgery, Highland Hospital, Oakland, California
| | - Erin Weltzien
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Candyce H Kroenke
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Marilyn L Kwan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coordination of care between primary care providers and dermatologists is important to ensure high quality and cost efficiency. In our integrated care setting, we used a retrospective cohort study to assess which patients self-refer to dermatology and which returned for a follow-up visit in dermatology. METHODS We identified 107,832 patients with a new rash diagnosis who presented to primary care or dermatology between January and March 2017. We compared patients who self-referred to dermatology with those who used primary care, using multi-level generalized estimating equations with adjustment for patient-level covariables and medical center. We also characterized patients who returned for a follow-up visit in dermatology. RESULTS Among patients with a new rash diagnosis, 99% were originally seen in primary care. Patients with a history of a dermatological condition were more likely to present to dermatology. Patients with a history of a dermatological condition or with psoriasis, pigment, hair, bullous, or multiple conditions were more likely to have a follow-up visit with a dermatologist. For each outcome, initial location of care and return for a follow-up visit, we found minimal clustering by medical center or provider. CONCLUSION One percent of patients with a new rash diagnosis self-refer to dermatology in this setting. Patients with a history of a dermatological condition were more likely to self-refer to dermatology and to have a follow-up visit with a dermatologist. Individual dermatologists and primary care providers had little impact on a patient's odds of returning for a follow-up visit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Marwaha
- Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Lisa J Herrinton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Background Fine particulate matter <2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) has known effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, no study has quantified and compared the risks of incident myocardial infarction, incident stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and cerebrovascular mortality in relation to long‐term PM2.5 exposure. Methods and Results We sought to quantitatively summarize studies of long‐term PM2.5 exposure and risk of IHD and stroke events by conducting a review and meta‐analysis of studies published by December 31, 2019. The main outcomes were myocardial infarction, stroke, IHD mortality, and cerebrovascular mortality. Random effects meta‐analyses were used to estimate the combined risk of each outcome among studies. We reviewed 69 studies and included 42 studies in the meta‐analyses. In meta‐analyses, we found that a 10‐µg/m3 increase in long‐term PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of 23% for IHD mortality (95% CI, 15%–31%), 24% for cerebrovascular mortality (95% CI, 13%–36%), 13% for incident stroke (95% CI, 11%–15%), and 8% for incident myocardial infarction (95% CI, −1% to 18%). There were an insufficient number of studies of recurrent stroke and recurrent myocardial infarction to conduct meta‐analyses. Conclusions Long‐term PM2.5 exposure is associated with increased risks of IHD mortality, cerebrovascular mortality, and incident stroke. The relationship with incident myocardial infarction is suggestive of increased risk but not conclusive. More research is needed to understand the relationship with recurrent events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Liu
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Volk HE, Park B, Hollingue C, Jones KL, Ashwood P, Windham GC, Lurman F, Alexeeff SE, Kharrazi M, Pearl M, Van de Water J, Croen LA. Maternal immune response and air pollution exposure during pregnancy: insights from the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:42. [PMID: 33327930 PMCID: PMC7745402 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal exposure to air pollution and immune system dysregulation are two factors consistently associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, little is known about how air pollution may influence maternal immune function during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between mid-gestational circulating levels of maternal cytokines/chemokines and previous month air pollution exposure across neurodevelopmental groups, and to assess whether cytokines/chemokines mediate the relationship between air pollution exposures and risk of ASD and/or intellectual disability (ID) in the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. METHODS EMA is a population-based, nested case-control study which linked archived maternal serum samples collected during weeks 15-19 of gestation for routine prenatal screening, birth records, and Department of Developmental Services (DDS) records. Children receiving DDS services for ASD without intellectual disability (ASD without ID; n = 199), ASD with ID (ASD with ID; n = 180), ID without ASD (ID; n = 164), and children from the general population (GP; n = 414) with no DDS services were included in this analysis. Serum samples were quantified for 22 cytokines/chemokines using Luminex multiplex analysis technology. Air pollution exposure for the month prior to maternal serum collection was assigned based on the Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System data using the maternal residential address reported during the prenatal screening visit. RESULTS Previous month air pollution exposure and mid-gestational maternal cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly correlated, though weak in magnitude (ranging from - 0.16 to 0.13). Ten pairs of mid-pregnancy immune markers and previous month air pollutants were significantly associated within one of the child neurodevelopmental groups, adjusted for covariates (p < 0.001). Mid-pregnancy air pollution was not associated with any neurodevelopmental outcome. IL-6 remained associated with ASD with ID even after adjusting for air pollution exposure. CONCLUSION This study suggests that maternal immune activation is associated with risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, that prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with small, but perhaps biologically relevant, effects on maternal immune system function during pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to better evaluate how prenatal exposure to air pollution affects the trajectory of maternal immune activation during pregnancy, if windows of heightened susceptibility can be identified, and how these factors influence neurodevelopment of the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, 624 N. Broadway, HH833, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Bo Park
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Calliope Hollingue
- Department of Mental Health, Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, 624 N. Broadway, HH833, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Karen L Jones
- UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gayle C Windham
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | | | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kharrazi
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Pearl
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Silverberg MJ, Levine-Hall T, Hood N, Anderson AN, Alexeeff SE, Lam JO, Slome SB, Flamm JA, Hare CB, Ross T, Justice A, Sterne JA, Williams A, Bryant KJ, Weisner CM, Horberg MA, Sterling SA, Satre DD. Health System-Based Unhealthy Alcohol Use Screening and Treatment Comparing Demographically Matched Participants With and Without HIV. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2545-2554. [PMID: 33067802 PMCID: PMC7725961 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy alcohol use among persons living with HIV (PLWH) is linked to significant morbidity, and use of alcohol services may differ by HIV status. Our objective was to compare unhealthy alcohol use screening and treatment by HIV status in primary care. METHODS Cohort study of adult (≥18 years) PLWH and HIV-uninfected participants frequency matched 20:1 to PLWH by age, sex, and race/ethnicity who were enrolled in a large integrated healthcare system in the United States, with information ascertained from an electronic health record. Outcomes included unhealthy alcohol screening, prevalence, provider-delivered brief interventions, and addiction specialty care visits. Other predictors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, neighborhood deprivation index, depression, smoking, substance use disorders, Charlson comorbidity index, prior outpatient visits, insurance type, and medical facility. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) for the outcomes of time to unhealthy alcohol use screening and time to first addiction specialty visit. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to compute prevalence ratios (PR) for other outcomes. RESULTS 11,235 PLWH and 227,320 HIV-uninfected participants were included. By 4.5 years after baseline, most participants were screened for unhealthy alcohol use (85% of PLWH and 93% of HIV-uninfected), but with a lower rate among PLWH (adjusted HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.85). PLWH were less likely, compared with HIV-uninfected participants, to report unhealthy drinking among those screened (adjusted PR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.79), and among those who screened positive, less likely to receive brief interventions (adjusted PR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.90), but more likely (adjusted HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.4) to have an addiction specialty visit within 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Unhealthy alcohol use was lower in PLWH, but the treatment approach by HIV status differed. PLWH reporting unhealthy alcohol use received less brief interventions and more addiction specialty care than HIV-uninfected participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Silverberg
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Tory Levine-Hall
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Nicole Hood
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Alexandra N. Anderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Jennifer O. Lam
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Sally B. Slome
- Oakland Medical Center, KPNC, 3801 Howe Street, Oakland, CA 94611, USA
| | - Jason A. Flamm
- Sacramento Medical Center, KPNC, 2345 Fair Oaks Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA
| | - C. Bradley Hare
- San Francisco Medical Center, KPNC, 2238 Geary Boulevard, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Thekla Ross
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Amy Justice
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jonathan A.C. Sterne
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Andrew Williams
- Tufts Medical Center, 35 Kneeland Street, Boston MA 02111, USA
| | - Kendall J. Bryant
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 6700B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-6902, USA
| | - Constance M. Weisner
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Michael A. Horberg
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, 2101 East Jefferson Street, 3 West, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Stacy A. Sterling
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Derek D. Satre
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Carolan JA, Liu L, Alexeeff SE, Amsden LB, Shorstein NH, Herrinton LJ. Intraocular Pressure Reduction after Phacoemulsification: A Matched Cohort Study. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2020; 4:277-285. [PMID: 33045424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phacoemulsification has been linked to lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, anatomic narrow angles, and in glaucoma suspects, but the magnitude of change has varied. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Patients with glaucoma treated from June 2010 through May 2015 who underwent phacoemulsification (surgical group) were matched to patients who did not (nonsurgical group) for age, gender, type of glaucoma, baseline IOP, and number and type of glaucoma medications. METHODS Electronic medical record information was used to compare the matched surgical and nonsurgical groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in IOP, change in number of glaucoma medications, and likelihood of a glaucoma procedure within 36 months after phacoemulsification. Intraocular pressure measures were obtained from Goldmann applanation tonometry when available (45%), and otherwise with the iCare tonometer (iCare USA, Raleigh, NC), the Tono-Pen (Reichert Technologies, Depew, NY), noncontact tonometry, and pneumotonometry. RESULTS Among 16 169 matched pairs, average IOP after the index date was lower in the surgical than nonsurgical group throughout follow-up to 36 months. The difference was greatest during months 1 through 18, during which IOP increased by 0.22 mmHg from 16.49 mmHg in the average nonsurgical patient and decreased by 0.99 mmHg from 16.50 mmHg in the average surgical patient (difference in difference, 1.21 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.30 mmHg). The difference in difference was greatest for patients with ocular hypertension (2.00 mmHg) and for patients with preoperative IOP of 20 mmHg or more (2.46 mmHg). By 30 to 36 months, 5% (95% CI, 4%-6%) fewer surgical patients used an ophthalmic medication. In the surgical group, the odds of selective laser trabeculoplasty were reduced in patients with ocular hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.74) or glaucoma suspects (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.20-0.47), whereas the odds of glaucoma surgery were elevated in surgical patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.08-2.01). CONCLUSIONS The association of phacoemulsification for cataract with IOP reduction was lower than in past referral-based studies. Surgeons should expect to reduce IOP approximately 1 to 2 mmHg with phacoemulsification in patients with preoperative IOP of less than 20 mmHg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Carolan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente, San Rafael, California
| | - Liyan Liu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Laura B Amsden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Neal H Shorstein
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Quality, Kaiser Permanente, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Lisa J Herrinton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente, San Rafael, California.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sieh W, Rothstein JH, Klein RJ, Alexeeff SE, Sakoda LC, Jorgenson E, McBride RB, Graff RE, McGuire V, Achacoso N, Acton L, Liang RY, Lipson JA, Rubin DL, Yaffe MJ, Easton DF, Schaefer C, Risch N, Whittemore AS, Habel LA. Identification of 31 loci for mammographic density phenotypes and their associations with breast cancer risk. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5116. [PMID: 33037222 PMCID: PMC7547012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammographic density (MD) phenotypes are strongly associated with breast cancer risk and highly heritable. In this GWAS meta-analysis of 24,192 women, we identify 31 MD loci at P < 5 × 10-8, tripling the number known to 46. Seventeen identified MD loci also are associated with breast cancer risk in an independent meta-analysis (P < 0.05). Mendelian randomization analyses show that genetic estimates of dense area (DA), nondense area (NDA), and percent density (PD) are all significantly associated with breast cancer risk (P < 0.05). Pathway analyses reveal distinct biological processes involving DA, NDA and PD loci. These findings provide additional insights into the genetic basis of MD phenotypes and their associations with breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiva Sieh
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Russell B McBride
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ninah Achacoso
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Luana Acton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rhea Y Liang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jafi A Lipson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin J Yaffe
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine Schaefer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Neil Risch
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rashkin SR, Graff RE, Kachuri L, Thai KK, Alexeeff SE, Blatchins MA, Cavazos TB, Corley DA, Emami NC, Hoffman JD, Jorgenson E, Kushi LH, Meyers TJ, Van Den Eeden SK, Ziv E, Habel LA, Hoffmann TJ, Sakoda LC, Witte JS. Pan-cancer study detects genetic risk variants and shared genetic basis in two large cohorts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4423. [PMID: 32887889 PMCID: PMC7473862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the shared genetic basis of distinct cancers has the potential to elucidate carcinogenic mechanisms and inform broadly applicable risk assessment efforts. Here, we undertake genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and comprehensive evaluations of heritability and pleiotropy across 18 cancer types in two large, population-based cohorts: the UK Biobank (408,786 European ancestry individuals; 48,961 cancer cases) and the Kaiser Permanente Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging cohorts (66,526 European ancestry individuals; 16,001 cancer cases). The GWAS detect 21 genome-wide significant associations independent of previously reported results. Investigations of pleiotropy identify 12 cancer pairs exhibiting either positive or negative genetic correlations; 25 pleiotropic loci; and 100 independent pleiotropic variants, many of which are regulatory elements and/or influence cross-tissue gene expression. Our findings demonstrate widespread pleiotropy and offer further insight into the complex genetic architecture of cross-cancer susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Rashkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Khanh K Thai
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Maruta A Blatchins
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Taylor B Cavazos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Nima C Emami
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Travis J Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen K Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Young-Wolff KC, Sarovar V, Alexeeff SE, Adams SR, Tucker LY, Conway A, Ansley D, Goler N, Armstrong MA, Weisner C. Trends and correlates of self-reported alcohol and nicotine use among women before and during pregnancy, 2009-2017. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108168. [PMID: 32736316 PMCID: PMC7423641 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends and correlates of frequency of self-reported alcohol and nicotine use among pregnant women. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 363,240 pregnancies from 2009 to 2017 screened for self-reported substance use at their first prenatal visit in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Poisson regression with a log link function was used to estimate the annual prevalences of self-reported daily, weekly, and ≤ monthly alcohol and nicotine use, adjusting for socio-demographics. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of any self-reported prenatal alcohol or nicotine use among those who self-reported use in the year prior to pregnancy, by frequency of pre-pregnancy substance use and socio-demographics. RESULTS The sample was 64 % non-White [mean (SD) age = 30.1 (5.6)]. From 2009-2017, alcohol use before pregnancy increased from 63.4%-65.9% (trend p-value = .008), and prenatal alcohol use decreased from 11.6%-8.8% (trend p-value<.0001). Nicotine use before pregnancy decreased from 12.7 % to 7.7 % (trend p-value<.0001), and prenatal use decreased from 4.3 % to 2.0 % (trend p-value<.0001). Trends by use frequency were similar to overall trends. The odds of continued use of alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy were higher among those who used daily or weekly (versus monthly or less) in the year before pregnancy and varied with socio-demographics. DISCUSSION Prenatal alcohol and nicotine use decreased from 2009 to 2017. More frequent pre-pregnancy use predicted higher odds of prenatal use. Results suggest that interventions and education about the harms of prenatal substance use for frequent users prior to conception may reduce substance use during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Varada Sarovar
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | | | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Lue-Yen Tucker
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Amy Conway
- Early Start Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Early Start Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Nancy Goler
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | | | - Constance Weisner
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lam JO, Levine-Hall T, Hood N, Alexeeff SE, Horberg MA, Young-Wolff KC, Sterling SA, Williams A, Weisner C, Satre DD, Silverberg MJ. Smoking and cessation treatment among persons with and without HIV in a U.S. integrated health system. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 213:108128. [PMID: 32603975 PMCID: PMC7392076 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with HIV (PWH) are more likely to smoke and are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoking than persons without HIV. We examined smoking patterns and use of cessation treatment among PWH and persons without HIV in a U.S. integrated health system. METHODS We identified adults (≥18 years) with HIV and demographically-matched persons without HIV between July 2013 and December 2017. Smoking status and cessation treatment were ascertained from health records. We calculated age-standardized annual prevalence of smoking and evaluated trends using Cochran-Armitage tests and Poisson regression. Factors associated with cessation treatment during the study period, and smoking in the last year of the study, were evaluated by HIV status using multivariable Poisson models. RESULTS The study included 11,235 PWH and 227,320 persons without HIV. Smoking prevalence was higher among PWH across all years but declined for both groups (from 16.6% to 14.6% in PWH and 11.6% to 10.5% in persons without HIV). Among smokers, PWH were more likely to initiate cessation treatment compared to persons without HIV (17.9% vs. 13.3%, covariate-adjusted prevalence ratio of 1.31, 95% CI = 1.15-1.50), with few differences in cessation treatment across subgroups of PWH. In 2017, smoking prevalence remained higher in PWH, especially among those who were younger or who had diagnoses of depression or substance use disorder. CONCLUSION In a setting with access to cessation resources, smoking prevalence decreased both in PWH and persons without HIV. PWH had greater uptake of cessation treatment, which is encouraging for smoking reduction and improved health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O. Lam
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Tory Levine-Hall
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Nicole Hood
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| | - Michael A. Horberg
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, 2101 East Jefferson Street, 3 East, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stacy A. Sterling
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Andrew Williams
- Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Constance Weisner
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Derek D. Satre
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Michael J. Silverberg
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland CA, 94612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li D, Liu L, Fevrier HB, Alexeeff SE, Doherty AR, Raju M, Amsden LB, Lee JK, Levin TR, Corley DA, Herrinton LJ. Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Individuals With a History of Serrated Polyps. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:502-511.e2. [PMID: 32277950 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serrated polyp (SPs) are precursors to 20% to 30% of cases of colorectal tumors, but patients' long-term risk after removal of SPs is poorly understood. We investigated the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals with a history of SPs. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California members who underwent colonoscopy from 2006 through 2016. Study participants were categorized based on the size and location of SPs. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association of CRC diagnosed more than 1 year after colonoscopy, with polyp type vs no polyp after adjustment for year of colonoscopy, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking history. RESULTS The study included 233,393 individuals, of whom 445 developed incident CRC. At 10 years, the cumulative incidence rates of CRC for individuals with no polyp, proximal small SPs, proximal large SPs, and distal SPs were 4.7 (95% CI, 4.0-5.6), 14.8 (95% CI, 9.0-24.3), 30.2 (95% CI, 13.2-68.4), and 5.9 (95% CI, 3.6-9.5) per 1000 persons, respectively. In patients with SPs, risk of CRC was not increased until 3 years or more after the first colonoscopy (HR for small proximal SPs 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7-3.9 and HR for large proximal SPs 8.0; 95% CI, 3.6-16.1). The presence of synchronous adenomas increased the risk for CRC (HR for proximal SPs with synchronous adenomas 4.0; 95% CI, 3.0-5.5 and HR for distal SPs with synchronous adenomas 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7-3.4). CONCLUSIONS In a retrospective analysis of a large cohort of individuals examined by colonoscopy, we found that risk of incident CRC increased in individuals with proximal SPs (large SPs in particular) 3 years or more after the colonoscopy. These findings support guidelines that recommend surveillance colonoscopy for individuals with SPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Santa Clara, California; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
| | - Liyan Liu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Helene B Fevrier
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Amanda R Doherty
- Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Santa Clara, California
| | - Menaka Raju
- Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Jose, California
| | - Laura B Amsden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Jeffrey K Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California
| | - Theodore R Levin
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lisa J Herrinton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dusendang JR, Marwaha S, Alexeeff SE, Crowley E, Haiman M, Pham N, Tuerk MJ, Wudka D, Hartmann M, Herrinton LJ. Association of teledermatology workflows with standardising co-management of rashes by primary care physicians and dermatologists. J Telemed Telecare 2020; 28:182-187. [DOI: 10.1177/1357633x20930453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction For patients with a rash, the effect of teledermatology workflow on utilization has not been defined. We compared utilization across four teledermatology workflows in patients with a rash. Methods The observational longitudinal cohort study included 28,857 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members with a new rash diagnosis seen in primary care and with dermatology advice obtained using teledermatology. The workflows differed in camera and image quality; who took the picture; how the image was forwarded; and synchronicity and convenience. Results On average, 23% of patients had a follow-up office visit in dermatology within 90 days of their primary care visit. In multivariable analysis, the four technologies differed substantially in the likelihood of a follow-up dermatology office visit. In contrast, the likelihood was only negligibly related to medical centre or primary care provider. Discussion Technologies and workflows that offer the mobility of a smartphone with a high level of synchronicity in communication were associated with standardised co-management of rashes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ngoc Pham
- Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, USA
| | | | - Danny Wudka
- Quality and Operations Support, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|