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Uddin H, Hasan MK, Cuartas-Alvarez T, Castro-Delgado R. Effects of mass casualty incidents on anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among doctors and nurses: a systematic review. Public Health 2024; 234:132-142. [PMID: 39002283 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doctors and nurses suffer different mental health conditions following traumatic incidents. We systematically synthesized existing evidence on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their associated risk factors among doctors and nurses following mass casualty incidents (MCIs). STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Seven databases were searched (2010-2022) with peer-reviewed articles in English using the predefined keywords. Two reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts using the eligibility criteria and extracted data independently. We used the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools (NIH-QAT) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist (CASP) to measure the quality appraisal of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 5170 articles were retrieved, and 2512 articles were assessed by title and abstract (53 were eligible for full-text review). Finally, we included 19 studies. Most were assessed as of fair quality with a considerable risk of bias. PTSD was the highest-reported mental health condition. Nurses reported higher mental conditions, particularly PTSD. Two sets of risk factors (personal and workplace) are associated with anxiety, depression, and PTSD were found. CONCLUSIONS MCIs have a significant impact on the mental health outcomes of emergency health workers. Preventive measures should be designed considering the high-risk group, personal, and organizational risk factors of mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Uddin
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden; Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - M K Hasan
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Cuartas-Alvarez
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SAMU-Asturias), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (Research Group on Prehospital Care and Disasters, GIAPREDE), Oviedo 33001, Spain; RINVEMER-SEMES (Research Network on Prehospital Care-Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Castro-Delgado
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SAMU-Asturias), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (Research Group on Prehospital Care and Disasters, GIAPREDE), Oviedo 33001, Spain; RINVEMER-SEMES (Research Network on Prehospital Care-Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine), Madrid, Spain.
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Lee KW, Lee H. Types of co-occurring patterns of mental health among the disaster victims in South Korea. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:616-623. [PMID: 36751864 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined co-occurring patterns of mental health among disaster victims using latent profile analysis and assessed the difference between sociodemographic factors and protective factors that affect group classification. The data of 2300 disaster victims from 2019 (4th wave) NDMI (National Disaster Management Research Institute) for Long-term Survey on the Change of Life of Disaster Victims were analyzed. The latent profile analysis revealed that three profiles; High comorbid symptom (HCS) (6.2%), Medium comorbid symptom (MCS) (22.6%), and Low symptom (LS) (71.2%). The factors that explain the difference in this divided profile group were the type of disaster, hurt, income, age, elapsed years, resilience, and community resilience in the multinomial logistic regression. When individual resilience and community resilience are high, more effective in making people belong to the low comorbid symptom group. Therefore, there is a need for a strategy that promotes synergy between the two relationships while maintaining a dual focus point of view that fosters resilience at the individual and community level together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Won Lee
- Halla University, 28 Halla university-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Center for Social Welfare Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Dell'Osso L, Amatori G, Giovannoni F, Massimetti E, Cremone IM, Carpita B. Rumination and altered reactivity to sensory input as vulnerability factors for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults with autistic traits. CNS Spectr 2024; 29:119-125. [PMID: 38224059 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852924000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent literature has suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autistic traits (ATs) would be more likely to encounter traumatic events in their lifetime and to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the nature of this relationship has not yet been fully elucidated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between AT and PTSD and to investigate which specific autistic dimension was more associated with trauma and stress-related symptoms. METHODS A total of 68 subjects with ASD and 64 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed with the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) and the Trauma and Loss Spectrum (TALS) questionnaires. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, calculation of Spearman's coefficients, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with significant AT reported a 30% rate of PTSD and higher TALS total and domain scores than HCs, among whom no PTSD was found instead. Significant positive correlations were reported between AdAS Spectrum and TALS-SR scores in the whole sample. AdAS Spectrum total scores were statistically predictive of the presence of PTSD. High scores at AdAS Spectrum Inflexibility and adherence to routine and Restrictive interest and rumination domains were identified as positive predictors of a probable PTSD. CONCLUSION Compared to HCs, subjects with significant AT are more likely to present symptoms of PTSD. In particular, AT related to ruminative thinking, narrow interests, and sensorial reactivity would seem to predict the presence of post-traumatic stress symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Amatori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Mirko Cremone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Carpita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Registered Nurses and Nursing Students in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder characterized by a range of syndromal responses to extreme stressors. The present study aimed to explore any differences in PTSD between registered nurses and nursing students, according to sex and nursing experience, during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2): Methods: An observational descriptive study was conducted among Italian nurses and nursing students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was distributed in an anonymous form through the Google function of Google Modules to some social pages and nursing groups. (3) Results: In total, 576 participants were enrolled in this study. Of these, 291 (50.50%) were registered nurses and 285 (49.50%) were nursing students. By considering the Impact of Event Scale—Revised values in nurses and in nursing students according to sex, a significant difference was reported in the avoidance sub-dimension (p = 0.024), as female nurses recorded higher levels than nursing students. No further significant differences were suggested by considering both sex and nursing experience, respectively. (4) Conclusion: PTSD could be a serious consequence for both nurses and nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Matthews LR, Alden LE, Wagner S, Carey MG, Corneil W, Fyfe T, Randall C, Regehr C, White M, Buys N, White N, Fraess-Phillips A, Krutop E. PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY IN PERSONNEL WORKING IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SETTINGS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. J Emerg Med 2022; 62:617-635. [PMID: 35379514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professionals working in the emergency department (ED) are regularly exposed to traumatic events. Rates of posttraumatic mental health conditions vary widely in the literature and there is no agreement that rates in ED staff are elevated relative to other populations. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review of international literature reporting prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety in ED personnel to determine whether prevalence is elevated compared to the general community, and to evaluate convergent evidence across the literature for predictive factors. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive review on this topic in the literature at this time. METHODS Seven databases were searched for studies reporting rates of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in ED personnel. Two independent researchers screened studies and assessed quality using Munn's Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument. Best-evidence synthesis determined whether conditions demonstrated elevated prevalence compared to the general population of Canada, a conservative benchmark. RESULTS Twenty-four studies from 12 countries and a combined sample size of 4768 were included. PTSD rates ranged from 0% to 23.6% (mean 10.47%), depression ranged from 0.7% to 77.1% (mean 24.8%), and anxiety rates ranged from 2.4% to 14.6% (mean 9.29%). Each condition was elevated compared to the general population. Sociodemographic variables were not consistent predictors. Elevated PTSD seemed most strongly related to workplace exposure and maladaptive coping. CONCLUSIONS ED professionals have an elevated risk of experiencing PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Identification of organizational and workplace predictors are needed to inform interventions that will reduce risk and provide optimal treatment and management of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in ED settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda R Matthews
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynn E Alden
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon Wagner
- College of Arts, Social and Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary G Carey
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Wayne Corneil
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences and Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trina Fyfe
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Randall
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Health Group, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Marc White
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Buys
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole White
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Fraess-Phillips
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elyssa Krutop
- Aligned Kamloops, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
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Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and its associated factors among emergency department nurses in the Netherlands. Eur J Emerg Med 2022; 29:146-148. [PMID: 35210381 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carmassi C, Pedrinelli V, Dell'Oste V, Bertelloni CA, Grossi C, Gesi C, Cerveri G, Dell'Osso L. PTSD and Depression in Healthcare Workers in the Italian Epicenter of the COVID-19 Outbreak. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 17:242-252. [PMID: 35173794 PMCID: PMC8728562 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence highlights the susceptibility of Healthcare Workers to develop psychopathological sequelae, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression, in the current COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, but little data have been reported in the acute phase of the pandemic. Objective: To explore Healthcare Workers’ mental health reactions in the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the first European epicenter (Lodi/Codogno, Italy), with particular attention to post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms and their interplay with other psychological outcomes. Methods: 74 Healthcare Workers employed at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Lodi (Lombardy, Italy) were recruited and assessed by means of the Impact of Event Scale- Revised, the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item, the Resilience Scale and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were compared across three subgroups of the sample (No PTSD, PTSD only, PTSD and depression). Results: A total of 31% of subjects endorsed a diagnosis of PTSD and 28.4% reported PTSD comorbid with major depression. Females were more prone to develop post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Subjects with PTSD and depression groups showed high levels of PTSD, depression, burnout and impairment in functioning. Anxiety symptoms were higher in both PTSD and depression and PTSD groups rather than in the No PTSD group. Conclusion: Our results showed high rates of PTSD and depression among Healthcare Workers and their comorbidity overall being associated with worse outcomes. Current findings suggest that interventions to prevent and treat psychological implications among Healthcare Workers facing infectious outbreaks are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Grossi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Camilla Gesi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Carmassi C, Dell'Oste V, Bertelloni CA, Pedrinelli V, Barberi FM, Malacarne P, Dell'Osso L. Gender and occupational role differences in work-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, burnout and global functioning in emergency healthcare workers. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021; 69:103154. [PMID: 34895972 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore gender and occupational role impact on work-related Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, burnout and global functioning in a sample of emergency healthcare workers. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING 126 healthcare workers of the Emergency Department, including Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine, of a major University Hospital in central Italy were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were assessed by means of the: Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self Report (TALS-SR) to explore Post-Traumatic Stress Spectrum Symptoms, Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) Scale to assess Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout and Compassion Fatigue and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) to measure global functioning. RESULTS The present findings showed females were more prone to develop Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, particularly re-experiencing (p = .010) and hyperarousal (p = .026) symptoms and medical doctors reporting higher Burnout (p < .001) and lower Compassion Satisfaction (p = .009) mean scores than nurses. Higher levels of functioning impairment emerged amongst medical doctors rather than nurses, in both social (p = .029) and private (p = .020) leisure activities. Linear correlations highlighted relationships between the TALS-SR, ProQOL and WSAS scores. Finally, medical doctor status was significantly associated with lower Compassion Satisfaction (p = .029) and higher Burnout (p = .015). CONCLUSION Our results highlight high post-traumatic stress symptoms and burnout levels in emergency healthcare workers with a relevant impact of female gender and occupational role, supporting the need for preventive strategies, also in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Malacarne
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Roncone R, Giusti L, Mammarella S, Salza A, Bianchini V, Lombardi A, Prosperocco M, Ursini E, Scaletta V, Casacchia M. "Hang in There!": Mental Health in a Sample of the Italian Civil Protection Volunteers during the COVID-19 Health Emergency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8587. [PMID: 34444336 PMCID: PMC8394470 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted on civil volunteers and their emotional conditions concerning the current COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 emergency on the mental health (general well-being, depression level, and post-traumatic distress), coping strategies, and training needs in an Italian sample of 331 Civil Protection volunteers of the L'Aquila province, during the first nationwide "lockdown" (8 March-3 June 2020). The rate of respondents to the online survey was limited (11.5%), presumably because displaying distress would be considered a sign of "weakness", making volunteers unable to do their jobs. More than 90% of the volunteers showed good mental health conditions and a wide utilization of positive coping strategies, with the less experienced displaying better emotional conditions compared to colleagues with 10 or more years of experience. The type of emergency, the relatively few cases of contagion and mortality in the territory compared to the rest of Italy, and the sense of helping the community, together with the awareness of their group identity, could have contributed to the reported well-being. These results may help to identify the needs of volunteers related to this new "urban" emergency to improve both their technical and emotional skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Roncone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Spennati 1, Edificio Delta 6, Studio 110-Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.); (M.C.)
- University Unit Rehabilitation Treatment, Early Interventions in Mental Health, Hospital S. Salvatore, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Spennati 1, Edificio Delta 6, Studio 110-Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Mammarella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Spennati 1, Edificio Delta 6, Studio 110-Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Salza
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Spennati 1, Edificio Delta 6, Studio 110-Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Valeria Bianchini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Spennati 1, Edificio Delta 6, Studio 110-Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Annalina Lombardi
- LARES Italia—Unione Nazionale Laureati Esperti in Protezione Civile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.L.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (V.S.)
| | - Massimo Prosperocco
- LARES Italia—Unione Nazionale Laureati Esperti in Protezione Civile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.L.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (V.S.)
| | - Elio Ursini
- LARES Italia—Unione Nazionale Laureati Esperti in Protezione Civile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.L.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Scaletta
- LARES Italia—Unione Nazionale Laureati Esperti in Protezione Civile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.L.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (V.S.)
| | - Massimo Casacchia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Spennati 1, Edificio Delta 6, Studio 110-Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (V.B.); (M.C.)
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Banaee S, Claiborne DM, Akpinar-Elci M. Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2021; 68:993-1000. [PMID: 33843712 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial burden on dental care professionals. While dentistry is known as one of the most exposed and high-risk professions, dental care professionals are indeed at even greater risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, occupational health practices, personal protective equipment usage, and mental stressors during COVID-19 pandemic among dental care professionals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental care professionals who were subscribers to a dental hygiene journal using a self-administered online survey (n = 1047 respondents). Cross-tabulations were performed to determine differences in the responses to the statements related to different domains. RESULTS COVID-19 impacted the healthy work-life balance (p < 0.001) and caused sleeping difficulty among the respondents (p < 0.001). Moreover, a lower response on changing respirators and gloves for each patient compared with before viral pandemic was observed (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Ongoing training on infection control, occupational health practices, and PPE usage can prevent the transmission of COVID-19 among dental care professionals and the public. Lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is a burden for applying occupational health practices in dental clinics and present a risk to the public. COVID-19 may contribute to developing psychological stress and disrupt healthy work-life balance among dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Banaee
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Denise M Claiborne
- Gene W. Hirschfeld School of Dental Hygiene, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Muge Akpinar-Elci
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Guilaran J, De Terte I, Kaniasty K, Stephens C. Received Social Support and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in New Zealand and Philippine Emergency Responders. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2021.40.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Emergency responders are at risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This study investigates the relationship between the different components of received social support (RSS) and PTSS in these occupations. Method: This cross-sectional study involved emergency responders from New Zealand and the Philippines (n=223). Participants answered an online questionnaire measuring social support and PTSS. Results: High amount of total received support was significantly associated with lower levels of PTSS. Analyses of RSS components revealed that co-worker, emotional, and tangible support exhibited salutary main effects on PTSS. Furthermore, high amounts of RSS from supervisors were found to be associated with low levels of PTSS only among participants who reported low trauma exposure. Discussion: Findings were congruent with the main effects model of RSS. Results also underscored the importance of investigating varied manifestations of social support as they may differentially influence the strength of effects of receiving social support by emergency responders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krzysztof Kaniasty
- Indiana University of Pennsylvania & Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Brooks D, Brooks R. A systematic review: what factors predict Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in ambulance personnel? Br Paramed J 2021; 5:18-24. [PMID: 34421372 PMCID: PMC8341068 DOI: 10.29045/14784726.2021.3.5.4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ambulance personnel are frequently exposed to traumatic accidents, which makes them a high risk for poor mental health. High rates of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) have been found within ambulance personnel samples but no review has been completed to examine the factors that may be implicated in the development of these symptoms. This literature review provides an overview of the factors that predict PTSS in ambulance personnel. Methods: A systematic search strategy was conducted in April 2020 across the following four databases: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Results: Eighteen papers were included in this review, and the predictive factors examined were grouped into four categories: coping style, personal factors, environmental factors and organisational factors. Conclusions: An array of factors across the four categories were implicated in the development of PTSS, but these tended to be indicated in only one or two papers. Evidence was found to suggest that dysfunctional coping styles, reduced levels of some personality traits, proximity and nature of the critical incident and high levels of organisation stress can all lead to PTSS. Further research is needed to support the reliability of findings.
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D'Ettorre G, Pellicani V, Ceccarelli G. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in healthcare workers: a ten-year systematic review. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020009. [PMID: 33263341 PMCID: PMC8023102 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i12-s.9459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims: Healthcare workers (HCWs) employed in hospital settings frequently experience many occupational stressors leading to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Literature has increasingly highlighted PTSD as a major issue that involves both staff and healthcare organizations; the consequences of PTSD may include medication errors and lower standards of care. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses the need for preventing PTSD in HCWs working closely with COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the latest developments in assessing and managing the occupational risk of PTSD symptoms in hospital HCWs. Methods: We searched for publications in MEDLINE/Pubmed using selected keywords. Each article was reviewed and categorized into one or more of the following four categories based on its subject matter: risk assessment, risk management and occurrence rates. Results: Our search resulted in a total of 32 publications that matched our inclusion criteria. Increased years of service, older age, previous year exposure to violence, personality traits (i.e. neuroticism), history of mental disorders, being non-graduates, were found to be workers’ pre-trauma factors predicting PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The findings suggest the need to prioritize preventative interventions aimed to anticipate the effects of traumatic exposure by training HCWs in evidence based anticipatory methods of coping with stressful events. With regard to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we found evidence of the need to strength social support and training targeted at psychological skills of medical staff who treated COVID-19 patients. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy..
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14
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PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: What can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2020; 292:113312. [PMID: 32717711 PMCID: PMC7370915 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the critical need to focus on its impact on the mental health of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) involved in the response to this emergency. It has been consistently shown that a high proportion of HCWs is at greater risk for developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS). The present study systematic reviewed studies conducted in the context of the three major Coronavirus outbreaks of the last two decades to investigate risk and resilience factors for PTSD and PTSS in HCWs. Nineteen studies on the SARS 2003 outbreak, two on the MERS 2012 outbreak and three on the COVID-19 ongoing outbreak were included. Some variables were found to be of particular relevance as risk factors as well as resilience factors, including exposure level, working role, years of work experience, social and work support, job organization, quarantine, age, gender, marital status, and coping styles. It will be critical to account for these factors when planning effective intervention strategies, to enhance the resilience and reduce the risk of adverse mental health outcomes among HCWs facing the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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15
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Kim YJ, Kang SW. The Quality of Life, Psychological Health, and Occupational Calling of Korean Workers: Differences by the New Classes of Occupation Emerging Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5689. [PMID: 32781702 PMCID: PMC7460335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to create new classifications for occupations that have emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea, based on Reich's classifications for the United States. We examined Korean workers' occupational calling, psychological health, and quality of life. An online questionnaire was administered and data from 1029 Korean workers were analyzed. The questionnaire comprised the Korean version of the Multidimensional Calling Measure to assess occupational calling, the Psychosocial Well-being Index-short form for psychological health, and the Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) scale for quality of life. We created a Korean-adapted version of the classes of occupation based on those created by the COVID-19 situation in the USA. Our results showed that Korean workers had a high perceived calling to work, and different classes showed different levels of quality of life and psychological health. We need a health concentration management system for essential groups or personal safety protection equipment should be provided. Education on infection control should be offered and effective medical system processes should be in place. We need to develop technology to respond to medical needs online, remotely, or telephonically. The government should implement policies to ensure job security and to improve wages and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Woo Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
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16
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Conversano C, Ciacchini R, Orrù G, Di Giuseppe M, Gemignani A, Poli A. Mindfulness, Compassion, and Self-Compassion Among Health Care Professionals: What's New? A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1683. [PMID: 32849021 PMCID: PMC7412718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care professionals (HCPs) are a population at risk for high levels of burnout and compassion fatigue. The aim of the present systematic review was to give an overview on recent literature about mindfulness and compassion characteristics of HCPs, while exploring the effectiveness of techniques, involving the two aspects, such as MBSR or mindfulness intervention and compassion fatigue-related programs. A search of databases, including PubMed and PsycINFO, was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the methodological quality for this systematic review was appraised using AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews-2). The number of articles that met the inclusion criteria was 58 (4 RCTs, 24 studies with pre-post measurements, 12 cross-sectional studies, 11 cohort studies and 7 qualitative studies). MBSR intervention was effective at improving, and maintaining, mindfulness and self-compassion levels and to improve burnout, depression, anxiety, stress. The most frequently employed interventional strategies were mindfulness-related trainings that were effective at improving mindfulness and self-compassion, but not compassion fatigue, levels. Compassion-related interventions have been shown to improve self-compassion, mindfulness and interpersonal conflict levels. Mindfulness was effective at improving negative affect and compassion fatigue, while compassion satisfaction may be related to cultivation of positive affect. This systematic review summarized the evidence regarding mindfulness- and compassion-related qualities of HCPs as well as potential effects of MBSR, mindfulness-related and compassion-related interventions on professionals' psychological variables like mindfulness, self-compassion and quality of life. Combining structured mindfulness and compassion cultivation trainings may enhance the effects of interventions, limit the variability of intervention protocols and improve data comparability of future research.
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17
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Wang YX, Guo HT, Du XW, Song W, Lu C, Hao WN. Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder of nurses exposed to corona virus disease 2019 in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20965. [PMID: 32590808 PMCID: PMC7328992 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative studies using validated questionnaires on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of Nurses exposed to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China are rare and the baseline PTSD must first be evaluated before prevention. This study aimed to investigate the factors potentially involved in the level of PTSD of Nurses exposed to COVID-19 in China.In this cross-sectional study, male and female Nurses (n = 202) exposed to COVID-19 from HuBei China were included in the final sample. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C) questionnaire and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used for evaluation. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis and spearman correlation test were performed to assess the association between various factors associated with PTSD.The incidence of PTSD in Nurses exposed to COVID-19 was 16.83%, the PCL-C score was 27.00 (21.00-34.00), and the highest score in the three dimensions was avoidance dimension 9.50 (7.00-13.25); multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis showed that job satisfaction and gender were independently associated with lower PCL-C scores (both P < .001); PCL-C scores were correlated with positive coping (r = -0.151, P = .032), negative coping (r = 0.154, P = .029).Nurses exposed to COVID-19 from HuBei China with job satisfaction, male and positive coping had low PCL-C scores which necessitate reducing the PTSD level by ways of improving job satisfaction, positive response, and strengthening the psychological counseling of female nurses in order to reduce the risk of psychological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xi Wang
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University
| | | | - Xue-Wei Du
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University
| | - Wen Song
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University
| | - Chang Lu
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University
| | - Wen-Nv Hao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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18
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Giallonardo V, Sampogna G, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:533. [PMID: 32581895 PMCID: PMC7290062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its related containment measures-mainly physical distancing and isolation-are having detrimental consequences on the mental health of the general population worldwide. In particular, frustration, loneliness, and worries about the future are common reactions and represent well-known risk factors for several mental disorders, including anxiety, affective, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The vast majority of available studies have been conducted in China, where the pandemic started. Italy has been severely hit by the pandemic, and the socio-cultural context is completely different from Eastern countries. Therefore, there is the need for methodologically rigorous studies aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and quarantine measures on the mental health of the Italian population. In fact, our results will help us to develop appropriate interventions for managing the psychosocial consequences of pandemic. The "COVID-IT-mental health trial" is a no-profit, not-funded, national, multicentric, cross-sectional population-based trial which has the following aims: a) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on mental health of the Italian population; b) to identify the main areas to be targeted by supportive long-term interventions for the different categories of people exposed to the pandemic. Data will be collected through a web-platform using validated assessment tools. Participants will be subdivided into four groups: a) Group 1-COVID-19 quarantine group. This group includes the general population which are quarantined but not isolated, i.e., those not directly exposed to contagion nor in contact with COVID-19+ individuals; b) Group 2-COVID-19+ group, which includes isolated people directly/indirectly exposed to the virus; c) Group 3-COVID-19 healthcare staff group, which includes first- and second-line healthcare professionals; d) Group 4-COVID-19 mental health, which includes users of mental health services and all those who had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder. Mental health services worldwide are not prepared yet to manage the short- and long-term consequences of the pandemic. It is necessary to have a clear picture of the impact that this new stressor will have on mental health and well-being in order to develop and disseminate appropriate interventions for the general population and for the other at-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina - ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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19
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Lee W, Lee YR, Yoon JH, Lee HJ, Kang MY. Occupational post-traumatic stress disorder: an updated systematic review. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:768. [PMID: 32448255 PMCID: PMC7245752 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies on occupational post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been conducted prior to the 1950-2010 seminal systematic review by Skogstad et al., the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of this disorder following traumatic events in occupational settings remain unclear. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by reviewing the literature published after 2010. METHODS We reviewed literature from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using PRISMA guidelines to identify studies that address occupational PTSD and examined the status (prevalence or incidence), the risk factors, and the health effects of PTSD among workers. RESULTS In total, 123 articles were identified, and finally, 31 (25.2%) articles were selected after excluding duplicates. Various occupational traumatic physical events were reported such as natural or manmade disaster, explosion, accident, handling refugee corpses, or bullying at work. Risk of PTSD was closely associated with working conditions, severity of injury, history of mental disorder, occurrence of psychiatric symptoms at the time of the event, personality, interpersonal relationships, etc. Workers with PTSD were likely to experience a deterioration of physical and psychological health and impairment of social and occupational functioning. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that many workers remain highly vulnerable to occupational PTSD and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Ryoung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Poli A, Gemignani A, Conversano C. The Psychological Impact of Sars-Cov-2 Quarantine: Observations Through the Lens of the Polyvagal Theory. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:112-114. [PMID: 34908980 PMCID: PMC8629065 DOI: 10.36131/cn20200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
According to the polyvagal theory, quarantine and social distancing following COVID-19 pandemic may dampen nucleus ambiguuus (NA) activity in the brainstem and hinder homeostatic cardiorespiratory functioning, emotional self-regulation and health. In addition, enduring quarantine may foster heightened implicit vigilance for social threat, emotional dysregulation, poor sleep and immune response, potentially increasing the chance of infections. Promoting activities aimed at increasing NA functioning, like self-compassion, may support emotional self-regulation, adequate immune response and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Poli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa – 56126, ITALY
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa – 56126, ITALY
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa – 56126, ITALY
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21
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Di Giuseppe M, Gemignani A, Conversano C. Psychological Resources Against the Traumatic Experience of Covid-19. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:85-87. [PMID: 34908974 PMCID: PMC8629078 DOI: 10.36131/cn20200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psychological resources, such as defense mechanism and mindfulness practice, can mediate the individual reaction to traumatic experiences as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A novel self-reported measure based on the DMRS (DMRS-SR-30), has been developed with the aim of assessing potential adaptive defensive strategies against the traumatic experience of COVID-19. Preliminary validation of the DMRS-SR-30 showed good internal consistency in both overall defensive functioning and subscales. Combining adaptive defense mechanisms and mindfulness practice could prevent psychological distress due to the effect of COVID-19 losses and quarantining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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22
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Orrù G, Ciacchini R, Gemignani A, Conversano C. Psychological Intervention Measures During the Covid-19 Pandemic. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:76-79. [PMID: 34908972 PMCID: PMC8629089 DOI: 10.36131/cn20200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The health emergency we are experiencing due to the spread of the COVID-19 disease has strongly influenced the psychological and physical health of the general population, including the health care professionals. The aim of this brief article is a preliminary analysis of the psychological interventions following the infectious disease outbreak in order to 1) implement guidelines for the existing emerging psychological crisis for people directly and indirectly affected by COVID-19, and 2) establish adequate procedures and prompt responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Orrù
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ciacchini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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23
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Conversano C, Marchi L, Miniati M. Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Professionals Involved in the Covid-19 Emergency: Vulnerability and Resilience Factors. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:94-96. [PMID: 34908976 PMCID: PMC8629057 DOI: 10.36131/cn20200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to outline some considerations about the psychological distress in healthcare professional during the COVID-19 pandemic. We summarize available literature both on ‘protective’ and ‘predisposing’ factors potentially involved in the occurrence of psychological distress, including PTSD, in frontline healthcare operators. Valid social support, self-efficacy, internal locus of control (LOC) and sense of coherence (SOC) have been considered as resilience factors, in previous studies. Likewise, several observations pointed on the relevance of individual and environmental vulnerabilities. No real evidence is available about strategies to face the emotional burden for healthcare operators due to present COVID-19 scenario. However, we strongly believe that the containment of isolation anxiety with an appropriate emotional support should be the first instrument to minimise the psychological effect of pandemic on the more exposed healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Miniati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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A Systematic Review of the Impact of Disaster on the Mental Health of Medical Responders. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019; 34:632-643. [PMID: 31625487 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x19004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical responders are at-risk of experiencing a wide range of negative psychological health conditions following a disaster. AIM Published literature was reviewed on the adverse psychological health outcomes in medical responders to various disasters and mass casualties in order to: (1) assess the psychological impact of disasters on medical responders; and (2) identify the possible risk factors associated with psychological impacts on medical responders. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Discovery Service, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies on the prevalence/risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental disorders in medical responders of disasters and mass casualties was carried out using pre-determined keywords. Two reviewers screened the 3,545 abstracts and 28 full-length articles which were included for final review. RESULTS Depression and PTSD were the most studied outcomes in medical responders. Nurses reported higher levels of adverse outcomes than physicians. Lack of social support and communication, maladaptive coping, and lack of training were important risk factors for developing negative psychological outcomes across all types of disasters. CONCLUSIONS Disasters have significant adverse effects on the mental well-being of medical responders. The prevalence rates and presumptive risk factors varied among three different types of disasters. There are certain high-risk, vulnerable groups among medical responders, as well as certain risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes. Adapting preventive measures and mitigation strategies aimed at high-risk groups would be beneficial in decreasing negative outcomes.
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Di Giuseppe M, Ciacchini R, Piarulli A, Nepa G, Conversano C. Mindfulness dispositions and defense style as positive responses to psychological distress in oncology professionals. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2019; 40:104-110. [PMID: 31229199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Working in oncology departments is a stressful and emotionally consuming experience and oncology professionals are particularly at risk for developing stress-related syndromes. Defense mechanisms (high-adaptive) and mindfulness dispositions are known as facilitators of well-being and adaptation. In this study we analysed the role of these unconscious and conscious strategies in protecting the oncology clinicians from stress-related symptoms. METHOD A convenience sample of 63 oncology professionals was assessed on defense style, mindfulness disposition, depression and anxiety symptoms using self-reported questionnaires. Demographic and professional information was included in data collection. RESULTS Results did not show significance differences in demographic and professional characteristics among all studied variables. Mature defense style and mindfulness were highly and negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, while a positive association was found between immature defense style and both depression and anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses found defense styles and mindfulness as predictors of depression, whereas only immature defense style predicted anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first empirical evidence of the influence of unconscious defense mechanisms and conscious mindfulness dispositions in protecting oncology professionals from depression and anxiety symptoms. Defense mechanisms and mindfulness share several common-points and should be seen as complementary in enhancing physical and psychological well-being. Further studies are required for a deeper understanding of the impact of mindfulness and defenses in improving adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, Via Bonanno Pisano 10, Building 5, 2nd Floor, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rebecca Ciacchini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, Via Bonanno Pisano 10, Building 5, 2nd Floor, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Piarulli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, Via Bonanno Pisano 10, Building 5, 2nd Floor, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Nepa
- Hospital Giuseppe Mazzini, Piazza Italia, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, Via Bonanno Pisano 10, Building 5, 2nd Floor, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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